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Kimmins S, Anderson RA, Barratt CLR, Behre HM, Catford SR, De Jonge CJ, Delbes G, Eisenberg ML, Garrido N, Houston BJ, Jørgensen N, Krausz C, Lismer A, McLachlan RI, Minhas S, Moss T, Pacey A, Priskorn L, Schlatt S, Trasler J, Trasande L, Tüttelmann F, Vazquez-Levin MH, Veltman JA, Zhang F, O'Bryan MK. Frequency, morbidity and equity - the case for increased research on male fertility. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:102-124. [PMID: 37828407 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, most men with infertility cannot be given an aetiology, which reflects a lack of knowledge around gamete production and how it is affected by genetics and the environment. A failure to recognize the burden of male infertility and its potential as a biomarker for systemic illness exists. The absence of such knowledge results in patients generally being treated as a uniform group, for whom the strategy is to bypass the causality using medically assisted reproduction (MAR) techniques. In doing so, opportunities to prevent co-morbidity are missed and the burden of MAR is shifted to the woman. To advance understanding of men's reproductive health, longitudinal and multi-national centres for data and sample collection are essential. Such programmes must enable an integrated view of the consequences of genetics, epigenetics and environmental factors on fertility and offspring health. Definition and possible amelioration of the consequences of MAR for conceived children are needed. Inherent in this statement is the necessity to promote fertility restoration and/or use the least invasive MAR strategy available. To achieve this aim, protocols must be rigorously tested and the move towards personalized medicine encouraged. Equally, education of the public, governments and clinicians on the frequency and consequences of infertility is needed. Health options, including male contraceptives, must be expanded, and the opportunities encompassed in such investment understood. The pressing questions related to male reproductive health, spanning the spectrum of andrology are identified in the Expert Recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kimmins
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- The Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher L R Barratt
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hermann M Behre
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sarah R Catford
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Geraldine Delbes
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Garrido
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Brendan J Houston
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Niels Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Csilla Krausz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, University Hospital of Careggi Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ariane Lismer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert I McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash IVF Group, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial, London, UK
| | - Tim Moss
- Healthy Male and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allan Pacey
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lærke Priskorn
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jacquetta Trasler
- Departments of Paediatrics, Human Genetics and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Center for the Investigation of Environmental Hazards, Department of Paediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina, Fundación IBYME, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- School of BioSciences and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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Varnum AA, Pozzi E, Deebel NA, Evans A, Eid N, Sadeghi-Nejad H, Ramasamy R. Impact of GLP-1 Agonists on Male Reproductive Health-A Narrative Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:50. [PMID: 38256311 PMCID: PMC10820247 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and objective-Obesity is a prevalent health concern that notably impairs male fertility through hormonal disruptions and other pathophysiological alterations. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) can significantly reduce weight. This narrative review synthesizes the existing literature discussing the impact of glucagon-like peptide-GLP-1 RAs on the male reproductive system, particularly on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and spermatogenesis, highlighting their potential impact on male fertility. Material and methods-PubMed database was used for the retrieval of English-language articles published up to November 2023. This non-systematic literature review predominantly concentrates on both pre-clinical and clinical studies pertaining to GLP-1 RAs, specifically exploring their impact on male reproductive hormones and sperm parameters. Results-GLP-1 receptors have been identified within the male reproductive system according to the existing literature. While the exact mechanisms are not well understood, they appear to be involved in glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism, both vital processes in spermatogenesis. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs for promoting weight loss. Recent studies show that the use of GLP-1 RAs in obese males may enhance sperm metabolism, motility, and insulin secretion in vitro, along with positive effects on the human Sertoli cells. Recent clinical trials discussed in this review demonstrate weight loss associated with GLP-1 RAs is correlated with improvements in sperm count, concentration, and motility. However, the direct impact of GLP-1 RAs on male reproductive hormones remains unclear, necessitating further research to confirm their potential role in treating male infertility. Conclusions-This narrative review summarizes the existing literature discussing the potential impact of GLP-1 RA on the male reproductive system, emphasizing their potential therapeutic role in addressing idiopathic infertility in obese men. Despite numerous studies exploring the influence of GLP-1 and GLP-1 RAs on reproductive hormones, testicular function, and spermatogenesis, further clinical trials are crucial to validate initial evidence. Longer follow-up periods are essential to address uncertainties regarding the long-term repercussions and outcomes of GLP-1 RA use. While this holds true, the current literature suggests that GLP-1RAs show promise as a potential therapeutic approach for improving sperm parameters in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Aponte Varnum
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.A.V.); (E.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Edoardo Pozzi
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.A.V.); (E.P.); (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas Allen Deebel
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Aymara Evans
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.A.V.); (E.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Nathalie Eid
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; (N.E.); (H.S.-N.)
| | | | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (A.A.V.); (E.P.); (A.E.)
