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Zhang W, Wang D, Hao E, Shi L, Chen H, Zhang W, Chen Y. Positive effects and mechanism of mulberry leaf extract on alleviating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103998. [PMID: 39018653 PMCID: PMC11305280 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on alleviating fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in laying hens. The 576 Jing Fen laying hens of 56 weeks of age with good health and similar weights (1.76 ± 0.17 kg) were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 8 replicates in each group and 12 chickens in each replicate. The experiment lasted 56 d. The control group was fed a corn-soybean meal diet. The FLHS group was fed a high energy-low protein (HELP) diet, and the other four experimental groups were fed HELP diets supplemented with 0.04, 0.40, 0.80, and 1.20% MLE, respectively. The results showed that HELP treatment significantly induced liver injury, which indicated that the FLHS model was successfully established. MLE supplementation could alleviate the FLHS by reducing the liver index, abdominal fat percentage, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the serum (P < 0.05), and subsequently increase the egg production rate (P < 0.05). The laying hens fed 0.8% MLE exhibited the greatest production performance (P < 0.05) and could improve serum lipid levels. In addition, the genes associated with fatty acid synthesis (ACC, HMGR and SREBP-1C) were downregulated (P < 0.05), and genes related to fatty acid oxidation (CPT1A, AMPK, and ATGL) were found to be upregulated (P < 0.05). Supplementation with 1.2% MLE significantly reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Desulfurized Bacillus (P < 0.05) and significantly increased the relative abundance of Fecal Bacillus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MLE may regulate the mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related genes through the AMPK signaling pathway and improve cecal microbiota balance and serum lipid levels to alleviate FLHS in laying hens and subsequently improve egg production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Dehe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Erying Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Xiangda Hezhong Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050800, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071001, China.
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Cheng X, Hu Y, Kuang J, Guo X, Cao H, Wu H, Hu G, Zhuang Y. Berberine alleviates high-energy and low-protein diet-induced fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens: insights from microbiome and metabolomics. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103968. [PMID: 38959643 PMCID: PMC11269790 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), a well-known quaternary ammonium alkaloid, is recognized for its ability to prevent and alleviate metabolic disorders because of its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying mechanisms of BBR to mitigate fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) through the modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolism remained unclear. The results revealed that BBR ameliorates lipid metabolism disorder in high-energy and low-protein (HELP) diet-induced FLHS laying hens, as evidenced by improved liver function and lipid deposition of the liver, reduced blood lipids, and the expression of liver lipid synthesis-related factors. Moreover, BBR alleviated HELP diet-induced barrier dysfunction, increased microbial population, and dysregulated lipid metabolism in the ileum. BBR reshaped the HELP-perturbed gut microbiota, particularly declining the abundance of Desulfovibrio_piger and elevating the abundance of Bacteroides_salanitronis_DSM_18170. Meanwhile, metabolomic profiling analysis revealed that BBR reshaped microbial metabolism and function, particularly by reducing the levels of hydrocinnamic acid, dehydroanonaine, and leucinic acid. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments revealed that BBR-enriched gut microbiota alleviated hepatic lipid deposition and intestinal inflammation compared with those chicks that received a gut microbiota by HELP. Collectively, our study provided evidence that BBR effectively alleviated FLHS induced by HELP by reshaping the microbial and metabolic homeostasis within the liver-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Kuang
- Fujian Aonong Biotechnology Technology Grouping Co. LTD, Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huansheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Provincial, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Animal Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Zhuang W, Chen Z, Shu X, Zhang J, Zhu R, Shen M, Chen J, Zheng X. Establishment of a Steatosis Model in LMH Cells, Chicken Embryo Hepatocytes, and Liver Tissues Based on a Mixture of Sodium Oleate and Palmitic Acid. