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Ota M, Maki H, Takahashi Y, Shigemoto Y, Kimura Y, Matsuda H, Sato N. Relationships between neuroimaging biomarkers and glymphatic-system activity in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurosci Lett 2024; 842:137995. [PMID: 39307177 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein deposits in the brain have been suspected to cause Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). It was recently revealed that the glymphatic system is largely responsible for the removal of alpha-synuclein. We investigated changes in the glymphatic system's activity by determining the DTI‑ALPS (diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space) index in DLB patients. Twenty-six patients with DLB and 43 healthy subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning at our hospital during the period April 2013 to March 2023. We retrospectively computed each subject's DTI‑ALPS index to evaluate his/her glymphatic-system activity and then analyzed the relationships between the subjects' DTI‑ALPS index data and their DLB neuroimaging biomarker values. A significant reduction of the DTI‑ALPS index was observed in the patients with DLB compared to the healthy subjects. Significant positive correlations were also detected in the DLB group between the DTI‑ALPS index and the regional gray matter volume in the left insula and between the index and the specific binding ratio of 123I-N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carboxymethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane ([123I]-FP-CIT). These results indicate that (i) the DTI‑ALPS index is a good biomarker of the progression of DLB, and (ii) this index might be effective to distinguish DLB from other neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ota
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Maki
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yoko Shigemoto
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yukio Kimura
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
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Yue Y, Zhang X, Lv W, Lai HY, Shen T. Interplay between the glymphatic system and neurotoxic proteins in Parkinson's disease and related disorders: current knowledge and future directions. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1973-1980. [PMID: 38227524 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with abnormal aggregation and accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, including α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and tau, in addition to the impaired elimination of these neurotoxic protein. Atypical parkinsonism, which has the same clinical presentation and neuropathology as Parkinson's disease, expands the disease landscape within the continuum of Parkinson's disease and related disorders. The glymphatic system is a waste clearance system in the brain, which is responsible for eliminating the neurotoxic proteins from the interstitial fluid. Impairment of the glymphatic system has been proposed as a significant contributor to the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease, as it exacerbates the aggregation of neurotoxic proteins and deteriorates neuronal damage. Therefore, impairment of the glymphatic system could be considered as the final common pathway to neurodegeneration. Previous evidence has provided initial insights into the potential effect of the impaired glymphatic system on Parkinson's disease and related disorders; however, many unanswered questions remain. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the growing literature on the glymphatic system in Parkinson's disease and related disorders. The focus of this review is on identifying the manifestations and mechanisms of interplay between the glymphatic system and neurotoxic proteins, including loss of polarization of aquaporin-4 in astrocytic endfeet, sleep and circadian rhythms, neuroinflammation, astrogliosis, and gliosis. This review further delves into the underlying pathophysiology of the glymphatic system in Parkinson's disease and related disorders, and the potential implications of targeting the glymphatic system as a novel and promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Yue
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wen Lv
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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3
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Pang H, Wang J, Yu Z, Yu H, Li X, Bu S, Zhao M, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Fan G. Glymphatic function from diffusion-tensor MRI to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2024; 271:5598-5609. [PMID: 38913186 PMCID: PMC11319419 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although brain glymphatic dysfunction is a contributing factor to the cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD), its role in the longitudinal progression of cognitive dysfunction remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the glymphatic function in PD with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that progresses to dementia (PDD) and to determine its predictive value in identifying individuals at high risk for developing dementia. METHODS We included 64 patients with PD meeting criteria for MCI and categorized them as either progressed to PDD (converters) (n = 29) or did not progress to PDD (nonconverters) (n = 35), depending on whether they developed dementia during follow-up. Meanwhile, 35 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were included. Bilateral diffusion-tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) indices and enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) volume fraction in bilateral centrum semiovale, basal ganglia (BG), and midbrain were compared among the three groups. Correlations among the DTI-ALPS index and EPVS, as well as cognitive performance were analyzed. Additionally, we investigated the mediation effect of EPVS on DTI-ALPS and cognitive function. RESULTS PDD converters had lower cognitive composites scores in the executive domains than did nonconverters (P < 0.001). Besides, PDD converters had a significantly lower DTI-ALPS index in the left hemisphere (P < 0.001) and a larger volume fraction of BG-PVS (P = 0.03) compared to HC and PDD nonconverters. Lower DTI-ALPS index and increased BG-PVS volume fraction were associated with worse performance in the global cognitive performance and executive function. However, there was no significant mediating effect. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the DTI-ALPS could effectively identify PDD converters with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.850. CONCLUSION The reduction of glymphatic activity, measured by the DTI-ALPS, could potentially be used as a non-invasive indicator in forecasting high risk of dementia conversion before the onset of dementia in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Pang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Juzhou Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziyang Yu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuting Bu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengwan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yueluan Jiang
- MR Research Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoguang Fan
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Pramotton FM, Spitz S, Kamm RD. Challenges and Future Perspectives in Modeling Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Organ-on-a-Chip Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403892. [PMID: 38922799 PMCID: PMC11348103 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) affect more than 50 million people worldwide, posing a significant global health challenge as well as a high socioeconomic burden. With aging constituting one of the main risk factors for some NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), this societal toll is expected to rise considering the predicted increase in the aging population as well as the limited progress in the development of effective therapeutics. To address the high failure rates in clinical trials, legislative changes permitting the use of alternatives to traditional pre-clinical in vivo models are implemented. In this regard, microphysiological systems (MPS) such as organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms constitute a promising tool, due to their ability to mimic complex and human-specific tissue niches in vitro. This review summarizes the current progress in modeling NDDs using OoC technology and discusses five critical aspects still insufficiently addressed in OoC models to date. Taking these aspects into consideration in the future MPS will advance the modeling of NDDs in vitro and increase their translational value in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Michela Pramotton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
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Wood KH, Nenert R, Miften AM, Kent GW, Sleyster M, Memon RA, Joop A, Pilkington J, Memon AA, Wilson RN, Catiul C, Szaflarski J, Amara AW. Diffusion Tensor Imaging-Along the Perivascular-Space Index Is Associated with Disease Progression in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38988232 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glymphatic clearance pathway is a waste clearance system that allows for removal of soluble proteins such as amyloid β (Aβ) from the brain. Higher Aβ levels are associated with cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion tensor imaging-along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) is an imaging measure proposed to indirectly measure glymphatic function. OBJECTIVES Evaluate differences in DTI-ALPS-index between PD and healthy controls (HC) and characterize relationships between this proposed measure of glymphatic clearance, cognition, and disease severity in PD. METHODS PD (n = 32) and HC (n = 23) participants underwent brain imaging to assess DTI-ALPS. PD participants were classified as PD-normal cognition (PD-NC; n = 20) or PD-mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI; n = 12) based on a Level II comprehensive cognitive assessment. A subgroup of PD participants (n = 21) returned for annual assessments for up to 4 years after baseline. Longitudinal outcomes included changes in performance on the comprehensive cognitive assessment and changes in the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). RESULTS PD participants had lower DTI-ALPS-index compared to HC. PD participants classified as PD-MCI had significantly lower DTI-ALPS-index compared to PD-NC. Lower DTI-ALPS-index at baseline was associated with longitudinal cognitive decline and worse longitudinal disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Glymphatic clearance, as measured with DTI-ALPS, has potential to serve as a marker of longitudinal disease progression. Interventions targeting glymphatic function should be explored for potential to slow cognitive decline in PD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Wood
