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Maria Redeker KE, Brockmöller J. Several orphan solute carriers functionally identified as organic cation transporters: substrates specificity compared with known cation transporters. J Biol Chem 2024:107629. [PMID: 39098524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic cations comprise a significant part of medically relevant drugs and endogenous substances. Such substances need organic cation transporters (OCT) for efficient transfer via cell membranes. However, the membrane transporters of most natural or synthetic organic cations the membrane transporters are still unknown. To identify these transporters, genes of 10 known OCTs and 18 orphan solute carriers (SLC) were overexpressed in HEK293 cells and characterized concerning their transport activities with a broad spectrum of low molecular weight substances emphasizing organic cations. Several SLC35 transporters and SLC38A10 significantly enhanced the transport of numerous relatively hydrophobic organic cations. Significant organic cation transport activities have been found in gene families classified as transporters of other substance classes. For instance, SLC35G3 and SLC38A10 significantly accelerated the uptake of several cations, such as clonidine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and nicotine, which are known as substrates of a thus far genetically unidentified proton/organic cation antiporter. The transporters SLC35G4 and SLC35F5 stood out by their significantly increased choline uptake, and several other SLC transported choline together with a broader spectrum of organic cations. Overall, there are many more polyspecific organic cation transporters than previously estimated. Several transporters had one predominant substrate but accepted some other cationic substrates, and others showed no particular preference for one substrate but transported several organic cations. The role of these transporters in biology and drug therapy remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra-Elisa Maria Redeker
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Sun Y, Zabihi M, Li Q, Li X, Kim BJ, Ubogu EE, Raja SN, Wesselmann U, Zhao C. Drug Permeability: From the Blood-Brain Barrier to the Peripheral Nerve Barriers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2200150. [PMID: 37649593 PMCID: PMC10465108 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery into the peripheral nerves and nerve roots has important implications for effective local anesthesia and treatment of peripheral neuropathies and chronic neuropathic pain. Similar to drugs that need to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS), drugs must cross the peripheral nerve barriers (PNB), formed by the perineurium and blood-nerve barrier (BNB) to modulate peripheral axons. Despite significant progress made to develop effective strategies to enhance BBB permeability in therapeutic drug design, efforts to enhance drug permeability and retention in peripheral nerves and nerve roots are relatively understudied. Guided by knowledge describing structural, molecular and functional similarities between restrictive neural barriers in the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS), we hypothesize that certain CNS drug delivery strategies are adaptable for peripheral nerve drug delivery. In this review, we describe the molecular, structural and functional similarities and differences between the BBB and PNB, summarize and compare existing CNS and peripheral nerve drug delivery strategies, and discuss the potential application of selected CNS delivery strategies to improve efficacious drug entry for peripheral nerve disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Mahmood Zabihi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Xiaosi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Brandon J. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
| | - Eroboghene E. Ubogu
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Srinivasa N. Raja
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ursula Wesselmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Pain Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Consortium for Neuroengineering and Brain-Computer Interfaces, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
- Center for Convergent Biosciences and Medicine, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
- Alabama Life Research Institute, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL 35487, USA
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Substrates of the Human Brain Proton-Organic Cation Antiporter and Comparison with Organic Cation Transporter 1 Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158430. [PMID: 35955563 PMCID: PMC9369162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organic cations (OCs) may be transported through membranes by a genetically still uncharacterized proton-organic cation (H + OC) antiporter. Here, we characterized an extended substrate spectrum of this antiporter. We studied the uptake of 72 drugs in hCMEC/D3 cells as a model of the human blood–brain barrier. All 72 drugs were tested with exchange transport assays and the transport of 26 of the drugs was studied in more detail concerning concentration-dependent uptake and susceptibility to specific inhibitors. According to exchange transport assays, 37 (51%) drugs were good substrates of the H + OC antiporter. From 26 drugs characterized in more detail, 23 were consistently identified as substrates of the H + OC antiporter in six different assays and transport kinetic constants could be identified with intrinsic clearances between 0.2 (ephedrine) and 201 (imipramine) mL × minute−1 × g protein−1. Excellent substrates of the H + OC antiporter were no substrates of organic cation transporter OCT1 and vice versa. Good substrates of the H + OC antiporter were more hydrophobic and had a lower topological polar surface area than non-substrates or OCT1 substrates. These data and further research on the H + OC antiporter may result in a better understanding of pharmacokinetics, drug–drug interactions and variations in pharmacokinetics.