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2173. [PMID: 39123699 PMCID: PMC11311026 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on hepatic steatosis in animal husbandry has been a prominent area of study. Developing an appropriate in vitro cellular steatosis model is crucial for comprehensively investigating the mechanisms involved in liver lipid deposition in poultry and for identifying potential interventions to address abnormalities in lipid metabolism. The research on the methods of in vitro liver steatosis in chickens, particularly the effects of different fat mixtures, is still lacking. In this study, LMH cells were utilized to investigate the effects of OA, SO, PA, SP, and their pairwise combinations on steatosis development, with the aim of identifying the optimal conditions for inducing steatosis. Analysis of triglyceride (TG) content in LMH cells revealed that OA and SP had limited efficacy in increasing TG content, while a combination of SO and PA in a 1:2 ratio exhibited the highest TG content. Moreover, Oil Red O staining results in LMH cells demonstrated that the combination treatment had a more pronounced induction effect compared to 0.375 mM SO. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis showed that 0.375 mM SO significantly influenced the expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism compared to the control group, whereas the combination of SO and PA led to an enrichment of key GO terms associated with programmed cell death. These findings suggest that varying conditions of cellular steatosis could lead to distinct disruptions in gene expression. The optimal conditions for inducing steatosis in LMH cells were also tested on chicken embryonic liver cells and embryos. TG detection and Oil Red O staining assays showed that the combination of SO and PA successfully induced steatosis. However, the gene expression pattern differed from that of LMH cells. This study lays the foundations for further investigations into avian hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Ziwei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jilong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Runbang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Manman Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xiaotong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (W.Z.); (Z.C.); (X.S.); (J.Z.); (R.Z.); (M.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Du X, Wang Y, Amevor FK, Ning Z, Deng X, Wu Y, Wei S, Cao X, Xu D, Tian Y, Ye L, Shu G, Zhao X. Effect of High Energy Low Protein Diet on Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in the Liver and Abdominal Adipose Tissue of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1199. [PMID: 38672347 PMCID: PMC11047412 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high-energy low-protein (HELP) diet on lipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver and abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) of laying hens. A total of 200 Roman laying hens (120 days old) were randomly divided into two experimental groups: negative control group (NC group) and HELP group, with 100 hens per group. The chickens in the NC group were fed with a basic diet, whereas those in the HELP group were given a HELP diet. Blood, liver, and AAT samples were collected from 20 chickens per group at each experimental time point (30, 60, and 90 d). The morphological and histological changes in the liver and AAT were observed, and the level of serum biochemical indicators and the relative expression abundance of key related genes were determined. The results showed that on day 90, the chickens in the HELP group developed hepatic steatosis and inflammation. However, the diameter of the adipocytes of AAT in the HELP group was significantly larger than that of the NC group. Furthermore, the results showed that the extension of the feeding time significantly increased the lipid contents, lipid deposition, inflammatory parameters, and peroxide levels in the HELP group compared with the NC group, whereas the antioxidant parameters decreased significantly. The mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipid synthesis such as fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) increased significantly in the liver and AAT of the HELP group, whereas genes related to lipid catabolism decreased significantly in the liver. In addition, the expression of genes related to lipid transport and adipokine synthesis decreased significantly in the AAT, whereas in the HELP group, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory parameters such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) increased significantly in the liver and AAT. Conversely, the expression level of the anti-inflammatory parameter interleukin-10 (IL-10) decreased significantly in the liver. The results indicated that the HELP diet induced lipid peroxidation and inflammation in the liver and AAT of the laying hens. Hence, these results suggest that chicken AAT may be involved in the development of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zifan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Youhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xueqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.D.); (Y.W.); (F.K.A.); (Z.N.); (X.D.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (D.X.); (Y.T.); (L.Y.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Chu Y, Zheng Y, Li Y, Gui S, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Chen X. Dietary supplementation of magnolol alleviates fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome in postpeak Xinhua laying hens via regulation of liver lipid metabolism. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103378. [PMID: 38228060 PMCID: PMC10823128 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As a metabolic disease, fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) has emerged as a major cause of noninfectious mortality in laying hens, resulting in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of magnolol on FLHS in postpeak laying hen model, focusing on lipid metabolism, antioxidative capacity, and potential molecular mechanisms of action. We selected 150 Xinhua laying hens aged 50 wk and divided them into normal diet group (ND), high-fat diet group (HFD), 100 mg/kg magnolol group (MG100), 300 mg/kg magnolol group (MG300), 500 mg/kg magnolol group (MG500) on average. The experiment lasted for 6 wk, and liver samples were collected from the hens at the end of the experiment. The results demonstrated that the inclusion of magnolol in the diet had a significant impact on various factors. It led to a reduction in weight, an increase in egg production rate, a decrease in blood lipid levels, and an improvement in abnormal liver function, liver steatosis, and oxidative stress. These effects were particularly prominent in the MG500 group. The RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that in the MG500 group, there was a down-regulation of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis (Acc, Fasn, Scd, Srebf1, Elovl6) compared to the HFD group. Moreover, genes related to fatty acid oxidation (CPT1A and PGC1α) were found to be up-regulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of these differentially expressed genes indicated their enrichment in the PPAR signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate that magnolol can mitigate FLHS by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and promoting fatty acid oxidation. This discovery offers a novel approach for treating FLHS in laying hens, reducing the economic losses associate with FLHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Yidanyuan Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Co. LTD, Yingcheng, 432400, China
| | - Yazhen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sisi Gui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingwu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yaxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Miao S, Mu T, Li R, Li Y, Zhao W, Li J, Dong X, Zou X. Coated sodium butyrate ameliorates high-energy and low-protein diet induced hepatic dysfunction via modulating mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy and apoptosis in laying hens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:15. [PMID: 38302976 PMCID: PMC10835823 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS), a fatty liver disease in laying hens, poses a grave threat to the layer industry, stemming from its ability to trigger an alarming plummet in egg production and usher in acute mortality among laying hens. Increasing evidence suggests that the onset and progression of fatty liver was closely related to mitochondria dysfunction. Sodium butyrate was demonstrated to modulate hepatic lipid metabolism, alleviate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and mice models. Nevertheless, there is limited existing research on coated sodium butyrate (CSB) to prevent FLHS in laying hens, and whether and how CSB exerts the anti-FLHS effect still needs to be explored. In this experiment, the FLHS model was induced by administering a high-energy low-protein (HELP) diet in laying hens. The objective was to investigate the effects of CSB on alleviating FLHS with a focus on the role of CSB in modulating mitochondrial function. METHODS A total of 288 healthy 28-week-old Huafeng laying hens were arbitrarily allocated into 4 groups with 6 replicates each, namely, the CON group (normal diet), HELP group (HELP diet), CH500 group (500 mg/kg CSB added to HELP diet) and CH750 group (750 mg/kg CSB added to HELP diet). The duration of the trial encompassed a period of 10 weeks. RESULTS The result revealed that CSB ameliorated the HELP-induced FLHS by improving hepatic steatosis and pathological damage, reducing the gene levels of fatty acid synthesis, and promoting the mRNA levels of key enzymes of fatty acid catabolism. CSB reduced oxidative stress induced by the HELP diet, upregulated the activity of GSH-Px and SOD, and decreased the content of MDA and ROS. CSB also mitigated the HELP diet-induced inflammatory response by blocking TNF-α, IL-1β, and F4/80. In addition, dietary CSB supplementation attenuated HELP-induced activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), mitochondrial damage, and decline of ATPase activity. HELP diet decreased the autophagosome formation, and downregulated LC3B but upregulated p62 protein expression, which CSB administration reversed. CSB reduced HELP-induced apoptosis, as indicated by decreases in the Bax/Bcl-2, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and Cyt C expression levels. CONCLUSIONS Dietary CSB could ameliorate HELP diet-induced hepatic dysfunction via modulating mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, and apoptosis in laying hens. Consequently, CSB, as a feed additive, exhibited the capacity to prevent FLHS by modulating autophagy and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Miao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianming Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ru Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiankui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Chen X, Tian G, Liu G, Cai J, Jia G. Implications of Jatropha curcas L. cake feed on swine health: A microbiota-gut-brain axis perspective. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13953. [PMID: 38783533 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The safety of Jatropha curcas L. cake (JCC) in animal feed remains under scrutiny, despite the advent of low phorbol ester (PE) variants. This study investigates the impact of low PE JCC on swine health when used as a protein feed. Pigs were fed a 5% JCC diet with a PE concentration of 0.98 mg/kg, which surprisingly still induced toxicity. Symptoms included depression, decreased food intake, increased diarrhea, along with hypothalamus and colon lesions. The toxicity was associated with a decrease in antioxidant enzymes, an increase in inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus, plasma, and colon, and a rise in pro-inflammatory colon microbes and metabolites. Disturbances in neurotransmitters further suggest that this toxicity is related to disruption of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, indicating that JCC's toxic elements are not solely due to PE. The sensitivity of pigs to JCC underscores the need for thorough detoxification prior to its use as feed. These findings significantly contribute to the discourse on the safety of low PE JCC in animal feed, highlighting implications for both the feed industry and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Meishan Vocational Technical College, Meishan, Sichuan, China
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Dongpo District, Meishan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Li C, Gao J, Guo S, He B, Ma W. Effects of Curcumin on the Egg Quality and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:138. [PMID: 38200869 PMCID: PMC10778355 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, the major active compound of turmeric, has shown potential benefits for poultry health and production in various studies. However, its specific role in enhancing the egg quality and liver health of laying hens, as well as its underlying mechanisms, have yet to be determined. Here, a total of 600 Su Qin No.1 Laying hens, aged 55 weeks and with similar laying rates, were randomly placed into five groups, with 10 replicates of 12 hens each. Curcumin doses of 0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg were added to the basal diet to form the experimental groups. After an 8-week feeding period, no significant changes were observed in the production performance of laying hens due to curcumin supplementation. However, additional tests revealed that a 200 mg/kg curcumin supplementation improved albumen height, yolk color, Haugh unit, and eggshell thickness, while reducing the thin albumen's weight and proportion. This was accompanied by a significant down-regulation of the mRNA expression level of the Prolactin Receptor (Prlr) in the oviduct magnum. Furthermore, the number of hepatic lipid droplets and the hepatic triglyceride (TG) content, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced, indicating improved hepatic lipid metabolism and oxidative status. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in the expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 gene (Srebp-1), fatty acid synthase gene (Fasn), as well as fatty acid synthase (FASN), which are closely related to fatty acid synthesis in the liver. Overall, these findings suggest that curcumin supplementation at a dosage of 200 mg/kg could lead to significant improvements in egg quality and hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (S.G.); (B.H.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (S.G.); (B.H.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (S.G.); (B.H.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (S.G.); (B.H.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (C.L.); (J.G.); (S.G.); (B.H.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhu X, Chen Y, Lan T, Liu C. Transcriptome analysis of healthy and fatty liver revealed that inhibition of SLCO1B3 induces abnormal liver metabolism and lipid synthesis. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103023. [PMID: 37748246 PMCID: PMC10523000 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver serves as the central organ for lipid metabolism, making it a crucial component of chicken physiology. However, the intricate regulation of lipid absorption, synthesis, decomposition, and transport within the liver is influenced by various factors, such as environmental conditions, diet, and genetics. Recent research has suggested that numerous functional genes and transcription factors play a pivotal role in liver metabolism via different molecular mechanisms. In this study, we examined the transcriptomes of both healthy and fatty chicken livers to better understand the role of functional genes in chicken liver fat metabolism. Our bioinformatics analysis of RNA-seq data revealed differential expression of SLCO1B3 in healthy liver and fatty liver, with lower ex-pression levels observed in fatty liver. To further investigate the potential role of SLCO1B3 in liver metabolism, we conducted in vitro experiments to knock down its expression in primary hepatocytes. Our results indicated that SLCO1B3 could suppress lipogenesis, hepatocyte apoptosis, and inflammation. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism of SLCO1B3 as a functional gene capable of regulating fat metabolism in chicken liver, and may contribute to ad-dressing the issue of fatty liver in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Tian Lan
- Division of liver surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Division of liver surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Minimal Invasive Surgery, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu 610037, PR China.