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Psychology, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rodolphe Nenert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Aya M Miften
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - George W Kent
- Department of Psychology, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Madison Sleyster
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Raima A Memon
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allen Joop
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jennifer Pilkington
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Adeel A Memon
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Riis N Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Corina Catiul
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jerzy Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amy W Amara
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Rehman MU, Sehar N, Rasool I, Aldossari RM, Wani AB, Rashid SM, Wali AF, Ali A, Arafah A, Khan A. Glymphatic pathway: An emerging perspective in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2024; 39:e6104. [PMID: 38877354 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is widely recognized as the only organ system without lymphatic capillaries to promote the removal of interstitial metabolic by-products. Thus, the newly identified glymphatic system which provides a pseudolymphatic activity in the nervous system has been focus of latest research in neurosciences. Also, findings reported that, sleep stimulates the elimination actions of glymphatic system and is linked to normal brain homeostatis. The CNS is cleared of potentially hazardous compounds via the glymphatic system, particularly during sleep. Any age-related alterations in brain functioning and pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative illnesses indicates the disturbance of the brain's glymphatic system. In this context, β-amyloid as well as tau leaves the CNS through the glymphatic system, it's functioning and CSF discharge markedly altered in elderly brains as per many findings. Thus, glymphatic failure may have a potential mechanism which may be therapeutically targetable in several neurodegenerative and age-associated cognitive diseases. Therefore, there is an urge to focus for more research into the connection among glymphatic system and several potential brain related diseases. Here, in our current review paper, we reviewed current research on the glymphatic system's involvement in a number of prevalent neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases and, we also discussed several therapeutic approaches, diet and life style modifications which might be used to acquire a more thorough performance and purpose of the glymphatic system to decipher novel prospects for clinical applicability for the management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouroz Sehar
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Iyman Rasool
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College (GMC-Srinagar), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rana M Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Bashir Wani
- Division of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahzada Mudasir Rashid
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alusteng, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Adil Farooq Wali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aarif Ali
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alusteng, Shuhama, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Pierobon Mays G, Hett K, Eisma J, McKnight CD, Elenberger J, Song AK, Considine C, Richerson WT, Han C, Stark A, Claassen DO, Donahue MJ. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid motion in patients with Parkinson's disease revealed by magnetic resonance imaging with low b-value diffusion weighted imaging. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:40. [PMID: 38725029 PMCID: PMC11080257 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopamine-responsive symptoms as well as aggregation of α-synuclein protofibrils. New diagnostic methods assess α-synuclein aggregation characteristics from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and recent pathophysiologic mechanisms suggest that CSF circulation disruptions may precipitate α-synuclein retention. Here, diffusion-weighted MRI with low-to-intermediate diffusion-weightings was applied to test the hypothesis that CSF motion is reduced in Parkinson's disease relative to healthy participants. METHODS Multi-shell diffusion weighted MRI (spatial resolution = 1.8 × 1.8 × 4.0 mm) with low-to-intermediate diffusion weightings (b-values = 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 700, and 1000 s/mm2) was applied over the approximate kinetic range of suprasellar cistern fluid motion at 3 Tesla in Parkinson's disease (n = 27; age = 66 ± 6.7 years) and non-Parkinson's control (n = 32; age = 68 ± 8.9 years) participants. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were applied to test the primary hypothesis that the noise floor-corrected decay rate of CSF signal as a function of b-value, which reflects increasing fluid motion, is reduced within the suprasellar cistern of persons with versus without Parkinson's disease and inversely relates to choroid plexus activity assessed from perfusion-weighted MRI (significance-criteria: p < 0.05). RESULTS Consistent with the primary hypothesis, CSF decay rates were higher in healthy (D = 0.00673 ± 0.00213 mm2/s) relative to Parkinson's disease (D = 0.00517 ± 0.00110 mm2/s) participants. This finding was preserved after controlling for age and sex and was observed in the posterior region of the suprasellar cistern (p < 0.001). An inverse correlation between choroid plexus perfusion and decay rate in the voxels within the suprasellar cistern (Spearman's-r=-0.312; p = 0.019) was observed. CONCLUSIONS Multi-shell diffusion MRI was applied to identify reduced CSF motion at the level of the suprasellar cistern in adults with versus without Parkinson's disease; the strengths and limitations of this methodology are discussed in the context of the growing literature on CSF flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kilian Hett
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jarrod Eisma
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Colin D McKnight
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason Elenberger
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander K Song
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ciaran Considine
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wesley T Richerson
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caleb Han
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam Stark
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Yaghoobi Z, Seyed Bagher Nazeri SS, Asadi A, Derafsh E, Talebi Taheri A, Tamtaji Z, Dadgostar E, Rahmati-Dehkordi F, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR, Nabavizadeh F. Non-coding RNAs and Aquaporin 4: Their Role in the Pathogenesis of Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:583-596. [PMID: 38114727 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a major group of non-communicable diseases affecting quality of life. Non-Coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have an important role in the etiology of neurological disorders. In studies on the genesis of neurological diseases, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression and activity have both been linked to ncRNAs. The upregulation or downregulation of several ncRNAs leads to neurological disorder progression by targeting AQP4. The role of ncRNAs and AQP4 in neurological disorders is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Yaghoobi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. of Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. of Iran
| | | | - Amir Asadi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Addiction Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ehsan Derafsh
- Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, St Kitts and Nevis
| | - Abdolkarim Talebi Taheri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tamtaji
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. of Iran
| | - Ehsan Dadgostar
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. of Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahmati-Dehkordi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. of Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. of Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. of Iran.
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. of Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. of Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. of Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. of Iran.
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9
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Sun Z, Zhang X, Dong Y, Liu Y, Wang C, Li Y, Ma C, Xu G, Wang S, Yang C, Zhang G, Cong B. Norepinephrine-Activated p38 MAPK Pathway Mediates Stress-Induced Cytotoxic Edema of Basolateral Amygdala Astrocytes. Brain Sci 2024; 14:161. [PMID: 38391735 PMCID: PMC10887202 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is a core region in the limbic system that is highly sensitive to stress. Astrocytes are key players in stress disorders such as anxiety and depression. However, the effects of stress on the morphology and function of amygdala astrocytes and its potential mechanisms remain largely unknown. Hence, we performed in vivo and in vitro experiments using a restraint stress (RS) rat model and stress-induced astrocyte culture, respectively. Our data show that norepinephrine (NE) content increased, cytotoxic edema occurred, and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression was up-regulated in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) obtained from RS rats. Additionally, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was also observed to be significantly activated in the BLA of rats subjected to RS. The administration of NE to in vitro astrocytes increased the AQP4 level and induced cell edema. Furthermore, p38 MAPK signaling was activated. The NE inhibitor alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT) alleviated cytotoxic edema in astrocytes, inhibited AQP4 expression, and inactivated the p38 MAPK pathway in RS rats. Meanwhile, in the in vitro experiment, the p38 MAPK signaling inhibitor SB203580 reversed NE-induced cytotoxic edema and down-regulated the expression of AQP4 in astrocytes. Briefly, NE-induced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway mediated cytotoxic edema in BLA astrocytes from RS rats. Thus, our data provide novel evidence that NE-induced p38 MAPK pathway activation may be one of the mechanisms leading to cytotoxic edema in BLA under stress conditions, which also could enable the development of an effective therapeutic strategy against cytotoxic edema in BLA under stress and provide new ideas for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoling Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yiming Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yichang Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yingmin Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Guangming Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Songjun Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chenteng Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Hebei Province Laboratory of Experimental Animal, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Bin Cong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Hainan Tropical Forensic Medicine Academician Workstation, Haikou 571199, China