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León-Ramírez YMD, Sánchez EP, Pérez AC, Sánchez-Solís CN, Rodríguez-Antolín J, Nicolás-Toledo L. Dietary intervention in adult rats exposed to a high-sugar diet early in life permanently impairs sperm quality. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2023; 84:779-789. [PMID: 37343721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity predicts the presence of adult obesity. Obesity is associated with poor sperm quality. We hypothesized that exposure to a high-sugar diet (HSD) in early life would cause permanent histomorphology damage to the testes, resulting in reduced sperm quality in adult life. Wistar rats (aged 21days) were divided into four groups (n=6). In the first experiment, the rats received tap water (control) and a 30% sucrose diet for two months (S30). In the second experiment, the control and 30% sucrose diets were fed for two months, followed by replacement with tap water for two months (IS30). Eating and drinking were monitored. Animals were then euthanized, visceral and gonadal fat tissue and testes were collected, and epididymal spermatozoa were excised. Testicular samples were used for morphological description by H&E staining and for quantifying triacylglycerol content, caspase activity, and oxidative stress. Serum testosterone concentration was evaluated. Spermatozoa were used to assess sperm quality. Our results show that sperm quality was impaired by consuming HSD and could not be restored by dietary intervention. HSD feeding induced hyperplasia of visceral adipose tissue, increased testicular weight, and serum testosterone levels. The dietary intervention increased visceral adipose tissue, serum, and testicular triacylglycerol levels and normalized serum testosterone levels. Overall, the HSD diet caused permanent changes in seminiferous tubule cross-sectional area, caspase activity, oxidative stress, and sperm quality. Therefore, a high-sugar diet in early life causes permanent damage to sperm quality in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy Mar De León-Ramírez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México; Licenciatura en Química Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Eliut Pérez Sánchez
- Licenciatura en Química Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Adriana Corona Pérez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Calpulalpan, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Cristhian Neftaly Sánchez-Solís
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Calpulalpan, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Leticia Nicolás-Toledo
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
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Falvo S, Minucci S, Santillo A, Senese R, Chieffi Baccari G, Venditti M. A short-term high-fat diet alters rat testicular activity and blood-testis barrier integrity through the SIRT1/NRF2/MAPKs signaling pathways. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1274035. [PMID: 38027181 PMCID: PMC10643185 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1274035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight/obesity are metabolic disorder resulting from behavioral, environmental, and heritable causes. WHO estimates that 50% of adults and 30% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, and, in parallel, an ongoing decline in sperm quality and male fertility has been described. Numerous studies demonstrated the intimate association between overweight/obesity and reproductive dysfunction due to a highly intricate network of causes not yet completely understood. This study expands the knowledge on the impact of a short-term high-fat diet (st-HFD) on rat testicular activity, specifically on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, focusing on the involved molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial dynamics, blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity, and SIRT1/NRF2/MAPKs pathways. Methods Ten adult Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of five and treated with a standard diet or an HFD for five weeks. At the end of the treatment, rats were anesthetized and sacrificed by decapitation. Blood was collected for serum sex hormone assay; one testis was stored at -80ÅãC for western blot analysis, and the other, was fixed for histological and immunofluorescence analysis. Results Five weeks of HFD results in reduced steroidogenesis, increased apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, and altered spermatogenesis, as highlighted by reduced protein levels ofmeiotic and post-meiotic markers. Further, we evidenced the compromission of the BTB integrity, as revealed by the downregulation of structural proteins (N-Cadherin, ZO-1, occludin, connexin 43, and VANGL2) other than the phosphorylation of regulative kinases (Src and FAK). At the molecular level, the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion, andbiogenesis), and the dysregulation of the SIRT1/NRF2/MAPKs signaling pathways, were evidenced. Interestingly, no change was observed in the levels of pro-inflammatory markers (TNFα, NF-kB, and IL-6). Conclusions The combined data led us to confirm that overweight is a less severe state than obesity. Furthermore, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the association between metabolic disorders and male fertility could improve the possibility of identifying novel targets to prevent and treat fertility disorders related to overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Falvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Caserta, Italy
| | - Sergio Minucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Chieffi Baccari
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Caserta, Italy
| | - Massimo Venditti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sez. Fisiologia Umana e Funzioni Biologiche Integrate, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Napoli, Italy
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Ameratunga D, Gebeh A, Amoako A. Obesity and male infertility. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 90:102393. [PMID: 37572397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing among both sexes, with associated impacts on chronic health and medical comorbidities. Similarly, the effects of obesity on reproductive health are increasingly being recognized. Adiposity is associated with reduced fertility in men, with a complex and multifactorial etiology. The reported effects of obesity on semen parameters and impaired fertility are contrasting, with some studies showing a clear reduction in reproductive outcomes associated with increased body mass index, while others do not show such impacts. These controversies may be due to the complex pathophysiology and interplay between gonadotropins and end organs, as well as genetic and epigenetic changes and oxidative stress on male fertility and function. These different aspects have led to heterogeneous participants in studies and varying implications for assisted reproductive outcomes as well as offspring health. Treatment modalities to manage obesity include lifestyle, medical, and surgical options, with emerging and effective medical treatments showing promise in reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devini Ameratunga
- Mayne Academy of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Fertility Group (QFG), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alpha Gebeh
- Department of Maternity and Gynecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Akwasi Amoako