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Zhang J, Xing Y, Li F, Mu J, Liu T, Ge J, Zhao M, Liu L, Gong D, Geng T. Study on the Mechanism of MC5R Participating in Energy Metabolism of Goose Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108648. [PMID: 37239994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and energy levels have an important impact on animal growth, production performance, disease occurrence and health recovery. Previous studies indicate that melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) is mainly involved in the regulations of exocrine gland function, lipid metabolism and immune response in animals. However, it is not clear how MC5R participates in the nutrition and energy metabolism of animals. To address this, the widely used animal models, including the overfeeding model and the fasting/refeeding model, could provide an effective tool. In this study, the expression of MC5R in goose liver was first determined in these models. Goose primary hepatocytes were then treated with nutrition/energy metabolism-related factors (glucose, oleic acid and thyroxine), which is followed by determination of MC5R gene expression. Moreover, MC5R was overexpressed in goose primary hepatocytes, followed by identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways subjected to MC5R regulation by transcriptome analysis. At last, some of the genes potentially regulated by MC5R were also identified in the in vivo and in vitro models, and were used to predict possible regulatory networks with PPI (protein-protein interaction networks) program. The data showed that both overfeeding and refeeding inhibited the expression of MC5R in goose liver, while fasting induced the expression of MC5R. Glucose and oleic acid could induce the expression of MC5R in goose primary hepatocytes, whereas thyroxine could inhibit it. The overexpression of MC5R significantly affected the expression of 1381 genes, and the pathways enriched with the DEGs mainly include oxidative phosphorylation, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, glutathione metabolism and MAPK signaling pathway. Interestingly, some pathways are related to glycolipid metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle, etc. Using the in vivo and in vitro models, it was demonstrated that the expression of some DEGs, including ACSL1, PSPH, HMGCS1, CPT1A, PACSIN2, IGFBP3, NMRK1, GYS2, ECI2, NDRG1, CDK9, FBXO25, SLC25A25, USP25 and AHCY, was associated with the expression of MC5R, suggesting these genes may mediate the biological role of MC5R in these models. In addition, PPI analysis suggests that the selected downstream genes, including GYS2, ECI2, PSPH, CPT1A, ACSL1, HMGCS1, USP25 and NDRG1, participate in the protein-protein interaction network regulated by MC5R. In conclusion, MC5R may mediate the biological effects caused by changes in nutrition and energy levels in goose hepatocytes through multiple pathways, including glycolipid-metabolism-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fangbo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ji'an Mu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jing Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minmeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Long Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Daoqing Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tuoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Tedesco DEA, Guerrini A. Use of Milk Thistle in Farm and Companion Animals: A Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:584-607. [PMID: 36302565 DOI: 10.1055/a-1969-2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Milk thistle, Silybum marianum, is a medicinal plant grown for its bioactive compounds with well-documented antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Milk thistle has a well-established pharmacological reputation for treatments of human liver disease, but it is also used in animals. This review summarizes the experimental evidence of milk thistle's effects on animals when administered as silymarin extract (feed additive) or a feed ingredient, if administered as seed or expeller/cake with the seed residue still containing the bioactive components. The use as a feed additive or feed ingredient is motivated by the complexity of silymarin registration as a veterinary drug. In farm animals, the drug improves the animals' performance and product quality and oxidative stability, supports liver function during the productive life-cycle, improves gut-health and morphology, and can reduce intestinal pathogens. In dogs and cats, the treatment is focused on acute and chronic liver diseases including the detoxification processes and support of drug treatments including chemotherapy. In equine athletes, milk seed cake showed positive effects and a faster return of cortisol to the resting values before exercise occurred. In aquaculture, it confirms its usefulness in supporting animal health and performance. In certain studies it is not clear what has been administered, and the composition and doses are not always clearly reported. A few studies reported no effects, but none reported problems connected to milk thistle administration. However, the overall picture shows that the use of milk thistle results in improved or restored health parameters or better animal performance.
