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Gottardi F, Leardini D, Muratore E, Baccelli F, Cerasi S, Venturelli F, Zanaroli A, Belotti T, Prete A, Masetti R. Treatment of steroid-refractory graft versus host disease in children. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2023; 2:1251112. [PMID: 38993897 PMCID: PMC11235274 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2023.1251112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Systemic steroids are still the first-line approach in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD), and the backbone of chronic GvHD management. Refractoriness to steroid represent a major cause of morbidity and non-relapse mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In both backgrounds, several second-line immunosuppressive agents have been tested with variable results in terms of efficacy and toxicity. Solid evidence regarding these approaches is still lacking in the pediatric setting where results are mainly derived from adult experiences. Furthermore, the number of treated patients is limited and the incidence of acute and chronic GvHD is lower, resulting in a very heterogeneous approach to this complication by pediatric hematologists. Some conventional therapies and anti-cytokine monoclonal antibodies used in the adult setting have been evaluated in children. In recent years, the increasing understanding of the biological mechanisms underpinning the pathogenesis of GvHD justified the efforts toward the adoption of targeted therapies and non-pharmacologic approaches, with higher response rates and lower immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, many questions regarding the precise timing and setting in which to integrate these new approaches remain unanswered. This Review aims to critically explore the current evidence regarding novel approaches to treat SR-GvHD in pediatric HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gottardi
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Leardini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Muratore
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Baccelli
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Cerasi
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Venturelli
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zanaroli
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tamara Belotti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Prete
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Galati D, Zanotta S, Capone M, Madonna G, Mallardo D, Romanelli M, Simeone E, Festino L, Sparano F, Azzaro R, De Filippi R, Pinto A, Paulos CM, Ascierto PA. Potential clinical implications of CD4 +CD26 high T cells for nivolumab treated melanoma patients. J Transl Med 2023; 21:318. [PMID: 37170241 PMCID: PMC10176780 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nivolumab is an anti-PD1 antibody that has dramatically improved metastatic melanoma patients' outcomes. Nevertheless, many patients are resistant to PD-1 inhibition, occasionally experiencing severe off-target immune toxicity. In addition, no robust and reproducible biomarkers have yet been validated to identify the correct selection of patients who will benefit from anti-PD-1 treatment avoiding unwanted side effects. However, the strength of CD26 expression on CD4+ T lymphocytes permits the characterization of three subtypes with variable degrees of responsiveness to tumors, suggesting that the presence of CD26-expressing T cells in patients might be a marker of responsiveness to PD-1-based therapies. METHODS The frequency distribution of peripheral blood CD26-expressing cells was investigated employing multi-parametric flow cytometry in 69 metastatic melanoma patients along with clinical characteristics and blood count parameters at baseline (W0) and compared to 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Percentages of baseline CD4+CD26high T cells were correlated with the outcome after nivolumab treatment. In addition, the frequency of CD4+CD26high T cells at W0 was compared with those obtained after 12 weeks (W1) of therapy in a sub-cohort of 33 patients. RESULTS Circulating CD4+CD26high T cells were significantly reduced in melanoma patients compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.001). In addition, a significant association was observed between a low baseline percentage of CD4+CD26high T cells (< 7.3%) and clinical outcomes, measured as overall survival (p = 0.010) and progression-free survival (p = 0.014). Moreover, patients with clinical benefit from nivolumab therapy had significantly higher frequencies of circulating CD4+CD26high T cells than patients with non-clinical benefit (p = 0.004) at 12 months. Also, a higher pre-treatment proportion of circulating CD4+CD26high T cells was correlated with Disease Control Rate (p = 0.014) and best Overall Response Rate (p = 0.009) at 12 months. Interestingly, after 12 weeks (W1) of nivolumab treatment, percentages of CD4+CD26high T cells were significantly higher in comparison with the frequencies measured at W0 (p < 0.0001), aligning the cell counts with the ranges seen in the blood of healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study firstly demonstrates that peripheral blood circulating CD4+CD26high T lymphocytes represent potential biomarkers whose perturbations are associated with reduced survival and worse clinical outcomes in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Galati
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Zanotta
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Capone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Madonna
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Mallardo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Romanelli
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Simeone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Festino
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Azzaro
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria De Filippi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Degli Studi Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Chrystal M. Paulos
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Paolo A. Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma Cancer Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
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Insights into mechanisms of graft-versus-host disease through humanised mouse models. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231673. [PMID: 35993192 PMCID: PMC9446388 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication that occurs following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for the treatment of haematological cancers and other blood-related disorders. GVHD is an inflammatory disorder, where the transplanted donor immune cells can mediate an immune response against the recipient and attack host tissues. Despite over 60 years of research, broad-range immune suppression is still used to prevent or treat GVHD, leading to an increased risk of cancer relapse and infection. Therefore, further insights into the disease mechanisms and development of predictive and prognostic biomarkers are key to improving outcomes and reducing GVHD development following allogeneic HSCT. An important preclinical tool to examine the pathophysiology of GVHD and to understand the key mechanisms that lead to GVHD development are preclinical humanised mouse models. Such models of GVHD are now well-established and can provide valuable insights into disease development. This review will focus on models where human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are injected into immune-deficient non-obese diabetic (NOD)-scid-interleukin-2(IL-2)Rγ mutant (NOD-scid-IL2Rγnull) mice. Humanised mouse models of GVHD can mimic the clinical setting for GVHD development, with disease progression and tissues impacted like that observed in humans. This review will highlight key findings from preclinical humanised mouse models regarding the role of donor human immune cells, the function of cytokines and cell signalling molecules and their impact on specific target tissues and GVHD development. Further, specific therapeutic strategies tested in these preclinical models reveal key molecular pathways important in reducing the burden of GVHD following allogeneic HSCT.
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Therapeutic Perspectives of CD26 Inhibitors in Imune-Mediated Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144498. [PMID: 35889373 PMCID: PMC9321265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic activity of CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DPP4) is highlighted in multiple studies to play a vital role in glucose metabolism by cleaving and inactivating the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP) and gastric inhibitory protein (GIP). A large number of studies demonstrate that CD26 also plays an integral role in the immune system, particularly in T cell activation. CD26 is extensively expressed in immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. The enzymatic activity of CD26 cleaves and regulates numerous chomokines and cytokines. CD26 inhibitors have been widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, while it is still under investigation as a therapy for immune-mediated diseases. In addition, CD26’s involvement in cancer immunology was also described. The review aims to summarize the therapeutic effects of CD26 inhibitors on immune-mediated diseases, as well as the mechanisms that underpin them.
