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Chevalier C, Chica C, Matheau J, Pain A, Connor MG, Hamon MA. Epithelial cells maintain memory of prior infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae through di-methylation of histone H3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5545. [PMID: 38956024 PMCID: PMC11219877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are the first point of contact for bacteria entering the respiratory tract. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an obligate human pathobiont of the nasal mucosa, carried asymptomatically but also the cause of severe pneumoniae. The role of the epithelium in maintaining homeostatic interactions or mounting an inflammatory response to invasive S. pneumoniae is currently poorly understood. However, studies have shown that chromatin modifications, at the histone level, induced by bacterial pathogens interfere with the host transcriptional program and promote infection. Here, we uncover a histone modification induced by S. pneumoniae infection maintained for at least 9 days upon clearance of bacteria with antibiotics. Di-methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me2) is induced in an active manner by bacterial attachment to host cells. We show that infection establishes a unique epigenetic program affecting the transcriptional response of epithelial cells, rendering them more permissive upon secondary infection. Our results establish H3K4me2 as a unique modification induced by infection, distinct from H3K4me3 or me1, which localizes to enhancer regions genome-wide. Therefore, this study reveals evidence that bacterial infection leaves a memory in epithelial cells after bacterial clearance, in an epigenomic mark, thereby altering cellular responses to subsequent infections and promoting infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chevalier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Chromatin and Infection Laboratory, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Chica
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Justine Matheau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Chromatin and Infection Laboratory, F-75015, Paris, France
- Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité doctoral school, Department of Infectiology Microbiology, Université Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Pain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Michael G Connor
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Chromatin and Infection Laboratory, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Melanie A Hamon
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Chromatin and Infection Laboratory, F-75015, Paris, France.
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2
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Park JH, Mortaja M, Son HG, Zhao X, Sloat LM, Azin M, Wang J, Collier MR, Tummala KS, Mandinova A, Bardeesy N, Semenov YR, Mino-Kenudson M, Demehri S. Statin prevents cancer development in chronic inflammation by blocking interleukin 33 expression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4099. [PMID: 38816352 PMCID: PMC11139893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major cause of cancer worldwide. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a critical initiator of cancer-prone chronic inflammation; however, its induction mechanism by environmental causes of chronic inflammation is unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/4-TBK1-IRF3 pathway activation links environmental insults to IL-33 induction in the skin and pancreas inflammation. An FDA-approved drug library screen identifies pitavastatin to effectively suppress IL-33 expression by blocking TBK1 membrane recruitment/activation through the mevalonate pathway inhibition. Accordingly, pitavastatin prevents chronic pancreatitis and its cancer sequela in an IL-33-dependent manner. The IRF3-IL-33 axis is highly active in chronic pancreatitis and its associated pancreatic cancer in humans. Interestingly, pitavastatin use correlates with a significantly reduced risk of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in patients. Our findings demonstrate that blocking the TBK1-IRF3-IL-33 signaling axis suppresses cancer-prone chronic inflammation. Statins present a safe and effective prophylactic strategy to prevent chronic inflammation and its cancer sequela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Park
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Mahsa Mortaja
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heehwa G Son
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xutu Zhao
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren M Sloat
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marjan Azin
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Collier
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna S Tummala
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Mandinova
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yevgeniy R Semenov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Yudhawati R, Wicaksono NF. Immunomodulatory Effects of Fluoroquinolones in Community-Acquired Pneumonia-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:761. [PMID: 38672119 PMCID: PMC11048665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia is reported as one of the infectious diseases that leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The innate immune system is the first line of defence against microbial invasion; however, its dysregulation during infection, resulting in an increased pathogen load, stimulates the over-secretion of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This phenomenon causes damage to the epithelial-endothelial barrier of the pulmonary alveoli and the leakage of the intravascular protein into the alveolar lumen. Fluoroquinolones are synthetic antimicrobial agents with immunomodulatory properties that can inhibit bacterial proliferation as well as exhibit anti-inflammatory activities. It has been demonstrated that the structure of fluoroquinolones, particularly those with a cyclopropyl group, exerts immunomodulatory effects. Its capability to inhibit phosphodiesterase activity leads to the accumulation of intracellular cAMP, which subsequently enhances PKA activity, resulting in the inhibition of transcriptional factor NF-κB and the activation of CREB. Another mechanism reported is the inhibition of TLR and ERK signalling pathways. Although the sequence of events has not been completely understood, significant progress has been made in comprehending the specific mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of fluoroquinolones. Here, we review the indirect immunomodulatory effects of FQs as an alternative to empirical therapy in patients diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resti Yudhawati
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Surabaya 60015, Indonesia
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
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Lee S, Song SG, Kim G, Kim S, Yoo HJ, Koh J, Kim YJ, Tian J, Cho E, Choi YS, Chang S, Shin HM, Jung KC, Kim JH, Kim TM, Jeon YK, Kim HY, Shong M, Kim JH, Chung DH. CRIF1 deficiency induces FOXP3 LOW inflammatory non-suppressive regulatory T cells, thereby promoting antitumor immunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9600. [PMID: 38536932 PMCID: PMC10971410 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Recently identified human FOXP3lowCD45RA- inflammatory non-suppressive (INS) cells produce proinflammatory cytokines, exhibit reduced suppressiveness, and promote antitumor immunity unlike conventional regulatory T cells (Tregs). In spite of their implication in tumors, the mechanism for generation of FOXP3lowCD45RA- INS cells in vivo is unclear. We showed that the FOXP3lowCD45RA- cells in human tumors demonstrate attenuated expression of CRIF1, a vital mitochondrial regulator. Mice with CRIF1 deficiency in Tregs bore Foxp3lowINS-Tregs with mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprograming. The enhanced glutaminolysis activated α-ketoglutarate-mTORC1 axis, which promoted proinflammatory cytokine expression by inducing EOMES and SATB1 expression. Moreover, chromatin openness of the regulatory regions of the Ifng and Il4 genes was increased, which facilitated EOMES/SATB1 binding. The increased α-ketoglutarate-derived 2-hydroxyglutarate down-regulated Foxp3 expression by methylating the Foxp3 gene regulatory regions. Furthermore, CRIF1 deficiency-induced Foxp3lowINS-Tregs suppressed tumor growth in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. Thus, CRIF1 deficiency-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction results in the induction of Foxp3lowINS-Tregs including FOXP3lowCD45RA- cells that promote antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsin Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Geun Song
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwanghun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Yoo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccine Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jingwen Tian