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10
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Huang H, Lin L, Wu T, Wu C, Zhou L, Li G, Su F, Liang F, Guo W, Chen W, Jiang Q, Guan Y, Li X, Xu P, Zhang Y, Smith W, Pei Z. Phosphorylation of AQP4 by LRRK2 R1441G impairs glymphatic clearance of IFNγ and aggravates dopaminergic neurodegeneration. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:31. [PMID: 38296953 PMCID: PMC10831045 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is essential for normal functioning of the brain's glymphatic system. Impaired glymphatic function is associated with neuroinflammation. Recent clinical evidence suggests the involvement of glymphatic dysfunction in LRRK2-associated Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon (IFN) γ interacts with LRRK2 to induce neuroinflammation. Therefore, we examined the AQP4-dependent glymphatic system's role in IFNγ-mediated neuroinflammation in LRRK2-associated PD. We found that LRRK2 interacts with and phosphorylates AQP4 in vitro and in vivo. AQP4 phosphorylation by LRRK2 R1441G induced AQP4 depolarization and disrupted glymphatic IFNγ clearance. Exogeneous IFNγ significantly increased astrocyte expression of IFNγ receptor, amplified AQP4 depolarization, and exacerbated neuroinflammation in R1441G transgenic mice. Conversely, inhibiting LRRK2 restored AQP4 polarity, improved glymphatic function, and reduced IFNγ-mediated neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Our findings establish a link between LRRK2-mediated AQP4 phosphorylation and IFNγ-mediated neuroinflammation in LRRK2-associated PD, guiding the development of LRRK2 targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengteng Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leping Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengjuan Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyin Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weineng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalun Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanli Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Lapshina KV, Ekimova IV. Aquaporin-4 and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1672. [PMID: 38338949 PMCID: PMC10855351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The water-selective channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is implicated in water homeostasis and the functioning of the glymphatic system, which eliminates various metabolites from the brain tissue, including amyloidogenic proteins. Misfolding of the α-synuclein protein and its post-translational modifications play a crucial role in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleopathies, leading to the formation of cytotoxic oligomers and aggregates that cause neurodegeneration. Human and animal studies have shown an interconnection between AQP4 dysfunction and α-synuclein accumulation; however, the specific role of AQP4 in these mechanisms remains unclear. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of AQP4 dysfunction in the progression of α-synuclein pathology, considering the possible effects of AQP4 dysregulation on brain molecular mechanisms that can impact α-synuclein modification, accumulation and aggregation. It also highlights future directions that can help study the role of AQP4 in the functioning of the protective mechanisms of the brain during the development of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia V. Lapshina
- Laboratory of Comparative Thermophysiology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of RAS, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
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12
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Sharma T, Kumar R, Mukherjee S. Neuronal Vulnerability to Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease and Therapeutic Approaches. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:715-730. [PMID: 37185323 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230426155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Despite the crucial threat it poses, currently, no specific therapy exists that can completely reverse or halt the progression of the disease. Parkinson's disease pathology is driven by neurodegeneration caused by the intraneuronal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Parkinson's disease is a multiorgan disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) as well as the autonomic nervous system. A bidirectional route of spreading α-syn from the gut to CNS through the vagus nerve and vice versa has also been reported. Despite our understanding of the molecular and pathophysiological aspects of Parkinson's disease, many questions remain unanswered regarding the selective vulnerability of neuronal populations, the neuromodulatory role of the locus coeruleus, and alpha-synuclein aggregation. This review article aims to describe the probable factors that contribute to selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease, such as genetic predisposition, bioenergetics, and the physiology of neurons, as well as the interplay of environmental and exogenous modulators. This review also highlights various therapeutic strategies with cell transplants, through viral gene delivery, by targeting α-synuclein and aquaporin protein or epidermal growth factor receptors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The application of regenerative medicine and patient-specific personalized approaches have also been explored as promising strategies in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sayali Mukherjee
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Leta V, Cilia R. "Watch out for the break in the dam": Is Aquaporins dysfunction the missing link between immune dysregulation, glia activation, and neurodegeneration? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 117:105938. [PMID: 38007307 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Leta
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy; Parkinson's Centre of Excellence at King's College Hospital and King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Sandhya P, Danda D. Exploring the connection between Parkinson's disease and Sjögren's syndrome: The aquaporin link. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 117:105863. [PMID: 37770322 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pulukool Sandhya
- Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Center, Narayana Health City, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560099, India.
| | - Debasish Danda
- Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, India
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15
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Jazaeri SZ, Taghizadeh G, Babaei JF, Goudarzi S, Saadatmand P, Joghataei MT, Khanahmadi Z. Aquaporin 4 beyond a water channel; participation in motor, sensory, cognitive and psychological performances, a comprehensive review. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114353. [PMID: 37714320 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a protein highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as various other organs, whose different sites of action indicate its importance in various functions. AQP4 has a variety of essential roles beyond water homeostasis. In this article, we have for the first time summarized different roles of AQP4 in motor and sensory functions, besides cognitive and psychological performances, and most importantly, possible physiological mechanisms by which AQP4 can exert its effects. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AQP4 participates in pathology of different neurological disorders, various effects depending on the disease type. Since neurological diseases involve a spectrum of dysfunctions and due to the difficulty of obtaining a treatment that can simultaneously affect these deficits, it is therefore suggested that future studies consider the role of this protein in different functional impairments related to neurological disorders simultaneously or separately by targeting AQP4 expression and/or polarity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Zohreh Jazaeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Goudarzi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Saadatmand
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Zohreh Khanahmadi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Services, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Gędek A, Koziorowski D, Szlufik S. Assessment of factors influencing glymphatic activity and implications for clinical medicine. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1232304. [PMID: 37767530 PMCID: PMC10520725 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1232304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is a highly specialized fluid transport system in the central nervous system. It enables the exchange of the intercellular fluid of the brain, regulation of the movement of this fluid, clearance of unnecessary metabolic products, and, potentially, brain immunity. In this review, based on the latest scientific reports, we present the mechanism of action and function of the glymphatic system and look at the role of factors influencing its activity. Sleep habits, eating patterns, coexisting stress or hypertension, and physical activity can significantly affect glymphatic activity. Modifying them can help to change lives for the better. In the next section of the review, we discuss the connection between the glymphatic system and neurological disorders. Its association with many disease entities suggests that it plays a major role in the physiology of the whole brain, linking many pathophysiological pathways of individual diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gędek