- Mayne Academy of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Shalitin S, Gat-Yablonski G. Associations of Obesity with Linear Growth and Puberty. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 95:120-136. [PMID: 34130293 DOI: 10.1159/000516171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity in childhood has increased dramatically in recent decades with increased risk of developing cardiometabolic and other comorbidities. Childhood adiposity may also influence processes of growth and puberty. SUMMARY Growth patterns of obesity during childhood have been shown to be associated with increased linear growth in early childhood, leading to accelerated epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) maturation. Several hormones secreted by the adipose tissue may affect linear growth in the context of obesity, both via the growth hormone IGF-1 axis and via a direct effect on the EGP. The observation that children with obesity tend to mature earlier than lean children has led to the assumption that the degree of body fatness may trigger the neuroendocrine events that lead to pubertal onset. The most probable link between obesity and puberty is leptin and its interaction with the kisspeptin system, which is an important regulator of puberty. However, peripheral action of adipose tissue could also be involved in changes in the onset of puberty. In addition, nutritional factors, epigenetics, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals are potential mediators linking pubertal onset to obesity. In this review, we focused on interactions of obesity with linear growth and pubertal processes, based on basic research and clinical data in humans. KEY MESSAGE Children with obesity are subject to accelerated linear growth with risk of impaired adult height and early puberty, with its psychological consequences. The data highlight another important objective in combatting childhood obesity, for the prevention of abnormal growth and pubertal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Shalitin
- National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Gat-Yablonski
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Leisegang K. Oxidative Stress in Men with Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms and Management of Reproductive Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:237-256. [PMID: 35641873 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical physiological mediators of cellular function, including male fertility. When ROS exceed antioxidant regulation, oxidative stress occurs which is detrimental to cellular function. Oxidative stress has been found to be a central mediator of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as with male infertility. Human studies have correlated testicular oxidative stress in obese males, and animal studies have further provided insight into potential mechanisms of action. Management of oxidative stress is not well defined. Appropriate nutrition and exercise can be recommended for all diabetic patients, and weight loss for obese patients with MetS and T2DM. Consideration of dietary supplements including micronutrients, antioxidants or medicinal herbs are recommended. Metformin may also offer benefits on testicular oxidative stress and fertility parameters. Significantly more research on causation, mechanisms, clinical assessments and appropriate management of infertility on obesity, MetS and T2DM is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa.
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8
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Minas A, Fernandes ACC, Maciel Júnior VL, Adami L, Intasqui P, Bertolla RP. Influence of physical activity on male fertility. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14433. [PMID: 35415898 DOI: 10.1111/and.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a worldwide issue impacting 15% of couples' population. Male-related infertility results in almost 50% of these cases. Considering lifestyle factors associated with infertility, here in this literature review article, we aimed to discuss training/sport effects on male-related infertility. Regarding this issue, human and animal model studies related to the subject were gathered and analysed. Exercise is well known as a general improving factor, however, excessive exercise can result in male infertility due to reduced hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPT) function, increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Consequently, these underlying impacts result in a low testosterone production, and reduced semen quality, and can lead to infertility. In contrast, it has been revealed that exercise can improve male fertility status in lifestyle-induced infertility condition such as obesity and diabetes. Indeed, exercise, by increasing testicular antioxidant defence, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines level and enhancing the steroidogenesis process, leads to improved spermatogenesis and semen quality in lifestyle-induced infertility. In fact, it seems that individual health status as well as exercise volume, intensity and duration are effective-involved co-factors that influence the impact that exercise will promote on male fertility. Regarding these findings, it is important to study exercise different impacts in further clinical trials in order to generate preservative guidelines for exercise and also considering exercise as a treatment option in lifestyle-induced disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Minas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Valter Luiz Maciel Júnior
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Adami
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Intasqui
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pimenta Bertolla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Human Reproduction Section, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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The role of leptin and low testosterone in obesity. Int J Impot Res 2022; 34:704-713. [DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Bakhtyukov AA, Derkach KV, Sorokoumov VN, Stepochkina AM, Romanova IV, Morina IY, Zakharova IO, Bayunova LV, Shpakov AO. The Effects of Separate and Combined Treatment of Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes with Metformin and Orthosteric and Allosteric Agonists of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor on Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:198. [PMID: 35008624 PMCID: PMC8745465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis are impaired. Metformin and the agonists of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-receptor (LH/hCG-R) (hCG, low-molecular-weight allosteric LH/hCG-R-agonists) can be used to restore them. The aim was to study effectiveness of separate and combined administration of metformin, hCG and 5-amino-N-tert-butyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(3-(nicotinamido)phenyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (TP3) on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in male rats with T2DM. hCG (15 IU/rat/day) and TP3 (15 mg/kg/day) were injected in the last five days of five-week metformin treatment (120 mg/kg/day). Metformin improved testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and restored LH/hCG-R-expression. Compared to control, in T2DM, hCG stimulated steroidogenesis and StAR-gene expression less effectively and, after five-day administration, reduced LH/hCG-R-expression, while TP3 effects changed weaker. In co-administration of metformin and LH/hCG-R-agonists, on the first day, stimulating effects of LH/hCG-R-agonists on testosterone levels and hCG-stimulated expression of StAR- and CYP17A1-genes were increased, but on the 3-5th day, they disappeared. This was due to reduced LH/hCG-R-gene expression and increased aromatase-catalyzed estradiol production. With co-administration, LH/hCG-R-agonists did not contribute to improving spermatogenesis, induced by metformin. Thus, in T2DM, metformin and LH/hCG-R-agonists restore steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, with metformin being more effective in restoring spermatogenesis, and their co-administration improves LH/hCG-R-agonist-stimulating testicular steroidogenesis in acute but not chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Bakhtyukov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Kira V. Derkach
