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Lucchini S, Constantinou M, Marino S. Unravelling the mosaic: Epigenetic diversity in glioblastoma. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39148319 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumour. Despite decades of intensive research in the disease, its prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of only 14 months after diagnosis. The remarkable level of intra- and interpatient heterogeneity is certainly contributing to the lack of progress in tackling this tumour. Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in glioblastoma biology and significantly contributes to intratumour heterogeneity. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that it also contributes to intertumour heterogeneity, which historically had mainly been linked to diverse genetic events occurring in different patients. In this review, we explore how DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) alterations contribute to intertumour heterogeneity in glioblastoma, including its implications for advanced tumour stratification, which is the essential first step for developing more effective patient-specific therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lucchini
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Myrianni Constantinou
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Brain Tumour Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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2
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Roach JT, Riviere-Cazaux C, Wells BA, Boop FA, Daniels DJ. Epigenetics to clinicopathological features: a bibliometric analysis of H3 G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:2009-2017. [PMID: 38613587 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas are the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. More than 30% of diffuse hemispheric gliomas (DHG) in adolescents harbor histone H3 G34 mutations and are recognized by the World Health Organization as a distinct tumor entity. By reporting bibliometric characteristics of the most cited publications on H3 G34-mutant DHG (H3 G34 DHG), we provide an overview of emerging literature and speculate where future research efforts may lead. METHODS One hundred fourteen publications discussing H3 G34 DHG were identified, categorized as basic science (BSc), clinical (CL), or review (R), and ranked by citation number. Various bibliometric parameters were summarized, and a comparison between article types was performed. RESULTS Articles within this study represent principal investigators from 15 countries and were published across 63 journals between 2012 and 2024, with 36.84% of articles originating in the United States. Overall median values were as follows: citation count, 20 (range, 0-2591), number of authors, 9 (range, 2-78), and year of publication, 2020 (range, 2012-2024). Among the top ten most cited articles, BSc articles accounted for all ten reports. Compared to CL and R articles, BSc articles were published in journals with higher impact factors. CONCLUSION We establish variability in bibliometric parameters for the most cited publications on H3 G34 DHG. Our findings demonstrate a paucity of high-impact and highly cited CL reports and acknowledge an unmet need to intersect basic mechanism with clinical data to inform novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Roach
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Division of Brain Tumor Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Cecile Riviere-Cazaux
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Frederick A Boop
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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3
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Byrne EM, Pascoe M, Cooper D, Armstrong TS, Gilbert MR. Challenges and limitations of clinical trials in the adolescent and young adult CNS cancer population: A systematic review. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdad159. [PMID: 38250563 PMCID: PMC10798804 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer population, aged 15-39, carries significant morbidity and mortality. Despite growing recognition of unique challenges with this age group, there has been little documentation of unmet needs in their care, trial participation, and quality of life, particularly in those with primary brain tumors. Methods A systematic literature review of 4 databases was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Studies included editorials, reviews, and practice guidelines on the challenges and limitations faced by the AYA population. Papers had to address CNS tumors. Results Sixty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The challenges and limitations in clinical trials in the AYA population were synthesized into 11 categories: molecular heterogeneity, tumor biology, diagnostic delay, access to care, physician factors, patient factors, primary brain tumor (PBT) factors, accrual, limited trials, long term follow up, and trial design. The published papers' recommendations were categorized based on the target of the recommendation: providers, coordination of care, organizations, accrual, and trial design. The AYA cancer population was found to suffer from unique challenges and barriers to care and the construction of trials. Conclusions The AYA CNS cancer population suffers from unique challenges and barriers to care and construction of trials that make it critical to acknowledge AYAs as a distinct patient population. In addition, AYAs with primary brain tumors are underrecognized and underreported in current literature. More studies in the AYA primary brain tumor patient population are needed to improve their care and participation in trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Byrne
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maeve Pascoe
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane Cooper
- National Institute of Health Library, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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4
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Chakraborty C, Nissen I, Vincent CA, Hägglund AC, Hörnblad A, Remeseiro S. Rewiring of the promoter-enhancer interactome and regulatory landscape in glioblastoma orchestrates gene expression underlying neurogliomal synaptic communication. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6446. [PMID: 37833281 PMCID: PMC10576091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization controls transcription by modulating 3D-interactions between enhancers and promoters in the nucleus. Alterations in epigenetic states and 3D-chromatin organization result in gene expression changes contributing to cancer. Here, we map the promoter-enhancer interactome and regulatory landscape of glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumour. Our data reveals profound rewiring of promoter-enhancer interactions, chromatin accessibility and redistribution of histone marks in glioblastoma. This leads to loss of long-range regulatory interactions and overall activation of promoters, which orchestrate changes in the expression of genes associated to glutamatergic synapses, axon guidance, axonogenesis and chromatin remodelling. SMAD3 and PITX1 emerge as major transcription factors controlling genes related to synapse organization and axon guidance. Inhibition of SMAD3 and neuronal activity stimulation cooperate to promote proliferation of glioblastoma cells in co-culture with glutamatergic neurons, and in mice bearing patient-derived xenografts. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the regulatory networks that mediate neurogliomal synaptic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Chakraborty
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Itzel Nissen
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Craig A Vincent
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Hägglund
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hörnblad
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Silvia Remeseiro
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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5
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Youngblood MW, Erson-Omay Z, Li C, Najem H, Coșkun S, Tyrtova E, Montejo JD, Miyagishima DF, Barak T, Nishimura S, Harmancı AS, Clark VE, Duran D, Huttner A, Avşar T, Bayri Y, Schramm J, Boetto J, Peyre M, Riche M, Goldbrunner R, Amankulor N, Louvi A, Bilgüvar K, Pamir MN, Özduman K, Kilic T, Knight JR, Simon M, Horbinski C, Kalamarides M, Timmer M, Heimberger AB, Mishra-Gorur K, Moliterno J, Yasuno K, Günel M. Super-enhancer hijacking drives ectopic expression of hedgehog pathway ligands in meningiomas. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6279. [PMID: 37805627 PMCID: PMC10560290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling mediates embryologic development of the central nervous system and other tissues and is frequently hijacked by neoplasia to facilitate uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Meningiomas, the most common primary brain tumor, exhibit Hedgehog signaling activation in 6.5% of cases, triggered by recurrent mutations in pathway mediators such as SMO. In this study, we find 35.6% of meningiomas that lack previously known drivers acquired various types of somatic structural variations affecting chromosomes 2q35 and 7q36.3. These cases exhibit ectopic expression of Hedgehog ligands, IHH and SHH, respectively, resulting in Hedgehog signaling activation. Recurrent tandem duplications involving IHH permit de novo chromatin interactions between super-enhancers within DIRC3 and a locus containing IHH. Our work expands the landscape of meningioma molecular drivers and demonstrates enhancer hijacking of Hedgehog ligands as a route to activate this pathway in neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Youngblood
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zeynep Erson-Omay
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chang Li
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Süleyman Coșkun
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evgeniya Tyrtova
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julio D Montejo
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Neurosurgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Danielle F Miyagishima
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tanyeri Barak
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sayoko Nishimura
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akdes Serin Harmancı
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Victoria E Clark
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel Duran
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timuçin Avşar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bahcesehir University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasar Bayri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, 34854, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Julien Boetto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP & Sorbonne Université, F-75103, Paris, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Peyre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP & Sorbonne Université, F-75103, Paris, France
| | - Maximilien Riche
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP & Sorbonne Université, F-75103, Paris, France
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Center for Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaya Bilgüvar
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University West Campus, Orange, CT, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34848, Turkey
| | - M Necmettin Pamir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34848, Turkey
| | - Koray Özduman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, 34848, Turkey
| | - Türker Kilic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bahcesehir University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - James R Knight
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University West Campus, Orange, CT, USA
| | - Matthias Simon
- University of Bonn Medical School, 53105, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bethel Clinic, University of Bielefeld Medical Center OWL, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michel Kalamarides
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP & Sorbonne Université, F-75103, Paris, France
| | - Marco Timmer
- Center for Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ketu Mishra-Gorur
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Moliterno
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katsuhito Yasuno
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Murat Günel
- Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Cohen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
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7
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Hohm A, Karremann M, Gielen GH, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Vandergrift LA, Bison B, Stock A, Hoffmann M, Pham M, Kramm CM, Nowak J. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Molecular Subgroups in Pediatric H3 K27M Mutant Diffuse Midline Glioma. Clin Neuroradiol 2021; 32:249-258. [PMID: 34919158 PMCID: PMC8894220 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-021-01120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Recent research identified histone H3 K27M mutations to be associated with a dismal prognosis in pediatric diffuse midline glioma (pDMG); however, data on detailed MRI characteristics with respect to H3 K27 mutation status and molecular subgroups (H3.1 and H3.3 K27M mutations) are limited. Methods Standardized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters and epidemiologic data of 68 pDMG patients (age <18 years) were retrospectively reviewed and compared in a) H3 K27M mutant versus H3 K27 wildtype (WT) tumors and b) H3.1 versus H3.3 K27M mutant tumors. Results Intracranial gliomas (n = 58) showed heterogeneous phenotypes with isointense to hyperintense signal in T2-weighted images and frequent contrast enhancement. Hemorrhage and necrosis may be present. Comparing H3 K27M mutant to WT tumors, there were significant differences in the following parameters: i) tumor localization (p = 0.001), ii) T2 signal intensity (p = 0.021), and iii) T1 signal homogeneity (p = 0.02). No significant imaging differences were found in any parameter between H3.1 and H3.3 K27M mutant tumors; however, H3.1 mutant tumors occurred at a younger age (p = 0.004). Considering spinal gliomas (n = 10) there were no significant imaging differences between the analyzed molecular groups. Conclusion With this study, we are the first to provide detailed MR imaging data on H3 K27M mutant pDMG with respect to molecular subgroup status in a large patient cohort. Our findings may support diagnosis and future targeted therapeutic trials of pDMG within the framework of the radiogenomics concept. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00062-021-01120-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hohm
- Neuroradiological Reference Center for the Pediatric Brain Tumor (HIT) Studies of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Current address: Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, University Children's Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Karremann
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gerrit H Gielen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Warmuth-Metz
- Neuroradiological Reference Center for the Pediatric Brain Tumor (HIT) Studies of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lindsey A Vandergrift
- Departments of Radiology and Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigitte Bison
- Neuroradiological Reference Center for the Pediatric Brain Tumor (HIT) Studies of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Current address: Neuroradiological Reference Center for the Pediatric Brain Tumor (HIT) Studies of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Neuroradiology, University Augsburg, Faculty of Medicine, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annika Stock
- Neuroradiological Reference Center for the Pediatric Brain Tumor (HIT) Studies of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marion Hoffmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirko Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christof M Kramm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Nowak
- Neuroradiological Reference Center for the Pediatric Brain Tumor (HIT) Studies of the German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Neuroradiology, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.