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eunji Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoe Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Mu Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center (AMC), Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Vaccine Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Li A, Leng H, Li Z, Jin L, Sun K, Feng J. Temporal dynamics of the bat wing transcriptome: Insight into gene-expression changes that enable protection against pathogen. Virulence 2023; 14:2156185. [PMID: 36599840 PMCID: PMC9815227 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2156185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin acts as a mechanical barrier between the body and its surrounding environment and plays an important role in resistance to pathogens. However, we still know little regarding skin responses to physiological changes, particularly with regard to responses against potential pathogens. We herein executed RNA-seq on the wing of the Rhinolophus ferrumequinum to assess gene-expression variations at four physiological stages: pre-hibernation, hibernation (early-hibernation and late-hibernation), and post-hibernation, as well as the gene-expression patterns of infected and uninfected bats with the Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd). Our results showed that a greater number of differentially expressed genes between the more disparate physiological stages. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated response pathways in hibernating bats included phosphorus metabolism and immune response, indicating metabolic suppression and decreased whole immune function. We also found up-regulated genes in post-hibernating bats that included C-type lectin receptor signalling, Toll-like receptor signalling pathway, and cell adhesion, suggesting that the immune response and skin integrity of the wing were improved after bats emerged from their hibernation and that this facilitated clearing Pd from the integument. Additionally, we found that the genes involved in cytokine or chemokine activity were up-regulated in late-hibernation compared to early-hibernation and that FOSB regulation of immune cell activation was differentially expressed in bats infected with Pd during late-hibernation, implying that the host's innate immune function was enhanced during late-hibernation so as to resist pathogenic infection. Our findings highlight the concept that maintenance of intrinsic immunity provides protection against pathogenic infections in highly resistant bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoqiang Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China,School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixia Leng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongle Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China,College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Longru Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Keping Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China,CONTACT Keping Sun
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China,College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China,Jiang Feng
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6
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Shi Q, Li Z, Dong Y, Yang G, Li M. LncRNA THRIL, transcriptionally activated by AP-1 and stabilized by METTL14-mediated m6A modification, accelerates LPS-evoked acute injury in alveolar epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110740. [PMID: 37543013 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its extreme manifestation, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are life-threatening diseases in intensive care units. LncRNA THRIL plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response; however, the potential function of THRIL in ALI/ARDS and the associated mechanism remain unclear. In our study, we found that THRIL was upregulated in the serum of ALI/ARDS patients, and its increased expression was positively correlated with the inflammatory cytokines IL-17. In LPS-induced A549 cells, knockdown of THRIL inhibited the release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-6, decreased the number of monodansylcadaverine-positive cells and LC3-II with immunofluorescence staining, decreased the expression of autophagy marker ATG7 and Beclin1, and increased expression of p62. Mechanistically, the transcription factor AP-1 bound directly to the THRIL promoter region and activated its transcription by c-Jun upon LPS exposure. Moreover, m6A modification of THRIL was increased in LPS-treated A549 cells, and METTL14 knockdown significantly abolished m6A modification and reduced stabilization of THRIL mRNA. In conclusion, our findings reveal that THRIL, transcriptionally activated by AP-1 and modified by METTL14-mediated m6A modification, induces autophagy in LPS-treated A549 cells, suggesting the potential application of THRIL for ALI/ARDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yixin Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guigui Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Kikusato M, Toyomizu M. Mechanisms underlying the Effects of Heat Stress on Intestinal Integrity, Inflammation, and Microbiota in Chickens. J Poult Sci 2023; 60:2023021. [PMID: 37560151 PMCID: PMC10406517 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2023021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat and egg production benefits from a smaller carbon footprint, as well as feed and water consumption, per unit of product, than other protein sources. Therefore, maintaining a sustainable production of poultry meat is important to meet the increasing global demand for this staple. Heat stress experienced during the summer season or in tropical/subtropical areas negatively affects the productivity and health of chickens. Crucially, its impact is predicted to grow with the acceleration of global warming. Heat stress affects the physiology, metabolism, and immune response of chickens, causing electrolyte imbalance, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, inflammation, and immunosuppression. These changes do not occur independently, pointing to a systemic mechanism. Recently, intestinal homeostasis has been identified as an important contributor to nutrient absorption and the progression of systemic inflammation. Its mechanism of action is thought to involve neuroendocrine signaling, antioxidant response, the presence of oxidants in the diet, and microbiota composition. The present review focuses on the effect of heat stress on intestinal dysfunction in chickens and the underlying causative factors. Understanding these mechanisms will direct the design of strategies to mitigate the negative effect of heat stress, while benefiting both animal health and sustainable poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kikusato
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toyomizu
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Retnakumar SV, Chauvin C, Bayry J. The implication of anti-PD-1 therapy in cancer patients for the vaccination against viral and other infectious diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108399. [PMID: 37001736 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of 'T cell exhaustion', a state of T cell dysfunction observed during chronic infections and cancers, has been a major obstacle in mounting appropriate immune responses against infectious agents or tumor antigens. The exhausted T cells are characterized by poor effector functions mainly due to the overexpression of inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing 3 (TIM3), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), and T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT), commonly referred to as immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules. ICP blockade, especially of PD-1 that can potentially reverse T cell exhaustion and thereby re-stimulate the impaired immune system, is widely used in clinics as a promising therapeutic strategy for various cancers and is more recently being investigated in infectious diseases as well. In fact, cancer patients represent a population of immunocompromised individuals who are more susceptible to infections and associated complications, and thus the need for protective vaccinations against these diseases is of prime importance in this category. When it comes to vaccinating anti-PD-1-treated cancer patients against infectious diseases including COVID-19 and influenza, a special focus should be brought on the revived immune cells, which could be dynamically affected by the antigenic stimulation. However, since cancer patients are not generally included in clinical trials for designing vaccines against infectious diseases, the possible interaction between vaccine immune responses and ICP therapy is largely unexplored. Mechanistically, the reversal of T cell exhaustion by ICP in an otherwise immunocompromised population could be beneficial for the vaccine's efficacy, helping the immune system to mount a robust immune response. Nevertheless, patients with cancer undergoing anti-PD-1 blockade are known to experience immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). The risk of increasing the irAEs due to the overstimulation of the immune system during vaccination is a major concern. Therefore, while routine vaccination is indispensable for the protection of cancer patients, the impact of PD-1 blockade on vaccine responses against infectious agents requires careful consideration to avoid undesirable adverse effects that could impair the efficacy of anti-cancer treatment.
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9
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Park JH, Mortaja M, Son H, Azin M, Wang J, Collier M, Mandinova A, Semenov Y, Mino-Kenudson M, Demehri S. Statin prevents cancer development in chronic inflammation by blocking interleukin 33 expression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2318750. [PMID: 36711701 PMCID: PMC9882616 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2318750/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major cause of cancer worldwide. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a critical initiator of cancer-prone chronic inflammation; however, its induction mechanism by the environmental causes of chronic inflammation is unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/4-TBK1-IRF3 pathway activation links environmental insults to IL-33 induction in the skin and pancreas. FDA-approved drug library screen identified pitavastatin as an effective IL-33 inhibitor by blocking TBK1 membrane recruitment/activation through the mevalonate pathway inhibition. Accordingly, pitavastatin prevented chronic pancreatitis and its cancer sequela in an IL-33-dependent manner. IRF3-IL-33 axis was highly active in chronic pancreatitis and its associated pancreatic cancer in humans. Interestingly, pitavastatin use correlated with a significantly reduced risk of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in patients. Our findings demonstrate that blocking the TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway suppresses IL-33 expression and cancer-prone chronic inflammation. Statins present a safe and effective therapeutic strategy to prevent chronic inflammation and its cancer sequela.