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A Promising Insight: The Potential Influence and Therapeutic Value of the Gut Microbiota in GI GVHD. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2124627. [PMID: 35571252 PMCID: PMC9098338 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2124627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a reconstruction process of hematopoietic and immune functions that can be curative in patients with hematologic malignancies, but it carries risks of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, cytomegalovirus infection, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), bronchiolitis obliterans, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GI GVHD), a common complication of allo-HSCT, is one of the leading causes of transplant-related death because of its high treatment difficulty, which is affected by preimplantation, antibiotic use, dietary changes, and intestinal inflammation. At present, human trials and animal studies have proven that a decrease in intestinal bacterial diversity is associated with the occurrence of GI GVHD. Metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, and secondary bile acids, can affect the development of GVHD through direct or indirect interactions with immune cells. The targeted damage of GVHD on intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and Paneth cells results in intestinal dysbiosis or dysbacteriosis. Based on the effect of microbiota metabolites on the gastrointestinal tract, the clinical treatment of GI GVHD can be further optimized. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of GI GVHD and the damage it causes to intestinal cells and we summarize recent studies on the relationship between intestinal microbiota and GVHD in the gastrointestinal tract, highlighting the role of intestinal microbiota metabolites in GI GVHD. We hope to elucidate strategies for immunomodulatory combined microbiota targeting in the clinical treatment of GI GVHD.
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Lia G, Di Vito C, Bruno S, Tapparo M, Brunello L, Santoro A, Mariotti J, Bramanti S, Zaghi E, Calvi M, Comba L, Fascì M, Giaccone L, Camussi G, Boyle EM, Castagna L, Evangelista A, Mavilio D, Bruno B. Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers of Acute Graft-vs.-Host Disease After Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation and Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide. Front Immunol 2022; 12:816231. [PMID: 35145514 PMCID: PMC8821147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.816231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with high-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) which was initially introduced for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prevention in the setting of HLA-haploidentical transplantation, both acute and chronic GvHDs remain a major clinical challenge. Despite improvements in the understanding of the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic GvHDs, reliable biomarkers that predict their onset have yet to be identified. We recently studied the potential correlation between extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the onset of acute (a)GvHD in transplant recipients from related and unrelated donors. In the present study, we further investigated the role of the expression profile of membrane proteins and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo (miRNA100, miRNA155, and miRNA194) in predicting the onset of aGvHD in haploidentical transplant recipients with PT-Cy. Thirty-two consecutive patients were included. We evaluated the expression profile of EVs, by flow cytometry, and their miRNA cargo, by real-time PCR, at baseline, prior, and at different time points following transplant. Using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models, a significant association between expression profiles of antigens such as CD146, CD31, CD140a, CD120a, CD26, CD144, and CD30 on EVs, and their miRNA cargo with the onset of aGvHD was observed. Moreover, we also investigated a potential correlation between EV expression profile and cargo with plasma biomarkers (e.g., ST2, sTNFR1, and REG3a) that had been associated with aGVHD previously. This analysis showed that the combination of CD146, sTNFR1, and miR100 or miR194 strongly correlated with the onset of aGvHD (AUROC >0.975). A large prospective multicenter study is currently in progress to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lucia Brunello
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Jacopo Mariotti
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Stefania Bramanti
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Michela Calvi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Comba
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Fascì
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Giaccone
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Eileen M. Boyle
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luca Castagna
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Evangelista
- Clinical Epidemiology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University (NYU) Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Benedetto Bruno,
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Punatar S, Kandekar S, Khattry N, Gokarn A, Prabhash K, Bakshi A, Rane P, Mathew L, Chiplunkar S, Kode J. CD26 expression on donor harvest as a risk predictive biomarker for developing graft-versus-host disease post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A ten-year follow-up study. Cancer Biomark 2022; 33:17-28. [PMID: 34334382 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the preferred treatment option for patients with several hematologic disorders and immunodeficiency syndromes. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an immune mediated post-transplant complication which has a major impact on long-term transplant outcomes. OBJECTIVE Current efforts are focused on identification of new markers that serve as potential predictors of GVHD and other post-transplant clinical outcomes. METHODS This study includes donor harvests collected from twenty-three allogeneic donors during period 2008-2009 and respective transplant recipients followed for clinical outcomes till March 2019. Percent CD26+ and CD34+ cells in donor harvest were analyzed using flow cytometry. Percent expression and infused dose of CD26+ and CD34+ cells were evaluated for association with various clinical outcomes. RESULTS Total 23 healthy donors with median age of 28 years (13 males), and transplant recipients with median age of 24 years (17 males) formed the study cohort. The diagnosis included malignant (n= 13) and non-malignant (n= 10) hematological disorders. Median CD34brCD45lo HSC expression was 0.57% (IQR 0.24-1.03) while median CD26 expression was 19.64% (IQR 8.96-33.56) of all nucleated cells. CD26 expression was associated with donor age (P= 0.037). CD26 percent expression correlated with WBC engraftment (P= 0.015) and with acute GVHD (P= 0.023) whereas infused CD26 cell dose correlated with WBC engraftment (P= 0.004) and risk of CMV reactivation (P= 0.020). There was no statistically significant correlation of either CD26 expression or cell dose with chronic GVHD, EFS or OS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a role of CD26 expression on human donor harvest as a potential predictor of acute GVHD. This association warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Punatar
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shruti Kandekar
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Navin Khattry
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Anant Gokarn
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Bakshi
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Hiranandani Hospital, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Unit, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Libin Mathew
- Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shubhada Chiplunkar
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Jyoti Kode
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
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8
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Abdelbasset WK, Sulaiman Rahman H, Bokov DO, Suksatan W, Thangavelu L, Ahmadi M, Malekahmadi M, Gheibihayat SM, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. A comprehensive review of IL-26 to pave a new way for a profound understanding of the pathobiology of cancer, inflammatory diseases and infections. Immunology 2021; 165:44-60. [PMID: 34716913 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are considered vital mediators of the immune system. Down- or upregulation of these mediators is linked to several inflammatory and pathologic situations. IL-26 is referred to as an identified member of the IL-10 family and IL-20 subfamily. Due to having a unique cationic structure, IL-26 exerts diverse functions in several diseases. Since IL-26 is mainly secreted from Th17, it is primarily considered a pro-inflammatory cytokine. Upon binding to its receptor complex (IL-10R1/IL-20R2), IL-26 activates multiple signalling mediators, especially STAT1/STAT3. In cancer, IL-26 induces IL-22-producing cells, which consequently decrease cytotoxic T-cell functions and promote tumour growth through activating anti-apoptotic proteins. In hypersensitivity conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and allergic disease, this cytokine functions primarily as the disease-promoting mediator and might be considered a biomarker for disease prognosis. Although IL-26 exerts antimicrobial function in infections such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and leprosy, it has also been shown that IL-26 might be involved in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of sepsis. Besides, the involvement of IL-26 has been confirmed in other conditions, including graft-versus-host disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, due to the multifarious function of this cytokine, it is proposed that the underlying mechanism regarding IL-26 function should be elucidated. Collectively, it is hoped that the examination of IL-26 in several contexts might be promising in predicting disease prognosis and might introduce novel approaches in the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Dmitry O Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha institute of medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Lutfi F, Wu L, Sunshine S, Cao X. Targeting the CD27-CD70 Pathway to Improve Outcomes in Both Checkpoint Immunotherapy and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715909. [PMID: 34630390 PMCID: PMC8493876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) represent two distinct modalities that offer a chance for long-term cure in a diverse array of malignancies and have experienced many breakthroughs in recent years. Herein, we review the CD27-CD70 co-stimulatory pathway and its therapeutic potential in 1) combination with checkpoint inhibitor and other immune therapies and 2) its potential ability to serve as a novel approach in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention. We further review recent advances in the understanding of GVHD as a complex immune phenomenon between donor and host immune systems, particularly in the early stages with mixed chimerism, and potential novel therapeutic approaches to prevent the development of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forat Lutfi