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Cinnamaldehyde affects lipid droplets metabolism after adipogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2033-2039. [PMID: 36538173 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on our previous research conducted on cinnamaldehyde (CA) exhibiting its ability to improve the growth performance of fattening pigs and the adipogenesis induction model of C2C12 cells constructed in our laboratory, we explored the effects of CA on the generation and development of lipid droplets (LDs) in adipogenic differentiated C2C12 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS C2C12 cells were treated with either 0.4 mM or 0.8 mM CA. BODIPY staining and triglyceride measurements were conducted to observe the morphology of LDs, and Western blotting was used to measure the expression of their metabolism-related proteins. The results showed that the average number of LDs in the CA treatment groups was more than the control group (P < 0.05), whereas the average LD size and triglyceride content decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of fusion-related genes in the LDs of the CA treatment group significantly decreased, while decomposition-related genes and autophagy-related genes in the LDs in C2C12 cells significantly increased (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Cinnamaldehyde promoted the decomposition and autophagy of lipid droplets in C2C12 cells and inhibited the fusion of lipid droplets.
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Zhang C, Meng S, Li C, Yang Z, Wang G, Wang X, Ma Y. Primary Broiler Hepatocytes for Establishment of a Steatosis Model. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070316. [PMID: 35878333 PMCID: PMC9319065 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) in chickens is characterized by steatosis and bleeding in the liver, which has caused huge losses to the poultry industry. This study aimed to use primary cultured broiler hepatocytes to establish a steatosis model to explore the optimal conditions for inducing steatosis by incubating the cells with a fat emulsion. Primary hepatocytes were isolated from an AA broiler by a modified two-step in situ perfusion method. Hepatocytes were divided into an untreated control group and a fat emulsion group that was incubated with 2.5, 5, 10, or 20% fat emulsion for different times to determine the optimal conditions for inducing steatosis of primary hepatocytes. Incubation of the cells with 10% fat emulsion resulted in cell viability at 48 h of 67%, which was higher than the control group and met the requirements of the model. In the second experiment, steatosis was induced by incubating hepatocytes with 10% fat emulsion for 48 h. In consequence, the apoptosis rate decreased (p > 0.05) and the concentration of ALT (p < 0.001), AST (p < 0.01), and TG (p < 0.05) increased significantly; the expression level of SREBP-1c (p < 0.05) increased, and the expression levels of PPARα (p < 0.001), CPT1 (p < 0.001), and CPT2 (p < 0.05) were lower in the fat emulsion group than in the control group. In conclusion, the induction condition was selected as 10% fat emulsion incubation for 48 h, and we successfully established a fatty liver degeneration model for broilers.
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Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of TIPE1 in chicken (Gallus gallus): Its applications in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:905-916. [PMID: 35364192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein eight like 1 (TIPE1) plays important role in autophagy, immunity, and lipid metabolism. The potential role of TIPE1 in fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) is elusory. In the present study, the full-length coding sequence of TIPE1 was cloned, and the polyclonal antibody of TIPE1 was produced by the recombinant TIPE1 protein. The bioinformatic analysis showed that the chicken TIPE1 protein, which was predicted to be a hydrophobic and non-transmembrane protein without signal peptide was highly different from that of mammals. Furthermore, proceeded by using TIPE1 polyclonal antibody, the tissue distribution analysis showed that TIPE1 protein is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues in adult hens and chicks, with its level being higher in the liver and, spleen, moderate in intestinal, brain, and heart. Besides, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence observation demonstrated that TIPE1 mainly existed in the cytoplasm in liver, duodenum, and cecum cell. Notably, the TIPE1 expressions were significantly decreased in laying hens suffering from FLHS. Collectively, these results showed that the chicken TIPE1 polyclonal antibody was successfully prepared and further used to analyze the expression profiles of chicken. And the expression of TIPE1 was reduced in FLHS which provided the foundation for further investigation in FLHS.