- SRH Poliklinik Gera GmbH, Radiology Gotha, Gotha, Germany.
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Hayden E, Holliday H, Lehmann R, Khan A, Tsoli M, Rayner BS, Ziegler DS. Therapeutic Targets in Diffuse Midline Gliomas-An Emerging Landscape. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246251. [PMID: 34944870 PMCID: PMC8699135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) remain one of the most devastating childhood brain tumour types, for which there is currently no known cure. In this review we provide a summary of the existing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disease, highlighting current analyses and novel treatment propositions. Together, the accumulation of these data will aid in the understanding and development of more effective therapeutic options for the treatment of DMGs. Abstract Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are invariably fatal pediatric brain tumours that are inherently resistant to conventional therapy. In recent years our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of DMG tumorigenicity has resulted in the identification of novel targets and the development of a range of potential therapies, with multiple agents now being progressed to clinical translation to test their therapeutic efficacy. Here, we provide an overview of the current therapies aimed at epigenetic and mutational drivers, cellular pathway aberrations and tumor microenvironment mechanisms in DMGs in order to aid therapy development and facilitate a holistic approach to patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Hayden
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2052, Australia; (E.H.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (B.S.R.)
| | - Holly Holliday
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2052, Australia; (E.H.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (B.S.R.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lehmann
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2052, Australia; (E.H.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (B.S.R.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Aaminah Khan
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2052, Australia; (E.H.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (B.S.R.)
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2052, Australia; (E.H.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (B.S.R.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin S. Rayner
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2052, Australia; (E.H.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (B.S.R.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - David S. Ziegler
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2052, Australia; (E.H.); (H.H.); (R.L.); (A.K.); (M.T.); (B.S.R.)
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick 2031, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9382-1730; Fax: +61-2-9382-1789
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9
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Palmisciano P, El Ahmadieh TY, Haider AS, Bin Alamer O, Robertson FC, Plitt AR, Aoun SG, Yu K, Cohen-Gadol A, Moss NS, Patel TR, Sawaya R. Thalamic gliomas in adults: a systematic review of clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes. J Neurooncol 2021; 155:215-224. [PMID: 34797525 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thalamic gliomas are rare neoplasms that pose significant surgical challenges. The literature is limited to single-institution retrospective case series. We systematically review the literature and describe the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival outcomes of adult thalamic gliomas. METHODS Relevant articles were identified on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases. Papers containing cases of adult thalamic gliomas with clinical outcome data were included. A comprehensive review of clinical characteristics and survival analysis was conducted. RESULTS We included 25 studies comprising 617 patients. The median age was 45 years (male = 58.6%). Glioblastoma was the most frequent histological type (47.2%), and 82 tumors were H3 K27M-mutant. Motor deficit was the most common presenting symptom (51.8%). Surgical resection was performed in 69.1% of cases while adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were administered in 56.3% and 72.6%, respectively. Other treatments included laser interstitial thermal therapy, which was performed in 15 patients (2.4%). The lesion laterality (P = 0.754) and the surgical approach (P = 0.111) did not correlate with overall survival. The median progression-free survival was 9 months, and the overall two-year survival rate was 19.7%. The two-year survival rates of low-grade and high-grade thalamic gliomas were 31.0% and 16.5%, respectively. H3 K27M-mutant gliomas showed worse overall survival (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION Adult thalamic gliomas are associated with poor survival. Complete surgical resection is associated with improved survival rates but is not always feasible. H3 K27M mutation is associated with worse survival and a more aggressive approach should be considered for mutant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Palmisciano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Tarek Y El Ahmadieh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Ali S Haider
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Othman Bin Alamer
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faith C Robertson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron R Plitt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Salah G Aoun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kenny Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Aaron Cohen-Gadol
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nelson S Moss
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Toral R Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Raymond Sawaya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Stępniak K, Machnicka MA, Mieczkowski J, Macioszek A, Wojtaś B, Gielniewski B, Poleszak K, Perycz M, Król SK, Guzik R, Dąbrowski MJ, Dramiński M, Jardanowska M, Grabowicz I, Dziedzic A, Kranas H, Sienkiewicz K, Diamanti K, Kotulska K, Grajkowska W, Roszkowski M, Czernicki T, Marchel A, Komorowski J, Kaminska B, Wilczyński B. Mapping chromatin accessibility and active regulatory elements reveals pathological mechanisms in human gliomas. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3621. [PMID: 34131149 PMCID: PMC8206121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure and accessibility, and combinatorial binding of transcription factors to regulatory elements in genomic DNA control transcription. Genetic variations in genes encoding histones, epigenetics-related enzymes or modifiers affect chromatin structure/dynamics and result in alterations in gene expression contributing to cancer development or progression. Gliomas are brain tumors frequently associated with epigenetics-related gene deregulation. We perform whole-genome mapping of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, DNA methylation patterns and transcriptome analysis simultaneously in multiple tumor samples to unravel epigenetic dysfunctions driving gliomagenesis. Based on the results of the integrative analysis of the acquired profiles, we create an atlas of active enhancers and promoters in benign and malignant gliomas. We explore these elements and intersect with Hi-C data to uncover molecular mechanisms instructing gene expression in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Stępniak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena A Machnicka
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Medical University of Gdansk, International Research Agenda 3P Medicine Laboratory, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Macioszek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wojtaś
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Gielniewski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Poleszak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Perycz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia K Król
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Guzik
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał J Dąbrowski
- Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dramiński
- Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Jardanowska
- Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Grabowicz
- Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Dziedzic
- Institute of Computer Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Kranas
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karolina Sienkiewicz
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klev Diamanti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Neuropathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiesława Grajkowska
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Neuropathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Roszkowski
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Neuropathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Czernicki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marchel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Komorowski
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartek Wilczyński
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Hsu CJ, Meers O, Buschbeck M, Heidel FH. The Role of MacroH2A Histone Variants in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123003. [PMID: 34203934 PMCID: PMC8232725 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome that is composed of DNA wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins. Histone variants can replace ‘standard’ histones at specific sites of the genome. Thus, histone variants modulate all functions in the context of chromatin, such as gene expression. Here, we provide a concise review on a group of histone variants termed macroH2A. They contain two additional domains that contribute to their increased size. We discuss how these domains mediate molecular functions in normal cells and the role of macroH2As in gene expression and cancer. Abstract The epigenome regulates gene expression and provides a molecular memory of cellular events. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the importance of epigenetic regulation in physiological tissue homeostasis and malignant transformation. Among epigenetic mechanisms, the replacement of replication-coupled histones with histone variants is the least understood. Due to differences in protein sequence and genomic distribution, histone variants contribute to the plasticity of the epigenome. Here, we focus on the family of macroH2A histone variants that are particular in having a tripartite structure consisting of a histone fold, an intrinsically disordered linker and a globular macrodomain. We discuss how these domains mediate different molecular functions related to chromatin architecture, transcription and DNA repair. Dysregulated expression of macroH2A histone variants has been observed in different subtypes of cancer and has variable prognostic impact, depending on cellular context and molecular background. We aim to provide a concise review regarding the context- and isoform-dependent contributions of macroH2A histone variants to cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jen Hsu
- Internal Medicine C, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Oliver Meers
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (F.H.H.); Tel.: +34-935-572-800 (M.B.); +49-383-486-6698 (F.H.H.); Fax: +49-383-486-6713 (F.H.H.)
| | - Florian H. Heidel
- Internal Medicine C, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (F.H.H.); Tel.: +34-935-572-800 (M.B.); +49-383-486-6698 (F.H.H.); Fax: +49-383-486-6713 (F.H.H.)
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12
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Cryo-EM structure of SETD2/Set2 methyltransferase bound to a nucleosome containing oncohistone mutations. Cell Discov 2021; 7:32. [PMID: 33972509 PMCID: PMC8110526 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Substitution of lysine 36 with methionine in histone H3.3 (H3.3K36M) is an oncogenic mutation that inhibits SETD2-mediated histone H3K36 tri-methylation in tumors. To investigate how the oncohistone mutation affects the function of SETD2 at the nucleosome level, we determined the cryo-EM structure of human SETD2 associated with an H3.3K36M nucleosome and cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and revealed that SETD2 is attached to the N-terminal region of histone H3 and the nucleosome DNA at superhelix location 1, accompanied with the partial unwrapping of nucleosome DNA to expose the SETD2-binding site. These structural features were also observed in the previous cryo-EM structure of the fungal Set2-nucleosome complex. By contrast with the stable association of SETD2 with the H3.3K36M nucleosome, the EM densities of SETD2 could not be observed on the wild-type nucleosome surface, suggesting that the association of SETD2 with wild-type nucleosome might be transient. The linker histone H1, which stabilizes the wrapping of nucleosome DNA at the entry/exit sites, exhibits an inhibitory effect on the activities of SETD2 and displays inversely correlated genome distributions with that of the H3K36me3 marks. Cryo-EM analysis of yeast H3K36 methyltransferase Set2 complexed with nucleosomes further revealed evolutionarily conserved structural features for nucleosome recognition in eukaryotes, and provides insights into the mechanism of activity regulation. These findings have advanced our understanding of the structural basis for the tumorigenesis mechanism of the H3.3K36M mutation and highlight the effect of nucleosome conformation on the regulation of histone modification.