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Long Wu
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah Sunshine
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Ara T, Hashimoto D. Novel Insights Into the Mechanism of GVHD-Induced Tissue Damage. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713631. [PMID: 34512636 PMCID: PMC8429834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylaxis for and treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are essential for successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and mainly consist of immunosuppressants such as calcineurin inhibitors. However, profound immunosuppression can lead to tumor relapse and infectious complications, which emphasizes the necessity of developing novel management strategies for GVHD. Emerging evidence has revealed that tissue-specific mechanisms maintaining tissue homeostasis and promoting tissue tolerance to combat GVHD are damaged after allo-SCT, resulting in exacerbation and treatment refractoriness of GVHD. In the gastrointestinal tract, epithelial regeneration derived from intestinal stem cells (ISCs), a microenvironment that maintains healthy gut microbiota, and physical and chemical mucosal barrier functions against pathogens are damaged by conditioning regimens and/or GVHD. The administration of growth factors for cells that maintain intestinal homeostasis, such as interleukin-22 (IL-22) for ISCs, R-spondin 1 (R-Spo1) for ISCs and Paneth cells, and interleukin-25 (IL-25) for goblet cells, mitigates murine GVHD. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of GVHD-induced tissue damage and emerging strategies for the management of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Ara
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daigo Hashimoto
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Immunomodulatory Therapies for the Treatment of Graft-versus-host Disease. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e581. [PMID: 34095764 PMCID: PMC8171375 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative therapy for patients suffering from hematological malignancies, and its therapeutic success is based on the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect. Severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are life-threatening complications after allo-HCT. To date, most of the approved treatment strategies for GvHD rely on broadly immunosuppressive regimens, which limit the beneficial GvL effect by reducing the cytotoxicity of anti-leukemia donor T-cells. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies that rely on immunomodulatory rather than only immunosuppressive effects could help to improve patient outcomes. Treatments should suppress severe GvHD while preserving anti-leukemia immunity. New treatment strategies include the blockade of T-cell activation via inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and cluster of differentiation 28-mediated co-stimulation, reduction of proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α signaling, as well as kinase inhibition. Janus kinase (JAK)1/2 inhibition acts directly on T-cells, but also renders antigen presenting cells more tolerogenic and blocks dendritic cell-mediated T-cell activation and proliferation. Extracorporeal photopheresis, hypomethylating agent application, and low-dose IL-2 are powerful approaches to render the immune response more tolerogenic by regulatory T-cell induction. The transfer of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive cell populations, including mesenchymal stromal cells and regulatory T-cells, showed promising results in GvHD treatment. Novel experimental procedures are based on metabolic reprogramming of donor T-cells by reducing glycolysis, which is crucial for cytotoxic T-cell proliferation and activity.
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12
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Schmid F, Mayer C, Büttner-Herold M, von Hörsten S, Amann K, Daniel C. CD161a-positive natural killer (NK) cells and α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts were upregulated by extrarenal DPP4 in a rat model of acute renal rejection. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 173:108691. [PMID: 33549675 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Systemic inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) showed a protective effect in several transplant models. Here we assessed the specific role of extrarenal DPP4 in renal transplant rejection. METHODS Kidneys from wildtype (wt) F344 rats were either transplanted in wt Dark Agouti or congenic rats not expressing DPP4. The remaining, not transplanted donor kidney served as healthy controls. To investigate early inflammatory events rats were sacrificed 3 days after transplantation and kidneys were evaluated for inflammatory cells, capillary rarefaction, proliferation, apoptosis and myofibroblasts by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Capillary ERG-1-positive endothelial cells were significantly more abundant in renal cortex when transplanted into DPP4 deficient compared to wt recipients. In contrast, TGF-ß and myofibroblasts were reduced by more than 25% in kidneys transplanted into DPP4 deficient compared to wt recipients. Numbers of CD161a-positive NK-cells were significantly lower in allografts in DPP4 deficient compared to wt recipients. Numbers of all other investigated immune cells were not affected by the lack of extrarenal DPP4. CONCLUSION In early transplant rejection extrarenal DPP4 is involved in the recruitment of NK-cells and early fibrosis. Beneficial effects were less pronounced than reported for systemic DPP4 inhibition, indicating that renal DPP4 is an important player in transplantation-mediated injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schmid
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Mayer
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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13
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Luo X. Research Highlights. Transplantation 2021; 105:464-465. [PMID: 37779269 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunrong Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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14
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Pan K, Ohnuma K, Morimoto C, Dang NH. CD26/Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV and Its Multiple Biological Functions. Cureus 2021; 13:e13495. [PMID: 33777580 PMCID: PMC7990348 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD26/Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a cell surface glycoprotein with numerous roles including glucose metabolism, immunomodulation, and tumorigenesis. CD26/DPPIV is well recognized in diabetes, with DPPIV inhibitors being a class of oral hypoglycemic drugs called gliptins that are commonly used to treat type two diabetes mellitus. Recent work also indicated a potential role for CD26 in infectious diseases, including COVID-19, and immune-mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and graft-versus-host disease. In cancer, CD26/DPPIV expression has been characterized in numerous tumors such as hematologic malignancies, malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian (PLCO) cancer. Hence, CD26 has been frequently studied as a tumor biomarker and therapeutic target. CD26/DPPIV-targeted therapies have been evaluated in various cancers, including the use of anti-CD26 monoclonal antibodies as anticancer treatment in selected neoplasms. This review highlights our current understanding of the role of CD26 in cancer, diabetes, immune-mediated diseases, and infectious diseases. Enhanced understanding of CD26 biology and function may lead to novel therapeutic approaches in multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Pan
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Kei Ohnuma
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Juntendo University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Juntendo University, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Nam H Dang
- Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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15