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Laux J, Forster M, Riexinger L, Schwamborn A, Guezguez J, Pokoj C, Kudolo M, Berger LM, Knapp S, Schollmeyer D, Guse J, Burnet M, Laufer SA. Pharmacokinetic Optimization of Small Molecule Janus Kinase 3 Inhibitors to Target Immune Cells. ACS PHARMACOLOGY & TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 5:573-602. [DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Laux
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, DE Germany
| | - Laura Riexinger
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Schwamborn
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jamil Guezguez
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina Pokoj
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mark Kudolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, DE Germany
| | - Lena M. Berger
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Guse
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Burnet
- Synovo GmbH, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A. Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, DE Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery and Development (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Edwards G, Olson CG, Euritt CP, Koulen P. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Role of Vitamin E in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:890021. [PMID: 35600628 PMCID: PMC9114494 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.890021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress and disruption of the delicate balance between oxygen-derived free radicals and antioxidants leading to many degenerative diseases. Attention has been called to all isoforms of vitamin E, with α-tocopherol being the most common form. Though similar in structure, each is diverse in antioxidant activity. Preclinical reports highlight vitamin E’s influence on cell physiology and survival through several signaling pathways by activating kinases and transcription factors relevant for uptake, transport, metabolism, and cellular action to promote neuroprotective effects. In the clinical setting, population-based studies on vitamin E supplementation have been inconsistent at times and follow-up studies are needed. Nonetheless, vitamin E’s health benefits outweigh the controversies. The goal of this review is to recognize the importance of vitamin E’s role in guarding against gradual central vision loss observed in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The therapeutic role and molecular mechanisms of vitamin E’s function in the retina, clinical implications, and possible toxicity are collectively described in the present review.
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6
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Combined drug triads for synergic neuroprotection in retinal degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Smirnova M, Goracci L, Cruciani G, Federici L, Declèves X, Chapy H, Cisternino S. Pharmacophore-Based Discovery of Substrates of a Novel Drug/Proton-Antiporter in the Human Brain Endothelial hCMEC/D3 Cell Line. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020255. [PMID: 35213988 PMCID: PMC8875908 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A drug/proton-antiporter, whose the molecular structure is still unknown, was previously evidenced at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by functional experiments. The computational method could help in the identification of substrates of this solute carrier (SLC) transporter. Two pharmacophore models for substrates of this transporter using the FLAPpharm approach were developed. The trans-stimulation potency of 40 selected compounds for already known specific substrates ([3H]-clonidine) were determined and compared in the human brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. Results. The two pharmacophore models obtained were used as templates to screen xenobiotic and endogenous compounds from four databases (e.g., Specs), and 45 hypothetical new candidates were tested to determine their substrate capacity. Psychoactive drugs such as antidepressants (e.g., imipramine, desipramine), antipsychotics/neuroleptics such as phenothiazine derivatives (chlorpromazine), sedatives anti-histamine-H1 drugs (promazine, promethazine, triprolidine, pheniramine), opiates/opioids (e.g., hydrocodone), trihexyphenidyl and sibutramine were correctly predicted as proton-antiporter substrates. The best performing pharmacophore model for the proton-antiporter substrates appeared as a good predictor of known substrates and allowed the identification of new substrate compounds. This model marks a new step in the characterization of this drug/proton-antiporter and will be of great use in uncovering its substrates and designing chemical entities with an improved influx capability to cross the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Smirnova
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR_S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (L.F.); (X.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Laura Goracci
- Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (L.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Laetitia Federici
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR_S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (L.F.); (X.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR_S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (L.F.); (X.D.); (H.C.)