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Viktor N. Sorokoumov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna M. Stepochkina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Irina V. Romanova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Irina Yu. Morina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Irina O. Zakharova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Liubov V. Bayunova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Alexander O. Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
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11
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Ghaderpour S, Ghiasi R, Heydari H, Keyhanmanesh R. The relation between obesity, kisspeptin, leptin, and male fertility. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2021; 43:235-247. [PMID: 34931507 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, obesity and infertility in men increased in parallel, and the association between both phenomena have been examined by several researchers. despite the fact that there is no agreement, obesity appears to affect the reproductive potential of men through various mechanisms, such as changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis, spermatogenesis, sperm quality and/or alteration of sexual health. Leptin is a hormone produced by the adipose tissue, and its production elevates with increasing body fat. Many studies have supported the relationship between raised leptin production and reproductive function regulation. In fact, Leptin acts on the HPT axis in men at all levels. However, most obese men are insensitive to increased production of endogenous leptin and functional leptin resistance development. Recently, it has been recommended that Kisspeptin neurons mediate the leptin's effects on the reproductive system. Kisspeptin binding to its receptor on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, activates the mammal's reproductive axis and stimulates GnRH release. Increasing infertility associated with obesity is probably mediated by the Kisspeptin-GnRH pathway. In this review, the link between obesity, kisspeptin, leptin, and male fertility will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Ghaderpour
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rafighe Ghiasi
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Heydari
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Faculty of Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Leisegang K, Roychoudhury S, Slama P, Finelli R. The Mechanisms and Management of Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Male Hypogonadism Associated with Non-communicable Chronic Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1834. [PMID: 34829704 PMCID: PMC8615233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens have diverse functions in muscle physiology, lean body mass, the regulation of adipose tissue, bone density, neurocognitive regulation, and spermatogenesis, the male reproductive and sexual function. Male hypogonadism, characterized by reduced testosterone, is commonly seen in ageing males, and has a complex relationship as a risk factor and a comorbidity in age-related noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and malignancy. Oxidative stress, as a significant contributor to the ageing process, is a common feature between ageing and NCDs, and the related comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress may also be a mediator of hypogonadism in males. Consequently, the management of oxidative stress may represent a novel therapeutic approach in this context. Therefore, this narrative review aims to discuss the mechanisms of age-related oxidative stress in male hypogonadism associated with NCDs and discusses current and potential approaches for the clinical management of these patients, which may include conventional hormone replacement therapy, nutrition and lifestyle changes, adherence to the optimal body mass index, and dietary antioxidant supplementation and/or phytomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | | | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Oladele CA, Akintayo CO, Badejogbin OC, Oniyide AA, Omoaghe AO, Agunbiade TB, Olaniyi KS. Melatonin ameliorates endocrine dysfunction and defective sperm integrity associated with high-fat diet-induced obesity in male Wistar rats. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14242. [PMID: 34490912 DOI: 10.1111/and.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity (OBS) has been established as a link to male hypogonadism with consequent infertility. Previous studies have shown that melatonin (MEL) modulates hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function. The present study therefore investigated the hypothesis that MEL supplementation would attenuate spermatogenic and steroidogenic dysfunctions associated with obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats (n = 6/group) were used: control group received vehicle (normal saline), obese group received 40% high-fat diet and distilled water, MEL-treated group received MEL (4 mg/kg), and OBS + MEL group received MEL and 40% HFD and the treatment lasted for 12 weeks. HFD caused increased body weight, glucose intolerance, plasma triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/ very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde, as well as decreased antioxidant capacity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone and altered sperm parameters. However, all these alterations were attenuated when supplemented with MEL. Taken together, these results indicate that HFD exposure causes endocrine dysfunction and disrupted sperm parameters in obese animals, which are accompanied by lipid peroxidation/defective antioxidant capacity. In addition, the present results suggest that melatonin supplementation restores endocrine function and sperm integrity in obese rat model by suppression of oxidative stress-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort Abisola Oladele
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Adesola Adedotun Oniyide
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adams Olalekan Omoaghe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Toluwani Bosede Agunbiade
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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14