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Praski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Koziorowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Szlufik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Mays GP, Hett K, Eisma J, McKnight CD, Elenberger J, Song AK, Considine C, Han C, Stark A, Claassen DO, Donahue MJ. Reduced suprasellar cistern cerebrospinal fluid motion in patients with Parkinson's disease revealed by magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic cycling of diffusion weightings. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3311121. [PMID: 37720044 PMCID: PMC10503842 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3311121/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopamine-responsive symptoms as well as aggregation and accumulation of a-synuclein protofibrils. New diagnostic methods assess a-synuclein aggregation characteristics from cerebrospinal fluid and recent pathophysiologic mechanisms suggest that cerebrospinal fluid circulation disruptions may precipitate a-synuclein retention. Here, we test the hypothesis that cerebrospinal fluid motion at the level of the suprasellar cistern is reduced in Parkinson's disease relative to healthy participants and this reduction relates to choroid plexus perfusion. METHODS Diffusion weighted imaging (spatial resolution=1.8×1.8×4 mm) magnetic resonance imaging with cycling of diffusion weightings (b-values=0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 700, and 1000 s/mm2) over the approximate kinetic range of suprasellar cistern neurofluid motion was applied at 3-Tesla in Parkinson's disease (n=27; age=66±6.7 years) and healthy (n=32; age=68±8.9 years) participants. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were applied to test the primary hypothesis that the decay rate of cerebrospinal fluid signal as a function of b-value, which reflects increasing fluid motion, is reduced in persons with versus without Parkinson's disease and inversely relates to choroid plexus activity assessed from perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (Spearman rank-order correlation; significance-criteria: p<0.05). RESULTS Consistent with the primary hypothesis, decay rates were higher in healthy (D=0.00328±0.00123mm2/s) relative to Parkinson's disease (D=0.00256±0.0094mm2/s) participants (p=0.016). This finding was preserved after controlling for age and sex. An inverse correlation between choroid plexus perfusion and decay rate (p=0.011) was observed in Parkinson's disease participants. CONCLUSIONS Cerebrospinal fluid motion at the level of the suprasellar cistern is often reduced in adults with versus without Parkinson's disease and this reduction correlates on average with choroid plexus perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Caleb Han
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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18
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Ciurea AV, Mohan AG, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Saceleanu VM. The Brain's Glymphatic System: Drawing New Perspectives in Neuroscience. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1005. [PMID: 37508938 PMCID: PMC10377460 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper delves into the intricate structure and functionality of the brain's glymphatic system, bringing forth new dimensions in its neuroscientific understanding. This paper commences by exploring the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-its localization, production, and pivotal role within the central nervous system, acting as a cushion and vehicle for nutrient distribution and waste elimination. We then transition into an in-depth study of the morphophysiological aspects of the glymphatic system, a recent discovery revolutionizing the perception of waste clearance from the brain, highlighting its lymphatic-like characteristics and remarkable operations. This paper subsequently emphasizes the glymphatic system's potential implications in Alzheimer's disease (AD), discussing the connection between inefficient glymphatic clearance and AD pathogenesis. This review also elucidates the intriguing interplay between the glymphatic system and the circadian rhythm, illustrating the optimal functioning of glymphatic clearance during sleep. Lastly, we underscore the hitherto underappreciated involvement of the glymphatic system in the tumoral microenvironment, potentially impacting tumor growth and progression. This comprehensive paper accentuates the glymphatic system's pivotal role in multiple domains, fostering an understanding of the brain's waste clearance mechanisms and offering avenues for further research into neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Neurosurgery Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurel George Mohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bihor County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 410167 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oradea University, 410610 Oradea, Romania
| | | | - Horia Petre Costin
- Neurosurgery Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vicentiu Mircea Saceleanu
- Neurosurgery Department, Sibiu County Emergency Hospital, 550245 Sibiu, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, "Lucian Blaga" University of Medicine, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
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19
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Cardinali DP, Garay A. Melatonin as a Chronobiotic/Cytoprotective Agent in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050797. [PMID: 37239269 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dream-enactment behavior that emerges during episodes of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without muscle atonia is a parasomnia known as REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD). RBD constitutes a prodromal marker of α-synucleinopathies and serves as one of the best biomarkers available to predict diseases such as Parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies. Most patients showing RBD will convert to an α-synucleinopathy about 10 years after diagnosis. The diagnostic advantage of RBD relies on the prolonged prodromal time, its predictive power and the absence of disease-related treatments that could act as confounders. Therefore, patients with RBD are candidates for neuroprotection trials that delay or prevent conversion to a pathology with abnormal α-synuclein metabolism. The administration of melatonin in doses exhibiting a chronobiotic/hypnotic effect (less than 10 mg daily) is commonly used as a first line treatment (together with clonazepam) of RBD. At a higher dose, melatonin may also be an effective cytoprotector to halt α-synucleinopathy progression. However, allometric conversion doses derived from animal studies (in the 100 mg/day range) are rarely employed clinically regardless of the demonstrated absence of toxicity of melatonin in phase 1 pharmacological studies with doses up to 100 mg in normal volunteers. This review discusses the application of melatonin in RBD: (a) as a symptomatic treatment in RBD; (b) as a possible disease-modifying treatment in α-synucleinopathies. To what degree melatonin has therapeutic efficacy in the prevention of α-synucleinopathies awaits further investigation, in particular multicenter double-blind trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cardinali
- CENECON, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1431FWO, Argentina
| | - Arturo Garay
- Unidad de Medicina del Sueño-Sección Neurología, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno" (CEMIC), Buenos Aires C1431FWO, Argentina
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20
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, He XZ, Li ZH, Meng JC, Mao RT, Li X, Xue R, Gui Q, Zhang GX, Wang LH. Interaction Between the Glymphatic System and α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2209-2222. [PMID: 36637746 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The glymphatic system contributes to the clearance of amyloid-β from the brain and is disrupted in Alzheimer's disease. However, whether the system is involved in the removal of α-synuclein (α-syn) and whether it is suppressed in Parkinson's disease (PD) remain largely unknown. In mice receiving the intranigral injection of recombinant human α-syn, we found that the glymphatic suppression via aquaporin-4 (AQP4) gene deletion or acetazolamide treatment reduced the clearance of injected α-syn from the brain. In mice overexpressing the human A53T-α-syn, we revealed that AQP4 deficiency accelerated the accumulation of α-syn, facilitated the loss of dopaminergic neurons, and accelerated PD-like symptoms. We also found that the overexpression of A53T-α-syn reduced the expression/polarization of AQP4 and suppressed the glymphatic activity of mice. The study demonstrates a close interaction between the AQP4-mediated glymphatic system and parenchymal α-syn, indicating that restoring the glymphatic activity is a potential therapeutic target to delay PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Zhong He
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Cai Meng
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ting Mao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xue
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gui
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, 26 Dao-Qian Street, Suzhou, 215002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Ma C, Yu R, Li J, Xiao E, Guo J, Wang X, Li G, Liu P. Cross-sectional study and bioinformatics analysis to reveal the correlations of osteoporosis in patients with Parkinson's disease. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112111. [PMID: 36736467 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoporosis and Parkinson's disease (PD) are both aging-related diseases. PD patients with comorbid osteoporosis are vulnerable to the risk of fracture, which leads to a serious public health burden to the whole society. Therefore, this study sought to reveal the clinical and genetic correlations between PD and osteoporosis based on a cross-sectional study and bioinformatics analysis. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 95 PD patients and 99 healthy controls was conducted. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the clinical correlations between PD and osteoporosis. Two microarray datasets (GSE20292, GSE35958) including PD, osteoporosis and normal control samples were retrieved from the GEO database for GO analysis, KEGG pathway analysis and PPI network. RESULTS PD patients had lower 25(OH)VitD, FN BMD, BMD and T-score of the LS and TH, as well as poorer bone mass diagnosis, yet higher PINP compared to healthy controls. Both age and UPDRS II score of PD patients were adversely correlated with BMD of LS and TH. PD diagnosis acted as an independent risk factor of osteoporosis, and PD patients had approximately double risk for osteoporosis. Bioinformatics analysis further revealed that SNAP25, AQP4, SV2B, KCND3, and ABCA2 had important diagnostic value and risk prediction value for both PD and osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS PD diagnosis can be used as an independent risk factor for osteoporosis. Moreover, SNAP25, AQP4, SV2B, KCND3 and ABCA2 as the top 5 hub genes have important diagnostic and risk predictive value for both PD and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ronghui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Erya Xiao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Guanglei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, China.