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Osteocalcin prevents insulin resistance, hepatic inflammation, and activates autophagy associated with high-fat diet-induced fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in aged laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 100:73-83. [PMID: 33357709 PMCID: PMC7772703 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of osteocalcin (OCN) on fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in aged laying hens. Thirty 68-week-old White Plymouth laying hens were randomly assigned into conventional single-bird cages, and the cages were randomly allocated into one of 3 treatments (n = 10): normal diet (ND + vehicle, ND + V), high-fat diet (HFD + vehicle, HFD + V), and HFD + OCN (3 μg/bird, 1 time/2 d, i.m.) for 40 d. At day 30, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were performed. At the end of experiment, the hens were euthanized followed by blood collection. The plasma aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Pathological changes in the liver were examined under both light and transmission electron microscopes. The plasma inflammatory factors including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were analyzed by ELISA, and the gene expressions of these inflammatory factors in the liver were analyzed by real-time PCR. The level of oxidative stress was evaluated using malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) assay kits, respectively. The results showed that HFD + V hens had more severe liver hemorrhage and fibrosis than ND + V hens (P < 0.05). The ultramicrostructural examination showed that hepatocytes of HFD + V hens exhibited necrotic pyknosis showing great intracellular electron, mitochondrial swelling, shrunk nucleus, and absence of autolysosomes. Osteocalcin mitigated HFD + V-induced pathological changes in aged laying hens. High-fat diet + OCN hens had higher insulin sensitivity; lower liver concentrations of MDA (P = 0.12) but higher GSH-Px (P < 0.05); and lower blood TNF-α concentrations (P < 0.05) and mRNA expressions (P < 0.05) than HFD + V hens. These results suggest OCN functions in preventing the FLHS process in old laying hens through inhibiting excessive energy diet-induced metabolic disorder, oxidative stress, and related pathological damage.
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Transcriptional insights into key genes and pathways controlling muscle lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:863. [PMID: 31729950 PMCID: PMC6858653 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6221-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intramuscular fat (IMF) is one of the most important factors positively associated with meat quality. Triglycerides (TGs), as the main component of IMF, play an essential role in muscle lipid metabolism. This transcriptome analysis of pectoralis muscle tissue aimed to identify functional genes and biological pathways likely contributing to the extreme differences in the TG content of broiler chickens. Results The study included Jingxing-Huang broilers that were significantly different in TG content (5.81 mg/g and 2.26 mg/g, p < 0.01) and deposition of cholesterol also showed the same trend. This RNA sequencing analysis was performed on pectoralis muscle samples from the higher TG content group (HTG) and the lower TG content group (LTG) chickens. A total of 1200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between two groups, of which 59 DEGs were related to TG and steroid metabolism. The HTG chickens overexpressed numerous genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in pectoralis muscle tissue, including the key genes ADIPOQ, CD36, FABP4, FABP5, LPL, SCD, PLIN1, CIDEC and PPARG, as well as genes related to steroid biosynthesis (DHCR24, LSS, MSMO1, NSDHL and CH25H). Additionally, key pathways related to lipid storage and metabolism (the steroid biosynthesis and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway) may be the key pathways regulating differential lipid deposition between HTG group and LTG group. Conclusions This study showed that increased TG deposition accompanying an increase in steroid synthesis in pectoralis muscle tissue. Our findings of changes in gene expression of steroid biosynthesis and PPAR signaling pathway in HTG and LTG chickens provide insight into genetic mechanisms involved in different lipid deposition patterns in pectoralis muscle tissue.
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