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Farag SS, Abu Zaid M, Schwartz JE, Thakrar TC, Blakley AJ, Abonour R, Robertson MJ, Broxmeyer HE, Zhang S. Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition for Prophylaxis of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:11-19. [PMID: 33406328 PMCID: PMC7845486 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2027372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4; also known as CD26), a transmembrane receptor expressed on T cells, has a costimulatory function in activating T cells. In a mouse model, down-regulation of CD26 prevented graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) but preserved graft-versus-tumor effects. Whether inhibition of DPP-4 with sitagliptin may prevent acute GVHD after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation is not known. METHODS We conducted a two-stage, phase 2 clinical trial to test whether sitagliptin plus tacrolimus and sirolimus would reduce the incidence of grade II to IV acute GVHD from 30% to no more than 15% by day 100. Patients received myeloablative conditioning followed by mobilized peripheral-blood stem-cell transplants. Sitagliptin was given orally at a dose of 600 mg every 12 hours starting the day before transplantation until day 14 after transplantation. RESULTS A total of 36 patients who could be evaluated, with a median age of 46 years (range, 20 to 59), received transplants from matched related or unrelated donors. Acute GVHD occurred in 2 of 36 patients by day 100; the incidence of grade II to IV GVHD was 5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1 to 16), and the incidence of grade III or IV GVHD was 3% (95% CI, 0 to 12). Nonrelapse mortality was zero at 1 year. The 1-year cumulative incidences of relapse and chronic GVHD were 26% (95% CI, 13 to 41) and 37% (95% CI, 22 to 53), respectively. GVHD-free, relapse-free survival was 46% (95% CI, 29 to 62) at 1 year. Toxic effects were similar to those seen in patients undergoing allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS In this nonrandomized trial, sitagliptin in combination with tacrolimus and sirolimus resulted in a low incidence of grade II to IV acute GVHD by day 100 after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02683525.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S Farag
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., R.A., M.J.R., H.E.B., S.Z.), Indiana University Health (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., T.C.T., R.A., M.J.R.), and Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.S.F., A.J.B., H.E.B.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Mohammad Abu Zaid
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., R.A., M.J.R., H.E.B., S.Z.), Indiana University Health (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., T.C.T., R.A., M.J.R.), and Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.S.F., A.J.B., H.E.B.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Jennifer E Schwartz
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., R.A., M.J.R., H.E.B., S.Z.), Indiana University Health (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., T.C.T., R.A., M.J.R.), and Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.S.F., A.J.B., H.E.B.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Teresa C Thakrar
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., R.A., M.J.R., H.E.B., S.Z.), Indiana University Health (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., T.C.T., R.A., M.J.R.), and Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.S.F., A.J.B., H.E.B.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Ann J Blakley
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., R.A., M.J.R., H.E.B., S.Z.), Indiana University Health (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., T.C.T., R.A., M.J.R.), and Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.S.F., A.J.B., H.E.B.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Rafat Abonour
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., R.A., M.J.R., H.E.B., S.Z.), Indiana University Health (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., T.C.T., R.A., M.J.R.), and Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.S.F., A.J.B., H.E.B.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Michael J Robertson
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., R.A., M.J.R., H.E.B., S.Z.), Indiana University Health (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., T.C.T., R.A., M.J.R.), and Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.S.F., A.J.B., H.E.B.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., R.A., M.J.R., H.E.B., S.Z.), Indiana University Health (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., T.C.T., R.A., M.J.R.), and Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.S.F., A.J.B., H.E.B.) - all in Indianapolis
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- From the Indiana University School of Medicine (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., R.A., M.J.R., H.E.B., S.Z.), Indiana University Health (S.S.F., M.A.Z., J.E.S., T.C.T., R.A., M.J.R.), and Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center (S.S.F., A.J.B., H.E.B.) - all in Indianapolis
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16
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Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), develops in approximately 50% of patients. The primary treatment is high-dose systemic steroids, but treatment failure is common, and steroid-refractory (SR) GVHD is the leading cause of non-relapse mortality after allogeneic HCT. Ruxolitinib became the first treatment for SR GVHD to obtain US Food and Drug Administration approval, and other new treatments are actively being studied. We searched the literature using the PubMed database and clinical trials using ClinicalTrials.gov to identify the most promising new treatments for GVHD. In this review, we categorize potential new treatments for GVHD by their mechanism of action (e.g., antibodies that deplete T cells or prevent their trafficking to target tissues, proteasome inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and other agents) and summarize the results from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Kasikis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aaron Etra
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - John E Levine
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Boucault L, Lopez Robles MD, Thiolat A, Bézie S, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Braudeau C, Vimond N, Freuchet A, Autrusseau E, Charlotte F, Redjoul R, Beckerich F, Leclerc M, Piaggio E, Josien R, Volk HD, Maury S, Cohen JL, Anegon I, Guillonneau C. Transient antibody targeting of CD45RC inhibits the development of graft-versus-host disease. Blood Adv 2020; 4:2501-2515. [PMID: 32511714 PMCID: PMC7284095 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a widely spread treatment of many hematological diseases, but its most important side effect is graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Despite the development of new therapies, acute GVHD (aGVHD) occurs in 30% to 50% of allogeneic BMT and is characterized by the generation of effector T (Teff) cells with production of inflammatory cytokines. We previously demonstrated that a short anti-CD45RC monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment in a heart allograft rat model transiently decreased CD45RChigh Teff cells and increased regulatory T cell (Treg) number and function allowing long-term donor-specific tolerance. Here, we demonstrated in rat and mouse allogeneic GVHD, as well as in xenogeneic GVHD mediated by human T cells in NSG mice, that both ex vivo depletion of CD45RChigh T cells and in vivo treatment with short-course anti-CD45RC mAbs inhibited aGVHD. In the rat model, we demonstrated that long surviving animals treated with anti-CD45RC mAbs were fully engrafted with donor cells and developed a donor-specific tolerance. Finally, we validated the rejection of a human tumor in NSG mice infused with human cells and treated with anti-CD45RC mAbs. The anti-human CD45RC mAbs showed a favorable safety profile because it did not abolish human memory antiviral immune responses, nor trigger cytokine release in in vitro assays. Altogether, our results show the potential of a prophylactic treatment with anti-human CD45RC mAbs in combination with rapamycin as a new therapy to treat aGVHD without abolishing the antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Boucault
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, INSERM/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO), LabEx, Nantes, France
| | - Maria-Dolores Lopez Robles
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, INSERM/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO), LabEx, Nantes, France
| | - Allan Thiolat
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Creteil, France
| | - Séverine Bézie
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, INSERM/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO), LabEx, Nantes, France
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin/Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cécile Braudeau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, INSERM/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO), LabEx, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre d'Immunomonitorage Nantes Atlantique (CIMNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nadège Vimond
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, INSERM/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO), LabEx, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Freuchet
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, INSERM/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO), LabEx, Nantes, France
| | - Elodie Autrusseau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, INSERM/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO), LabEx, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Charlotte
- Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Rabah Redjoul
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service d'Hematologie Clinique, Creteil, France
| | - Florence Beckerich
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service d'Hematologie Clinique, Creteil, France
| | - Mathieu Leclerc
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service d'Hematologie Clinique, Creteil, France