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Buch A, Marcus Y, Shefer G, Zimmet P, Stern N. Approach to Obesity in the Older Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2788-2805. [PMID: 34406394 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, weight loss in older obese people was feared because of ensuing muscle loss and frailty. Facing overall increasing longevity, high rates of obesity in older individuals (age ≥ 65 years) and a growing recognition of the health and functional cost of the number of obesity years, abetted by evidence that intentional weight loss in older obese people is safe, this approach is gradually, but not unanimously, being replaced by more active principles. Lifestyle interventions that include reduced but sufficient energy intake, age-adequate protein and micronutrient intake, coupled with aerobic and resistance exercise tailored to personal limitations, can induce weight loss with improvement in frailty indices. Sustained weight loss at this age can prevent or ameliorate diabetes. More active steps are controversial. The use of weight loss medications, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs (liraglutide as the first example), provides an additional treatment tier. Its safety and cardiovascular health benefits have been convincingly shown in older obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In our opinion, this option should not be denied to obese individuals with prediabetes or other obesity-related comorbidities based on age. Finally, many reports now provide evidence that bariatric surgery can be safely performed in older people as the last treatment tier. Risk-benefit issues should be considered with extreme care and disclosed to candidates. The selection process requires good presurgical functional status, individualized consideration of the sequels of obesity, and reliance on centers that are highly experienced in the surgical procedure as well as short-term and long-term subsequent comprehensive care and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Buch
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Yonit Marcus
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gabi Shefer
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Paul Zimmet
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Naftali Stern
- The Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- The Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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15
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Enríquez-Reyes R. Obesidad: epidemia del siglo XXI y su relación con la fertilidad. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Shpakov AO. Improvement Effect of Metformin on Female and Male Reproduction in Endocrine Pathologies and Its Mechanisms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010042. [PMID: 33429918 PMCID: PMC7826885 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MF), a first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), alone and in combination with other drugs, restores the ovarian function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and improves fetal development, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and T2DM. MF treatment is demonstrated to improve the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and is considered a supplementary drug in assisted reproductive technologies. MF administration shows positive effect on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in men with metabolic disorders, thus MF treatment indicates prospective use for improvement of male reproductive functions and fertility. MF lacks teratogenic effects and has positive health effect in newborns. The review is focused on use of MF therapy for restoration of female and male reproductive functions and improvement of pregnancy outcomes in metabolic and endocrine disorders. The mechanisms of MF action are discussed, including normalization of metabolic and hormonal status in PCOS, GDM, T2DM and metabolic syndrome and restoration of functional activity and hormonal regulation of the gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Shpakov
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several studies suggest a strong association between leptin, obesity, and infertility with respect to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, androgen regulation, and sperm production, but the direct mechanistic association between these is still largely unexplored. This review focuses on understanding the association between leptin, obesity, and male infertility. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity is linked to fertility dysfunction in both genders. Obesity in men may affect their fertility by impaired spermatogenesis, reduced testosterone levels, erectile dysfunction, and poor libido by putatively targeting the HPG and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. Leptin plays key roles in many metabolic functions, including reproduction. High concentrations of leptin have been found in infertile men with disorders affecting the testicular parenchyma, including nonobstructive azoospermia, oligozoospermia, and oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia. Additionally, serum leptin levels have negative associations with serum testosterone levels and sperm parameters and positive associations with serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels and abnormal sperm morphology. SUMMARY Excessive leptin production may be a significant contributor to the development of androgen insufficiency and reduced reproductive function in obese men. Understanding the relation between leptin, obesity, and reproduction may shed light on future targeted treatments for male infertility.
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Crisóstomo L, Videira RA, Jarak I, Starčević K, Mašek T, Rato L, Raposo JF, Batterham RL, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Diet during early life defines testicular lipid content and sperm quality in adulthood. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E1061-E1073. [PMID: 33044846 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00235.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a serious concern associated with ill health later in life. Emerging data suggest that obesity has long-term adverse effects upon male sexual and reproductive health, but few studies have addressed this issue. We hypothesized that exposure to high-fat diet during early life alters testicular lipid content and metabolism, leading to permanent damage to sperm parameters. After weaning (day 21 after birth), 36 male mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed with a different diet regimen for 200 days: a standard chow diet (CTRL), a high-fat diet (HFD) (carbohydrate: 35.7%, protein: 20.5%, and fat: 36.0%), and a high-fat diet for 60 days, then replaced by standard chow (HFDt). Biometric and metabolic data were monitored. Animals were then euthanized, and tissues were collected. Epididymal sperm parameters and endocrine parameters were evaluated. Testicular metabolites were extracted and characterized by 1H-NMR and GC-MS. Testicular mitochondrial and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Our results show that mice fed with a high-fat diet, even if only until early adulthood, had lower sperm viability and motility, and higher incidence of head and tail defects. Although diet reversion with weight loss during adulthood prevents the progression of metabolic syndrome, testicular content in fatty acids is irreversibly affected. Excessive fat intake promoted an overaccumulation of proinflammatory n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the testis, which is strongly correlated with negative effects upon sperm quality. Therefore, the adoption of high-fat diets during early life correlates with irreversible changes in testicular lipid content and metabolism, which are related to permanent damage to sperm quality later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Crisóstomo
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Romeu A Videira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Kristina Starčević
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Mašek
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luís Rato
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João F Raposo