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13
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Abstract
Diffuse midline gliomas harboring histone H3 K27M mutations are most commonly found in the brainstem of children. This mutation confers a WHO grade IV designation and is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. Although traditionally considered to be a disease of children and young adults, a number of recent reports have described H3 K27M mutations in older adults with diffuse midline gliomas. Here, we present the unusual case of a diffuse midline glioma in the pons and cerebellum of an 83-year-old woman and review the evolving clinical literature on this entity in adults. This case underscores that it may occur even in older adults, in whom prognostic and treatment paradigms used in pediatrics may not be directly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Thomas Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shih-Hsiu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katherine B Peters
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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14
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Picart T, Barritault M, Poncet D, Berner LP, Izquierdo C, Tabouret E, Figarella-Branger D, Idbaïh A, Bielle F, Bourg V, Vandenbos FB, Moyal ECJ, Uro-Coste E, Guyotat J, Honnorat J, Gabut M, Meyronet D, Ducray F. Characteristics of diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34-mutant in adults. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab061. [PMID: 34056608 PMCID: PMC8156974 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34-mutant (DHG H3G34-mutant) constitute a distinct type of aggressive brain tumors. Although initially described in children, they can also affect adults. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of DHG H3G34-mutant in adults and to compare them to those of established types of adult WHO grade IV gliomas. Methods The characteristics of 17 adult DHG H3G34-mutant, 32 H3.3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), 100 IDH-wildtype, and 36 IDH-mutant glioblastomas were retrospectively analyzed. Results Median age at diagnosis in adult DHG H3G34-mutant was 25 years (range: 19–33). All tumors were hemispheric. For 9 patients (56%), absent or faint contrast enhancement initially suggested another diagnosis than a high-grade glioma, and diffusion-weighted imaging seemed retrospectively more helpful to suspect an aggressive tumor than MR-spectroscopy and perfusion MRI. All cases were IDH-wildtype. Most cases were immunonegative for ATRX (93%) and Olig2 (100%) and exhibited MGMT promoter methylation (82%). The clinical and radiological presentations of adult DHG H3G34-mutant were different from those of established types of adult grade IV gliomas. Median overall survival of adult DHG H3G34-mutant was 12.4 months compared to 19.6 months (P = .56), 11.7 months (P = .45), and 50.5 months (P = .006) in H3.3 K27M-mutant DMG, IDH-wildtype, and IDH-mutant glioblastomas, respectively. Conclusions Adult DHG H3G34-mutant are associated with distinct characteristics compared to those of established types of adult WHO grade IV gliomas. This study supports considering these tumors as a new type of WHO grade IV glioma in future classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiébaud Picart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marc Barritault
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Molecular Biology, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Delphine Poncet
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Molecular Biology, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Signaling, metabolism and tumor progression Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Lise-Prune Berner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cristina Izquierdo
- Department of Neurooncology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Department of Neuroscience Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, BarcelonaSpain
| | - Emeline Tabouret
- Department of Neurooncology, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7051, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, CHU Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaïh
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- Department of Neuropathology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Université Paris 06 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | | | - Fanny Burel Vandenbos
- Department of Neuropathology, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France.,Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud/Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopôle, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Recherches contre le Cancer de Toulouse, INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanelle Uro-Coste
- Centre de Recherches contre le Cancer de Toulouse, INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Guyotat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Neurooncology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène - Equipe Synaptopathies et autoanticorps, INSERM U1217 / UMR CNRS 5310, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Gabut
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - François Ducray
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Neurooncology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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15
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Guidi M, Giunti L, Buccoliero AM, Caporalini C, Censullo ML, Galli L, Genitori L, Sardi I. Genetic signature and treatment of pediatric high-grade glioma. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 14:70. [PMID: 33732456 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade glioma (HGG) is a type of malignancy that carries a poor prognosis. The genetic analysis of HGGs has previously identified useful mutations, the targeting of which has improved prognosis. Thus, further research into the more common mutations, such as H3 histone variants (HIST1H3B and H3F3A) and BRAF V600E, may be useful in identifying tumors with different prognoses, as the mutations are considered to drive two distinct oncogenic programs. The present study performed a retrospective analysis of pediatric HGGs. In total, 42 cases of HGG, including 32 cases (76.1%) of anaplastic astrocytoma and 10 cases (23.8%) of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), were assessed. The median age of the patients was 7 years (range, 0-32 years). Mutations on histone H3, in particular the K27M and G34R mutations in the distinct variants HIST1H3B and H3F3A, in addition to the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation, were analyzed in 24 patients. The H3F3A K27M mutation was identified in 7 patients (29.1%), while the HIST1H3B K27M mutation was only observed in 1 patient with GBM. In addition, 5 patients harbored a BRAF V600E mutation (21%), while the H3F3A G34R mutation was not recorded in any of the patients. The overall survival of the wild-type patients at 20 months was 68% [confidence interval (CI): 38-85%] compared with 28% (CI: 0.4-60%) in patients with the H3F3A K27M mutation. These results suggested that patients with the H3F3A K27M mutation had a worse prognosis compared with wild-type patients (P=0.0045). Moreover, 3/5 patients with the BRAF V600E mutation had HGGs that were derived from a previous low-grade glioma (LGG; P=0.001). In conclusion, these results suggested that histone H3 mutations may help predict the outcome in patients with HGG. In addition, the BRAF V600E mutation was found to be associated with an increased risk of anaplastic progression. The novel data of the present study may help better define the clinical and radiological characteristics of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Guidi
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children's University Hospital, I-50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Giunti
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, I-50139 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Caporalini
- Pathology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, I-50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Censullo
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children's University Hospital, I-50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Galli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, I-50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Genitori
- Neurosurgery Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, I-50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Iacopo Sardi
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Meyer Children's University Hospital, I-50139 Florence, Italy
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16
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Tan JY, Wijesinghe IVS, Alfarizal Kamarudin MN, Parhar I. Paediatric Gliomas: BRAF and Histone H3 as Biomarkers, Therapy and Perspective of Liquid Biopsies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040607. [PMID: 33557011 PMCID: PMC7913734 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gliomas are major causes of worldwide cancer-associated deaths in children. Generally, paediatric gliomas can be classified into low-grade and high-grade gliomas. They differ significantly from adult gliomas in terms of prevalence, molecular alterations, molecular mechanisms and predominant histological types. The aims of this review article are: (i) to discuss the current updates of biomarkers in paediatric low-grade and high-grade gliomas including their diagnostic and prognostic values, and (ii) to discuss potential targeted therapies in treating paediatric low-grade and high-grade gliomas. Our findings revealed that liquid biopsy is less invasive than tissue biopsy in obtaining the samples for biomarker detections in children. In addition, future clinical trials should consider blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of therapeutic drugs in paediatric population. Abstract Paediatric gliomas categorised as low- or high-grade vary markedly from their adult counterparts, and denoted as the second most prevalent childhood cancers after leukaemia. As compared to adult gliomas, the studies of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as the development of therapy in paediatric gliomas, are still in their infancy. A body of evidence demonstrates that B-Raf Proto-Oncogene or V-Raf Murine Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog B (BRAF) and histone H3 mutations are valuable biomarkers for paediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) and high-grade gliomas (pHGGs). Various diagnostic methods involving fluorescence in situ hybridisation, whole-genomic sequencing, PCR, next-generation sequencing and NanoString are currently used for detecting BRAF and histone H3 mutations. Additionally, liquid biopsies are gaining popularity as an alternative to tumour materials in detecting these biomarkers, but still, they cannot fully replace solid biopsies due to several limitations. Although histone H3 mutations are reliable prognosis biomarkers in pHGGs, children with these mutations have a dismal prognosis. Conversely, the role of BRAF alterations as prognostic biomarkers in pLGGs is still in doubt due to contradictory findings. The BRAF V600E mutation is seen in the majority of pLGGs (as seen in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and gangliomas). By contrast, the H3K27M mutation is found in the majority of paediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and other midline gliomas in pHGGs. pLGG patients with a BRAF V600E mutation often have a lower progression-free survival rate in comparison to wild-type pLGGs when treated with conventional therapies. BRAF inhibitors (Dabrafenib and Vemurafenib), however, show higher overall survival and tumour response in BRAF V600E mutated pLGGs than conventional therapies in some studies. To date, targeted therapy and precision medicine are promising avenues for paediatric gliomas with BRAF V600E and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma with the H3K27M mutations. Given these shortcomings in the current treatments of paediatric gliomas, there is a dire need for novel therapies that yield a better therapeutic response. The present review discusses the diagnostic tools and the perspective of liquid biopsies in the detection of BRAF V600E and H3K27M mutations. An in-depth understanding of these biomarkers and the therapeutics associated with the respective challenges will bridge the gap between paediatric glioma patients and the development of effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ishwar Parhar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-5514-6304; Fax: +603-5515-6341
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17
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Histone H3G34 Mutation in Brain and Bone Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33155138 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8104-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
H3G34 mutations occur in both pediatric non-brainstem high-grade gliomas (G34R/V) and giant cell tumors of bone (G34W/L). Glioblastoma patients with G34R/V mutation have a generally adverse prognosis, whereas giant cell tumors of bone are rarely metastatic benign tumors. G34 mutations possibly disrupt the epigenome by altering H3K36 modifications, which may involve attenuating the function of SETD2 at methyltransferase. H3K36 methylation change may further lead to genomic instability, dysregulated gene expression pattern, and more mutations. In this chapter, we summarize the pathological features of each mutation type in its respective cancer, as well as the potential mechanism of their disruption on the epigenome and genomic instability. Understanding each mutation type would provide a thorough background for a thorough understanding of the cancers and would bring new insights for future investigations and the development of new precise therapies.
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18
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Abstract
Malignant gliomas constitute a smaller portion of brain tumors in children compared with adults. Nevertheless, they can be devastating tumors with poor prognosis. Recent advances and improved understanding of the genetic and molecular characterization of pediatric brain tumors, including those of malignant gliomas, have led to the reclassification of many pediatric brain tumors and new entities have been defined. In this paper, we will present some of the more recent characterization and pertinent changes in pediatric high-grade gliomas, along with the conventional and advanced imaging features associated with these entities. Implications of the recent changes in pediatric malignant glioma classifications will also be discussed.