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10
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Chandel S, Joon A, Kaur S, Ghosh S. Role of ST6GAL1 and ST6GAL2 in subversion of cellular signaling during enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection of human intestinal epithelial cell lines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1405-1420. [PMID: 36646912 PMCID: PMC9843105 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence have suggested that aberrant sialylation on cell-surface carbohydrate architecture may influence host-pathogen interactions. The α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST) enzymes were found to alter the glycosylation pattern of the pathogen-infected host cell-surface proteins, which could facilitate its invasion. In this study, we assessed the role of specific α2,6-ST enzymes in the regulation of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC)-induced cell signaling pathways in human intestinal epithelial cells. EAEC-induced expression of α2,6-ST family genes in HCT-15 and INT-407 cell lines was assessed at mRNA level by qRT-PCR. Specific esi-RNA was used to silence the target ST-gene in each of the EAEC-infected cell type. Subsequently, the role of these enzymes in regulation of EAEC-induced cell signaling pathways was unraveled by analyzing the expression of MAPkinases (ERK1/2, p38, JNK) and transcription factors (NFκB, cJun, cFos, STAT) at mRNA and protein levels by qRT-PCR and western immunoblotting, respectively, expression of selected sialoglycoproteins by western immunoblotting along with the secretory IL-8 response using sandwich ELISA. ST6GAL-1 and ST6GAL-2 were efficiently silenced in EAEC-infected HCT-15 and INT-407 cells, respectively. Significant reduction in EAEC-induced activation of MAPKs, transcription factors, sialoglycoproteins, and IL-8 secretion was noted in ST-silenced cells in comparison to the respective control cells. We propose that ST6GAL-1 and ST6GAL-2 are quintessential for EAEC-induced stimulation of MAPK-mediated pathways, resulting in activation of transcription factors, leading to an inflammatory response in the human intestinal epithelial cells. Our study may be helpful to design better therapeutic strategies to control EAEC- infection. KEY POINTS: • EAEC induces α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST) upregulation in intestinal epithelial cells • Target STs (ST6GAL-1 & ST6GAL-2) were efficiently silenced using specific esiRNAs • Expression of MAPKs, transcription factors & IL-8 was reduced in ST silenced cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Chandel
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Archana Joon
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Simarpreet Kaur
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Sujata Ghosh
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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11
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Liu X, Li L, Yin Y, Zhang L, Wang W. Single-cell transcriptomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic characterization of human atherosclerosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1215. [PMID: 36544681 PMCID: PMC9761163 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is the main cause of many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs), and gaining a deeper understanding of the intercellular connections and key central genes which mediate formation of atherosclerotic plaques is required. Methods We performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of differential genetic screening, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway annotation, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), pseudo-timing, intercellular communication, transcription factors on carotid single-cell sequencing data, and aortic bulk transcriptome and metabolomic data. Results Ten cell types were identified in the data: T cells, monocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, B cells, fibroblasts, plasma cells, mast cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Endothelial, fibroblast, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell subtype differentiation trajectories, interaction networks, and important transcription factors were characterized in detail. Finally, using this information combined with transcriptome and metabolome analyses, we found the key genes and signaling pathways of atherosclerosis, especially the advanced glycation end products and receptor for advanced glycation end products signaling pathway (AGE-RAGE signaling pathway) in diabetic complications, linked the differential metabolites with fibroblasts and atherosclerosis and contributed to it in patients with diabetes. Conclusions Collectively, this study provides key genes, signaling pathways, cellular communication, and transcription factors among endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells for the study of atherosclerotic plaques, and provides a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis-like sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiru Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Likui Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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12
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Shim YY, Kim JH, Cho JY, Reaney MJT. Health benefits of flaxseed and its peptides (linusorbs). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1845-1864. [PMID: 36193986 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2119363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has been associated with numerous health benefits. The flax plant synthesizes an array of biologically active compounds including peptides or linusorbs (LOs, a.k.a., cyclolinopeptides), lignans, soluble dietary fiber and omega-3 fatty acids. The LOs arise from post-translational modification of four or more ribosome-derived precursors. These compounds exhibit an array of biological activities, including suppression of T-cell proliferation, excessive inflammation, and osteoclast replication as well as induction of apoptosis in some cancer cell lines. The mechanisms of LO action are only now being elucidated but these compounds might interact with other active compounds in flaxseed and contribute to biological activity attributed to other flax compounds. This review focuses on both the biological interaction of LOs with proteins and other molecules and comprehensive knowledge of LO pharmacological and biological properties. The physicochemical and nutraceutical properties of LOs, as well as the biological effects of certain LOs, and their underlying mechanisms of action, are reviewed. Finally, strategies for producing LOs by either peptide synthesis or recombinant organisms are presented. This review will be the first to describe LOs as a versatile scaffold for the action of compounds to deliver physiochemically/biologically active molecules for developing novel nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Young Shim
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Prairie Tide Diversified Inc, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Kumar P, Soory A, Mustfa SA, Sarmah DT, Devvanshi H, Chatterjee S, Bossis G, Ratnaparkhi GS, Srikanth CV. Bidirectional regulation between AP-1 and SUMO genes modulates inflammatory signalling during Salmonella infection. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276158. [PMID: 35904007 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as SUMOylation, are known to modulate fundamental processes of a cell. Infectious agents such as Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) that causes gastroenteritis, utilizes PTM mechanism SUMOylation to highjack host cell. STm suppresses host SUMO-pathway genes Ubc9 and PIAS1 to perturb SUMOylation for an efficient infection. In the present study, the regulation of SUMO-pathway genes during STm infection was investigated. A direct binding of c-Fos, a component of AP-1 (Activator Protein-1), to promoters of both UBC9 and PIAS1 was observed. Experimental perturbation of c-Fos led to changes in expression of both Ubc9 and PIAS1. STm infection of fibroblasts with SUMOylation deficient c-Fos (c-FOS-KOSUMO-def-FOS) resulted in uncontrolled activation of target genes, resulting in massive immune activation. Infection of c-FOS-KOSUMO-def-FOS cells favored STm replication, indicating misdirected immune mechanisms. Finally, chromatin Immuno-precipitation assays confirmed a context dependent differential binding and release of AP-1 to/from target genes due to its Phosphorylation and SUMOylation respectively. Overall, our data point towards existence of a bidirectional cross-talk between c-Fos and the SUMO pathway and highlighting its importance in AP-1 function relevant to STm infection and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pharvendra Kumar
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3rd milestone Gurgaon Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, India.,Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | | | | | - Dipanka Tanu Sarmah
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 3rd milestone Gurgaon Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, India
| | - Himadri Devvanshi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 3rd milestone Gurgaon Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, India
| | - Samrat Chatterjee
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 3rd milestone Gurgaon Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, India
| | - Guillaume Bossis
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - C V Srikanth
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, 3rd milestone Gurgaon Faridabad Expressway, Faridabad, India
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14
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Sen-Kilic E, Huckaby AB, Damron FH, Barbier M. P. aeruginosa type III and type VI secretion systems modulate early response gene expression in type II pneumocytes in vitro. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:345. [PMID: 35508983 PMCID: PMC9068226 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung airway epithelial cells are part of innate immunity and the frontline of defense against bacterial infections. During infection, airway epithelial cells secrete proinflammatory mediators that participate in the recruitment of immune cells. Virulence factors expressed by bacterial pathogens can alter epithelial cell gene expression and modulate this response. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, expresses numerous virulence factors to facilitate establishment of infection and evade the host immune response. This study focused on identifying the role of two major P. aeruginosa virulence factors, type III (T3SS) and type VI (T6SS) secretion systems, on the early transcriptome response of airway epithelial cells in vitro. RESULTS We performed RNA-seq analysis of the transcriptome response of type II pneumocytes during infection with P. aeruginosa in vitro. We observed that P. aeruginosa differentially upregulates immediate-early response genes and transcription factors that induce proinflammatory responses in type II pneumocytes. P. aeruginosa infection of type II pneumocytes was characterized by up-regulation of proinflammatory networks, including MAPK, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways. We also identified early response genes and proinflammatory signaling pathways whose expression change in response to infection with P. aeruginosa T3SS and T6SS mutants in type II pneumocytes. We determined that T3SS and T6SS modulate the expression of EGR1, FOS, and numerous genes that are involved in proinflammatory responses in epithelial cells during infection. T3SS and T6SS were associated with two distinct transcriptomic signatures related to the activation of transcription factors such as AP1, STAT1, and SP1, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, transcriptomic analysis of epithelial cells indicates that the expression of immediate-early response genes quickly changes upon infection with P. aeruginosa and this response varies depending on bacterial viability and injectosomes. These data shed light on how P. aeruginosa modulates host epithelial transcriptome response during infection using T3SS and T6SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Annalisa B Huckaby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA. .,Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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15