- NOVA Medical School, New University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal, Diabetes Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rachel L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, Rayne Institute; Centre for Weight Management and Metabolic Surgery and National Institute of Health Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Unidade de Investigação em Química Orgânica, Produtos Naturais e Agroalimentares (QOPNA) and Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde | Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Santillo A, Giacco A, Falvo S, Di Giacomo Russo F, Senese R, Di Fiore MM, Chieffi Baccari G, Lanni A, de Lange P. Mild Exercise Rescues Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis in Rats Submitted to Food Withdrawal. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:302. [PMID: 32477274 PMCID: PMC7237727 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to increase our insight into the molecular basis of the physiological changes in rat testis induced by food withdrawal, and to clarify whether reduced testicular function can be ameliorated by mild exercise. Male rats were selected for four separate experiments. The first of each group was chow-fed, the second was chow-fed and submitted to exercise (5 bouts in total for 30 min at 15 m/min, and 0° inclination), the third was submitted to food withdrawal (66 h) and the fourth was submitted to food withdrawal and to exercise. At the end of experiments, we investigated (i) serum and testicular sex hormone levels; (ii) protein levels of StAR, 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and P450 aromatase, which play a key role in steroid hormone biosynthesis; and (iii) protein levels of mitotic and meiotic markers of spermatogenesis in rats, in relation to testis morphology and morphometry. We found that mild exercise or food withdrawal alone induced a significant increase or decrease in both serum and testis testosterone levels, respectively. Interestingly, we found that these levels were brought back to basal levels when food withdrawal was combined with mild exercise. The changes in testosterone levels observed in our experimental groups correlated well with the expression of steroidogenic enzymes as well as with spermatogenic activity. With mild exercise the increased testosterone/17β-estradiol (T/E2) ratio in the testis correlated with an increased spermatogenic activity. The T/E2 ratio dropped in fasted rats and was significantly reversed when food withdrawal was combined with exercise. Histological and morphometric analyses confirmed that spermatogenic activity varied in concomitance with each experimental condition. Importantly, the testis and serum T/E2 ratios correlated, confirming that exercise rescues the decline in food withdrawal-induced spermatogenesis. In conclusion, this study highlights that mild exercise normalizes the reduced spermatogenic activity caused by food withdrawal through the modulation of the steroidogenic pathway and restoring the T/E2 ratio, underlining the beneficial effects of mild exercise on the prevention and/or amelioration of reduced testis function caused by restricted caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Santillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ”Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Sara Falvo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ”Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Di Giacomo Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ”Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ”Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Di Fiore
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ”Caserta, Italy
| | - Gabriella Chieffi Baccari
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ”Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ”Caserta, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli, ”Caserta, Italy
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Leisegang K, Henkel R, Agarwal A. Obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with systemic inflammation and the impact on the male reproductive system. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13178. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine University of the Western Cape Bellville Cape Town South Africa
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Biosciences University of the Western Cape Bellville Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Urology American Center for Reproductive Medicine Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Department of Urology American Center for Reproductive Medicine Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio
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21
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Silva T, Jesus M, Cagigal C, Silva C. Food with Influence in the Sexual and Reproductive Health. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:114-122. [PMID: 30255750 DOI: 10.2174/1389201019666180925140400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dysfunction and infertility are conditions with high prevalence in the general population. Nutritional factors have been reported to have an impact on sexual and reproductive health. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to summarize the data on nutritional factors that have influence on male and female sexual and reproductive function, including nutritional status, specific foods (e.g. dairy food), nutrients and other food components and dietary supplements. METHOD A literature search was performed using Cochrane Library, Medline and Science Direct databases without time limitations. RESULTS Obesity has a negative influence on male fertility, and weight loss improves male fertility. Food insufficiency is associated with increased sexual risk behaviours, more significant in women. Regarding macronutrients and group foods, trans-fatty acids, high glycemic index food, high carbohydrate diet and high animal protein intake prejudices fertility; omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, low glycemic index food and low carbohydrate diet, vegetable proteins and antioxidants improve fertility. Isoflavones have a negative impact on men fertility and improve sexual health of menopausal women. Whole milk improves women fertility, but men benefit from skim milk. Concerning dietary supplements, there is weak evidence sustaining efficacy, and the most promising supplements are yohimbine, vitamin B, L-arginine and vitamin D. CONCLUSION The compiled results indicate that despite the multifactorial etiology of sexual/ reproductive dysfunction, nutritional factors may affect the sexual and reproductive health in both men and women. However, it is necessary to further study to clarify this association and simultaneously improve the approach and treatment of patients with sexual and/or reproductive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Silva
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Jesus
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - César Cagigal
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
The identification of potential environmental hazards may be clinically relevant in the diagnosis of male infertility. Knowledge about these factors will improve prevention of fertility disorders. Apart from drugs or factors related to lifestyle such as alcohol and tobacco smoke, various environmental and occupational agents, both chemical and physical, may impair male reproductive function. Reproductive toxicity may evolve at the hypothalamic-pituitary, testicular, or post-testicular level; endpoints comprise deterioration of spermatogenesis and sperm function as well as endocrine disorders and sexual dysfunction. With regard to the complex regulation of the male reproductive system, the available information concerning single exogenous factors and their mechanisms of action in humans is limited. This is also due to the fact that extrapolation of results obtained from experimental animal or in vitro studies remains difficult. Nevertheless, the assessment of relevant exposure to reproductive toxicants should be carefully evaluated during diagnostic procedures of andrological patients.