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19
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Chung C, Sweha SR, Pratt D, Tamrazi B, Panwalkar P, Banda A, Bayliss J, Hawes D, Yang F, Lee HJ, Shan M, Cieslik M, Qin T, Werner CK, Wahl DR, Lyssiotis CA, Bian Z, Shotwell JB, Yadav VN, Koschmann C, Chinnaiyan AM, Blüml S, Judkins AR, Venneti S. Integrated Metabolic and Epigenomic Reprograming by H3K27M Mutations in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:334-349.e9. [PMID: 32795401 PMCID: PMC7494613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
H3K27M diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are fatal and lack treatments. They mainly harbor H3.3K27M mutations resulting in H3K27me3 reduction. Integrated analysis in H3.3K27M cells, tumors, and in vivo imaging in patients showed enhanced glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism with high alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) production. Glucose and/or glutamine-derived α-KG maintained low H3K27me3 in H3.3K27M cells, and inhibition of key enzymes in glycolysis or glutaminolysis increased H3K27me3, altered chromatin accessibility, and prolonged survival in animal models. Previous studies have shown that mutant isocitrate-dehydrogenase (mIDH)1/2 glioma cells convert α-KG to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) to increase H3K27me3. Here, we show that H3K27M and IDH1 mutations are mutually exclusive and experimentally synthetic lethal. Overall, we demonstrate that H3.3K27M and mIDH1 hijack a conserved and critical metabolic pathway in opposing ways to maintain their preferred epigenetic state. Consequently, interruption of this metabolic/epigenetic pathway showed potent efficacy in preclinical models, suggesting key therapeutic targets for much needed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Chung
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 3520E MSRB 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-41804, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stefan R Sweha
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 3520E MSRB 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-41804, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Drew Pratt
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 3520E MSRB 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-41804, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Benita Tamrazi
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Pooja Panwalkar
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 3520E MSRB 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-41804, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adam Banda
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 3520E MSRB 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-41804, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jill Bayliss
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 3520E MSRB 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-41804, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Debra Hawes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mengrou Shan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christian K Werner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhiguo Bian
- Centralized Medicinal Chemistry, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - J Brad Shotwell
- Centralized Medicinal Chemistry, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Viveka Nand Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stefan Blüml
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Alexander R Judkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 3520E MSRB 1, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-41804, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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20
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Anastas JN, Zee BM, Kalin JH, Kim M, Guo R, Alexandrescu S, Blanco MA, Giera S, Gillespie SM, Das J, Wu M, Nocco S, Bonal DM, Nguyen QD, Suva ML, Bernstein BE, Alani R, Golub TR, Cole PA, Filbin MG, Shi Y. Re-programing Chromatin with a Bifunctional LSD1/HDAC Inhibitor Induces Therapeutic Differentiation in DIPG. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:528-544.e10. [PMID: 31631026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
H3K27M mutations resulting in epigenetic dysfunction are frequently observed in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPGs), an incurable pediatric cancer. We conduct a CRISPR screen revealing that knockout of KDM1A encoding lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) sensitizes DIPG cells to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Consistently, Corin, a bifunctional inhibitor of HDACs and LSD1, potently inhibits DIPG growth in vitro and in xenografts. Mechanistically, Corin increases H3K27me3 levels suppressed by H3K27M histones, and simultaneously increases HDAC-targeted H3K27ac and LSD1-targeted H3K4me1 at differentiation-associated genes. Corin treatment induces cell death, cell-cycle arrest, and a cellular differentiation phenotype and drives transcriptional changes correlating with increased survival time in DIPG patients. These data suggest a strategy for treating DIPG by simultaneously inhibiting LSD1 and HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Anastas
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barry M Zee
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jay H Kalin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mirhee Kim
- NYU Medical School, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robyn Guo
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mario Andres Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Shawn M Gillespie
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jayanta Das
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Muzhou Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sarah Nocco
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mario L Suva
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rhoda Alani
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, 20815 MD, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Yang Shi
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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21
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Principe DR, Kamath SD, Munshi HG, Mohindra NA. Metastatic Thymoma Harboring a Deleterious BRCA2 Mutation Derives Durable Clinical Benefit from Olaparib. Oncologist 2019; 25:301-305. [PMID: 32297440 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymomas comprise a group of rare epithelial neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum. Whereas localized disease carries a favorable prognosis, the majority of patients with metastatic thymomas experience progression or recurrence over a 10-year period. Although targeted therapies have become standard of care in many malignancies, no clinically actionable mutations have consistently been identified in metastatic thymomas. Here, we describe a patient with an aggressive thymoma complicated by extensive pleural metastases. Over a 16-year period, she progressed on multiple treatment regimens. To identify additional treatment options, tissue from a pleural metastasis was sent for next-generation sequencing, revealing mutations in BRCA2, tyrosine kinase 2, and SET domain containing 2. Based on supporting evidence for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in other BRCA-mutated tumors, the patient was started on the PARP inhibitor olaparib. She derived significant clinical benefit from treatment, with imaging showing overall stabilization of her disease. Here, we review the genotyping results of her tumor and discuss the functional and clinical significance of the mutations in her cancer as well as implications for managing patients with advanced BRCA-mutant thymomas. KEY POINTS: Targeted therapy has yet to enter the standard clinical management of metastatic thymomas. Patients with BRCA2-mutant thymomas may benefit from poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suneel D Kamath
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Nisha A Mohindra
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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22
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Uppar AM, Sugur H, Prabhuraj AR, Rao MB, Devi BI, Sampath S, Arivazhagan A, Santosh V. H3K27M, IDH1, and ATRX expression in pediatric GBM and their clinical and prognostic significance. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1537-1545. [PMID: 31152217 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) tumors have been identified as an entity distinct and different from the adult variety of GBM not only with respect to pathogenesis, genetics, and molecular alterations but also in clinical outcomes and overall survival. This study aims to evaluate the immunohistochemical profile of molecular markers in pediatric GBM and correlate them with clinical features and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 29 pGBMs (age range 3 to 18 years), operated at our institute between 2009 and 2014, and evaluated their clinical and histopathological features along with the immunohistochemical expression of clinically relevant molecular markers: H3K27M, p53, ATRX, and IDH1 (R132H), and correlated their expression with clinical features. We further assessed the prognostic value of these markers in our cohort of patients. RESULTS The median overall survival (OS) of the cohort was 6.00 ± 0.882 months. The mean overall survival was 7.571 ± 1.118 months which was lower than in most studies. Preoperative Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), extent of surgical resection, and adjuvant radiotherapy were found to be the clinical factors strongly influencing median survival (p < 0.05). Loss of ATRX expression was predominantly noted in hemispheric tumors (84%), while p53 staining was maximum in thalamic tumors (8 out of 9 cases). H3K27M mutant protein expression was noted in 8/9 thalamic tumors and 5/7 tumors in the brain stem-cerebellar-peduncular region. Patients with tumors showing H3K27M immunopositivity had the worst prognosis with a mean OS of 5 months ± 0.832 months, as against patients with H3K27M-immunonegative tumors, which was 10.143 ± 1.866 months(p = 0.006). Other markers like p53, ATRX, and IDH1 did not influence the prognosis in this patient cohort. ATRX loss of expression was associated with a better OS, with a trend to significance, and such an association has not been reported earlier. CONCLUSIONS Ours is one among the few studies from India describing the clinical parameters and evaluating the key immunohistochemical markers in pGBM and deriving their prognostic significance. The study reiterates the poor prognostic significance of H3K27M immunopositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Mohan Uppar
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Harsha Sugur
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - A R Prabhuraj
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - M Bhaskara Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - B Indira Devi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - S Sampath
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - A Arivazhagan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Vani Santosh
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
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23
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Goldstein ED, Kyper CM, Siegel JL. Diffuse Midline Glioma H3 K27M-Mutant Manifested as Progressive Paraplegia. Neurohospitalist 2019; 10:73-74. [PMID: 31839872 DOI: 10.1177/1941874419847347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason L Siegel
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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24
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Harutyunyan AS, Krug B, Chen H, Papillon-Cavanagh S, Zeinieh M, De Jay N, Deshmukh S, Chen CCL, Belle J, Mikael LG, Marchione DM, Li R, Nikbakht H, Hu B, Cagnone G, Cheung WA, Mohammadnia A, Bechet D, Faury D, McConechy MK, Pathania M, Jain SU, Ellezam B, Weil AG, Montpetit A, Salomoni P, Pastinen T, Lu C, Lewis PW, Garcia BA, Kleinman CL, Jabado N, Majewski J. H3K27M induces defective chromatin spread of PRC2-mediated repressive H3K27me2/me3 and is essential for glioma tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1262. [PMID: 30890717 PMCID: PMC6425035 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lys-27-Met mutations in histone 3 genes (H3K27M) characterize a subgroup of deadly gliomas and decrease genome-wide H3K27 trimethylation. Here we use primary H3K27M tumor lines and isogenic CRISPR-edited controls to assess H3K27M effects in vitro and in vivo. We find that whereas H3K27me3 and H3K27me2 are normally deposited by PRC2 across broad regions, their deposition is severely reduced in H3.3K27M cells. H3K27me3 is unable to spread from large unmethylated CpG islands, while H3K27me2 can be deposited outside these PRC2 high-affinity sites but to levels corresponding to H3K27me3 deposition in wild-type cells. Our findings indicate that PRC2 recruitment and propagation on chromatin are seemingly unaffected by K27M, which mostly impairs spread of the repressive marks it catalyzes, especially H3K27me3. Genome-wide loss of H3K27me3 and me2 deposition has limited transcriptomic consequences, preferentially affecting lowly-expressed genes regulating neurogenesis. Removal of H3K27M restores H3K27me2/me3 spread, impairs cell proliferation, and completely abolishes their capacity to form tumors in mice. Lysine27-to-methionine mutations in histone H3 genes (H3K27M) occur in a subgroup of gliomas and decrease genome-wide H3K27 trimethylation. Here the authors utilise primary H3K27M tumour lines and isogenic CRISPR-edited controls and show that H3K27M induces defective chromatin spread of PRC2-mediated repressive H3K27me2/me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot S Harutyunyan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Brian Krug
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Haifen Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | | - Michele Zeinieh
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Nicolas De Jay
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.,Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Shriya Deshmukh
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Carol C L Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Jad Belle
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Leonie G Mikael
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dylan M Marchione
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Hamid Nikbakht
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Gael Cagnone
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Warren A Cheung
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.,Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | | | - Denise Bechet
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Damien Faury
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Melissa K McConechy
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Manav Pathania
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London, WCE1 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Siddhant U Jain
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Alexandre Montpetit
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, University College London Cancer Institute, London, WCE1 6DD, United Kingdom.,Nuclear Function in CNS pathophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.,Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter W Lewis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health and Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.,Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada. .,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada.
