1
|
Rey Velasco E, Pedersen HS, Laursen DH, Skinner T. A meta-narrative review of coding tools for healthcare interactions and their applicability to written communication. PEC INNOVATION 2023; 3:100211. [PMID: 37711399 PMCID: PMC10498410 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Although healthcare professionals (HCP) undergo communicative skills training, these are sometimes unsatisfactory for patients (empathy, discussion managing). Existing coding tools overlook the interaction and patients' responses. Meanwhile, remote consultations are redefining communication channels. While some researchers adapt those tools to telehealth, few investigate written interactions. Objective To identify and evaluate coding tools for healthcare interactions and examine their suitability for written interactions. Methods We conducted a meta-narrative review in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus databases up to December 2022 with Communicati* AND Human* AND Linguistic* AND Professional-Patient Relation* as search terms. We extracted data regarding methodology, unit of analysis (UoA), coding categories, reliability, strengths, weaknesses, and inter-rater reliability (IRR). Results We identified 11 mixed-methods tools. Qualitatively, coding dimension was focused (n = 6) or comprehensive (n = 5). Main quantitative methods were descriptive statistics (n = 4) and cross-tabulations (n = 4). Main UoA was utterance (n = 7). Relevant categories were processes (n = 4), content (n = 3), emotional expressions and responses (n = 3), and grammatical format (n = 2). IRR ranged from 0.68 to 0.85 for coding categories. Conclusion Despite similarities, category terminologies were inconsistent, one-sided, and mostly covered conversation topics and behaviours. A tool with emotional and grammar categories could bridge the gap between a speaker's intended meaning and the receiver's interpretation to enhance patient-HCP communication. Furthermore, we need empirical research to determine whether these tools are suitable for written interactions. Innovation This review presents a comprehensive and state-of-the-art overview of healthcare interactions' coding tools and identifies their barriers. Our findings will support communication researchers in selecting appropriate coding tools for evaluating health interactions and enhancing HCP training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rey Velasco
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Liva Healthcare, Danneskiold-Samsøes Allé 41, 1434, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Hanne Sæderup Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | | | - Timothy Skinner
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McKay RC, Giroux EE, Baxter KL, Casemore S, Clarke TY, McBride CB, Sweet SN, Gainforth HL. Investigating the peer Mentor-Mentee relationship: characterizing peer mentorship conversations between people with spinal cord injury. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:962-973. [PMID: 35343358 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2046184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to: (1) develop a coding manual to characterize topics discussed and conversation techniques used during peer mentorship conversations between people with spinal cord injury (SCI); (2) assess the reliability of the manual; and (3) apply the manual to characterize conversations. MATERIALS/METHODS The study was conducted in partnership with three Canadian provincial SCI organizations. Twenty-five phone conversations between SCI peer mentors and mentees were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Ten transcripts were inductively analyzed to develop a coding manual identifying topics and techniques used during the conversations. Inductive technique codes were combined and deductively linked to motivational interviewing and behaviour change techniques. Two coders independently applied the coding manual to all transcripts. Code frequencies were calculated. RESULTS The coding manual included 14 topics and 31 techniques. The most frequently coded topics were personal information, recreational programs, and chronic health services for mentors and mentees. The most frequently coded techniques were giving personal information, social smoothers, and closed question for mentors; and giving personal information, social smoothers, and sharing perspective for mentees. CONCLUSION This research provides insights into topics and techniques used during real-world peer mentorship conversations. Findings may be valuable for understanding and improving SCI peer mentorship programs.Implications for RehabilitationSCI peer mentorship conversations address a wide range of rehabilitation topics ranging from acute care to living in the community.Identification of the topics discussed, and techniques used in SCI peer mentorship conversations can help to inform formalized efforts to train and educate acute and community-based rehabilitation professionals.Identifying commonly discussed topics in SCI peer mentorship conversation may help to ensure that peer mentors are equipped with the necessary knowledge and resources, or the development of those resources be prioritized.Developing a method to characterize the topics discussed and techniques used during SCI peer mentorship conversations may aid in designing methods to evaluate how rehabilitation professionals provide support to people with SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhyann C McKay
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Emily E Giroux