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Yeap BB, Wu FCW. Clinical practice update on testosterone therapy for male hypogonadism: Contrasting perspectives to optimize care. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 90:56-65. [PMID: 30358898 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
US Endocrine Society (ES) published a clinical practice guideline on testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism, and Endocrine Society of Australia (ESA) a position statement on management of male hypogonadism. Both emphasize the importance of diagnosing men who are androgen deficient due to organic (classical or pathological) hypogonadism arising from disorders of the hypothalamus, pituitary or testes, who assuredly benefit from testosterone therapy. Both recognize that men with an intact gonadal axis may have low testosterone concentrations, for instance older men or men with obesity or other medical comorbidities. ES guidelines classify such symptomatic men as having organic (advanced age) or functional (obesity, medical comorbidities) hypogonadism, giving an option for testosterone therapy as a shared decision between clinicians and individual patients. ESA did not recommend testosterone therapy in these men. ES offers a reference range for total testosterone established in young men, while ESA cites age-standardized reference ranges. ES recommends using free testosterone as well as total testosterone to identify men with hypogonadism in conditions where sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is altered, or when total testosterone is borderline. ESA recommends confirmatory biochemical testing with total testosterone, recognizing that this may be lower than expected if SHBG concentrations are low. Both emphasize the importance of identifying pre-existing prostate and cardiovascular disease prior to initiating testosterone therapy, with ES providing specific recommendations for PSA measurement, deferring testosterone therapy after major cardiovascular events and indications for pituitary imaging. These contrasting approaches highlight gaps in the evidence base where individualized patient management is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Matos B, Howl J, Ferreira R, Fardilha M. Exploring the effect of exercise training on testicular function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shalitin S, Kiess W. Putative Effects of Obesity on Linear Growth and Puberty
. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 88:101-110. [PMID: 28183093 DOI: 10.1159/000455968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem that has grown to epidemic proportions throughout the world. Obesity is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The nutritional status plays an important role in growth and body weight regulation. Excess adiposity during childhood can affect the process of growth and puberty. Obese children are frequently tall for their age, with accelerated epiphyseal growth plate maturation despite low growth hormone levels. Several regulatory hormones may affect the process of linear growth in the constellation of obesity, as high levels of insulin and leptin are observed in obese children. Leptin can act as a skeletal growth factor, with a direct effect on skeletal growth centers. The finding that overweight children, especially girls, tend to mature earlier than lean children has led to the hypothesis that the degree of body fatness may trigger the neuroendocrine events that lead to the onset of puberty. Leptin receptors have been identified in the hypothalamus, as well as in gonadotrope cells, ovarian follicular cells, and Leydig cells. The increased leptin and androgen levels seen in obese children may be implicated in their earlier onset of puberty and accelerated pubertal growth. This review is focused on the interaction between childhood obesity and growth and pubertal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Shalitin
- The Jesse Z. and Sara Lea Shafer Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Department of Women and Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospitals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Karamazak S, Kızılay F, Bahçeci T, Semerci B. Do body mass index, hormone profile and testicular volume effect sperm retrieval rates of microsurgical sperm extraction in the patients with nonobstructive azoospermia? Turk J Urol 2017; 44:202-207. [PMID: 29733793 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2017.80000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and the mean testicular volume on sperm retrieval rates in microsurgical sperm extraction (microTESE) in the patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). MATERIAL AND METHODS The data of 282 infertile patients with NOA were analysed retrospectively. The patients with normal karyotype and no Y microdeletions were included in the study. The patients were classified according to their BMI scores and the medical history, physical examination and hormonal parameters were evaluated. The overall data were processed statistically with chi-square and logistic regression analysis and the relation between preoperative findings and sperm retrieval rates was investigated. RESULTS The sperm retrieval rate of 282 patients after microTESE was found as 41.1%. There was no statistically significant difference in sperm retrieval rates among the subgroups classified according to BMI. FSH and LH levels and the mean testicular volume and pathologic findings were significantly correlated with sperm retrieval rates. CONCLUSION Finally significant correlation was determined between sperm retrieval rates and FSH, and LH levels and testicular volumes but no statistically significant difference was found in sperm retrieval rates among BMI groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Karamazak
- Department of Urology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fuat Kızılay
- Department of Urology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tuncer Bahçeci
- Department of Urology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bülent Semerci
- Department of Urology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Brock G, Ni X, Oelke M, Mulhall J, Rosenberg M, Seftel A, D'Souza D, Barry J. Efficacy of Continuous Dosing of Tadalafil Once Daily vs Tadalafil On Demand in Clinical Subgroups of Men With Erectile Dysfunction: A Descriptive Comparison Using the Integrated Tadalafil Databases. J Sex Med 2017; 13:860-75. [PMID: 27114197 PMCID: PMC5411983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Various factors play a role in the development of erectile dysfunction (ED). Aim To provide a descriptive comparison of erectile function response for tadalafil on-demand (PRN) and once-daily (OAD) dosing regimens in patients with common comorbid conditions, treatments, or risk factors that can be considered when treating ED. Methods In total, 17 PRN and 4 OAD placebo-controlled studies were included in the integrated database in these pooled analyses. Data were analyzed from patients treated with placebo, tadalafil 10 mg (low dose), and 20 mg (high dose) for the PRN studies and placebo, tadalafil 2.5 mg (low dose), and 5 mg (high dose) for the OAD studies. Main Outcome Measures The effects of tadalafil were measured using the International Index of Erectile Function administered from baseline to week 12. A descriptive comparison of the efficacy of tadalafil PRN vs OAD was examined in the clinical populations. Results Baseline characteristics of 4,354 men were comparable between the PRN and OAD groups, with differences seen only in the variables of race, body mass index (BMI) of at least 30 kg/m2, and alcohol use. Tadalafil was efficacious at improving erectile function for all clinical populations, except for the low-dose OAD group, which demonstrated a weaker effect vs placebo than the high-dose OAD group, and the low- and high-dose PRN groups vs placebo for patients with BMI of at least 30 kg/m2 for patients without a cardiovascular disorder, smokers, patients with ED duration shorter than 1 year, and patients without previous phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor use. Tadalafil was efficacious for patients with or without diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and alcohol use at baseline. Conclusion Tadalafil OAD and PRN regimens showed efficacy in patients with ED. No clinical populations of patients with ED seemed to benefit overwhelmingly from one dose regimen over the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Brock
- Western University, Canadian Urological Association, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao Ni
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthias Oelke
- Department of Urology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - John Mulhall
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Allen Seftel
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jane Barry
- Eli Lilly and Company, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK.