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service d'Hematologie Clinique, Creteil, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris Sciences & Lettres (PSL) Research University, U932, INSERM, Paris, France; and
| | - Regis Josien
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, INSERM/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO), LabEx, Nantes, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre d'Immunomonitorage Nantes Atlantique (CIMNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin/Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sébastien Maury
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Service d'Hematologie Clinique, Creteil, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Université Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire Chenevier Mondor, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biotherapie, Creteil, France
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, INSERM/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO), LabEx, Nantes, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Institut de Transplantation Urologie-Néphrologie (ITUN), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, INSERM/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology (IGO), LabEx, Nantes, France
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18
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Treatment of steroid resistant acute graft versus host disease with an anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody-Begelomab. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 55:1580-1587. [PMID: 32203257 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-0855-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have treated 69 patients with steroid refractory acute graft versus host disease (SR-aGvHD), with an anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody (Begelomab): 28 patients in two prospective studies (EudraCT No. 2007-005809-21; EudraCT No. 2012-001353-19), and 41 patients on a compassionate use study. The median age of patients was 42 and 44 years; the severity of GvHD was as follows: grade II in 8 patients, grade III in 33, and grade IV in 28 patients. There were no adverse events directly attributable to the antibody. Day 28 response was 75% in the prospective studies and 61% in the compassionate use patients, with complete response rates of 11 and 12%. Response for grade III GvHD was 83 and 73% in the two groups; response in grade IV GvHD was 66 and 56% in the two groups. Non relapse mortality (NRM) at 6 months was 28 and 38%. Overall there were 64, 56, 68% responses for skin, liver, and gut stage 3-4 GvHD. The overall survival at 1 year was 50% for the prospective studies and 33% for the compassionate use patients. In conclusion, Begelomab induces over 60% responses in SR-aGvHD, including patients with severe gut and liver GvHD, having failed one or more lines of treatment.
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19
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Mrazek F. Systemic biomarkers of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome—Brief introduction. HLA 2019; 94 Suppl 2:25-29. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Mrazek
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and DentistryPalacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
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20
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Tripathi T, Yin W, Xue Y, Zurawski S, Fujita H, Hanabuchi S, Liu YJ, Oh S, Joo H. Central Roles of OX40L-OX40 Interaction in the Induction and Progression of Human T Cell-Driven Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:110-120. [PMID: 31240276 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the major obstacles for the success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, we report that the interaction between OX40L and OX40 is of critical importance for both induction and progression of acute GVHD (aGVHD) driven by human T cells. Anti-human OX40L monoclonal antibody (hOX40L) treatment could thus effectively reduce the disease severity in a xenogeneic-aGVHD (x-aGVHD) model in both preventative and therapeutic modes. Mechanistically, blocking OX40L-OX40 interaction with an anti-hOX40L antibody reduces infiltration of human T cells in target organs, including liver, gut, lung, and skin. It also decreases IL-21- and TNF-producing T cell responses, while promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) responses without compromising the cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells. Single blockade of hOX40L was thus more effective than dual blockade of IL-21 and TNF in reducing the severity of aGVHD as well as mortality. Data from this study indicate that OX40L-OX40 interactions play a central role in the pathogenesis of aGVHD induced by human T cells. Therapeutic strategies that can efficiently interrupt OX40L-OX40 interaction in patients might have potential to provide patients with an improved clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trivendra Tripathi
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259.,Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and
| | - Wenjie Yin
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and
| | - Yaming Xue
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and
| | - Sandra Zurawski
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and
| | - Haruyuki Fujita
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and
| | - Shino Hanabuchi
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and.,Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 01701
| | - SangKon Oh
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259.,Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259; .,Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX 75204; and
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21
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Brehm MA, Kenney LL, Wiles MV, Low BE, Tisch RM, Burzenski L, Mueller C, Greiner DL, Shultz LD. Lack of acute xenogeneic graft- versus-host disease, but retention of T-cell function following engraftment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in NSG mice deficient in MHC class I and II expression. FASEB J 2019; 33:3137-3151. [PMID: 30383447 PMCID: PMC6404556 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800636r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunodeficient mice engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) support preclinical studies of human pathogens, allograft rejection, and human T-cell function. However, a major limitation of PBMC engraftment is development of acute xenogeneic graft- versus-host disease (GVHD) due to human T-cell recognition of murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC). To address this, we created 2 NOD- scid IL-2 receptor subunit γ ( IL2rg) null (NSG) strains that lack murine MHC class I and II [NSG-β-2-microglobulin ( B2M) null ( IA IE)null and NSG -( Kb Db) null ( IAnull)]. We observed rapid human IgG clearance in NSG- B2Mnull ( IA IE) null mice whereas clearance in NSG -( Kb Db) null ( IAnull) mice and NSG mice was comparable. Injection of human PBMCs into both strains enabled long-term engraftment of human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells without acute GVHD. Engrafted human T-cell function was documented by rejection of human islet allografts. Administration of human IL-2 to NSG -( Kb Db) null ( IAnull) mice via adeno-associated virus vector increased human CD45+ cell engraftment, including an increase in human regulatory T cells. However, high IL-2 levels also induced the development of GVHD. These data document that NSG mice deficient in murine MHC support studies of human immunity in the absence of acute GVHD and enable evaluation of human antibody therapeutics targeting human T cells.-Brehm, M. A., Kenney, L. L., Wiles, M. V., Low, B. E., Tisch, R. M., Burzenski, L., Mueller, C., Greiner, D. L., Shultz, L. D. Lack of acute xenogeneic graft- versus-host disease, but retention of T-cell function following engraftment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in NSG mice deficient in MHC class I and II expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Brehm
- Diabetes Center of Excellence University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurie L. Kenney
- Diabetes Center of Excellence University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Roland M. Tisch
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; and
| | | | - Christian Mueller
- Department of Pediatrics and Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dale L. Greiner
- Diabetes Center of Excellence University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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In Vitro Th17-Polarized Human CD4 + T Cells Exacerbate Xenogeneic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 25:204-215. [PMID: 30326279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The role of Th17 cells in its pathophysiology remains a matter of debate. In this study, we assessed whether enrichment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with in vitro Th17-polarized CD4+ T cells would exacerbate xenogeneic GVHD (xGVHD) into NOD-scid IL-2Rγ null (NSG) mice. Naive human CD4+ T cells were stimulated under Th17-skewing conditions for 8 to 10 days and then coinjected in NSG mice with fresh PBMCs from the same donor. We observed that Th17-polarized cells engrafted and migrated toward xGVHD target organs. They also acquired a double-expressing IL-17A+IFNγ+ profile in vivo. Importantly, cotransfer of Th17-polarized cells (1 × 106) with PBMCs (1 × 106) exacerbated xGVHD compared with transplantation of PBMCs alone (2 × 106). Furthermore, PBMC cotransfer with Th17-polarized cells was more potent for xGVHD induction than cotransfer with naive CD4+ T cells stimulated in nonpolarizing conditions (Th0 cells, 1 × 106 + 1 × 106 PBMCs) or with Th1-polarized cells (1 × 106 + 1 × 106 PBMCs). In summary, our results suggest that human Th17-polarized cells can cooperate with PBMCs and be pathogenic in the NSG xGVHD model.