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Yu F, Li W, Wang L, Que S, Lu L. Characterization of grass carp FosB, Fosl2, JunD transcription factors in response to GCRV infection. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Zhao X, Miao G, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Xu Z, Wang B, Zhang L. Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection Induces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Atherosclerosis Through Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated JunB-Fra-1 Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:879023. [PMID: 35493076 PMCID: PMC9039263 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.879023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is closely related to atherosclerosis, which is a major pathological basis for cardiovascular diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is an important trigger in development of atherosclerosis that is associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection. However, the mechanism of VSMC migration remains unclear, and whether antioxidant could be a therapeutic target for C. pneumoniae infection-induced atherosclerosis also remains unknown. The results showed that C. pneumoniae infection mainly impaired mitochondrial function and increased the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). The expressions of protein JunB, Fra-1 and Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP) evidently increased after C. pneumoniae infection, and the interaction between JunB and Fra-1 was also enhanced. After scavenging mtROS by antioxidant Mito-TEMPO, the increasing expressions of JunB, Fra-1, MMP2 and the capacity of VSMC migration induced by C. pneumoniae infection were all inhibited. In comparison with infected ApoE-/- mice, the level of ROS in atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE-/-TLR2-/- mice with C. pneumoniae infection decreased. Knocking out TLR2 suppressed the expressions of JunB, Fra-1 and MMP2 in VSMCs and the formation of atherosclerotic lesion after C. pneumoniae infection. Furthermore, after using small interfering RNA to inhibit the expression of TLR2, the level of mtROS and the expressions of JunB, Fra-1 and MMP2 apparently decreased. Taken together, C. pneumoniae infection may promote VSMC migration and atherosclerosis development by increasing the level of mtROS through TLR2 to activate the JunB-Fra-1/MMP2 signaling pathway. The data provide the first evidence that antioxidant could reduce C. pneumoniae infection-induced VSMC migration and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guolin Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuke Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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17
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Alarcan J, de Sousa G, Katsanou ES, Spyropoulou A, Batakis P, Machera K, Rahmani R, Lampen A, Braeuning A, Lichtenstein D. Investigating the in vitro steatotic mixture effects of similarly and dissimilarly acting test compounds using an adverse outcome pathway-based approach. Arch Toxicol 2021; 96:211-229. [PMID: 34778935 PMCID: PMC8748329 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Within the EuroMix project, we have previously developed an adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-based in vitro assay toolbox to investigate the combined effects of liver steatosis-inducing compounds in human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells. In this study, we applied the toolbox to further investigate mixture effects of combinations, featuring either similarly acting or dissimilarly acting substances. The valproic acid structural analogs 2-propylheptanoic acid (PHP) and 2-propylhexanoic acid (PHX) were chosen for establishing mixtures of similarly acting substances, while a combination with the pesticidal active substance clothianidin (CTD) was chosen for establishing mixtures of dissimilarly acting compounds. We first determined relative potency factors (RPFs) for each compound based on triglyceride accumulation results. Thereafter, equipotent mixtures were tested for nuclear receptor activation in transfected HepG2 cells, while gene expression and triglyceride accumulation were investigated in HepaRG cells, following the proposed AOP for liver steatosis. Dose addition was observed for all combinations and endpoints tested, indicating the validity of the additivity assumption also in the case of the tested mixtures of dissimilarly acting substances. Gene expression results indicate that the existing steatosis AOP can still be refined with respect to the early key event (KE) of gene expression, in order to reflect the diversity of molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Alarcan
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georges de Sousa
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur-INRAE-CNRS, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Roger Rahmani
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d'Azur-INRAE-CNRS, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Zhao M, Wang S, Zuo A, Zhang J, Wen W, Jiang W, Chen H, Liang D, Sun J, Wang M. HIF-1α/JMJD1A signaling regulates inflammation and oxidative stress following hyperglycemia and hypoxia-induced vascular cell injury. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:40. [PMID: 34479471 PMCID: PMC8414688 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cell (EC) injury accelerates the progression of diabetic macrovascular complications. Hypoxia is an important cause of EC injury. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is an important hypoxia regulatory protein. Our previous studies showed that high-glucose and hypoxic conditions could upregulate HIF-1α expression and enhance EC inflammatory injury, independently of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. However, it is not clear whether HIF-1α plays a role in vascular disease through epigenetic-related mechanisms. Methods We conducted gene expression analysis and molecular mechanistic studies in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by hyperglycemia and hypoxia using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and small interfering HIF-1α (si-HIF-1α). We determined HIF-1α and Jumonji domain-containing protein 1 A (JMJD1A) expression by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot, analyzed inflammatory protein secretion in the cell supernatant by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and assessed protein interaction between HIF-1α and JMJD1A by chromatin immunoprecipitation (Ch-IP). We used the Cell Counting Kit8 (CCK-8) assay to analyze cell viability, and assessed oxidative stress indicators by using a detection kit and flow cytometry. Results High glucose and hypoxia up-regulated HIF-1α expression, and down-regulated HIF-1α decreased the level of inflammation and oxidative stress in HUVECs. To determine the downstream pathways, we observed histone demethylases genes and related pathway by RNA-sEq. Among these, JMJD1A was the most upregulated gene in histone demethylases. Moreover, we observed that HIF-1α bound to the promoter of JMJD1A, and the ameliorative effects of si-HIF-1α on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in high-glucose and hypoxia-induced HUVECs were reversed by JMJD1A overexpression. Furthermore, knockdown of JMJD1A decreased inflammatory and oxidative stress injury. To determine the JMJD1A-related factors, we conducted gene expression analysis on JMJD1A-knockdown HUVECs. We observed that downregulation of inflammation and the oxidative stress pathway were enriched and FOS and FOSB might be important protective transcription factors. Conclusions These findings provide novel evidence that the HIF-1α/JMJD1A signaling pathway is involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in HUVECs induced by high glucose and hypoxia. Also, this pathway might act as a novel regulator of oxidative stress and inflammatory-related events in response to diabetic vascular injury and thus contribute to the pathological progression of diabetes and vascular disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-021-00283-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoting Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Anna Zuo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiheng Wen
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiang Jiang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Donghui Liang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ming Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China. .,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Jannus F, Medina-O’Donnell M, Neubrand VE, Marín M, Saez-Lara MJ, Sepulveda MR, Rufino-Palomares EE, Martinez A, Lupiañez JA, Parra A, Rivas F, Reyes-Zurita FJ. Efficient In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Diamine-PEGylated Oleanolic Acid Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158158. [PMID: 34360922 PMCID: PMC8347335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that inflammation can contribute to all tumorigenic states. We have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of a diamine-PEGylated derivative of oleanolic acid (OADP), in vitro and in vivo with inflammation models. In addition, we have determined the sub-cytotoxic concentrations for anti-inflammatory assays of OADP in RAW 264.7 cells. The inflammatory process began with incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Nitric oxide production levels were also determined, exceeding 75% inhibition of NO for a concentration of 1 µg/mL of OADP. Cell-cycle analysis showed a reversal of the arrest in the G0/G1 phase in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, through Western blot analysis, we have determined the probable molecular mechanism activated by OADP; the inhibition of the expression of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2; and the blocking of p-IκBα production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Finally, we have analyzed the anti-inflammatory action of OADP in a mouse acute ear edema, in male BL/6J mice treated with OADP and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). Treatment with OADP induced greater suppression of edema and decreased the ear thickness 14% more than diclofenac. The development of new derivatives such as OADP with powerful anti-inflammatory effects could represent an effective therapeutic strategy against inflammation and tumorigenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Jannus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Marta Medina-O’Donnell
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-O.); (F.R.); (F.J.R.-Z.); Tel.: +34-958-243-252 (F.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Veronika E. Neubrand
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.E.N.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Milagros Marín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Maria J. Saez-Lara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - M. Rosario Sepulveda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.E.N.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Eva E. Rufino-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Antonio Martinez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Jose A. Lupiañez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Andres Parra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Francisco Rivas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-O.); (F.R.); (F.J.R.-Z.); Tel.: +34-958-243-252 (F.J.R.-Z.)
| | - Fernando J. Reyes-Zurita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.); (M.M.); (M.J.S.-L.); (E.E.R.-P.); (J.A.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-O.); (F.R.); (F.J.R.-Z.); Tel.: +34-958-243-252 (F.J.R.-Z.)