- Biologie du Médicament et Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Chapy
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR_S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (L.F.); (X.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR_S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, 75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (L.F.); (X.D.); (H.C.)
- Service Pharmacie, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-44-495-191
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Substrate-Dependent Trans-Stimulation of Organic Cation Transporter 2 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312926. [PMID: 34884730 PMCID: PMC8657912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search of substrates for solute carriers (SLCs) constitutes a major issue, owing notably to the role played by some SLCs, such as the renal electrogenic organic cation transporter (OCT) 2 (SLC22A2), in pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions and drug toxicity. For this purpose, substrates have been proposed to be identified by their cis-inhibition and trans-stimulation properties towards transporter activity. To get insights on the sensitivity of this approach for identifying SLC substrates, 15 various exogenous and endogenous OCT2 substrates were analysed in the present study, using 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (DiASP) as a fluorescent OCT2 tracer substrate. All OCT2 substrates cis-inhibited DiASP uptake in OCT2-overexpressing HEK293 cells, with IC50 values ranging from 0.24 µM (for ipratropium) to 2.39 mM (for dopamine). By contrast, only 4/15 substrates, i.e., acetylcholine, agmatine, choline and metformin, trans-stimulated DiASP uptake, with a full suppression of the trans-stimulating effect of metformin by the reference OCT2 inhibitor amitriptyline. An analysis of molecular descriptors next indicated that trans-stimulating OCT2 substrates exhibit lower molecular weight, volume, polarizability and lipophilicity than non-trans-stimulating counterparts. Overall, these data indicated a rather low sensitivity (26.7%) of the trans-stimulation assay for identifying OCT2 substrates, and caution with respect to the use of such assay may therefore be considered.
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Kell DB. The Transporter-Mediated Cellular Uptake and Efflux of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Biotechnology Products: How and Why Phospholipid Bilayer Transport Is Negligible in Real Biomembranes. Molecules 2021; 26:5629. [PMID: 34577099 PMCID: PMC8470029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, my colleagues and I have come to realise that the likelihood of pharmaceutical drugs being able to diffuse through whatever unhindered phospholipid bilayer may exist in intact biological membranes in vivo is vanishingly low. This is because (i) most real biomembranes are mostly protein, not lipid, (ii) unlike purely lipid bilayers that can form transient aqueous channels, the high concentrations of proteins serve to stop such activity, (iii) natural evolution long ago selected against transport methods that just let any undesirable products enter a cell, (iv) transporters have now been identified for all kinds of molecules (even water) that were once thought not to require them, (v) many experiments show a massive variation in the uptake of drugs between different cells, tissues, and organisms, that cannot be explained if lipid bilayer transport is significant or if efflux were the only differentiator, and (vi) many experiments that manipulate the expression level of individual transporters as an independent variable demonstrate their role in drug and nutrient uptake (including in cytotoxicity or adverse drug reactions). This makes such transporters valuable both as a means of targeting drugs (not least anti-infectives) to selected cells or tissues and also as drug targets. The same considerations apply to the exploitation of substrate uptake and product efflux transporters in biotechnology. We are also beginning to recognise that transporters are more promiscuous, and antiporter activity is much more widespread, than had been realised, and that such processes are adaptive (i.e., were selected by natural evolution). The purpose of the present review is to summarise the above, and to rehearse and update readers on recent developments. These developments lead us to retain and indeed to strengthen our contention that for transmembrane pharmaceutical drug transport "phospholipid bilayer transport is negligible".