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25
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Skucha A, Ebner J, Grebien F. Roles of SETD2 in Leukemia-Transcription, DNA-Damage, and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051029. [PMID: 30818762 PMCID: PMC6429614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-redundant histone methyltransferase SETD2 (SET domain containing 2; KMT3A) is responsible for tri-methylation of lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36me3). Presence of the H3K36me3 histone mark across the genome has been correlated with transcriptional activation and elongation, but also with the regulation of DNA mismatch repair, homologous recombination and alternative splicing. The role of SETD2 and the H3K36me3 histone mark in cancer is controversial. SETD2 is lost or mutated in various cancers, supporting a tumor suppressive role of the protein. Alterations in the SETD2 gene are also present in leukemia patients, where they are associated with aggressive disease and relapse. In line, heterozygous SETD2 loss caused chemotherapy resistance in leukemia cell lines and mouse models. In contrast, other studies indicate that SETD2 is critically required for the proliferation of leukemia cells. Thus, although studies of SETD2-dependent processes in cancer have contributed to a better understanding of the SETD2⁻H3K36me3 axis, many open questions remain regarding its specific role in leukemia. Here, we review the current literature about critical functions of SETD2 in the context of hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skucha
- CeMM-Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jessica Ebner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Waehringer Strasse 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Waehringer Strasse 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Karremann M, Gielen GH, Hoffmann M, Wiese M, Colditz N, Warmuth-Metz M, Bison B, Claviez A, van Vuurden DG, von Bueren AO, Gessi M, Kühnle I, Hans VH, Benesch M, Sturm D, Kortmann RD, Waha A, Pietsch T, Kramm CM. Diffuse high-grade gliomas with H3 K27M mutations carry a dismal prognosis independent of tumor location. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:123-131. [PMID: 29016894 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The novel entity of "diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant" has been defined in the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Tumors of this entity arise in CNS midline structures of predominantly pediatric patients and are associated with an overall dismal prognosis. They are defined by K27M mutations in H3F3A or HIST1H3B/C, encoding for histone 3 variants H3.3 and H3.1, respectively, which are considered hallmark events driving gliomagenesis. Methods Here, we characterized 85 centrally reviewed diffuse gliomas on midline locations enrolled in the nationwide pediatric German HIT-HGG registry regarding tumor site, histone 3 mutational status, WHO grade, age, sex, and extent of tumor resection. Results We found 56 H3.3 K27M-mutant tumors (66%), 6 H3.1 K27M-mutant tumors (7%), and 23 H3-wildtype tumors (27%). H3 K27M-mutant gliomas shared an aggressive clinical course independent of their anatomic location. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the significant impact of the H3 K27M mutation as the only independent parameter predictive of overall survival (P = 0.009). In H3 K27M-mutant tumors, neither anatomic midline location nor histopathological grading nor extent of tumor resection had an influence on survival. Conclusion These results substantiate the clinical significance of considering diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant, as a distinct entity corresponding to WHO grade IV, carrying a universally fatal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karremann
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gerrit H Gielen
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marion Hoffmann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maria Wiese
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Niclas Colditz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Monika Warmuth-Metz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Bison
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Claviez
- Department of Pediatrics, Schleswig-Holstein Medical University in Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dannis G van Vuurden
- Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - André O von Bueren
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gessi
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingrid Kühnle
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Volkmar H Hans
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martin Benesch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf-Dieter Kortmann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Waha
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christof M Kramm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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27
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Venkatesh I, Mehra V, Wang Z, Califf B, Blackmore MG. Developmental Chromatin Restriction of Pro-Growth Gene Networks Acts as an Epigenetic Barrier to Axon Regeneration in Cortical Neurons. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:960-977. [PMID: 29786967 PMCID: PMC6204296 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Axon regeneration in the central nervous system is prevented in part by a developmental decline in the intrinsic regenerative ability of maturing neurons. This loss of axon growth ability likely reflects widespread changes in gene expression, but the mechanisms that drive this shift remain unclear. Chromatin accessibility has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism in other cellular contexts, raising the possibility that chromatin structure may contribute to the age-dependent loss of regenerative potential. Here we establish an integrated bioinformatic pipeline that combines analysis of developmentally dynamic gene networks with transcription factor regulation and genome-wide maps of chromatin accessibility. When applied to the developing cortex, this pipeline detected overall closure of chromatin in sub-networks of genes associated with axon growth. We next analyzed mature CNS neurons that were supplied with various pro-regenerative transcription factors. Unlike prior results with SOX11 and KLF7, here we found that neither JUN nor an activated form of STAT3 promoted substantial corticospinal tract regeneration. Correspondingly, chromatin accessibility in JUN or STAT3 target genes was substantially lower than in predicted targets of SOX11 and KLF7. Finally, we used the pipeline to predict pioneer factors that could potentially relieve chromatin constraints at growth-associated loci. Overall this integrated analysis substantiates the hypothesis that dynamic chromatin accessibility contributes to the developmental decline in axon growth ability and influences the efficacy of pro-regenerative interventions in the adult, while also pointing toward selected pioneer factors as high-priority candidates for future combinatorial experiments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 00: 000-000, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vatsal Mehra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, 53201
| | - Zimei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, 53201
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28
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Siegfried A, Delisle MB. [Medulloblastoma. Pathology]. Neurochirurgie 2018; 67:28-38. [PMID: 29703584 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastomas, embryonal neuroepithelial tumors developed in the cerebellum or brain stem, are mainly observed in childhood. The treatment of WHO-Grade IV tumors depends on stratifications that are usually based on postoperative data, histopathological subtype, tumor extension and presence of MYC or NMYC amplifications. Recently, molecular biology studies, based on new technologies (i.e. sequencing, transcriptomic, methylomic) have introduced genetic subtypes integrated into the latest WHO-2016 neuropathological classification. According to this classification, the three genetic groups WNT, SHH, with or without mutated TP53 gene, and non-WNT/non-SHH, comprising subgroups 3 and 4, are recalled in this review. The contribution of immunohistochemistry to define these groups is specified. The four histopathological groups are detailed in comparison to the WHO-2007 classification and the molecular data: classic medulloblastoma, desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma, medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity, and large cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma. The groups defined on genetic and histopathological grounds are not strictly concordant. Depending on the age of the patients, their correlations are different, as well as their role in the management and prognosis of these tumors. Other embryonal tumors, for which new classifications are in progress and gliomas may be confused with a medulloblastoma and the elements of the differential diagnosis of these entities are discussed. This evolution in classification fully justifies ongoing structuring procedures such as histopathological review (RENOCLIP) and the organization of molecular biology platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Siegfried
- Département d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, institut universitaire du cancer, oncopole, 31059 Toulouse, France; Neuropathologie, laboratoire universitaire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, université Toulouse III-Paul-Sabatier, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - M-B Delisle
- Neuropathologie, laboratoire universitaire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, université Toulouse III-Paul-Sabatier, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; Inserm UMR 1214 TONIC, université Toulouse III-Paul-Sabatier, 31059 Toulouse, France.
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29
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Lapointe S, Perry A, Butowski NA. Primary brain tumours in adults. Lancet 2018; 392:432-446. [PMID: 30060998 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 801] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Primary CNS tumours refer to a heterogeneous group of tumours arising from cells within the CNS, and can be benign or malignant. Malignant primary brain tumours remain among the most difficult cancers to treat, with a 5 year overall survival no greater than 35%. The most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults are gliomas. Recent advances in molecular biology have improved understanding of glioma pathogenesis, and several clinically significant genetic alterations have been described. A number of these (IDH, 1p/19q codeletion, H3 Lys27Met, and RELA-fusion) are now combined with histology in the revised 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumours. It is likely that understanding such molecular alterations will contribute to the diagnosis, grading, and treatment of brain tumours. This progress in genomics, along with significant advances in cancer and CNS immunology, has defined a new era in neuro-oncology and holds promise for diagntic and therapeutic improvement. The challenge at present is to translate these advances into effective treatments. Current efforts are focused on developing molecular targeted therapies, immunotherapies, gene therapies, and novel drug-delivery technologies. Results with single-agent therapies have been disappointing so far, and combination therapies seem to be required to achieve a broad and durable antitumour response. Biomarker-targeted clinical trials could improve efficiencies of therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lapointe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arie Perry
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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30
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Qiu L, Hu X, Jing Q, Zeng X, Chan KM, Han J. Mechanism of cancer: Oncohistones in action. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:227-236. [PMID: 29804713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncohistones are histones with high-frequency point mutations that are associated with tumorigenesis. Although each histone variant is encoded by multiple genes, a single mutation in one allele of one gene seems to have a dominant effect over global histone H3 methylation level at the relevant amino acid residue. These oncohistones are highly tumor type specific. For example, H3K27M and H3G34V/R mutations occur only in pediatric brain cancers, whereas H3K36M and H3G34W/L have only been found in pediatric bone tumors. H1 mutations also seem to be exclusively linked to lymphomas. In this review, we discuss the occurrence, frequency and potential functional mechanisms of each oncohistone in tumorigenesis of its relevant cancer. We believe that further investigation into the mechanism regarding their tumor type specificity and cancer-related functions will shed new light on their application in cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Jing
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyi Zeng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kui-Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China.