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20
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Luo T, Zheng F, Wang K, Xu Y, Xu H, Shen W, Zhu C, Zhang X, Sui W, Tang D, Yin L, Dai Y. A single-cell map for the transcriptomic signatures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in end-stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:599-608. [PMID: 31883338 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune aberrations in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are characterized by systemic inflammation and immune deficiency. The mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon remains limited. METHODS We generated 12 981 and 9578 single-cell transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that were pooled from 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with ESRD by single-cell RNA sequencing. Unsupervised clustering and annotation analyses were performed to cluster and identify cell types. The analysis of hallmark pathway and regulon activity was performed in the main cell types. RESULTS We identified 14 leukocytic clusters that corresponded to six known PBMC types. The comparison of cells from ESRD patients and healthy individuals revealed multiple changes in biological processes. We noticed an ESRD-related increase in inflammation response, complement cascade and cellular metabolism, as well as a strong decrease in activity related to cell cycle progression in relevant cell types in ESRD. Furthermore, a list of cell type-specific candidate transcription factors (TFs) driving the ESRD-associated transcriptome changes was identified. CONCLUSIONS We generated a distinctive, high-resolution map of ESRD-derived PBMCs. These results revealed cell type-specific ESRD-associated pathways and TFs. Notably, the pooled sample analysis limits the generalization of our results. The generation of larger single-cell datasets will complement the current map and drive advances in therapies that manipulate immune cell function in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huixuan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxi Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengxin Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiguo Sui
- Department of Nephrology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases Research, Guilin NO. 924 Hospital, Guilin, China
| | - Donge Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Hayward RJ, Humphrys MS, Huston WM, Myers GSA. Dual RNA-seq analysis of in vitro infection multiplicity and RNA depletion methods in Chlamydia-infected epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10399. [PMID: 34001998 PMCID: PMC8128910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual RNA-seq experiments examining viral and bacterial pathogens are increasing, but vary considerably in their experimental designs, such as infection rates and RNA depletion methods. Here, we have applied dual RNA-seq to Chlamydia trachomatis infected epithelial cells to examine transcriptomic responses from both organisms. We compared two time points post infection (1 and 24 h), three multiplicity of infection (MOI) ratios (0.1, 1 and 10) and two RNA depletion methods (rRNA and polyA). Capture of bacterial-specific RNA were greatest when combining rRNA and polyA depletion, and when using a higher MOI. However, under these conditions, host RNA capture was negatively impacted. Although it is tempting to use high infection rates, the implications on host cell survival, the potential reduced length of infection cycles and real world applicability should be considered. This data highlights the delicate nature of balancing host-pathogen RNA capture and will assist future transcriptomic-based studies to achieve more specific and relevant infection-related biological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan J Hayward
- The iThree Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Michael S Humphrys
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wilhelmina M Huston
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Garry S A Myers
- The iThree Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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22
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DNA or Protein Methylation-Dependent Regulation of Activator Protein-1 Function. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020461. [PMID: 33670008 PMCID: PMC7926996 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation and modification govern the transcriptional mechanisms that promote disease initiation and progression, but can also control the oncogenic processes, cell signaling networks, immunogenicity, and immune cells involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor responses. The study of epigenetic mechanisms could have important implications for the development of potential anti-inflammatory treatments and anti-cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we have described the key role of epigenetic progression: DNA methylation, histone methylation or modification, and protein methylation, with an emphasis on the activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. Transcription factor AP-1 regulates multiple genes and is involved in diverse cellular processes, including survival, differentiation, apoptosis, and development. Here, the AP-1 regulatory mechanism by DNA, histone, or protein methylation was also reviewed. Various methyltransferases activate or suppress AP-1 activities in diverse ways. We summarize the current studies on epigenetic alterations, which regulate AP-1 signaling during inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune diseases, and discuss the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of AP-1 signaling.
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23
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Kikusato M. Phytobiotics to improve health and production of broiler chickens: functions beyond the antioxidant activity. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:345-353. [PMID: 33705621 PMCID: PMC7961201 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytobiotics, also known as phytochemicals or phytogenics, have a wide variety of biological activities and have recently emerged as alternatives to synthetic antibiotic growth promoters. Numerous studies have reported the growth-promoting effects of phytobiotics in chickens, but their precise mechanism of action is yet to be elucidated. Phytobiotics are traditionally known for their antioxidant activity. However, extensive investigations have shown that these compounds also have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and transcription-modulating effects. Phytobiotics are non-nutritive constituents, and their bioavailability is low. Nonetheless, their beneficial effects have been observed in several tissues or organs. The health benefits of the ingestion of phytobiotics are attributed to their antioxidant activity. However, several studies have revealed that not all these benefits could be explained by the antioxidant effects alone. In this review, I focused on the bioavailability of phytobiotics and the possible mechanisms underlying their overall effects on intestinal barrier functions, inflammatory status, gut microbiota, systemic inflammation, and metabolism, rather than the specific effects of each compound. I also discuss the possible mechanisms by which phytobiotics contribute to growth promotion in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Kikusato
- Animal Nutrition, Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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24
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Poothong J, Jang I, Kaufman RJ. Defects in Protein Folding and/or Quality Control Cause Protein Aggregation in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:115-143. [PMID: 34050864 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is now a common hallmark of numerous human diseases, most of which involve cytosolic aggregates including Aβ (AD) and ⍺-synuclein (PD) in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, it is also evident that protein aggregation can also occur in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that leads to specific diseases due to loss of protein function or detrimental effects on the host cell, the former is inherited in a recessive manner where the latter are dominantly inherited. However, the mechanisms of protein aggregation, disaggregation and degradation in the ER are not well understood. Here we provide an overview of factors that cause protein aggregation in the ER and how the ER handles aggregated proteins. Protein aggregation in the ER can result from intrinsic properties of the protein (hydrophobic residues in the ER), oxidative stress or nutrient depletion. The ER has quality control mechanisms [chaperone functions, ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and autophagy] to ensure only correctly folded proteins exit the ER and enter the cis-Golgi compartment. Perturbation of protein folding in the ER activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) that evolved to increase ER protein folding capacity and efficiency and degrade misfolded proteins. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER to a level that exceeds the ER-chaperone folding capacity is a major factor that exacerbates protein aggregation. The most significant ER resident protein that prevents protein aggregation in the ER is the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) homologue, BiP/GRP78, which is a peptide-dependent ATPase that binds unfolded/misfolded proteins and releases them upon ATP binding. Since exogenous factors can also reduce protein misfolding and aggregation in the ER, such as chemical chaperones and antioxidants, these treatments have potential therapeutic benefit for ER protein aggregation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthakorn Poothong
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Insook Jang
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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25
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Jaisin Y, Ratanachamnong P, Wongsawatkul O, Watthammawut A, Malaniyom K, Natewong S. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of piperine on UV-B-irradiated human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Life Sci 2020; 263:118607. [PMID: 33091445 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increase in intracellular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species plays a key role in ultraviolet B (UV-B)-induced inflammatory responses in the human skin. Piperine exhibits many pharmacological benefits. In the present study, the photoprotective effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of piperine on UV-B-irradiated keratinocytes were investigated. Piperine exerted strong, direct scavenging effects on DPPH radicals and exhibited free radical scavenging capabilities as demonstrated by the DCFH-DA and Griess assays. Consistent with these results, 10, 20, and 40 μM piperine pretreatments attenuated UV-B irradiation-induced keratinocyte cytotoxicity as reported by the resazurin assay. The highest concentration of piperine inhibited UV-B irradiation-induced cell apoptosis, as revealed by Hoechst 33342 staining. Moreover, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of piperine using western blot analysis, real-time PCR, and ELISA. Pretreatment with piperine suppressed the activation of phosphorylated p38, JNK, and AP-1 as well as the levels of COX-2/PGE2 and iNOS synthesis, while UV-B-irradiated cells triggered the induction of these signaling molecules. These results indicated that the inhibition of these inflammatory signaling pathways might play a key role in the regulation of the anti-inflammatory effects of piperine. In addition, piperine showed stronger anti-inflammatory effects than celecoxib which served as a positive control at the same concentration. All these results suggested that the anti-inflammatory properties of piperine protected keratinocytes from UV-B-induced damage, which might be due to its antioxidant properties. Therefore, piperine may be an effective therapeutic candidate compound for the treatment of UV irradiation-induced skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamaratee Jaisin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | - Orapin Wongsawatkul