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kristy L Baxter
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Shane N Sweet
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Heather L Gainforth
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hoekstra F, Martin Ginis KA, Collins D, Dinwoodie M, Ma JK, Gaudet S, Rakiecki D, Gainforth HL. Applying state space grids methods to characterize counsellor-client interactions in a physical activity behavioural intervention for adults with disabilities. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 65:102350. [PMID: 37665832 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) counselling research has mainly focused on identifying which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are delivered by a counsellor. Less is known about how BCTs are received by clients. State Space Grids (SSGs) is a dynamic system method that can be used to study counsellor-client interactions by examining frequencies, durations and sequences of BCT delivery and receipt. In this methods paper, we show how SSG methods can be pragmatically used to characterize counsellor-client interactions during a PA behavioural support intervention for adults with disabilities. METHODS Methods were demonstrated through a secondary analysis of data from adults with spinal cord injury (age: 45.79 ± 13.63; females: n = 5; males: n = 9) who received PA counselling. Transcripts of 30 audio-recorded counselling sessions (total duration: ∼8.3 h) were double-coded for BCT delivery and receipt statements using a reliable coding method (>84% agreement) and analyzed in two different ways using SSGs methods. RESULTS Applying the SSG analyses to our data demonstrated that frequencies, durations, and sequences of BCT delivery and receipt varied largely within and between dyads. Across all sessions, the counsellor and client spent on average 32-34% of their time on talking about BCTs related to goals and planning, ∼29% of their time talking about other BCTs (e.g., self-belief, support strategies), and the remaining 27-29% of their time talking about other topics (not BCT-specific). CONCLUSION This paper showed how dynamic system methods can be pragmatically used to characterize counsellor-client interactions and illustrate the variability of how BCTs are delivered by a counsellor and received by clients in a PA behavioural support intervention. We demonstrated that SSGs methods can facilitate the examination of frequencies, durations and sequences of BCT delivery and receipt can help advance our understanding of PA behavioural support for adults with and without disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Hoekstra
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Kathleen A Martin Ginis
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Delaney Collins
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Miranda Dinwoodie
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jasmin K Ma
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonja Gaudet
- Spinal Cord Injury British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; The Thompson Okanagan Tourism Association, Vernon, BC, Canada
| | - Diane Rakiecki
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada; School District, Vernon, BC, Canada
| | - Heather L Gainforth
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shaw RB, Giroux EE, Gainforth HL, McBride CB, Vierimaa M, Martin Ginis KA. Investigating the influence of interaction modality on the communication patterns of spinal cord injury peer mentors. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:1229-1236. [PMID: 34579997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine how the quality of spinal cord injury peer mentorship relationships and mentor-mentee behaviors are impacted by interaction modality. METHODS Using a within-subjects, repeated measures, experimental design, peer mentors (n = 8) completed two mentoring sessions with a standardized mentee in a telephone and a video chat condition. Measures of therapeutic alliance and autonomy supportiveness were administered following each session. Mentors' leadership behaviors, motivational interviewing skills, and behavior change techniques were compared across conditions. Mentors' and mentees' use of motivational interviewing skills and behavior change techniques were further analyzed using state space grids. RESULTS Mentors' therapeutic alliance, autonomy supportiveness, use of leadership behaviors, motivational interviewing skills, and behavior change techniques did not significantly differ across the two conditions (ps > 0.123; Cohen's d range = 0.218-0.619). State space grids analyses revealed that the dynamic structure of mentoring conversations was similar when interactions occurred through the telephone versus video chat. CONCLUSIONS Mentors were effective at forming positive, autonomy supportive relationships with mentees in telephone and video chat interaction conditions. Mentors also used leadership/counselling behaviors to a similar extent when interacting through these two modalities. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Organizations that provide peer mentorship can have confidence in using both telephone and video chat modalitites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Shaw
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Emily E Giroux
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Heather L Gainforth
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Kathleen A Martin Ginis
- School of Health & Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Kelowna, Canada
| |
Collapse
|