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- Mellizyme Biotechnology Ltd., IC1, Liverpool Science Park, Mount Pleasant, Liverpool L3 5TF, UK
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Sachkova A, Doetsch DA, Jensen O, Brockmöller J, Ansari S. How do psychostimulants enter the human brain? Analysis of the role of the proton-organic cation antiporter. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114751. [PMID: 34464621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although psychostimulants apparently do cross the BBB, it is poorly understood how these hydrophilic and positively charged molecules can pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB). That may be mediated by a genetically still uncharacterized H+/OC antiporter with high activity at the BBB. METHODS We studied the uptake of 16 psychostimulants and hallucinogens with hCMEC/D3 cells using the prototypic inhibitor imipramine (cis-inhibition), exchange transport with diphenhydramine and clonidine (trans-stimulation), proton dependency of the uptake, and we characterized the concentration-dependent uptake. RESULTS Cell uptake of methylenedioxyamphetamines, amphetamines and dimethyltryptamine (DMT) were strongly inhibited (to about 10% of the controls) by imipramine and diphenhydramine, whereas uptake of cathine was only weakly inhibited and mescaline not significantly. Amphetamine, methylamphetamine, para-Methoxy-N-methylamphetamine (PMMA), Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), phentermine and DMT exhibited the highest exchange after preloading with diphenhydramine with only 5.5%, 5.2%, 7.8%, 6%, 1.9%, 7.6% remaining in the cells. Less and no exchange were seen with cathine and mescaline, respectively. Dependence on intracellular pH was most pronounced with the methylendioxyamphetamines while uptake of cathine, DOI and cocaine were only moderately affected and mescaline not at all. CONCLUSION Except for mescaline, all psychostimulants studied here were substrates of the H+/OC antiporter, implicating a strong need for a better characterization of this transport protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sachkova
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.
| | - David Alexander Doetsch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ole Jensen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brockmöller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Salim Ansari
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Gyawali A, Kim MH, Kang YS. A novel organic cation transporter involved in paeonol transport across the inner blood-retinal barrier and changes in uptake in high glucose conditions. Exp Eye Res 2020; 202:108387. [PMID: 33301773 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol exerts various pharmacological effects owing to its antiangiogenic, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. We aimed to investigate the transport mechanism of paeonol across the inner blood-retinal barrier both in vitro and in vivo. The carotid artery single injection method was used to investigate the retina uptake index of paeonol. The retina uptake index (RUI) value of [³H]paeonol was dependent on both concentration and pH. This value decreased significantly in the presence of imperatorin, tramadol, and pyrilamine when compared to the control. However, para-aminohippuric acid, choline, and taurine had no effect on the RUI value. Conditionally immortalized rat retina capillary endothelial cells (TR-iBRB cell lines) were used as an in vitro model of the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). The uptake of [³H]paeonol by the TR-iBRB cell lines was found to be time-, concentration-, and pH-dependent. However, the uptake was unaffected by the absence of sodium or by membrane potential disruption. Moreover, in vitro structural analog studies revealed that [³H]paeonol uptake was inhibited in the presence of organic cationic compounds including imperatorin, clonidine and tramadol. This is consistent with the results obtained in vivo. In addition, transfections with OCTN1, 2 or plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) small interfering RNA did not affect paeonol uptake in TR-iBRB cell lines. Upon pre-incubation of these cell lines with high glucose (HG) media, [3H]paeonol uptake decreased and mRNA expression levels of angiogenetic factors, such as hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased. However, after the pretreatment of unlabeled paeonol in HG conditions, the mRNA levels of VEGF and HIF-1 were comparatively reduced, and the [3H]paeonol uptake rate was restored. After being exposed to inflammatory conditions induced by glutamate, TNF-α, and LPS, paeonol and propranolol pretreatment significantly increased the uptake of both [3H]paeonol and [3H]propranolol in TR-iBRB cell lines compared to their respective controls. Our results demonstrate that the transport of paeonol to the retina across the iBRB may involve the proton-coupled organic cation antiporter system, and the uptake of paeonol is changed by HG conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Gyawali