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22
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Chu Y, Hirst WD, Kordower JH. Mixed pathology as a rule, not exception: Time to reconsider disease nosology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 192:57-71. [PMID: 36796948 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85538-9.00012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein is considered a key pathological feature during disease initiation and progression. While clearly deemed a synucleinopathy, the development of amyloid-β plaques, tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles, and even TDP-43 protein inclusions occur within the nigrostriatal system and in other brain regions. In addition, inflammatory responses, manifested by glial reactivity, T-cell infiltration, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, plus other toxic mediators derived from activated glial cells, are currently recognized as prominent drivers of Parkinson's disease pathology. However, copathologies have increasingly been recognized as the rule (>90%) and not the exception, with Parkinson's disease cases on average exhibiting three different copathologies. While microinfarcts, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy may have an impact on disease progression, α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and TDP-43 pathology do not seem to contribute to progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chu
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Warren D Hirst
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
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23
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Buzoianu AD, Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Feng L, Huang H, Chen L, Tian ZR, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanodelivery of Histamine H3/H4 Receptor Modulators BF-2649 and Clobenpropit with Antibodies to Amyloid Beta Peptide in Combination with Alpha Synuclein Reduces Brain Pathology in Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:55-96. [PMID: 37480459 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) in military personnel engaged in combat operations is likely to develop in their later lives. In order to enhance the quality of lives of PD patients, exploration of novel therapy based on new research strategies is highly warranted. The hallmarks of PD include increased alpha synuclein (ASNC) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leading to brain pathology. In addition, there are evidences showing increased histaminergic nerve fibers in substantia niagra pars compacta (SNpc), striatum (STr), and caudate putamen (CP) associated with upregulation of histamine H3 receptors and downregulation of H4 receptors in human brain. Previous studies from our group showed that modulation of potent histaminergic H3 receptor inverse agonist BF-2549 or clobenpropit (CLBPT) partial histamine H4 agonist with H3 receptor antagonist induces neuroprotection in PD brain pathology. Recent studies show that PD also enhances amyloid beta peptide (AβP) depositions in brain. Keeping these views in consideration in this review, nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies to AβP together with ASNC and H3/H4 modulator drugs on PD brain pathology is discussed based on our own observations. Our investigation shows that TiO2 nanowired BF-2649 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or CLBPT (1 mg/kg, i.p.) once daily for 1 week together with nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to AβP and ASNC induced superior neuroprotection in PD-induced brain pathology. These observations are the first to show the modulation of histaminergic receptors together with antibodies to AβP and ASNC induces superior neuroprotection in PD. These observations open new avenues for the development of novel drug therapies for clinical strategies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongyun Huang
- Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Xiao M, Hou J, Xu M, Li S, Yang B. Aquaporins in Nervous System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:99-124. [PMID: 36717489 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the nine AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2, and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, AQP4 has been demonstrated as a functional regulator of recently discovered glymphatic system that is a main contributor to clearance of toxic macromolecule from the brain. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaoyu Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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25
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Verghese JP, Terry A, de Natale ER, Politis M. Research Evidence of the Role of the Glymphatic System and Its Potential Pharmacological Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11236964. [PMID: 36498538 PMCID: PMC9735716 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system is a unique pathway that utilises end-feet Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) channels within perivascular astrocytes, which is believed to cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflow into perivascular space (PVS), providing nutrients and waste disposal of the brain parenchyma. It is theorised that the bulk flow of CSF within the PVS removes waste products, soluble proteins, and products of metabolic activity, such as amyloid-β (Aβ). In the experimental model, the glymphatic system is selectively active during slow-wave sleep, and its activity is affected by both sleep dysfunction and deprivation. Dysfunction of the glymphatic system has been proposed as a potential key driver of neurodegeneration. This hypothesis is indirectly supported by the close relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and sleep alterations, frequently occurring years before the clinical diagnosis. Therefore, a detailed characterisation of the function of the glymphatic system in human physiology and disease would shed light on its early stage pathophysiology. The study of the glymphatic system is also critical to identifying means for its pharmacological modulation, which may have the potential for disease modification. This review will critically outline the primary evidence from literature about the dysfunction of the glymphatic system in neurodegeneration and discuss the rationale and current knowledge about pharmacological modulation of the glymphatic system in the animal model and its potential clinical applications in human clinical trials.
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26
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Lapshina KV, Abramova YY, Guzeev MA, Ekimova IV. TGN-020, an Inhibitor of the Water Channel Aquaporin-4, Accelerates Nigrostriatal Neurodegeneration in the Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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The Role of Glymphatic System in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092261. [PMID: 36140362 PMCID: PMC9496080 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative dementia, whilst Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder. These two neurodegenerative disorders share the accumulation of toxic proteins as a pathological hallmark. The lack of definitive disease-modifying treatments for these neurogenerative diseases has led to the hypothesis of new pathogenic mechanisms to target and design new potential therapeutic approaches. The recent observation that the glymphatic system is supposed to be responsible for the movement of cerebrospinal fluid into the brain and clearance of metabolic waste has led to study its involvement in the pathogenesis of these classic proteinopathies. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel located in the endfeet of astrocyte membrane, is considered a primary driver of the glymphatic clearance system, and defective AQP4-mediated glymphatic drainage has been linked to proteinopathies. The objective of the present review is to present the recent body of knowledge that links the glymphatic system to the pathogenesis of AD and PD disease and other lifestyle factors such as sleep deprivation and exercise that may influence glymphatic system function. We will also focus on the potential neuroimaging approaches that could identify a neuroimaging marker to detect glymphatic system changes.
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28
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Tong W, Zhang K, Yao H, Li L, Hu Y, Zhang J, Song Y, Guan Q, Li S, Sun YE, Jin L. Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Brain Region-Specific Gene Networks Regulated in Exercise in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:891644. [PMID: 35813950 PMCID: PMC9260255 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.891644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundExercise plays an essential role in improving motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the underlying mechanism in the central nervous system remains unclear.MethodsMotor ability was observed after 12-week treadmill exercise on a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. RNA-sequencing on four brain regions (cerebellum, cortex, substantia nigra (SN), and striatum) from control animals, MPTP-induced PD, and MPTP-induced PD model treated with exercise for 12 weeks were performed. Transcriptional networks on the four regions were further identified by an integrative network biology approach.ResultsThe 12-week treadmill exercise significantly improved the motor ability of an MPTP-induced mouse model of PD. RNA-seq analysis showed SN and striatum were remarkably different among individual region’s response to exercise in the PD model. Especially, synaptic regulation pathways about axon guidance, synapse assembly, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, transmitter transport-related pathway, and synaptic regulation genes, including Neurod2, Rtn4rl2, and Cd5, were upregulated in SN and striatum. Lastly, immunofluorescence staining revealed that exercise rescued the loss of TH+ synapses in the striatal region in PD mice, which validates the key role of synaptic regulation pathways in exercise-induced protective effects in vivo.ConclusionSN and striatum are important brain regions in which critical transcriptional changes, such as in synaptic regulation pathways, occur after the exercise intervention on the PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Tong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunshan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongkai Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Hu
- The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jingxing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Guan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siguang Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Siguang Li,
| | - Yi E. Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Yi E. Sun,
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Neurotoxin Research Center of Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Lingjing Jin,
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Zhang D, Li X, Li B. Glymphatic System Dysfunction in Central Nervous System Diseases and Mood Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:873697. [PMID: 35547631 PMCID: PMC9082304 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.873697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system, a recently discovered macroscopic waste removal system in the brain, has many unknown aspects, especially its driving forces and relationship with sleep, and thus further explorations of the relationship between the glymphatic system and a variety of possible related diseases are urgently needed. Here, we focus on the progress in current research on the role of the glymphatic system in several common central nervous system diseases and mood disorders, discuss the structural and functional abnormalities of the glymphatic system which may occur before or during the pathophysiological progress and the possible underlying mechanisms. We emphasize the relationship between sleep and the glymphatic system under pathological conditions and summarize the common imaging techniques for the glymphatic system currently available. The perfection of the glymphatic system hypothesis and the exploration of the effects of aging and endocrine factors on the central and peripheral regulatory pathways through the glymphatic system still require exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Zhang
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baoman Li
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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30
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Abstract
The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while homeostatic functions predominate during sleep. The blood-brain barrier establishes a stable environment that is optimal for neuronal function, yet the barrier imposes a physiological problem; transcapillary filtration that forms extracellular fluid in other organs is reduced to a minimum in brain. Consequently, the brain depends on a special fluid [the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] that is flushed into brain along the unique perivascular spaces created by astrocytic vascular endfeet. We describe this pathway, coined the term glymphatic system, based on its dependency on astrocytic vascular endfeet and their adluminal expression of aquaporin-4 water channels facing toward CSF-filled perivascular spaces. Glymphatic clearance of potentially harmful metabolic or protein waste products, such as amyloid-β, is primarily active during sleep, when its physiological drivers, the cardiac cycle, respiration, and slow vasomotion, together efficiently propel CSF inflow along periarterial spaces. The brain's extracellular space contains an abundance of proteoglycans and hyaluronan, which provide a low-resistance hydraulic conduit that rapidly can expand and shrink during the sleep-wake cycle. We describe this unique fluid system of the brain, which meets the brain's requisites to maintain homeostasis similar to peripheral organs, considering the blood-brain-barrier and the paths for formation and egress of the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaag Rasmussen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Humberto Mestre
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Lopes DM, Llewellyn SK, Harrison IF. Propagation of tau and α-synuclein in the brain: therapeutic potential of the glymphatic system. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:19. [PMID: 35314000 PMCID: PMC8935752 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are characterised by the accumulation of misfolded protein deposits in the brain, leading to a progressive destabilisation of the neuronal network and neuronal death. Among the proteins that can abnormally accumulate are tau and α-synuclein, which can propagate in a prion-like manner and which upon aggregation, represent the most common intracellular proteinaceous lesions associated with neurodegeneration. For years it was thought that these intracellular proteins and their accumulation had no immediate relationship with extracellular homeostasis pathways such as the glymphatic clearance system; however, mounting evidence has now suggested that this is not the case. The involvement of the glymphatic system in neurodegenerative disease is yet to be fully defined; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that this pathway contributes to parenchymal solute clearance. Importantly, recent data show that proteins prone to intracellular accumulation are subject to glymphatic clearance, suggesting that this system plays a key role in many neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a background on the biology of tau and α-synuclein and discuss the latest findings on the cell-to-cell propagation mechanisms of these proteins. Importantly, we discuss recent data demonstrating that manipulation of the glymphatic system may have the potential to alleviate and reduce pathogenic accumulation of propagation-prone intracellular cytotoxic proteins. Furthermore, we will allude to the latest potential therapeutic opportunities targeting the glymphatic system that might have an impact as disease modifiers in neurodegenerative diseases.