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atthaboon Watthammawut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittiya Malaniyom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutthibhon Natewong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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26
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Chen Z, Hua S. Transcription factor-mediated signaling pathways' contribution to the pathology of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5608-5618. [PMID: 33042442 PMCID: PMC7540143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is still spreading rapidly around the world, and one cause of lethality for patients infected with 2019-nCoV is acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is a severe syndrome of acute lung injury (ALI) that is predominantly triggered by inflammation and results in a sudden loss of, or damage to, kidney function. Emerging studies reveal that multiple transcription factor-associated signaling pathways are activated in the pathology of ALI/ARDS. Of these pathways, the activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), AP-1 (activator protein 1), IRFs (interferon regulatory factors), STATs (signal transducer and activator of transcription), Wnt/β-catenin-TCF/LEF (T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor), and CtBP2 (C-Terminal binding protein 2)-associated transcriptional complex contributes to ALI/ARDS pathology through diverse mechanisms, such as inducing proinflammatory cytokine levels and mediating macrophage polarization. In this review, we present an updated summary of the mechanisms underlying these signaling activations and regulations, as well as their contribution to the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS. We aim to develop a better understanding of how ALI/ARDS occurs and improve ALI/ARDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200065, China
| | - Shan Hua
- Department of Ultrasonography, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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27
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Cho YC, Vuong HL, Ha J, Lee S, Park J, Wibow AE, Cho S. Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses by Centella asiatica via Suppression of IRAK1-TAK1 in Mouse Macrophages. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1103-1120. [PMID: 32668965 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (C. asiatica) has been widely treated for inflammation-related diseases in China for thousands of years. While C. asiatica showed relevant effects as traditional medicine, the mechanism of C. asiatica suppressing inflammation has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to reveal the anti-inflammatory mechanism of methanol fraction from C. asiatica (MCA) at the molecular level in murine macrophages. Levels of inflammation-related mediators were observed with treatment of MCA. MCA significantly suppressed nitric oxide production and iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Prostaglandin E2 production was alleviated by MCA via the downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2. MCA treatment also reduced pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] and interleukin (IL)-6 levels. LPS/D-GalN-induced acute hepatitis in mouse was alleviated by MCA treatment. In addition, MCA decreased the phosphorylation of inhibitory [Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text] (I[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text]) at Ser32/36 and thereby blocked I[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text] degradation. TXY motif phosphorylation in the activation loops of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was also suppressed by MCA treatment. Further investigation revealed that MCA inhibited transforming growth factor-[Formula: see text]-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) phosphorylation and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK1) degradation, the upstream kinases activating nuclear factor [Formula: see text]B and MAPKs. Taken together, MCA exhibited anti-inflammatory properties via the downregulation of IRAK1-TAK1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chang Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Huong Lan Vuong
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jain Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Agung Eru Wibow
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Deputy for Agroindustrial Technology and Biotechnology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Sayeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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28
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Kori M, Arga KY. Pathways involved in viral oncogenesis: New perspectives from virus-host protein interactomics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165885. [PMID: 32574835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic viruses are among the apparent causes of cancer-associated mortality. It was estimated that 12% to 15% of human malignancies are linked to oncoviruses. Although modernist strategies and traditional genetic studies have defined host-pathogen interactions of the oncoviruses, their host functions which are critical for the establishment of infection still remain mysterious. However, over the last few years, it has become clear that infections hijack and modify cellular pathways for their benefit. In this context, we constructed the virus-host protein interaction networks of seven oncoviruses (EBV, HBV, HCV, HTLV-1, HHV8, HPV16, and HPV18), and revealed cellular pathways hijacking as a result of oncogenic virus infection. Several signaling pathways/processes such as TGF-β signaling, cell cycle, retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein, and androgen receptor signaling were mutually targeted by viruses to induce oncogenesis. Besides, cellular pathways specific to a certain virus were detected. By this study, we believe that we improve the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of viral oncogenesis and provide information in setting new targets for treatment, prognosis, and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medi Kori
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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29
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Modulation of T helper 1 and T helper 2 immune balance in a murine stress model during Chlamydia muridarum genital infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226539. [PMID: 32413046 PMCID: PMC7228091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A murine model to study the effect of cold-induced stress (CIS) on Chlamydia muridarum genital infection and immune response has been developed in our laboratory. Previous results in the lab show that CIS increases the intensity of chlamydia genital infection, but little is known about the effects and mechanisms of CIS on the differentiation and activities of CD4+ T cell subpopulations and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The factors that regulate the production of T helper 1 (Th1) or T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines are not well defined. In this study, we examined whether CIS modulates the expressions of beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR), transcription factors, hallmark cytokines of Th1 and Th2, and differentiation of BMDCs during C. muridarum genital infection in the murine model. Our results show that the mRNA level of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) compared to β1-AR and β3-AR was high in the mixed populations of CD4+ T cells and BMDCs. Furthermore, we observed decreased expression of T-bet, low level of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production, increased expression of GATA-3, and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in CD4+ T cells of stressed mice. Exposure of BMDCs to Fenoterol, β2-AR agonist, or ICI118,551, β2-AR antagonist, revealed significant β2-AR stimulation or inhibition, respectively, in stressed mice. Moreover, co-culturing of mature BMDCs and naïve CD4+ T cells increased the production of IL-4, IL-10, L-17, and IL-23 cytokines, suggesting that stimulation of β2-AR leads to the increased production of Th2 cytokines. Overall, our results show for the first time that CIS promotes the switching from a Th1 to Th2 cytokine environment. This was evidenced in the murine stress model by the overexpression of GATA-3 concurrent with elevated IL-4 production, reduced T-bet expression, and IFN-γ secretion.
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30
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Kim E, Jang J, Park JG, Kim KH, Yoon K, Yoo BC, Cho JY. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) Selective Inhibitor, TC-E 5003, Has Anti-Inflammatory Properties in TLR4 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093058. [PMID: 32357521 PMCID: PMC7246892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is the most predominant PRMT and is type I, meaning it generates monomethylarginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine. PRMT1 has functions in oxidative stress, inflammation and cancers, and modulates diverse diseases; consequently, numerous trials to develop PRMT1 inhibitors have been attempted. One selective PRMT1 inhibitor is N,N′-(Sulfonyldi-4,1-phenylene)bis(2-chloroacetamide), also named TC-E 5003 (TC-E). In this study, we investigated whether TC-E regulated inflammatory responses. Nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated by the Griess assay and the inflammatory gene expression was determined by conducting RT-PCR. Western blot analyzing was carried out for inflammatory signaling exploration. TC-E dramatically reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production and the expression of inflammatory genes (inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6) as determined using RT-PCR. TC-E downregulated the nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB subunits p65 and p50 and the activator protein (AP)-1 transcriptional factor c-Jun. Additionally, TC-E directly regulated c-Jun gene expression following LPS treatment. In NF-κB signaling, the activation of IκBα and Src was attenuated by TC-E. Taken together, these data show that TC-E modulates the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AP-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways and could possibly be further developed as an anti-inflammatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.K.); (J.J.); (K.Y.)
| | - Jiwon Jang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.K.); (J.J.); (K.Y.)
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Proteomic Analysis Team, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
| | - Keejung Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.K.); (J.J.); (K.Y.)
| | - Byong Chul Yoo
- Division of Translational Science, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.C.Y.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-920-2342 (B.C.Y.); +82-31-290-7876 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (E.K.); (J.J.); (K.Y.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.Y.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-920-2342 (B.C.Y.); +82-31-290-7876 (J.Y.C.)