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Abstract
Subfertility is defined as the condition of being less than normally fertile though still capable of effecting fertilization. When these subfertile couples seek assistance for conception, a thorough evaluation of male endocrine function is often overlooked. Spermatogenesis is a complex process where even subtle alterations in this process can lead to subfertility or infertility. Male endocrine abnormalities may suggest a specific diagnosis contributing to subfertility; however, in many patients, the underlying etiology is still unknown. Optimizing underlying endocrine abnormalities may improve spermatogenesis and fertility. This manuscript reviews reproductive endocrine abnormalities and hormone-based treatments.
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Aiceles V, da Fonte Ramos C. A link between hypothyroidism, obesity and male reproduction. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 25:5-13. [PMID: 26953711 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the serum levels of thyroid hormones are below that necessary to carry out physiological functions in the body. Hypothyroidism is related to obesity as an increase in body weight gain is seen in hypothyroid patients. Moreover, an inverse correlation between free thyroxine values and body mass index has been reported. Leptin, a polypeptide hormone produced by adipocytes, was originally thought to be an antiobesity hormone due its anorexic effects on hypothalamic appetite regulation. However, nowadays it is known that leptin conveys information about the nutritional status to the brain being considered a crucial endocrine factor for regulating several physiological processes including reproduction. Since the identification of thyroid hormone and leptin receptors on the testes, these hormones are being recognized as having important roles in male reproductive functions. A clear link exists among thyroid hormones, leptin and reproduction. Both hormones can negatively affect spermatogenesis and consequently may cause male infertility. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the overall prevalence of primary infertility ranging from 8 to 15%. The fact that 30% of couples' inability to conceive is related to a male factor and that the longer hypothyroidism persisted, the greater the damage to the testes, strongly suggest that more studies attempting to clarify both hormones actions directly in the testes need to be conducted specially in cases of congenital hypothyroidism. Therefore, the goal of this review is to highlight the relationship of such hormones in the reproductive system.
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Alaee S, Talaiekhozani A, Ziaei GR, Lohrasbi P. Evaluation of Iranian College Students’ Awareness about Infertility Risk Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjhs-34172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Calderón B, Gómez-Martín JM, Vega-Piñero B, Martín-Hidalgo A, Galindo J, Luque-Ramírez M, Escobar-Morreale HF, Botella-Carretero JI. Prevalence of male secondary hypogonadism in moderate to severe obesity and its relationship with insulin resistance and excess body weight. Andrology 2015; 4:62-7. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berniza Calderón
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús M. Gómez-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
| | - Belén Vega-Piñero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
| | - Antonia Martín-Hidalgo
- Department of Biochemistry-Research; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
| | - Julio Galindo
- Department of General Surgery; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal; Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Luque-Ramírez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | - Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Madrid Spain
| | - José I. Botella-Carretero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition; Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal & Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Madrid Spain
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Pereira MC, Vieira MM, Pereira JS. Sperm Count Improvement in a Cancer-Surviving Patient. Case Rep Oncol 2015; 8:301-7. [PMID: 26351438 PMCID: PMC4560311 DOI: 10.1159/000438668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the case of a cancer-surviving patient who was treated with an aromatase inhibitor for fertility reasons with successful results. CLINICAL CASE A 30-year-old patient from our institute who had been submitted to bone marrow transplantation in the past as part of treatment for Hodgkin's disease had revealed oligospermia several times. His sperm count mean value was 33,500 cells/ml. He was treated with an aromatase inhibitor (letrozole, 2 mg/day) for 8 months. After this period, his sperm count had increased significantly to 1,000,000 cells/ml. CONCLUSION A large number of cancer survivors express a wish for having babies. After their cure, a lot of them have a low count of spermatozoids, and we think that our results show an easy way of helping them.
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Rosenblatt A, Faintuch J, Cecconello I. Abnormalities of Reproductive Function in Male Obesity Before and After Bariatric Surgery—A Comprehensive Review. Obes Surg 2015; 25:1281-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ramos CF, Zamoner A. Thyroid hormone and leptin in the testis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:198. [PMID: 25505448 PMCID: PMC4243692 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is primarily expressed in white adipose tissue; however, it is expressed in the hypothalamus and reproductive tissues as well. Leptin acts by activating the leptin receptors (Ob-Rs). Additionally, the regulation of several neuroendocrine and reproductive functions, including the inhibition of glucocorticoids and enhancement of thyroxine and sex hormone concentrations in human beings and mice are leptin functions. It has been suggested that thyroid hormones (TH) could directly regulate leptin expression. Additionally, hypothyroidism compromises the intracellular integration of leptin signaling specifically in the arcuate nucleus. Two TH receptor isoforms are expressed in the testis, TRa and TRb, with TRa being the predominant one that is present in all stages of development. The effects of TH involve the proliferation and differentiation of Sertoli and Leydig cells during development, spermatogenesis, and steroidogenesis. In this context, TH disorders are associated with sexual dysfunction. An endocrine and/or direct paracrine effect of leptin on the gonads inhibits testosterone production in Leydig cells. Further studies are necessary to clarify the effects of both hormones in the testis during hypothyroidism. The goal of this review is to highlight the current knowledge regarding leptin and TH in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Fonte Ramos
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cristiane Fonte Ramos, Laboratório de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doença Cardiovascular, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Av 28 de Setembro 87 fds, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil e-mail:
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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