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32
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Wang S, Wang B, Shang D, Zhang K, Yan X, Zhang X. Ion Channel Dysfunction in Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814285. [PMID: 35222082 PMCID: PMC8864228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). Ion channels in these cells not only function in ion transport, and maintain water/ion metabolism homeostasis, but also participate in physiological processes of neurons and glial cells by regulating signaling pathways. Increasing evidence indicates the ion channel proteins of astrocytes, such as aquaporins (AQPs), transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channels, and P2X7 receptors (P2X7R), are strongly associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and characteristic proteins in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Since ion channel protein dysfunction is a significant pathological feature of astrocytes in neurodegenerative diseases, we discuss these critical proteins and their signaling pathways in order to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, which may yield new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Wang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Dehao Shang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaige Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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Liu Y, Hu PP, Zhai S, Feng WX, Zhang R, Li Q, Marshall C, Xiao M, Wu T. Aquaporin 4 deficiency eliminates the beneficial effects of voluntary exercise in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2079-2088. [PMID: 35142700 PMCID: PMC8848602 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.335169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous study showed that the protein aquaporin 4 (AQP4), which is specifically expressed on the paravascular processes of astrocytes, is necessary for glymphatic clearance of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) from the brain, which can delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, it is not known whether AQP4-regulated glymphatic clearance of extracellular Aβ is involved in beneficial effects of exercise in AD patients. Our results showed that after 2 months of voluntary wheel exercise, APP/PS1 mice that were 3 months old at the start of the intervention exhibited a decrease in Aβ burden, glial activation, perivascular AQP4 mislocalization, impaired glymphatic transport, synapse protein loss, and learning and memory defects compared with mice not subjected to the exercise intervention. In contrast, APP/PS1 mice that were 7 months old at the start of the intervention exhibited impaired AQP4 polarity and reduced glymphatic clearance of extracellular Aβ, and the above-mentioned impairments were not alleviated after the 2-month exercise intervention. Compared with age-matched APP/PS1 mice, AQP4 knockout APP/PS1 mice had more serious defects in glymphatic function, Aβ plaque deposition, and cognitive impairment, which could not be alleviated after the exercise intervention. These findings suggest that AQP4-dependent glymphatic transport is the neurobiological basis for the beneficial effects of voluntary exercises that protect against the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pan-Pan Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University; Brain Institute, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuang Zhai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Xi Feng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University; Brain Institute, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Charles Marshall
- College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky Center of Excellence in Rural Health, Hazard, KY, USA
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University; Brain Institute, the Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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34
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Xu D, Zhou J, Mei H, Li H, Sun W, Xu H. Impediment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage Through Glymphatic System in Glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:790821. [PMID: 35083148 PMCID: PMC8784869 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.790821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis in the central nervous system. In 2012, the new CSF outflow pathway, “the glymphatic system,” was discovered. The glymphatic system mediates CSF and interstitial fluid exchange through the perivascular pathway, which eliminates harmful solutes in the brain parenchyma. In recent studies, the importance of the glymphatic system has been demonstrated in healthy and neurodegenerative disease brains. However, there is limited research on the function of the CSF in brain tumors. Intracranial hypertension caused by glioma can affect CSF drainage, which impacts the delivery of chemotherapy drugs via intrathecal injection. This study focused on changes in the glymphatic system and the role of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in glymphatic transport in glioma. Methods In glioma-bearing rats, the effect of tracer infusion on the intracranial pressure (ICP) was evaluated using an ICP microsensor. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo bright field were used to monitor CSF tracer distribution after cisterna magna injection. AQP4 expression was quantitatively detected, and AQP4 in the astrocytes around the vessels was observed using immunofluorescence. Results The ICP of the tumor group was higher than that of the control group and the infusion rate of 2 µl/min did not affect ICP. In vivo and ex vivo imaging showed that the circulation of CSF tracers was significantly impaired in the tumor. High-power confocal microscopy revealed that, in the tumor, the surrounding of AQP4 by Evans Blue was decreased. In both tumor and contralateral areas, data indicated that the number of cluster designation 34 (CD34+) alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA−) veins were more than that of CD34+α-SMA+ arteries. Moreover, in the tumor area, AQP4 in the astrocytes around the vessels was decreased. Conclusions These findings indicate that the para-arterial influx of subarachnoid CSF is limited in glioma, especially in those with reduced levels of the fundamental protein AQP4. Our results provide evidence toward a potential new treatment method for glioma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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35
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Bancroft EA, Srinivasan R. Emerging Roles for Aberrant Astrocytic Calcium Signals in Parkinson's Disease. Front Physiol 2022; 12:812212. [PMID: 35087422 PMCID: PMC8787054 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes display a plethora of spontaneous Ca2+ signals that modulate vital functions of the central nervous system (CNS). This suggests that astrocytic Ca2+ signals also contribute to pathological processes in the CNS. In this context, the molecular mechanisms by which aberrant astrocytic Ca2+ signals trigger dopaminergic neuron loss during Parkinson's disease (PD) are only beginning to emerge. Here, we provide an evidence-based perspective on potential mechanisms by which aberrant astrocytic Ca2+ signals can trigger dysfunction in three distinct compartments of the brain, viz., neurons, microglia, and the blood brain barrier, thereby leading to PD. We envision that the coming decades will unravel novel mechanisms by which aberrant astrocytic Ca2+ signals contribute to PD and other neurodegenerative processes in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Bancroft
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Rahul Srinivasan
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), College Station, TX, United States
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36
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Disturbance of phylogenetic layer-specific adaptation of human brain gene expression in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20200. [PMID: 34642398 PMCID: PMC8511061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with typical neuropathological hallmarks, such as neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, preferentially found at layers III and V. The distribution of both hallmarks provides the basis for the staging of AD, following a hierarchical pattern throughout the cerebral cortex. To unravel the background of this layer-specific vulnerability, we evaluated differential gene expression of supragranular and infragranular layers and subcortical white matter in both healthy controls and AD patients. We identified AD-associated layer-specific differences involving protein-coding and non-coding sequences, most of those present in the subcortical white matter, thus indicating a critical role for long axons and oligodendrocytes in AD pathomechanism. In addition, GO analysis identified networks containing synaptic vesicle transport, vesicle exocytosis and regulation of neurotransmitter levels. Numerous AD-associated layer-specifically expressed genes were previously reported to undergo layer-specific switches in recent hominid brain evolution between layers V and III, i.e., those layers that are most vulnerable to AD pathology. Against the background of our previous finding of accelerated evolution of AD-specific gene expression, here we suggest a critical role in AD pathomechanism for this phylogenetic layer-specific adaptation of gene expression, which is most prominently seen in the white matter compartment.