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31
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Abstract
Recent genome-wide studies of malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS) have revolutionized our understanding of the biology of these tumors. This newly gained knowledge provides a wealth of opportunity for biomarker driven clinical research. To date, however, only few of the available molecular markers truly influence clinical decision-making and treatment. The most widely validated markers in neuro-oncology presently are: 1) MGMT promoter methylation as a prognostic and predictive marker in glioblastoma, 2) co-deletion of 1p and 19q differentiating oligodendrogliomas from astrocytomas, 3) IDH1/2 mutations, and 4) select pathway-associated mutations. This article focuses on currently impactful biomarkers in adult and pediatric brain cancers and it provides a perspective on the direction of research in this field.
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32
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Porkholm M, Raunio A, Vainionpää R, Salonen T, Hernesniemi J, Valanne L, Satopää J, Karppinen A, Oinas M, Tynninen O, Pentikäinen V, Kivivuori SM. Molecular alterations in pediatric brainstem gliomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65. [PMID: 28792659 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) have a dismal prognosis. Previously, diagnosis was based on a typical clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging findings. After the start of the era of biopsies, DIPGs bearing H3 K27 mutations have been reclassified into a novel entity, diffuse midline glioma, based on the presence of this molecular alteration. However, it is not well established how clinically diagnosed DIPG overlap with H3 K27-mutated diffuse midline gliomas, and whether rare long-term survivors also belong to this group. METHODS We studied tumor samples obtained at diagnosis or upon autopsy from 23 children, including two long-term survivors. Based on clinical, radiological, and histological findings, all tumors were previously diagnosed as DIPGs. All samples were analyzed for genetic alterations by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and for protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS H3 K27 was mutated in NGS or IHC in 20 patients, excluding both long-term survivors. One of these long-term survivors harbored a mutation in IDH1, formerly considered to be an alteration absent in pediatric diffuse brainstem gliomas. Other altered genes in NGS included TP53 (10 patients), MET and PDGFRA (3 patients each), VEGFR and SMARCA4 (2 patients each), and PPARγ, PTEN and EGFR in 1 patient, respectively. IHC revealed cMYC expression in 15 of 24 (63%) of all samples, exclusively in the biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Eighty-seven percent of the tumors formerly diagnosed as DIPGs could be reclassified as H3 K27-mutated diffuse midline gliomas. Both long-term survivors lacked this alteration. Contrary to former conceptions, IDH1 mutations may occur also in pediatric brainstem gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Porkholm
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Raunio
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tarja Salonen
- Laboratory of Pathology and Genetics, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Hernesniemi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Valanne
- Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno Satopää
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Atte Karppinen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Oinas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virve Pentikäinen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna-Maria Kivivuori
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Pathania M, De Jay N, Maestro N, Harutyunyan AS, Nitarska J, Pahlavan P, Henderson S, Mikael LG, Richard-Londt A, Zhang Y, Costa JR, Hébert S, Khazaei S, Ibrahim NS, Herrero J, Riccio A, Albrecht S, Ketteler R, Brandner S, Kleinman CL, Jabado N, Salomoni P. H3.3 K27M Cooperates with Trp53 Loss and PDGFRA Gain in Mouse Embryonic Neural Progenitor Cells to Induce Invasive High-Grade Gliomas. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:684-700.e9. [PMID: 29107533 PMCID: PMC5687892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in histone 3 (H3) variants are found in a substantial proportion of pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG), often in association with TP53 loss and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) amplification. Here, we describe a somatic mouse model wherein H3.3K27M and Trp53 loss alone are sufficient for neoplastic transformation if introduced in utero. H3.3K27M-driven lesions are clonal, H3K27me3 depleted, Olig2 positive, highly proliferative, and diffusely spreading, thus recapitulating hallmark molecular and histopathological features of pHGG. Addition of wild-type PDGFRA decreases latency and increases tumor invasion, while ATRX knockdown is associated with more circumscribed tumors. H3.3K27M-tumor cells serially engraft in recipient mice, and preliminary drug screening reveals mutation-specific vulnerabilities. Overall, we provide a faithful H3.3K27M-pHGG model which enables insights into oncohistone pathogenesis and investigation of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Pathania
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Nicolas De Jay
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Nicola Maestro
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ashot S Harutyunyan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Justyna Nitarska
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pirasteh Pahlavan
- Nuclear Function Group, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Straße 27, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Stephen Henderson
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Leonie G Mikael
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Joana R Costa
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Steven Hébert
- The Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sima Khazaei
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | | - Javier Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Antonella Riccio
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Steffen Albrecht
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; The Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Nuclear Function Group, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Straße 27, Bonn 53127, Germany.
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34
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Molecular Basis of Pediatric Brain Tumors. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:256-270. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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35
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Primary Glial and Neuronal Tumors of the Ovary or Peritoneum: A Clinicopathologic Study of 11 Cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 40:847-56. [PMID: 26990854 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary glial and neuronal tumors of the ovary or peritoneum are rare neuroectodermal-type tumors similar to their counterparts in the central nervous system. We retrospectively reviewed 11 cases. These cases included 4 ependymomas, 6 astrocytic tumors, and 1 neurocytoma. Patients' age ranged from 9 to 50 years (mean, 26 y; median, 24 y). All ependymal tumors with detailed clinical history (n=3) were not associated with any other ovarian neoplasm. In contrast, all astrocytic tumors were associated with immature teratoma (n=4), mature cystic teratoma (n=1), or mixed germ cell tumor (n=1). The neurocytoma arose in association with mature teratomatous components in a patient with a history of treated mixed germ cell tumor. Immunohistochemical staining showed that 7 of 7 ependymal and astrocytic tumors (100%) were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, and 2 of 2 ependymomas (100%) were positive for both estrogen and progesterone receptors. The neurocytoma was positive for synaptophysin and negative for S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and SALL4. No IDH1-R132H mutation was detected in 2 of 2 (0%) astrocytomas by immunohistochemistry. Next-generation sequencing was performed on additional 2 ependymomas and 2 astrocytomas but detected no mutations in a panel of 50 genes that included IDH1, IDH2, TP53, PIK3CA, EGFR, BRAF, and PTEN. Follow-up information was available for 8 patients, with the follow-up period ranging from 4 to 59 months (mean, 15 mo; median, 8.5 mo), of which 3 had no evidence of disease and 5 were alive with disease. In conclusion, primary glial and neuronal tumors of the ovary can arise independently or in association with other ovarian germ cell tumor components. Pathologists should be aware of these rare tumors and differentiate them from other ovarian neoplasms. Even though an IDH1 or IDH2 mutation is found in the majority of WHO grade II and III astrocytomas, and in secondary glioblastomas arising from them, such mutations were not identified in our series, suggesting that these tumors are molecularly different from their central nervous system counterparts despite their morphologic and immunophenotypic similarities.
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Majzner RG, Simon JS, Grosso JF, Martinez D, Pawel BR, Santi M, Merchant MS, Geoerger B, Hezam I, Marty V, Vielh P, Daugaard M, Sorensen PH, Mackall CL, Maris JM. Assessment of programmed death-ligand 1 expression and tumor-associated immune cells in pediatric cancer tissues. Cancer 2017; 123:3807-3815. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce R. Pawel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | | | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Gustave Roussy Institute; Villejuif France
| | - Imene Hezam
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine; Gustave Roussy Institute; Villejuif France
| | - Virginie Marty
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology; Gustave Roussy Institute; Villejuif France
| | - Phillippe Vielh
- Department of Medical Biology and Pathology; Gustave Roussy Institute; Villejuif France
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Center; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Poul H. Sorensen
- British Columbia Cancer Agency; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | | | - John M. Maris
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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37
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Sewing ACP, Lagerweij T, van Vuurden DG, Meel MH, Veringa SJE, Carcaboso AM, Gaillard PJ, Peter Vandertop W, Wesseling P, Noske D, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E. Preclinical evaluation of convection-enhanced delivery of liposomal doxorubicin to treat pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and thalamic high-grade glioma. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2017; 19:518-530. [PMID: 28291423 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.peds16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are primary brain tumors with high mortality and morbidity. Because of their poor brain penetrance, systemic chemotherapy regimens have failed to deliver satisfactory results; however, convection-enhanced delivery (CED) may be an alternative mode of drug delivery. Anthracyclines are potent chemotherapeutics that have been successfully delivered via CED in preclinical supratentorial glioma models. This study aims to assess the potency of anthracyclines against DIPG and pHGG cell lines in vitro and to evaluate the efficacy of CED with anthracyclines in orthotopic pontine and thalamic tumor models. METHODS The sensitivity of primary pHGG cell lines to a range of anthracyclines was tested in vitro. Preclinical CED of free doxorubicin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) to the brainstem and thalamus of naïve nude mice was performed. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined based on the observation of clinical symptoms, and brains were analyzed after H & E staining. Efficacy of the MTD was tested in adult glioma E98-FM-DIPG and E98-FM-thalamus models and in the HSJD-DIPG-007-Fluc primary DIPG model. RESULTS Both pHGG and DIPG cells were sensitive to anthracyclines in vitro. Doxorubicin was selected for further preclinical evaluation. Convection-enhanced delivery of the MTD of free doxorubicin and PLD in the pons was 0.02 mg/ml, and the dose tolerated in the thalamus was 10 times higher (0.2 mg/ml). Free doxorubicin or PLD via CED was ineffective against E98-FM-DIPG or HSJD-DIPG-007-Fluc in the brainstem; however, when applied in the thalamus, 0.2 mg/ml of PLD slowed down tumor growth and increased survival in a subset of animals with small tumors. CONCLUSIONS Local delivery of doxorubicin to the brainstem causes severe toxicity, even at doxorubicin concentrations that are safe in the thalamus. As a consequence, the authors could not establish a therapeutic window for treating orthotopic brainstem tumors in mice. For tumors in the thalamus, therapeutic concentrations to slow down tumor growth could be reached. These data suggest that anatomical location determines the severity of toxicity after local delivery of therapeutic agents and that caution should be used when translating data from supratentorial CED studies to treat infratentorial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Charlotte P Sewing