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31
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Jin Z, Li J, Pi J, Chu Q, Wei W, Du Z, Qing L, Zhao X, Wu W. Geniposide alleviates atherosclerosis by regulating macrophage polarization via the FOS/MAPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110015. [PMID: 32187958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess geniposide's effects in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis and to explore the underpinning mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aorta histological changes were evaluated by intravenous ultrasound (IVUS) and H&E staining. Lipid accumulation in the aortic was quantified by Oil Red O staining. Then, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was carried out for detecting differentially expressed genes in rabbit high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. The levels of the cytokines CRP, IL-1β and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. Protein levels of iNOS and Arg-1 were assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression levels of NR4A1, CD14, FOS, IL1A, iNOS and Arg-1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Geniposide markedly reduced the degree of atherosclerotic lesions in aorta tissues. RNA-seq and qPCR demonstrated that NR4A1, CD14, FOS and IL1A mRNA amounts were overtly increased in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. Moreover, geniposide reduced iNOS (M1 phenotype) mRNA and protein amounts as well as IL-1β secretion, which were enhanced in New Zealand rabbits with high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. Besides, Arg-1 (M2 phenotype) mRNA and protein amounts were significantly increased after geniposide treatment, as well as IL-10 secretion. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that geniposide could inhibit the progression of and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization and promoting M2 polarization through the FOS/MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Junlong Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jianbin Pi
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qingmin Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Weichao Wei
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Zhiyi Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lijin Qing
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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32
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Chen M, Li Q, Cao N, Deng Y, Li L, Zhao Q, Wu M, Ye M. Profiling of histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation reveals its role in a chronic DSS-induced colitis mouse model. Mol Omics 2020; 15:296-307. [PMID: 31147658 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. In current dogma, pathogenesis of IBD is attributed to the dysregulated mucosal immune response to gut flora in genetically susceptible individuals, but the genetics evidence from GWAS studies so far is insufficient to explain the observed heritability in IBD. For this discordance, epigenetics has emerged to be one of the important causes. Recent studies have reported that histone acetylation is correlated with the development of IBD, whereas its role and underlying molecular mechanism in the disease still remain elusive. Here, we established a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis model and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation followed by NGS sequencing (ChIP-seq) for H3K27ac in the mice colon tissues to investigate whether H3K27ac is involved in the development of intestinal inflammation. We found that the global H3K27ac level and distribution in colon tissue had no significant difference after DSS treatment, while H3K27ac signals were significantly enriched in the typical-enhancers of the DSS group compared with the control. By combining with RNA-seq data (fold change >2), we identified 56 candidate genes as potential target genes for H3K27ac change upon DSS treatment. We further predicted transcription factors (TFs) involved in DSS-induced colitis according to the enhancers with increased H3K27ac. H3K27ac increase in special typical-enhancers in the DSS group is possibly related to the development of intestinal inflammation by up-regulating adjacent gene expression and shifting TF networks, which will provide new insight into the pathogenesis and therapy of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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Yamamoto S, Kawano F, Yokoyama H, Kobayashi S. Effects of Kudoa septempunctata infections in a human intestinal epithelial model (Caco-2): a DNA microarray study. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1030-1038. [PMID: 31906820 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1709791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Kudoa septempunctata, a myxosporean parasite infecting the trunk muscles of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), is reported to cause food poisoning in humans. The molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of K. septempunctata spores remain largely unknown. In the present study, we examine the molecular basis of such toxicity using DNA microarray analysis of K. septempunctata-inoculated human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). We observed that the transepithelial resistance of the K. septempunctata-inoculated Caco-2 cell monolayers decreased markedly. DNA microarray analysis revealed that the mRNA expression profiles of control and inoculated cells clearly differed. Inflammatory and bacteria-related pathways, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and MAPK/NF-kappa B pathway, were enriched. The concentrations of IL-8 and serotonin (5-HT) were higher in inoculated cells than in controls. K. septempunctata invasion damages the human intestinal epithelium, causing increased production of IL-8 and 5-HT, which likely results in the vomiting associated with K. septempunctata invasion.Abbreviations: AP-1: activator protein 1; DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery; ENS: enteric nervous system; FARMS: Factor Analysis for Robust Microarray Summarization; FDR: false discovery rate; GO: Gene Ontology; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; IL-8: Interleukin-8; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; K. septempunctata: Kudoa septempunctata; NF-kappa B: nuclear factor-kappa B; TJ: tight junction; TER: transepithelial electrical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yamamoto
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Kawano
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokoyama
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Kobayashi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Guo S, Zhou W, Wu J, Liu X, Meng Z, Tian J, Liu S, Ni M, Zhang J, Jia S, Li Y, Zhang X. Network pharmacology-based study on the mechanism of “Jiu Wei Zhu Huang San” in respiratory tract infections treatment. Eur J Integr Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lim HJ, Jang HJ, Kim MH, Lee S, Lee SW, Lee SJ, Rho MC. Oleanolic Acid Acetate Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Activity via IKKα/β Suppression in TLR3-Mediated NF-κB Activation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24214002. [PMID: 31694243 PMCID: PMC6866124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24214002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid acetate (OAA), a major triterpenoid compound of Vigna angularis (azuki bean, V. angularis), has been shown to downregulate inflammatory responses in macrophages. Here, we show the molecular basis for the effect of OAA on Toll-like receptor (TLR) downstream signaling. OAA treatment significantly inhibited the secretion of embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) induced by polyinosinic acid (poly(I), TLR3 ligand) in a dose-dependent manner and without cytotoxicity in THP1-XBlue cells. In addition, OAA downregulated the gene expression of poly(I) induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines genes such as MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-8, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Furthermore, we found that the inhibition activity of OAA was accompanied by decreased activation of not only nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling but also mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling upon stimulation with the TLR3 agonist. Interestingly, the interaction of OAA with IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β) strongly attenuated the production of certain proteins and inflammatory cytokines in the TLR3 signaling pathway, such as nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IkBα), extracellular regulated kinases (ERK), and p38, in an in vitro model. The action of OAA was regulated by TLR3, demonstrating that TLR3 plays a critical role in mediating the physiologically-relevant anti-inflammatory action of OAA and that the interaction with IKKα/β is modulated through TLR3. These results reveal new insight into the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the downstream TLR3 signaling pathway and consequent inflammatory responses that are involved in the development and progression of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jin Lim
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.H.K.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea;
| | - Mi Hwa Kim
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.H.K.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.H.K.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.H.K.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.H.K.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.L.); (M.-C.R.); Tel.: +82-63-570-5267 (S.-J.L.); +82-63-570-5230 (M.-C.R.)
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Immunoregulatory Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.H.K.); (S.L.); (S.W.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-J.L.); (M.-C.R.); Tel.: +82-63-570-5267 (S.-J.L.); +82-63-570-5230 (M.-C.R.)