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23
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CD26 - The emerging role of a costimulatory molecule in allograft rejection. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 17:1208-1209. [PMID: 29622798 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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24
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Delayed allogeneic skin graft rejection in CD26-deficient mice. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:557-567. [PMID: 29572550 PMCID: PMC6804736 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is an effective therapeutic tool for treating many terminal diseases. However, one of the biggest challenges of transplantation is determining how to achieve the long-term survival of the allogeneic or xenogeneic transplant by, for example, preventing transplant rejection. In the current study, CD26 gene-knockout mice were used to investigate the potential role of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV) in allogeneic skin graft rejection by tail-skin transplantation. Compared with wild-type (CD26+/+) counterparts, CD26-/- mice showed reduced necrosis of grafts and delayed graft rejection after skin transplantation. Concentrations of serum IgG, including its subclasses IgG1 and IgG2a, were significantly reduced in CD26-/- mice during graft rejection. Moreover, after allogeneic skin transplantation, the secretion levels of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 were significantly reduced, whereas the level of the cytokine IL-10 was increased in the serum of CD26-/- mice compared with that in the serum of CD26+/+ mice. Additionally, the concentration of IL-17 in serum and the percentage of cells secreting IL-17 in mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes (MPBLs) were both significantly lower, while the percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was significantly higher in MPBLs of CD26-/- mice than in those of CD26+/+ mice. Furthermore, a lower percentage of CD8+ T cells in MPBLs and fewer infiltrated macrophages and T cells in graft tissues of CD26-/- mice were detected during graft rejection. These results indicate that CD26 is involved in allogeneic skin graft rejection and provides another hint that CD26 deficiency leads to less rejection due to lower activation and proliferation of host immune cells.
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. No effective vaccine is available to prevent HIV transmission, and although antiretroviral therapy can prevent disease progression, it does not cure HIV infection. Substantial effort is therefore currently directed toward basic research on HIV pathogenesis and persistence and developing methods to stop the spread of the HIV epidemic and cure those individuals already infected with HIV. Humanized mice are versatile tools for the study of HIV and its interaction with the human immune system. These models generally consist of immunodeficient mice transplanted with human cells or reconstituted with a near-complete human immune system. Here, we describe the major humanized mouse models currently in use, and some recent advances that have been made in HIV research/therapeutics using these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Marsden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095;
| | - Jerome A Zack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095;
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Burlion A, Brunel S, Petit NY, Olive D, Marodon G. Targeting the Human T-Cell Inducible COStimulator Molecule with a Monoclonal Antibody Prevents Graft-vs-Host Disease and Preserves Graft vs Leukemia in a Xenograft Murine Model. Front Immunol 2017; 8:756. [PMID: 28713380 PMCID: PMC5491549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Targeting costimulatory molecules with antagonist antibodies could dampen the excessive immune response that occurs, while preserving the beneficial graft vs leukemia (GVL) of the allogeneic response. Previous studies using a mouse model of GVHD have shown that targeting the T-cell Inducible COStimulator (ICOS, CD278) molecule is beneficial, but it is unclear whether the same applies to human cells. METHODS Here, we assessed whether a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to human ICOS was able to antagonize the costimulatory signal delivered in vivo to human T cells. To test this hypothesis, we used a xenogeneic model of GVHD where human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were adoptively transferred in immunocompromised NOD.SCID.gc-null mice (NSG). RESULTS In this model, control mice invariably lost weight and died by day 50. In contrast, 65% of the mice receiving a single injection of the anti-hICOS mAb survived beyond 100 days. Moreover, a significant improvement in survival was obtained in a curative xeno-GVHD setting. Mechanistically, administration of the anti-hICOS mAb was associated with a strong reduction in perivascular infiltrates in liver and lungs and reduction in frequencies and numbers of human T cells in the spleen. In addition, the mAb prevented T-cell expansion in the blood during xeno-GVHD. Importantly, GVHD-protected mice retained the ability to control the P815 mastocytoma cell line, mimicking GVL in humans. CONCLUSION A mAb-targeting human ICOS alleviated GVHD without impairing GVL in a xenograft murine model. Thus, ICOS represents a promising target in the management of BMT, preventing GVHD while preserving GVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Burlion
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-PARIS (Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses), INSERM U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Paris, France
| | - Simon Brunel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-PARIS (Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses), INSERM U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Y Petit
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-PARIS (Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses), INSERM U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Marodon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-PARIS (Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses), INSERM U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Paris, France
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27
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Ni X, Song Q, Cassady K, Deng R, Jin H, Zhang M, Dong H, Forman S, Martin PJ, Chen YZ, Wang J, Zeng D. PD-L1 interacts with CD80 to regulate graft-versus-leukemia activity of donor CD8+ T cells. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1960-1977. [PMID: 28414296 PMCID: PMC5409099 DOI: 10.1172/jci91138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) interacts with programmed death-1 (PD-1) and the immunostimulatory molecule CD80 and functions as a checkpoint to regulate immune responses. The interaction of PD-L1 with CD80 alone has been shown to exacerbate the severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), whereas costimulation of CD80 and PD-1 ameliorates GVHD. Here we have demonstrated that temporary depletion of donor CD4+ T cells early after hematopoietic cell transplantation effectively prevents GVHD while preserving strong graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects in allogeneic and xenogeneic murine GVHD models. Depletion of donor CD4+ T cells increased serum IFN-γ but reduced IL-2 concentrations, leading to upregulation of PD-L1 expression by recipient tissues and donor CD8+ T cells. In GVHD target tissues, the interactions of PD-L1 with PD-1 on donor CD8+ T cells cause anergy, exhaustion, and apoptosis, thereby preventing GVHD. In lymphoid tissues, the interactions of PD-L1 with CD80 augment CD8+ T cell expansion without increasing anergy, exhaustion, or apoptosis, resulting in strong GVL effects. These results indicate that the outcome of PD-L1-mediated signaling in CD8+ T cells depends on the presence or absence of CD4+ T cells, the nature of the interacting receptor expressed by CD8+ T cells, and the tissue environment in which the signaling occurs.