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-dong 2-ga, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-dong 2-ga, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-dong 2-ga, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Liu X, Pan G. Roles of Drug Transporters in Blood-Retinal Barrier. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:467-504. [PMID: 31571172 PMCID: PMC7120327 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) includes inner BRB (iBRB) and outer BRB (oBRB), which are formed by retinal capillary endothelial (RCEC) cells and by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in collaboration with Bruch's membrane and the choriocapillaris, respectively. Functions of the BRB are to regulate fluids and molecular movement between the ocular vascular beds and retinal tissues and to prevent leakage of macromolecules and other potentially harmful agents into the retina, keeping the microenvironment of the retina and retinal neurons. These functions are mainly attributed to absent fenestrations of RCECs, tight junctions, expression of a great diversity of transporters, and coverage of pericytes and glial cells. BRB existence also becomes a reason that systemic administration for some drugs is not suitable for the treatment of retinal diseases. Some diseases (such as diabetes and ischemia-reperfusion) impair BRB function via altering tight junctions, RCEC death, and transporter expression. This chapter will illustrate function of BRB, expressions and functions of these transporters, and their clinical significances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- grid.254147.10000 0000 9776 7793School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Guoyu Pan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, Shanghai China
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13
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Blood-to-Retina Transport of Imperatorin Involves the Carrier-Mediated Transporter System at the Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:1619-1626. [PMID: 30528198 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanism of transporting imperatorin across the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB). The carotid artery single injection method was used to calculate the retinal uptake index (RUI) of [3H]imperatorin in vivo, whereas the retinal capillary endothelial cell lines were used for the in vitro uptake and mRNA expression assays. RUI value of [3H]imperatorin was greater than that of the reference compound ([14C]n-butanol). [3H]Imperatorin significantly reduced the RUI in the presence of neuroprotective organic cationic drugs at 10 mM. However, tetraethylammonium and p-aminohippuric acid showed no significant effects. [3H]Imperatorin uptake by TR-iBRB2 cells was time-, pH-, energy-, and concentration-dependent with a Km value of 679 ± 130 μM. In addition, the uptake study showed insensitivity to sodium and membrane potential. Various organic cations including pyrilamine, nicotine, and clonidine significantly reduced the uptake of [3H]imperatorin, whereas organic anions and monocarboxylic acids did not. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level dropped markedly with rOCTN1, rOCTN2, rPMAT, and rMATE1 small interfering RNAs in the transfection study. Moreover, [3H]imperatorin uptake remained neutral with small interfering RNA transfections. Our results indicate that imperatorin transport across the iBRB involves carrier-mediated transporter system.
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14
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Hiranaka S, Tega Y, Higuchi K, Kurosawa T, Deguchi Y, Arata M, Ito A, Yoshida M, Nagaoka Y, Sumiyoshi T. Design, Synthesis, and Blood-Brain Barrier Transport Study of Pyrilamine Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:884-888. [PMID: 30258535 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a pyrilamine derivative 1 as a selective class I HDAC inhibitor that targets pyrilamine-sensitive proton-coupled organic cation antiporter (PYSOCA) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Introduction of pyrilamine moiety to benzamide type HDAC inhibitors kept selective class I HDAC inhibitory activity and increased BBB permeability. Our BBB transport study showed that compound 1 is a substrate of PYSOCA. Thus, our findings suggest that the hybrid method of HDAC inhibitor and substrate of PYSOCA such as pyrilamine is useful for development of HDAC inhibitors with increased BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Hiranaka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Yamate-cho 3-3-35, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yuma Tega
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kei Higuchi
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Toshiki Kurosawa
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Deguchi
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Mayumi Arata
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa,
Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi,
Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa,
Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagaoka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Yamate-cho 3-3-35, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Yamate-cho 3-3-35, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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15