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37
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Galli M, Hameed A, Żbikowski A, Zabielski P. Aquaporins in insulin resistance and diabetes: More than channels! Redox Biol 2021; 44:102027. [PMID: 34090243 PMCID: PMC8182305 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are part of the family of the integral membrane proteins. Their function is dedicated to the transport of water, glycerol, ammonia, urea, H2O2, and other small molecules across the biological membranes. Although for many years they were scarcely considered, AQPs have a relevant role in the development of many diseases. Recent discoveries suggest, that AQPs may play an important role in the process of fat accumulation and regulation of oxidative stress, two crucial aspects of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin resistance (IR) and T2D are multi-faceted systemic diseases with multiple connections to obesity and other comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Both IR and T2D transcends different tissues and organs, creating the maze of mutual relationships between adipose fat depots, skeletal muscle, liver and other insulin-sensitive organs. AQPs with their heterogenous properties, distinctive tissue distribution and documented involvement in both the lipid metabolism and regulation of the oxidative stress appear to be feasible candidates in the search for the explanation to this third-millennium plague. A lot of research has been assigned to adipose tissue AQP7 and liver tissue AQP9, clarifying their relationship and coordinated work in the induction of hepatic insulin resistance. Novel research points also to other aquaporins, such as AQP11 which may be associated with the induction of insulin resistance and T2D through its involvement in hydrogen peroxide transport. In this review we collected recent discoveries in the field of AQP's involvement in the insulin resistance and T2D. Novel paths which connect AQPs with metabolic disorders can give new fuel to the research on obesity, insulin resistance and T2D - one of the most worrying problems of the modern society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Galli
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ahsan Hameed
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Żbikowski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Poland.
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38
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Pérez-Lloret S, Cardinali DP. Melatonin as a Chronobiotic and Cytoprotective Agent in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650597. [PMID: 33935759 PMCID: PMC8082390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article discusses the role that melatonin may have in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In parkinsonian patients circulating melatonin levels are consistently disrupted and the potential therapeutic value of melatonin on sleep disorders in PD was examined in a limited number of clinical studies using 2–5 mg/day melatonin at bedtime. The low levels of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor density in substantia nigra and amygdala found in PD patients supported the hypothesis that the altered sleep/wake cycle seen in PD could be due to a disrupted melatonergic system. Motor symptomatology is seen in PD patients when about 75% of the dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta region degenerate. Nevertheless, symptoms like rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), hyposmia or depression may precede the onset of motor symptoms in PD for years and are index of worse prognosis. Indeed, RBD patients may evolve to an α-synucleinopathy within 10 years of RBD onset. Daily bedtime administration of 3–12 mg of melatonin has been demonstrated effective in RDB treatment and may halt neurodegeneration to PD. In studies on animal models of PD melatonin was effective to curtail symptomatology in doses that allometrically projected to humans were in the 40–100 mg/day range, rarely employed clinically. Therefore, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies are urgently needed in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Pérez-Lloret
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana-Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de La Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, UAI-CAECIHS. CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cui H, Wang W, Zheng X, Xia D, Liu H, Qin C, Tian H, Teng J. Decreased AQP4 Expression Aggravates ɑ-Synuclein Pathology in Parkinson's Disease Mice, Possibly via Impaired Glymphatic Clearance. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2500-2513. [PMID: 33772424 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01836-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, are the selective loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the presence of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies/Lewy neurites (LBs/LNs) in neurons. Recent studies have indicated that aquaporin 4 (AQP4), as a predominant water channel protein in the brain, is involved in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unclear whether AQP4 expression affects α-syn pathology in Parkinson's disease. In this study, we established a progressive PD model by subjecting AQP4 null (AQP4+/-) mice to bilateral intrastriatal injection of α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) and investigated the effect of decreased AQP4 expression on the development of PD. We found that decreased expression of AQP4 accelerated pathologic deposition of α-syn and facilitated the loss of dopamine neurons and behavioral disorders. Draining of macromolecules from the brain via the glymphatic pathway was slowed due to decreased AQP4 expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that decreased AQP4 expression may aggravate PD-like pathology, possibly via impairment of the glymphatic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Cui
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenkang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinhui Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Graduate School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Danhao Xia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chi Qin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junfang Teng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Parkinson and Movement Disorder, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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40
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Yang Z, Zhang X, Li C, Chi S, Xie A. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Reciprocal Interactions Between Sleep Disorders and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:592989. [PMID: 33642969 PMCID: PMC7902929 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.592989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake disruptions are among the most prevalent and burdensome non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical studies have demonstrated that these disturbances can precede the onset of typical motor symptoms by years, indicating that they may play a primary function in the pathogenesis of PD. Animal studies suggest that sleep facilitates the removal of metabolic wastes through the glymphatic system via convective flow from the periarterial space to the perivenous space, upregulates antioxidative defenses, and promotes the maintenance of neuronal protein homeostasis. Therefore, disruptions to the sleep-wake cycle have been associated with inefficient metabolic clearance and increased oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to excessive accumulation of alpha-synuclein and the induction of neuronal loss, both of which have been proposed to be contributing factors to the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that PD-related pathophysiological alterations during the prodromal phase disrupt sleep and circadian rhythms. Taken together, these findings indicate potential mechanistic interactions between sleep-wake disorders and PD progression as proposed in this review. Further research into the hypothetical mechanisms underlying these interactions would be valuable, as positive findings may provide promising insights into novel therapeutic interventions for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengqian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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41
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Ala M, Mohammad Jafari R, Hajiabbasi A, Dehpour AR. Aquaporins and diseases pathogenesis: From trivial to undeniable involvements, a disease-based point of view. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6115-6135. [PMID: 33559160 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), as transmembrane proteins, were primarily identified as water channels with the ability of regulating the transmission of water, glycerol, urea, and other small-sized molecules. The classic view of AQPs involvement in therapeutic plan restricted them and their regulators into managing only a narrow spectrum of the diseases such as diabetes insipidus and the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. However, further investigations performed, especially in the third millennium, has found that their cooperation in water transmission control can be manipulated to handle other burden-imposing diseases such as cirrhosis, heart failure, Meniere's disease, cancer, bullous pemphigoid, eczema, and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Hajiabbasi
- Guilan Rheumatology Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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42
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Donahue EK, Murdos A, Jakowec MW, Sheikh-Bahaei N, Toga AW, Petzinger GM, Sepehrband F. Global and Regional Changes in Perivascular Space in Idiopathic and Familial Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1126-1136. [PMID: 33470460 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glymphatic system, including the perivascular space (PVS), plays a critical role in brain homeostasis. Although mounting evidence from Alzheimer's disease has supported the potential role of PVS in neurodegenerative disorders, its contribution in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been fully elucidated. Although idiopathic (IPD) and familial PD (FPD) share similar pathophysiology in terms of protein aggregation, the differential impact of PVS on PD subtypes remains unknown. Our objective was to examine the differences in PVS volume fraction in IPD and FPD compared to healthy controls (HCs) and nonmanifest carriers (NMCs). METHODS A total of 470 individuals were analyzed from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database, including (1) IPD (n = 179), (2) FPD (LRRK2 [leucine-rich repeat kinase 2], glucocerebrosidase, or α-synuclein) (n = 67), (3) NMC (n = 101), and (4) HCs (n = 84). Total PVS volume fraction (%) was compared using parcellation and quantitation within greater white matter volume at global and regional levels in all cortical and subcortical white matter. RESULTS There was a significant increase in global and regional PVS volume fraction in PD versus non-PD, particularly in FPD versus NMC and LRRK2 FPD versus NMC. Regionally, FPD and NMC differed in the medial orbitofrontal region, as did LRRK2 FPD versus NMC. Non-PD and PD differed in the medial orbitofrontal region and the banks of the superior temporal regions. IPD and FPD differed in the cuneus and lateral occipital regions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of PVS in PD and highlight a potentially significant contribution of PVS to the pathophysiology of FPD, particularly LRRK2. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Donahue
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amjad Murdos
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael W Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giselle M Petzinger
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Farshid Sepehrband
