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Yang C, Gong J, Xue M, Huang W, Yuan Y, Chen C, He Y, Yang C, Sun H, Liu Y, Gong Y, Wu Y, Lai X, Zhong D, Diao X, Lu H, Zheng Y. Effects of the Thiol Methyltransferase Inhibitor (±)-2,3-Dichloro- α-Methylbenzylamine (DCMB) on the Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Vicagrel in Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:988-996. [PMID: 38997155 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
P2Y12 receptor inhibitors are commonly used in clinical antiplatelet therapy, typically alongside other medications. Vicagrel, a promising P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, has submitted a new drug marketing application to the United States Food and Drug Administration. Its primary metabolites and some metabolic pathways are identical to those of clopidogrel. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the thiol methyltransferase inhibitor (±)-2,3-dichloro-α-methylbenzylamine (DCMB) on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of vicagrel. In vitro incubation with human and rat liver microsomes revealed that DCMB significantly inhibited the methylation of vicagrel's thiol metabolite M15-1. Rats were orally administered 6 mg/kg [14C]vicagrel (100 μCi/kg) 1 hour after peritoneal injection with or without DCMB (80 mg/kg). Compared with the control group, the plasma of DCMB-pretreated rats exhibited maximum plasma concentration (C max) decrease and time to reach C max (T max) delay for all vicagrel-related substances, the methylation product of the thiol metabolite (M9-2), and the derivatization product of the active thiol metabolite (MP-M15-2). However, no significant changes in area under the curve (AUC) or half-life (t 1/2) were observed. DCMB had negligible effect on the total radiological recovery of vicagrel within 72 hours, although the rate of vicagrel excretion slowed down within 48 hours. DCMB had a negligible impact on the metabolic pathway of vicagrel. Overall, the present study found that DCMB did not significantly affect the total exposure, metabolic pathways, metabolite profiles, or total excretion rates of vicagrel-related metabolites in rats, but led to C max decrease, T max delay, and slower excretion rate within 48 hours. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with radiolabeling technology to investigate the effects of the thiol methyltransferase inhibitor (±)-2,3-dichloro-α-methylbenzylamine on the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of vicagrel in rats. This work helps to better understand the in vivo metabolism of active thiol metabolites of P2Y12 inhibitors such as clopidogrel, vicagrel, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Jingru Gong
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Mingzhen Xue
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Wensi Huang
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Yali Yuan
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Chong Chen
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Yifei He
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Chen Yang
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Yanchun Gong
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Yong Wu
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Xiaojuan Lai
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Dafang Zhong
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Xingxing Diao
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Huiping Lu
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
| | - Yuandong Zheng
- Shanghai Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (M.X., W.H., Y.Y., C.C., Y.H., Chen Y., D.Z., X.D., Y.Z.); School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Cheng Y., Y.Y., C.C., X.D.); Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China (J.G., H.L.); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (M.X.); State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Center of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China (H.S.); and Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China (Y.L., Y.G., Y.W., X.L.)
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