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Chaves C, Remiao F, Cisternino S, Decleves X. Opioids and the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Dynamic Interaction with Consequences on Drug Disposition in Brain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 15:1156-1173. [PMID: 28474563 PMCID: PMC5725546 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170504095823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Opioids are widely used in pain management, acting via opioid receptors and/or Toll-like receptors (TLR) present at the central nervous system (CNS). At the blood-brain barrier (BBB), several influx and efflux transporters, such as the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1), Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP, ABCG2) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP, ABCC) transporters, and solute carrier transporters (SLC), are responsible for the transport of xenobiotics from the brain into the bloodstream or vice versa. Objective: ABC transporters export several clinically employed opioids, altering their neuro- pharmacokinetics and CNS effects. In this review, we explore the interactions between opioids and ABC transporters, and decipher the molecular mechanisms by which opioids can modify their expression at the BBB. Results: P-gp is largely implicated in the brain-to-blood efflux of opioids, namely morphine and oxycodone. Long-term ex-posure to morphine and oxycodone has proven to up-regulate the expression of ABC transporters, such as P-gp, BCRP and MRPs, at the BBB, which may lead to increased tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of such drugs. Recent studies uncov-er two mechanisms by which morphine may up-regulate P-gp and BCRP at the BBB: 1) via a glutamate, NMDA-receptor and COX-2 signaling cascade, and 2) via TLR4 activation, subsequent development of neuro- inflammation, and activation of NF-κB, presumably via glial cells. Conclusion: The BBB-opioid interaction can culminate in bilateral consequences, since ABC transporters condition the brain disposition of opioids, while opioids also affect the expression of ABC transporters at the BBB, which may result in increased CNS drug pharmacoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Chaves
- Variabilite de Reponse Aux Psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, 75006 Paris, France.,Universite Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France.,Universite Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.,REQUIMTE, Laboratorio de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remiao
- REQUIMTE, Laboratorio de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Variabilite de Reponse Aux Psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, 75006 Paris, France.,Universite Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France.,Universite Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.,Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Decleves
- Variabilite de Reponse Aux Psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, 75006 Paris, France.,Universite Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France.,Universite Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France.,Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Paris, France
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16
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Kubo Y, Akanuma SI, Hosoya KI. Recent advances in drug and nutrient transport across the blood-retinal barrier. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:513-531. [PMID: 29719158 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1472764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) is the barrier separating the blood and neural retina, and transport systems for low-weight molecules at the BRB are expected to be useful for developing drugs for the treatment of ocular neural disorders and maintaining a healthy retina. Areas covered: This review discusses blood-to-retina and retina-to-blood transport of drugs and nutrients at the BRB. In particular, P-gp (ABCB1/MDR1) has low impact on the transport of cationic drugs at the BRB, suggesting a significant role of novel organic cation transporters in influx and efflux transport of lipophilic cationic drugs between blood and the retina. The transport of pravastatin at the BRB involves transporters including organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a4 (Oatp1a4). Recent studies have shown the involvement of solute carrier transporters in the blood-to-retina transport of nutrients including riboflavin, L-ornithine, β-alanine, and L-histidine, implying that dipeptide transport at the BRB is minimal. Expert opinion: Novel organic cation transport systems and the elimination-dominant transport of pravastatin at the BRB are expected to be useful in systemic drug delivery to the neural retina without CNS side effects. The mechanism of nutrient transport at the BRB is expected to provide a new strategy for delivery of nutrient-mimetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kubo
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Akanuma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hosoya
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toyama , Toyama , Japan
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17
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Taccola C, Cartot-Cotton S, Valente D, Barneoud P, Aubert C, Boutet V, Gallen F, Lochus M, Nicolic S, Dodacki A, Smirnova M, Cisternino S, Declèves X, Bourasset F. High brain distribution of a new central nervous system drug candidate despite its P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the mouse blood-brain barrier. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 117:68-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Carrier-mediated uptake of clonidine in cultured human lung cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:361-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Zhang Z, Uchida Y, Hirano S, Ando D, Kubo Y, Auriola S, Akanuma SI, Hosoya KI, Urtti A, Terasaki T, Tachikawa M. Inner Blood–Retinal Barrier Dominantly Expresses Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: Comparative Quantitative Targeted Absolute Proteomics Study of CNS Barriers in Pig. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3729-3738. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Zhang
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ando