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Oncology.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Neurosurgery, and.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Dannis G van Vuurden
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Oncology.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Michaël H Meel
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Oncology.,Neurosurgery, and.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Susanna J E Veringa
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Oncology.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - W Peter Vandertop
- Neurosurgery, and.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Pathology.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam.,2-BBB Medicines, Leiden.,Department of Pathology, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen
| | - David Noske
- Neurosurgery, and.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Academy of Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; and
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Departments of 1 Pediatric Oncology.,Neuro-Oncology Research Group.,Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
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Yoshimoto K, Hatae R, Sangatsuda Y, Suzuki SO, Hata N, Akagi Y, Kuga D, Hideki M, Yamashita K, Togao O, Hiwatashi A, Iwaki T, Mizoguchi M, Iihara K. Prevalence and clinicopathological features of H3.3 G34-mutant high-grade gliomas: a retrospective study of 411 consecutive glioma cases in a single institution. Brain Tumor Pathol 2017; 34:103-112. [PMID: 28447171 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-017-0287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A recurrent glycine-to-arginine/valine alteration at codon 34 (G34R/V) within H3F3A, a gene that encodes the replication-independent histone variant H3.3, reportedly occurs exclusively in pediatric glioblastomas. However, the clinicopathological and biological significances of this mutation have not been completely elucidated; especially, no such data exist for tumor samples from Japanese patients. We analyzed 411 consecutive glioma cases representing patients of all ages. Our results demonstrated that 14 patients (3.4%) harbored H3F3A mutations, of which four had G34R mutations and 10 had K27M mutations. G34R-mutant tumors were located in the parietal region in two patients and the basal ganglia in one patient. One patient showed multi-lobular extension similar to the pattern observed in gliomatosis cerebri. Regarding neuroradiological features, intratumoral calcification was evident in two cases and all cases showed no or scarce contrast enhancement on MRI. Histopathologically, the four G34R-mutant cases included three glioblastomas and one astroblastoma. We have also investigated alterations in histone methylation including H3K27me3, H3K9me3, and H3K4me3 in G34R-mutant samples by immunohistochemistry. These results indicate that G34R-mutant tumors are likely to show extensive infiltration and alterations in global histone trimethylation might also play an important role in G34R mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi O Suzuki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yojiro Akagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Murata Hideki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Hiwatashi
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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39
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Williams MJ, Singleton WGB, Lowis SP, Malik K, Kurian KM. Therapeutic Targeting of Histone Modifications in Adult and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma. Front Oncol 2017; 7:45. [PMID: 28401060 PMCID: PMC5368219 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent exciting work partly through The Cancer Genome Atlas has implicated epigenetic mechanisms including histone modifications in the development of both pediatric and adult high-grade glioma (HGG). Histone lysine methylation has emerged as an important player in regulating gene expression and chromatin function. Lysine (K) 27 (K27) is a critical residue in all seven histone 3 variants and the subject of posttranslational histone modifications, as it can be both methylated and acetylated. In pediatric HGG, two critical single-point mutations occur in the H3F3A gene encoding the regulatory histone variant H3.3. These mutations occur at lysine (K) 27 (K27M) and glycine (G) 34 (G34R/V), both of which are involved with key regulatory posttranscriptional modifications. Therefore, these mutations effect gene expression, cell differentiation, and telomere maintenance. In recent years, alterations in histone acetylation have provided novel opportunities to explore new pharmacological targeting, with histone deacetylase (HDAC) overexpression reported in high-grade, late-stage proliferative tumors. HDAC inhibitors have shown promising therapeutic potential in many malignancies. This review focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms propagating pediatric and adult HGGs, as well as summarizing the current advances in clinical trials using HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Williams
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Will G. B. Singleton
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stephen P. Lowis
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Karim Malik
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kathreena M. Kurian
- Brain Tumour Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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40
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Chandran M, Candolfi M, Shah D, Mineharu Y, Yadav VN, Koschmann C, Asad AS, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Single vs. combination immunotherapeutic strategies for glioma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:543-554. [PMID: 28286975 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1305353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant gliomas are highly invasive tumors, associated with a dismal survival rate despite standard of care, which includes surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Precision immunotherapies or combinations of immunotherapies that target unique tumor-specific features may substantially improve upon existing treatments. Areas covered: Clinical trials of single immunotherapies have shown therapeutic potential in high-grade glioma patients, and emerging preclinical studies indicate that combinations of immunotherapies may be more effective than monotherapies. In this review, the authors discuss emerging combinations of immunotherapies and compare efficacy of single vs. combined therapies tested in preclinical brain tumor models. Expert opinion: Malignant gliomas are characterized by a number of factors which may limit the success of single immunotherapies including inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity, intrinsic resistance to traditional therapies, immunosuppression, and immune selection for tumor cells with low antigenicity. Combination of therapies which target multiple aspects of tumor physiology are likely to be more effective than single therapies. While a limited number of combination immunotherapies are described which are currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies, the field is expanding at an astounding rate, and endless combinations remain open for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Chandran
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- c Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Diana Shah
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Yohei Mineharu
- d Department of Neurosurgery , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Viveka Nand Yadav
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,e Department of Pediatrics, Hematology & Oncology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Antonela S Asad
- c Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.,b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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41
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Aboian MS, Solomon DA, Felton E, Mabray MC, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Mueller S, Cha S. Imaging Characteristics of Pediatric Diffuse Midline Gliomas with Histone H3 K27M Mutation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:795-800. [PMID: 28183840 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System includes "diffuse midline glioma with histone H3 K27M mutation" as a new diagnostic entity. We describe the MR imaging characteristics of this new tumor entity in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed imaging features of pediatric patients with midline gliomas with or without the histone H3 K27 mutation. We evaluated the imaging features of these tumors on the basis of location, enhancement pattern, and necrosis. RESULTS Among 33 patients with diffuse midline gliomas, histone H3 K27M mutation was present in 24 patients (72.7%) and absent in 9 (27.3%). Of the tumors, 27.3% (n = 9) were located in the thalamus; 42.4% (n = 14), in the pons; 15% (n = 5), within the vermis/fourth ventricle; and 6% (n = 2), in the spinal cord. The radiographic features of diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3 K27M mutation were highly variable, ranging from expansile masses without enhancement or necrosis with large areas of surrounding infiltrative growth to peripherally enhancing masses with central necrosis with significant mass effect but little surrounding T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. When we compared diffuse midline gliomas on the basis of the presence or absence of histone H3 K27M mutation, there was no significant correlation between enhancement or border characteristics, infiltrative appearance, or presence of edema. CONCLUSIONS We describe, for the first time, the MR imaging features of pediatric diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3 K27M mutation. Similar to the heterogeneous histologic features among these tumors, they also have a diverse imaging appearance without distinguishing features from histone H3 wildtype diffuse gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Aboian
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.A., E.F., M.C.M., J.E.V.-M., S.C.)
| | - D A Solomon
- Division of Neuropathology (D.A.S.), Department of Pathology
| | - E Felton
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.A., E.F., M.C.M., J.E.V.-M., S.C.)
| | - M C Mabray
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.A., E.F., M.C.M., J.E.V.-M., S.C.)
| | | | - S Mueller
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (S.M.), Department of Pediatrics.,Department of Neurological Surgery (S.M.).,Division of Child Neurology (S.M.), Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - S Cha
- From the Department of Radiology (M.S.A., E.F., M.C.M., J.E.V.-M., S.C.)