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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43
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Domingues AV, Pereira IM, Vilaça-Faria H, Salgado AJ, Rodrigues AJ, Teixeira FG. Glial cells in Parkinson´s disease: protective or deleterious? Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5171-5188. [PMID: 32617639 PMCID: PMC11104819 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells have been identified more than 100 years ago, and are known to play a key role in the central nervous system (CNS) function. A recent piece of evidence is emerging showing that in addition to the capacity of CNS modulation and homeostasis, glial cells are also being looked like as a promising cell source not only to study CNS pathologies initiation and progression but also to the establishment and development of new therapeutic strategies. Thus, in the present review, we will discuss the current evidence regarding glial cells' contribution to neurodegenerative diseases as Parkinson's disease, providing cellular, molecular, functional, and behavioral data supporting its active role in disease initiation, progression, and treatment. As so, considering their functional relevance, glial cells may be important to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms regarding neuronal-glial networks in neurodegeneration/regeneration processes, which may open new research opportunities for their future use as a target or treatment in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Domingues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês M Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helena Vilaça-Faria
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana J Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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44
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Yu B, Zhang J, Li H, Sun X. Silencing of aquaporin1 activates the Wnt signaling pathway to improve cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Gene 2020; 755:144904. [PMID: 32540373 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins robustly presenting in the central nervous system (CNS). Increasing evidence suggests the crucial role of AQP1 in the pathogenesis of CNS injury but scarce data are provided for the potential role of AQP1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of AQP1 on cognitive function in a mouse model of AD. METHODS A mouse model of AD was established by using the β-amyloid isoform Aβ1-42, and then assessed by the step-through test and water maze experiment. The expression of AQP1 was quantified in the AD model. The effects of AQP1 on the cognitive function of AD mice and the Wnt signaling pathway were elucidated using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Furthermore, hippocampal neurons were isolated and treated with Aβ1-42 for in vitro experiments and the effects of the Wnt signaling pathway on hippocampal neuron apoptosis were analyzed with the use of inhibitor or activator of this pathway. RESULTS AQP1 was highly-expressed in the AD mouse model while AQP1 silencing improved cognitive function in AD mice. Besides, silencing of AQP1 exhibited protective effects on hippocampal neurons in AD mice. Furthermore, AQP1 inhibited the Wnt signaling pathway while AQP1 promoted neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway, thereby damaging the cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS AQP1 silencing attenuates the cognitive impairment in AD through activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, highlighting a novel therapeutic target against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benshuai Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 117000, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Benxi Central Hospital, Benxi 117000, PR China
| | - Junzhu Zhang
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Benxi Central Hospital, Benxi 117000, PR China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 117000, PR China.
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Dasdelen D, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. Aquaporins and Roles in Brain Health and Brain Injury. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:498-512. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191018142007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the literature screening, aquaporins were found in the cerebral structures including the pia mater, choroid plexus, ependyma, piriform cortex, hippocampus, dorsal thalamus, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, white matter and subcortical organ. Among these, the most common are AQP1, AQP4, and AQP9. The roles of aquaporins have been demonstrated in several diseases such as cerebral edema, various central nervous system tumors, Alzheimer’s Disease and epilepsy. In this review, the relationship between brain/brain-injury and aquaporin, has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dervis Dasdelen
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Shi Q, Wu YZ, Yang X, Xiao K, Maimaitiming A, Gao LP, Chen C, Gao C, Guo Y, Dong XP. Significant enhanced expressions of aquaporin-1, -4 and -9 in the brains of various prion diseases. Prion 2020; 13:173-184. [PMID: 31814527 PMCID: PMC6746548 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2019.1660487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are widely expressed in various types of tissues, among them AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 are expressed predominately with relatively special distributing features in various brain regions. The aberrant changes of AQP1 and AQP4 have been observed in the brains of Alzheimer disease (AD). To evaluate the underlying alteration of brain AQPs in prion diseases, scrapie strains of 139A, ME7 and S15 infected mice were tested in this study. Western blots revealed markedly increased levels of AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 in the brain tissues of all tested scrapie-infected mice collected at terminal stage. Analyses of the AQPs levels in the brain tissues collected at different time-points during incubation period showed time-dependent increased in 139A and ME7-infected mice, especially at the middle-late stage. The AQP1 levels also increased in the cortex regions of some human prion diseases, including the patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and G114V genetic CJD (gCJD). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays verified that the AQPs-positive cells were astrocyte-like morphologically; meanwhile, numerous various sizes of AQPs-positive particles and dots were also observable in the brain sections of scrapie-infected mice. Immunofluorescent assays (IFAs) illustrated that the signals of AQPs colocalized with those of the GFAP positive proliferative astrocytes, and more interestingly, appeared to overlap also with the signals of PrP in the brains of scrapie-infected mice. Moreover, IHC assays with a commercial doublestain system revealed that distributing areas of AQPs overlapped not only with that of the activated large astrocytes, but also with that of abundantly deposited PrPSc in the brain tissues of scrapie murine models. Our data here propose the solid evidences that the expressions of brain AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 are all aberrantly enhanced in various murine models of scrapie infection. The closely anatomical association between the accumulated AQPs and deposited PrPSc in the brain tissues indicates that the abnormally increased water channel proteins participate in the pathogenesis of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Adalaiti Maimaitiming
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Shchepareva ME, Zakharova MN. Functional Role of Aquaporins in the Nervous System under Normal and Pathological Conditions. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tamtaji OR, Behnam M, Pourattar MA, Jafarpour H, Asemi Z. Aquaporin 4: A key player in Parkinson's disease. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21471-21478. [PMID: 31127615 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases which occur in aged people worldwide. Given that a sequence of cellular and molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stresses, apoptosis, inflammatory pathways, microglia, astrocyte activation, and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) are associated with initiation and the progression of PD. AQP4 may affect various pathways (i.e., α-synuclein, inflammatory pathways, and microglia and astrocyte activation). Few reports have evaluated the relationship between AQP4 and PD-related cellular and molecular pathways. Here, for the first time, we highlighted the relationship between AQP4 and molecular mechanisms involved in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | | | - Hamed Jafarpour
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Zou W, Pu T, Feng W, Lu M, Zheng Y, Du R, Xiao M, Hu G. Blocking meningeal lymphatic drainage aggravates Parkinson's disease-like pathology in mice overexpressing mutated α-synuclein. Transl Neurodegener 2019; 8:7. [PMID: 30867902 PMCID: PMC6396507 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal aggregation of brain α-synuclein is a central step in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), thus, it is reliable to promote the clearance of α-synuclein to prevent and treat PD. Recent studies have revealed an essential role of glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels in the clearance of brain macromolecules, however, their pathophysiological aspects remain elusive. Method Meningeal lymphatic drainage of 18-week-old A53T mice was blocked via ligating the deep cervical lymph nodes. Six weeks later, glymphatic functions and PD-like phenotypes were systemically analyzed. Results Glymphatic influx of cerebrospinal fluid tracer was reduced in A53T mice, accompanied with perivascular aggregation of α-synuclein and impaired polarization of aquaporin 4 expression in substantia nigra. Cervical lymphatic ligation aggravated glymphatic dysfunction of A53T mice, causing more severe accumulation of α-synuclein, glial activation, inflammation, dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor deficits. Conclusion The results suggest that brain lymphatic clearance dysfunction may be an aggravating factor in PD pathology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40035-019-0147-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zou
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Tinglin Pu
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Weixi Feng
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Ming Lu
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Zheng
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Renhong Du
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Ming Xiao
- 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
| | - Gang Hu
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China.,2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneratiion, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166 Jiangsu China
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50
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Aquaporin-4 Water Channel in the Brain and Its Implication for Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020090. [PMID: 30691235 PMCID: PMC6406241 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a water channel expressed on astrocytic endfeet in the brain. The role of AQP4 has been studied in health and in a range of pathological conditions. Interest in AQP4 has increased since it was discovered to be the target antigen in the inflammatory autoimmune disease neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Emerging data suggest that AQP4 may also be implicated in the glymphatic system and may be involved in the clearance of beta-amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this review, we will describe the role of AQP4 in the adult and developing brain as well as its implication for disease.
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