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28
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Zhang L, Chu J, Yu J, Wei W. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in graft-versus-host disease. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:279-87. [PMID: 26643713 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ru0615-254rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease is a complication in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Graft-versus-host disease includes acute graft-versus-host disease and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Host APCs (e.g., dendritic cells and macrophages), effector T cells (e.g., Th1, Th17, and abnormal Th17:regulatory T cell ratio), B cells, and NK cells are implicated in graft-versus-host disease physiopathology. Proinflammation cytokines (e.g., IL-17, IL-1β, and TNF-α) are increased in graft-versus-host disease . Costimulatory molecules play an important role in inducing graft-versus-host disease . Pattern-recognition receptors, such as TLRs and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, are critically involved in the pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease . Complement system C3 mediates Th1/Th17 polarization in human T cell activation and skin graft-versus-host disease. Accumulation of CD26 T cells in graft-versus-host disease target organs was found. As a therapeutic target, soluble CD83 molecules or antibodies have been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects against graft-versus-host disease, and signaling molecules promote the inflammatory and immune process of graft-versus-host disease . These immune cells and molecules could be the predictors of graft-versus-host disease development and the drug targets of the treatments for graft-versus-host disease. This article focuses on major advances on cellular and molecular mechanisms in graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- *Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; and Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianhong Chu
- *Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; and Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- *Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; and Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- *Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Antiinflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; and Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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29
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Radaelli E, Hermans E, Omodho L, Francis A, Vander Borght S, Marine JC, van den Oord J, Amant F. Spontaneous Post-Transplant Disorders in NOD.Cg- Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Sug/JicTac (NOG) Mice Engrafted with Patient-Derived Metastatic Melanomas. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124974. [PMID: 25996609 PMCID: PMC4440639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) approach is nowadays considered a reliable preclinical model to study in vivo cancer biology and therapeutic response. NOD scid and Il2rg-deficient mice represent the "gold standard" host for the generation of PDTXs. Compared to other immunocompromised murine lines, these mice offers several advantages including higher engraftment rate, longer lifespan and improved morphological and molecular preservation of patient-derived neoplasms. Here we describe a spectrum of previously uncharacterized post-transplant disorders affecting 14/116 (12%) NOD.Cg- Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Sug/JicTac (NOG) mice subcutaneously engrafted with patient-derived metastatic melanomas. Affected mice exhibited extensive scaling/crusting dermatitis (13/14) associated with emaciation (13/14) and poor/unsuccessful tumor engraftment (14/14). In this context, the following pathological conditions have been recognized and characterized in details: (i) immunoinflammatory disorders with features of graft versus host disease (14/14); (ii) reactive lymphoid infiltrates effacing xenografted tumors (8/14); (iii) post-transplant B cell lymphomas associated with Epstein-Barr virus reactivation (2/14). We demonstrate that all these entities are driven by co-transplanted human immune cells populating patient-derived tumor samples. Since the exploding interest in the utilization of NOD scid and Il2rg-deficient mice for the establishment of PDTX platforms, it is of uppermost importance to raise the awareness of the limitations associated with this model. The disorders here described adversely impact tumor engraftment rate and animal lifespan, potentially representing a major confounding factor in the context of efficacy and personalized therapy studies. The occurrence of these conditions in the NOG model reflects the ability of this mouse line to promote efficient engraftment of human immune cells. Co-transplanted human lymphoid cells have indeed the potential to colonize the recipient mouse initiating the post-transplant conditions here reported. On the other hand, the evidence of an immune response of human origin against the xenotransplanted melanoma opens intriguing perspectives for the establishment of suitable preclinical models of anti-melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Radaelli
- VIB11 Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
- InfraMouse, KU Leuven-VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Hermans
- Gynaecological Oncology, UZ Leuven—Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorna Omodho
- VIB11 Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Francis
- VIB11 Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
- InfraMouse, KU Leuven-VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vander Borght
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospitals of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB11 Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Gynaecological Oncology, UZ Leuven—Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ohnuma K, Hatano R, Aune TM, Otsuka H, Iwata S, Dang NH, Yamada T, Morimoto C. Regulation of pulmonary graft-versus-host disease by IL-26+CD26+CD4 T lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3697-712. [PMID: 25786689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obliterative bronchiolitis is a potentially life-threatening noninfectious pulmonary complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the only pathognomonic manifestation of pulmonary chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). In the current study, we identified a novel effect of IL-26 on transplant-related obliterative bronchiolitis. Sublethally irradiated NOD/Shi-scidIL2rγ(null) mice transplanted with human umbilical cord blood (HuCB mice) gradually developed clinical signs of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) such as loss of weight, ruffled fur, and alopecia. Histologically, lung of HuCB mice exhibited obliterative bronchiolitis with increased collagen deposition and predominant infiltration with human IL-26(+)CD26(+)CD4 T cells. Concomitantly, skin manifested fat loss and sclerosis of the reticular dermis in the presence of apoptosis of the basilar keratinocytes, whereas the liver exhibited portal fibrosis and cholestasis. Moreover, although IL-26 is absent from rodents, we showed that IL-26 increased collagen synthesis in fibroblasts and promoted lung fibrosis in a murine GVHD model using IL-26 transgenic mice. In vitro analysis demonstrated a significant increase in IL-26 production by HuCB CD4 T cells following CD26 costimulation, whereas Ig Fc domain fused with the N-terminal of caveolin-1 (Cav-Ig), the ligand for CD26, effectively inhibited production of IL-26. Administration of Cav-Ig before or after onset of GVHD impeded the development of clinical and histologic features of GVHD without interrupting engraftment of donor-derived human cells, with preservation of the graft-versus-leukemia effect. These results therefore provide proof of principle that cGVHD of the lungs is caused in part by IL-26(+)CD26(+)CD4 T cells, and that treatment with Cav-Ig could be beneficial for cGVHD prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ohnuma
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ryo Hatano
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Thomas M Aune
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Haruna Otsuka
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwata
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nam H Dang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
| | - Taketo Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
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31