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42
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Zhang RQ, Shi Z, Chen H, Chung NYF, Yin Z, Li KKW, Chan DTM, Poon WS, Wu J, Zhou L, Chan AKY, Mao Y, Ng HK. Biomarker-based prognostic stratification of young adult glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5030-41. [PMID: 26452024 PMCID: PMC4826263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While the predominant elderly and the pediatric glioblastomas have been extensively investigated, young adult glioblastomas were understudied. In this study, we sought to stratify young adult glioblastomas by BRAF, H3F3A and IDH1 mutations and examine the clinical relevance of the biomarkers. In 107 glioblastomas aged from 17 to 35 years, mutually exclusive BRAF-V600E (15%), H3F3A-K27M (15.9%), H3F3A-G34R/V (2.8%) and IDH1-R132H (16.8%) mutations were identified in over half of the cases. EGFR amplification and TERTp mutation were only detected in 3.7% and 8.4% in young adult glioblastomas, respectively. BRAF-V600E identified a clinically favorable subset of glioblastomas with younger age, frequent CDKN2A homozygous deletion, and was more amendable to surgical resection. H3F3A-K27M mutated glioblastomas were tightly associated with midline locations and showed dismal prognosis. IDH1-R132H was associated with older age and favorable outcome. Interestingly, tumors with positive PDGFRA immunohistochemical expression exhibited poorer prognosis and identified an aggressive subset of tumors among K27M mutated glioblastomas. Combining BRAF, H3F3A and IDH1 mutations allowed stratification of young adult glioblastomas into four prognostic subgroups. In summary, our study demonstrates the clinical values of stratifying young adult glioblastomas with BRAF, H3F3A and IDH1 mutations, which has important implications in refining prognostic classification of glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neuropathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nellie Yuk-Fei Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kay Ka-Wai Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny Tat-Ming Chan
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aden Ka-Yin Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Kamran N, Calinescu A, Candolfi M, Chandran M, Mineharu Y, Asad AS, Koschmann C, Nunez FJ, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Recent advances and future of immunotherapy for glioblastoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1245-64. [PMID: 27411023 PMCID: PMC5014608 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1212012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Outcome for glioma (GBM) remains dismal despite advances in therapeutic interventions including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical resection. The overall survival benefit observed with immunotherapies in cancers such as melanoma and prostate cancer has fuelled research into evaluating immunotherapies for GBM. AREAS COVERED Preclinical studies have brought a wealth of information for improving the prognosis of GBM and multiple clinical studies are evaluating a wide array of immunotherapies for GBM patients. This review highlights advances in the development of immunotherapeutic approaches. We discuss the strategies and outcomes of active and passive immunotherapies for GBM including vaccination strategies, gene therapy, check point blockade and adoptive T cell therapies. We also focus on immunoediting and tumor neoantigens that can impact the efficacy of immunotherapies. EXPERT OPINION Encouraging results have been observed with immunotherapeutic strategies; some clinical trials are reaching phase III. Significant progress has been made in unraveling the molecular and genetic heterogeneity of GBM and its implications to disease prognosis. There is now consensus related to the critical need to incorporate tumor heterogeneity into the design of therapeutic approaches. Recent data also indicates that an efficacious treatment strategy will need to be combinatorial and personalized to the tumor genetic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kamran
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Alexandra Calinescu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- c Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Mayuri Chandran
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Yohei Mineharu
- d Department of Neurosurgery , Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Antonela S Asad
- c Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Carl Koschmann
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Felipe J Nunez
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , The University of Michigan School of Medicine , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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44
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Feng J, Hao S, Pan C, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zhang J, Yan H, Zhang L, Wan H. The H3.3 K27M mutation results in a poorer prognosis in brainstem gliomas than thalamic gliomas in adults. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1626-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Sun T, Plutynski A, Ward S, Rubin JB. An integrative view on sex differences in brain tumors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3323-42. [PMID: 25985759 PMCID: PMC4531141 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in human health and disease can range from undetectable to profound. Differences in brain tumor rates and outcome are evident in males and females throughout the world and regardless of age. These observations indicate that fundamental aspects of sex determination can impact the biology of brain tumors. It is likely that optimal personalized approaches to the treatment of male and female brain tumor patients will require recognizing and understanding the ways in which the biology of their tumors can differ. It is our view that sex-specific approaches to brain tumor screening and care will be enhanced by rigorously documenting differences in brain tumor rates and outcomes in males and females, and understanding the developmental and evolutionary origins of sex differences. Here we offer such an integrative perspective on brain tumors. It is our intent to encourage the consideration of sex differences in clinical and basic scientific investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- />Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - Anya Plutynski
- />Department of Philosophy, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, USA
| | - Stacey Ward
- />Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
| | - Joshua B. Rubin
- />Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, USA
- />Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
- />Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
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46
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Saade E, Pirozhkova I, Aimbetov R, Lipinski M, Ogryzko V. Molecular turnover, the H3.3 dilemma and organismal aging (hypothesis). Aging Cell 2015; 14:322-33. [PMID: 25720734 PMCID: PMC4406661 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The H3.3 histone variant has been a subject of increasing interest in the field of chromatin studies due to its two distinguishing features. First, its incorporation into chromatin is replication independent unlike the replication-coupled deposition of its canonical counterparts H3.1/2. Second, H3.3 has been consistently associated with an active state of chromatin. In accordance, this histone variant should be expected to be causally involved in the regulation of gene expression, or more generally, its incorporation should have downstream consequences for the structure and function of chromatin. This, however, leads to an apparent paradox: In cells that slowly replicate in the organism, H3.3 will accumulate with time, opening the way to aberrant effects on heterochromatin. Here, we review the indications that H3.3 is expected both to be incorporated in the heterochromatin of slowly replicating cells and to retain its functional downstream effects. Implications for organismal aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Saade
- Faculty of Public Health Lebanese University LU Beirut Lebanon
| | - Iryna Pirozhkova
- Institute Gustave Roussy University Paris SUD 114, rue Edouard Vaillant Villejuif 94805France
| | - Rakhan Aimbetov
- Institute Gustave Roussy University Paris SUD 114, rue Edouard Vaillant Villejuif 94805France
| | - Marc Lipinski
- Institute Gustave Roussy University Paris SUD 114, rue Edouard Vaillant Villejuif 94805France
| | - Vasily Ogryzko
- Institute Gustave Roussy University Paris SUD 114, rue Edouard Vaillant Villejuif 94805France
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47
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Uversky VN. Unreported intrinsic disorder in proteins: Disorder emergency room. INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2015; 3:e1010999. [PMID: 28232885 DOI: 10.1080/21690707.2015.1010999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article continues an "Unreported Intrinsic Disorder in Proteins" series, the goal of which is to expose some interesting cases of missed (or overlooked, or ignored) disorder in proteins. The need for this series is justified by the observation that despite the fact that protein intrinsic disorder is widely accepted by the scientific community, there are still numerous instances when appreciation of this phenomenon is absent. This results in the avalanche of research papers which are talking about intrinsically disordered proteins (or hybrid proteins with ordered and disordered regions) not recognizing that they are talking about such proteins. Articles in the "Unreported Intrinsic Disorder in Proteins" series provide a fast fix for some of the recent noticeable disorder overlooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA; Biology Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Structural Dynamics; Stability and Folding of Proteins; Institute of Cytology; Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg, Russia
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48
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Abstract
Despite the enormously important and gratifying advances in cancer treatment outcomes for children with cancer, cancer remains the biggest cause of death from disease in children. Because the etiology and biology of cancers that occur in children differ dramatically from those that occur in adults, the immediate extrapolation of efficacy and safety of new cancer drugs to childhood cancer indications is not possible. We discuss factors that will play key roles in guiding pediatric oncologists as they select lines of research to pursue in their quest for more effective treatments for children with cancer.
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Pathak P, Jha P, Purkait S, Sharma V, Suri V, Sharma MC, Faruq M, Suri A, Sarkar C. Altered global histone-trimethylation code and H3F3A-ATRX mutation in pediatric GBM. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:489-97. [PMID: 25479829 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in H3.3-ATRX-DAXX chromatin remodeling pathway have been reported in pediatric GBMs. H3.3 (H3F3A) mutations may affect transcriptional regulation by altered global histone-methylation. Therefore, we analyzed yet partly understood global histone code (H3K-4/9/27/36) trimethylation pattern in H3F3A-ATRX mutants and wild-type. H3F3A, HIST1H3B, IDH1, ATRX, DAXX and Tp53 mutations were identified by sequencing/immunohistochemistry in 27 pediatric GBMs. Global histone-methylation H3K-4/9/27/36me3 and Polycomb-protein EZH2 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. H3F3A-ATRX mutation was observed in 66.7 % (18/27) of pediatric GBMs. K27M and G34R-H3F3A mutations were found in 37 % (10/27) and 14.8 % (4/27) patients respectively. G34V-H3F3A, HIST1H3B and IDH1 mutations were absent. Notably, commonest global histone-methylation mark lost was H3K27me3 (17/25, 68 %) followed by H3K4me3 (45.5 %, 10/22) and H3K9me3 (18.2 %, 4/22). Global H3K36me3 showed no loss. Most significant observation was loss of one or more histone-trimethylation mark in 80 % (20/25) pediatric GBMs. Notably, simultaneous loss of H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 were present in 7/22 (31.8 %) of pediatric GBMs. Low expression of EZH2 was found in 12/24 (50 %) of cases. However no significant correlation of loss of histone-marks or EZH2 expression with H3F3A-ATRX mutants (loss of at least one histone-marks in 87.5 % (14/16) cases) versus wild-types (loss of at least one histone-marks in 75 % (6/8) cases) was seen. The present study highlights for the first time combinatorial loss of one or more histone-trimethylation marks associated with majority of pediatric GBMs and the finding suggests significant role of histone-code in the molecular biology that underlies pediatric GBMs. Hence therapies for patients with particular combinations of histone modifications present opportunity to design innovative patient-tailored treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Pathak
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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50
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Bechet D, Gielen GGH, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Rousso C, Faury D, Fiset PO, Benlimane N, Lewis PW, Lu C, David Allis C, Kieran MW, Ligon KL, Pietsch T, Ellezam B, Albrecht S, Jabado N. Specific detection of methionine 27 mutation in histone 3 variants (H3K27M) in fixed tissue from high-grade astrocytomas. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:733-41. [PMID: 25200321 PMCID: PMC4201745 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies in pediatric high-grade astrocytomas (HGA) by our group and others have uncovered recurrent somatic mutations affecting highly conserved residues in histone 3 (H3) variants. One of these mutations leads to analogous p.Lys27Met (K27M) mutations in both H3.3 and H3.1 variants, is associated with rapid fatal outcome, and occurs specifically in HGA of the midline in children and young adults. This includes diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (80 %) and thalamic or spinal HGA (>90 %), which are surgically challenging locations with often limited tumor material available and critical need for specific histopathological markers. Here, we analyzed formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 143 pediatric HGA and 297 other primary brain tumors or normal brain. Immunohistochemical staining for H3K27M was compared to tumor genotype, and also compared to H3 tri-methylated lysine 27 (H3K27me3) staining, previously shown to be drastically decreased in samples carrying this mutation. There was a 100 % concordance between genotype and immunohistochemical analysis of H3K27M in tumor samples. Mutant H3K27M was expressed in the majority of tumor cells, indicating limited intra-tumor heterogeneity for this specific mutation within the limits of our dataset. Both H3.1 and H3.3K27M mutants were recognized by this antibody while non-neoplastic elements, such as endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells or lymphocytes, did not stain. H3K27me3 immunoreactivity was largely mutually exclusive with H3K27M positivity. These results demonstrate that mutant H3K27M can be specifically identified with high specificity and sensitivity using an H3K27M antibody and immunohistochemistry. Use of this antibody in the clinical setting will prove very useful for diagnosis, especially in the context of small biopsies in challenging midline tumors and will help orient care in the context of the extremely poor prognosis associated with this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bechet
- Departments of Experimental Medicine and of Human Genetics, McGill University, 4060 Ste Catherine West, PT239, Montreal, QC H3Z2Z3 Canada
| | - Gerrit G. H. Gielen
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caterina Rousso
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Damien Faury
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fiset
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Naciba Benlimane
- Research Pathology Facility, MCETC, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Peter W. Lewis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - C. David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - Mark W. Kieran
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Keith L. Ligon
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Department of Pathology, CHU Ste-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
- Hopital Ste Justine, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Steffen Albrecht
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
- Montreal Children’s Hospital, Montreal, QC H3H1P3 Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Departments of Experimental Medicine and of Human Genetics, McGill University, 4060 Ste Catherine West, PT239, Montreal, QC H3Z2Z3 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
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