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama,
Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kubo
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama,
Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Seppo Auriola
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Shin-ichi Akanuma
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama,
Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hosoya
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama,
Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Arto Urtti
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Division
of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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20
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Pascual-Pasto G, Olaciregui NG, Opezzo JA, Castillo-Ecija H, Cuadrado-Vilanova M, Paco S, Rivero EM, Vila-Ubach M, Restrepo-Perdomo CA, Torrebadell M, Suñol M, Schaiquevich P, Mora J, Bramuglia GF, Chantada GL, Carcaboso AM. Increased delivery of chemotherapy to the vitreous by inhibition of the blood-retinal barrier. J Control Release 2017; 264:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Auvity S, Chapy H, Goutal S, Caillé F, Hosten B, Smirnova M, Declèves X, Tournier N, Cisternino S. Diphenhydramine as a selective probe to study H +-antiporter function at the blood-brain barrier: Application to [ 11C]diphenhydramine positron emission tomography imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2185-2195. [PMID: 27488910 PMCID: PMC5464711 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16662042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diphenhydramine, a sedative histamine H1-receptor (H1R) antagonist, was evaluated as a probe to measure drug/H+-antiporter function at the blood-brain barrier. In situ brain perfusion experiments in mice and rats showed that diphenhydramine transport at the blood-brain barrier was saturable, following Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km = 2.99 mM and Vmax = 179.5 nmol s-1 g-1. In the pharmacological plasma concentration range the carrier-mediated component accounted for 77% of diphenhydramine influx while passive diffusion accounted for only 23%. [14C]Diphenhydramine blood-brain barrier transport was proton and clonidine sensitive but was influenced by neither tetraethylammonium, a MATE1 (SLC47A1), and OCT/OCTN (SLC22A1-5) modulator, nor P-gp/Bcrp (ABCB1a/1b/ABCG2) deficiency. Brain and plasma kinetics of [11C]diphenhydramine were measured by positron emission tomography imaging in rats. [11C]Diphenhydramine kinetics in different brain regions were not influenced by displacement with 1 mg kg-1 unlabeled diphenhydramine, indicating the specificity of the brain positron emission tomography signal for blood-brain barrier transport activity over binding to any central nervous system target in vivo. [11C]Diphenhydramine radiometabolites were not detected in the brain 15 min after injection, allowing for the reliable calculation of [11C]diphenhydramine brain uptake clearance (Clup = 0.99 ± 0.18 mL min-1 cm-3). Diphenhydramine is a selective and specific H+-antiporter substrate. [11C]Diphenhydramine positron emission tomography imaging offers a reliable and noninvasive method to evaluate H+-antiporter function at the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Auvity
- 1 Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France.,2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Hélène Chapy
- 2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- 1 Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- 1 Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Benoit Hosten
- 2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Maria Smirnova
- 2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- 2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- 1 Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- 1 Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France.,2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
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22
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Chapy H, Saubaméa B, Tournier N, Bourasset F, Behar-Cohen F, Declèves X, Scherrmann JM, Cisternino S. Blood-brain and retinal barriers show dissimilar ABC transporter impacts and concealed effect of P-glycoprotein on a novel verapamil influx carrier. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:497-510. [PMID: 26507673 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The respective impact and interplay between ABC (P-glycoprotein/P-gp/Abcb1a, BCRP/ABCG2, MRP/ABCC) and SLC transporter functions at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-retinal barriers (BRB) are incompletely understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We measured the initial cerebral and retinal distribution of selected ABC substrates by in situ carotid perfusion using P-gp/Bcrp knockout mice and chemical ABC/SLC modulation strategies. P-gp, Bcrp, Mrp1 and Mrp4 were studied by confocal retina imaging. KEY RESULTS Chemical or physical disruption of P-gp increased [(3) H]-verapamil transport by ~10-fold at the BBB and ~1.5-fold at the BRB. [(3) H]-Verapamil transport involved influx-mediated by an organic cation clonidine-sensitive/diphenhydramine-sensitive proton antiporter at both barriers; this effect was unmasked when P-gp was partially or fully inhibited/disrupted at the BBB. Studies of [(3) H]-mitoxantrone and [(3) H]-zidovudine transport suggested, respectively, that Bcrp efflux was less involved at the BRB than BBB, whereas Mrps were significantly and similarly involved at both barriers. Confocal imaging showed that P-gp and Bcrp were expressed in intra-retinal vessels (inner BRB/iBRB) but absent from the blood/basal membrane of cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (outer BRB/oBRB/RPE) where, in contrast, Mrp1 and Mrp4 were localized. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS P-gp, Bcrp, Mrp1 and Mrp4 are differentially expressed at the outer and inner BRB, resulting in an altered ability to limit substrate distribution at the retina as compared with the BBB. [(3) H]-Verapamil distribution is not P-gp-specific and involves a proton antiporter at both the BBB and BRB. However, this transport is concealed by P-gp at the BBB, but not at the BRB, where P-gp activity is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Chapy