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Hatano R, Ohnuma K, Otsuka H, Komiya E, Taki I, Iwata S, Dang NH, Okumura K, Morimoto C. CD26-mediated induction of EGR2 and IL-10 as potential regulatory mechanism for CD26 costimulatory pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:960-72. [PMID: 25548232 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD26 is associated with T cell signal transduction processes as a costimulatory molecule, and CD26(+) T cells have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of diverse autoimmune diseases. Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in CD26-mediated T cell activation have been extensively evaluated by our group and others, potential negative feedback mechanisms to regulate CD26-mediated activation still remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we examine the expression of inhibitory molecules induced via CD26-mediated costimulation. We show that coengagement of CD3 and CD26 induces preferential production of IL-10 in human CD4(+) T cells, mediated through NFAT and Raf-MEK-ERK pathways. A high level of early growth response 2 (EGR2) is also induced following CD26 costimulation, possibly via NFAT and AP-1-mediated signaling, and knockdown of EGR2 leads to decreased IL-10 production. Furthermore, CD3/CD26-stimulated CD4(+) T cells clearly suppress proliferative activity and effector cytokine production of bystander T cells in an IL-10-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that robust CD26 costimulatory signaling induces preferential expression of EGR2 and IL-10 as a potential mechanism for regulating CD26-mediated activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hatano
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; and
| | - Kei Ohnuma
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Haruna Otsuka
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eriko Komiya
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Izumi Taki
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwata
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nam H Dang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; and
| | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
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Oelkrug C, Sack U, Boldt A, Nascimento IC, Ulrich H, Fricke S. Antibody- and aptamer-strategies for GvHD prevention. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:11-20. [PMID: 25353670 PMCID: PMC4288345 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention of Graft-versus-Host-Disease (GvHD) by preserved Graft-versus-Leukaemia (GvL) effect is one of the major obstacles following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Currently used drugs are associated with side effects and were not able to separate GvHD from the GvL-effect because of general T-cell suppression. This review focuses on murine models for GvHD and currently available treatment options involving antibodies and applications for the therapeutic use of aptamers as well as strategies for targeting immune responses by allogenic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Oelkrug
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
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Filippini P, Rutella S. Recent advances on cellular therapies and immune modulators for graft-versus-host disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:1357-74. [PMID: 25196777 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.955475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is counterbalanced by the occurrence of life-threatening immune-mediated complications, such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a multistep disease which is reportedly fatal to approximately 15% of transplant recipients. It is now established that T-cell-dendritic cell interactions, T-cell activation, release of proinflammatory cytokines and T-cell trafficking partake in GVHD pathogenesis. This article will focus on the most recent strategies aimed at preventing/treating GVHD by manipulating components of the innate and adaptive immune response from both the donor and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Filippini
- Department of Systems Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Ohnuma K, Saito T, Hatano R, Hosono O, Iwata S, Dang NH, Ninomiya H, Morimoto C. Comparison of two commercial ELISAs against an in-house ELISA for measuring soluble CD26 in human serum. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 29:106-11. [PMID: 24687574 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD26 is a T-cell costimulatory molecule with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity in its extracellular region. The relevance of sCD26 levels and disease activity has been reported in rheumatic or infectious disease. For certain metabolic and endocrine conditions, DPPIV inhibitors were recently developed as a new class of antidiabetic drugs that act by inhibiting DPPIV, the enzyme that inactivates incretin hormone. Higher levels of sCD26 in diabetic patients have been shown to be associated with a poor clinical response to DPPIV inhibitors, with sCD26/DPPIV being an adipokine that may impair insulin sensitivity. With the increasing use of serum sCD26 and DPPIV enzyme activity as biomarkers with potential clinical implications, accurate measurements of serum sCD26 levels and DPPIV enzyme activity are needed. METHODS We compare two commercially widely available and an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for measurement of serum sCD26 in healthy or diabetic human sera. RESULTS The significant discrepancies among the results obtained from commercially available and the in-house sCD26 assays were found. We also observed that a linear correlation between serum sCD26 level and DPPIV enzyme activity exists with the in-house ELISA, while the commercial ELISAs demonstrate a lack of consistency between serum sCD26 level and DPPIV enzyme activity. CONCLUSION These data strongly suggest that new commercial assays for sCD26 plasma levels need detailed evaluation and validation with samples from clinically well-characterized patients, and results obtained from these newer assays should be compared to those obtained from well-established in-house assays such as our assay or other validated sCD26 ELISA assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ohnuma
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hatano R, Yamada T, Matsuoka S, Iwata S, Yamazaki H, Komiya E, Okamoto T, Dang NH, Ohnuma K, Morimoto C. Establishment of monoclonal anti-human CD26 antibodies suitable for immunostaining of formalin-fixed tissue. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:30. [PMID: 24502396 PMCID: PMC3944398 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A T cell costimulatory molecule with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity in its extracellular region, CD26 is a multifunctional molecule associated with various proteins such as adenosine deaminase, caveolin-1, CXCR4, collagen, and fibronectin, while playing an important role in the regulation of inflammatory responses and tumor biology. We have focused on CD26 as a novel therapeutic target for various tumors and immune disorders, and have developed a humanized anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody (mAb), YS110, which is currently being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial for patients with CD26-expressing tumors, including malignant mesothelioma. Since detection of tumor CD26 expression is required for determining potential eligibility for YS110 therapy, the development of anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues is critical. Methods To develop novel anti-CD26 mAbs capable of binding to the denatured CD26, we immunized mice with CD26 protein denatured in urea buffer. After the fusion of splenocytes and myeloma cells, the mAbs were screened for specific reactivity with human CD26 by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry. The binding competitiveness of novel anti-CD26 mAbs with the humanized anti-CD26 mAb YS110 was also examined. Results We have succeeded in developing novel anti-human CD26 mAbs suitable for immunohistochemical staining of CD26 in formalin-fixed tissue sections with reliable clarity and intensity. Importantly, some of these mAbs exhibit no cross-reactivity with the humanized anti-CD26 mAb. Conclusions These novel mAbs are potentially useful as companion diagnostic agents to analyze CD26 expression in the clinical setting while advancing future CD26-related research. Virtual slides The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5987140221097729
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chikao Morimoto
- Department of Therapy Development and Innovation for Immune Disorders and Cancers, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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