- Variabilité de Réponse aux Psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- Variabilité de Réponse aux Psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- INSERM, CEA, Université Paris Sud, UMR 1023 - ERL 9218 CNRS, IMIV, Orsay, France
| | - Fanchon Bourasset
- Variabilité de Réponse aux Psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1138, Paris, France.,Physiopathologies des Maladies Oculaires, INSERM U1138, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Variabilité de Réponse aux Psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris - AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Scherrmann
- Variabilité de Réponse aux Psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris - AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Variabilité de Réponse aux Psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris - AP-HP, Paris, France
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23
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Chapy H, Goracci L, Vayer P, Parmentier Y, Carrupt PA, Declèves X, Scherrmann JM, Cisternino S, Cruciani G. Pharmacophore-based discovery of inhibitors of a novel drug/proton antiporter in human brain endothelial hCMEC/D3 cell line. Br J Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26220580 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An influx drug/proton antiporter of unknown structure has been functionally demonstrated at the blood-brain barrier. This transporter, which handles some psychoactive drugs like diphenhydramine, clonidine, oxycodone, nicotine and cocaine, could represent a new pharmacological target in drug addiction therapy. However, at present there are no known drugs/inhibitors that effectively inhibit/modulate this transporter in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The FLAPpharm approach was used to establish a pharmacophore model for inhibitors of this transporter. The inhibitory potency of 44 selected compounds was determined against the specific substrate, [(3)H]-clonidine, in the human cerebral endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 and ranked as good, medium, weak or non-inhibitor. KEY RESULTS The pharmacophore model obtained was used as a template to screen xenobiotic and endogenous compounds from databases [Specs, Recon2, Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), human intestinal transporter database], and hypothetical candidates were tested in vitro to determine their inhibitory capacity with [(3)H]-clonidine. According to the transporter database, 80% of the proton antiporter inhibitor candidates could inhibit P-glycoprotein/MDR1/ABCB1 and specificity is improved by reducing inhibitor size/shape and increasing water solubility. Virtual screening results using HMDB and Recon2 for endogenous compounds appropriately scored tryptamine as an inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The pharmacophore model for the proton-antiporter inhibitors was a good predictor of known inhibitors and allowed us to identify new good inhibitors. This model marks a new step towards the discovery of this drug/proton antiporter and will be of great use for the discovery and design of potent inhibitors that could potentially help to assess and validate its pharmacological role in drug addiction in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Chapy
- INSERM U1144, Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Paris, 75006, France.,UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France.,UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Laura Goracci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy
| | - Philippe Vayer
- Département de recherche biopharmaceutique, Technologie Servier, Orléans, 45000, France
| | - Yannick Parmentier
- Département de recherche biopharmaceutique, Technologie Servier, Orléans, 45000, France
| | - Pierre-Alain Carrupt
- Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, Université de Genève, Genève, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Declèves
- INSERM U1144, Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Paris, 75006, France.,UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France.,UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, 75013, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Scherrmann
- INSERM U1144, Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Paris, 75006, France.,UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France.,UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, 75013, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- INSERM U1144, Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Paris, 75006, France.,UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France.,UMR-S 1144, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, 75013, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06123, Italy
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