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Lee KJ, Ko YJ, Kang SK, Kim WS, Cho CS, Choi YJ. Additive anti-inflammation by a combination of conjugated linoleic acid and α-lipoic acid through molecular interaction between both compounds. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 29:419-429. [PMID: 32257526 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha lipoic acid (LA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have been well-documented on a variety of functional effects in health foods. The main purpose of this study was focused on the additive anti-inflammatory activity of the combination of LA and CLA in vitro. Raw 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide were treated with LA and CLA individually or in combination at a variety of concentration ranges. Co-treating 25 μM of LA and 25 μM of CLA significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the same concentration of single LA- or CLA-treated group. The molecular mechanism of anti-inflammation by a combination of these compounds was attributed to extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Also, the molecular interaction between both compounds was confirmed by NMR. Our findings suggested that the combination of CLA and LA showed potential additive effect on anti-inflammation through the molecular interaction of both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-June Lee
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- 2National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- 3Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Whee-Soo Kim
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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Kuo YH, Yeh YT, Pan SY, Hsieh SC. Identification and Structural Elucidation of Anti-Inflammatory Compounds from Chinese Olive ( Canarium Album L.) Fruit Extracts. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100441. [PMID: 31561441 PMCID: PMC6836117 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese olive (Canarium album L.), a rich source of polyphenols, can be used as a functional food ingredient. We previously showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of this extract (CO-EtOAc) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, here, we aimed to screen the bioactive fractions extracted from CO-EtOAc using different isolation techniques, and purify the bioactive compounds based on their cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory abilities. CO-EtOAc was fractionated using silica gel and Sephadex column chromatography, and the active compounds were isolated and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the resulting compounds were identified using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Activity-directed fractionation and purification were used to identify the following active compounds with anti-inflammatory effects using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophages: sitoindoside I, amentoflavone, tetrahydroamentoflavone and protocatechuic acid. For the first time, sitoindoside I and tetrahydroamentoflavone were isolated from Chinese olive, and the anti-inflammatory compounds of CO-EtOAc were identified, suggesting its potential for used as a health food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Te Yeh
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University; Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Sih-Ying Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University; Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University; Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Zheng N, Zhang L, Wang B, Wang G, Liu J, Miao G, Zhao X, Liu C, Zhang L. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection promotes vascular smooth muscle cell migration via c-Fos/interleukin-17C signaling. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:151340. [PMID: 31494039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection is associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) from the media to the intima is a key event in the development of atherosclerosis. Interleukin-17C (IL-17C) could enhance cell migration ability. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of IL-17C in C. pneumoniae infection-promoted VSMC migration, thereby possibly accelerating atherosclerosis. We firstly demonstrated that C. pneumoniae infection significantly increased IL-17C expression in VSMCs in the atherosclerotic lesion area from ApoE deficient mice. Our in vitro study further showed that IL-17C is required for C. pneumoniae infection-promoted VSMC migration, and its expression could be regulated by c-Fos through phosphorylating extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Unexpectedly, in the present study, we also found that IL-17C is critical for C. pneumoniae infection-induced c-Fos activation. c-Fos expression and activation induced by the exposure to recombinant IL-17C were markedly suppressed in the presence of the ERK inhibitor PD98059. These results suggest a possible positive feedback between c-Fos and IL-17C after C. pneumoniae infection. Taken together, our results indicate that C. pneumoniae infection promotes VSMC migration via c-Fos/IL-17C signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jingya Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Guolin Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Changle Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Wei CJ, Li YL, Zhu ZL, Jia DM, Fan ML, Li T, Wang XJ, Li ZG, Ma HS. Inhibition of activator protein 1 attenuates neuroinflammation and brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1182-1188. [PMID: 31392841 PMCID: PMC6776742 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating type of stroke without specific treatment. Activator protein 1 (AP‐1), as a gene regulator, initiates cytokine expression in response to environmental stimuli. In this study, we investigated the relationship between AP‐1 and neuroinflammation‐associated brain injury triggered by ICH. Methods Intracerebral hemorrhage mice were developed by autologous blood or collagenase infusion. We measured the dynamics of AP‐1 in mouse brain tissues during neuroinflammation formation after ICH. The effects of the AP‐1 inhibitor SR11302 on brain injury and neuroinflammation as well as the underlying mechanisms were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Results AP‐1 was significantly upregulated in mouse brain tissue as early as 6 hours after ICH, accompanied by elevations in proinflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Inhibition of AP‐1 using SR11302 reduced neurodeficits and brain edema at day 3 after ICH. SR11302 ablated microglial IL‐6 and TNF‐α production and brain‐infiltrating leukocytes in ICH mice. In addition, SR11302 treatment diminished thrombin‐induced production of IL‐6 and TNF‐α in cultured microglia. Conclusions Inhibition of AP‐1 curbs neuroinflammation and reduces brain injury following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Juan Wei
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Center for Neuroinflammation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Long Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Mei Jia
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mo-Li Fan
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Wang
- Center for Neurological Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Shan Ma
- Center for Neurological Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Datong, Datong, China
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Zhang L, Virgous C, Si H. Synergistic anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of combined phytochemicals. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 69:19-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Caffeic Acid Prevented LPS-Induced Injury of Primary Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through Inhibiting NF- κB and MAPK Activation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1897820. [PMID: 31182930 PMCID: PMC6515104 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1897820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly reduced the cell viability of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) leading to cell apoptosis, which were prevented by caffeic acid (CA) through inhibiting NF-κB activation and reducing proinflammatory cytokine expression. While the underlying mechanism remains unclear, here, we determined that LPS induced the extensive microstructural damage of bMEC, especially the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Then, the obvious reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and expression changes of apoptosis-associated proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and casepase-3) indicated that apoptosis signaling through the mitochondria should be responsible for the cell viability decrease. Next, the high-throughput cDNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were employed to verify that the MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways also were the principal targets of LPS. Following, the critical proteins (ERK, JNK, p38, and c-jun) of the MAPK signaling pathways were activated, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) regulated by NF-κB and MAPKs was significantly increased, which can promote a cascade of inflammation that induces cell injury and apoptosis. Meanwhile, CA significantly inhibited the activation of MAPKs and the release of proinflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner, which were similar to its effects on the NF-κB activation that we previously published. So we concluded that CA regulates the proteins located in the upstream of multiple cell signal pathways which can reduce the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs, thus weakening the inflammatory response and maintaining cell structure and function, which accordingly inhibit apoptosis.
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Nayak TK, Mamidi P, Sahoo SS, Kumar PS, Mahish C, Chatterjee S, Subudhi BB, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S. P38 and JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Interact With Chikungunya Virus Non-structural Protein-2 and Regulate TNF Induction During Viral Infection in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:786. [PMID: 31031770 PMCID: PMC6473476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne Alphavirus, is endemic in different parts of the globe. The host macrophages are identified as the major cellular reservoirs of CHIKV during infection and this virus triggers robust TNF production in the host macrophages, which might be a key mediator of virus induced inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism underneath TNF induction is not understood yet. Accordingly, the Raw264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, were infected with CHIKV to address the above-mentioned question. It was observed that CHIKV induces both p38 and JNK phosphorylation in macrophages in a time-dependent manner and p-p38 inhibitor, SB203580 is effective in reducing infection even at lower concentration as compared to the p-JNK inhibitor, SP600125. However, inhibition of p-p38 and p-JNK decreased CHIKV induced TNF production in the host macrophages. Moreover, CHIKV induced macrophage derived TNF was found to facilitate TCR driven T cell activation. Additionally, it was noticed that the expressions of key transcription factors involved mainly in antiviral responses (p-IRF3) and TNF production (p-c-jun) were induced significantly in the CHIKV infected macrophages as compared to the corresponding mock cells. Further, it was demonstrated that CHIKV mediated TNF production in the macrophages is dependent on p38 and JNK MAPK pathways linking p-c-jun transcription factor. Interestingly, it was found that CHIKV nsP2 interacts with both p-p38 and p-JNK MAPKs in the macrophages. This observation was supported by the in silico protein-protein docking analysis which illustrates the specific amino acids responsible for the nsP2-MAPKs interactions. A strong polar interaction was predicted between Thr-180 (within the phosphorylation lip) of p38 and Gln-273 of nsP2, whereas, no such polar interaction was predicted for the phosphorylation lip of JNK which indicates the differential roles of p-p38 and p-JNK during CHIKV infection in the host macrophages. In summary, for the first time it has been shown that CHIKV triggers robust TNF production in the host macrophages via both p-p38 and p-JNK/p-c-jun pathways and the interaction of viral protein, nsP2 with these MAPKs during infection. Hence, this information might shed light in rationale-based drug designing strategies toward a possible control measure of CHIKV infection in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prabhudutta Mamidi
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhransu Sekhar Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - P Sanjai Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chandan Mahish
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Bharat Bhusan Subudhi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, India
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Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Alpagot T, Zhu Y, Lee SS, Roberts BP, Hung SC, Tang N, Ojcius DM. Chlamydia pneumoniae is present in the dental plaque of periodontitis patients and stimulates an inflammatory response in gingival epithelial cells. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:197-208. [PMID: 30956972 PMCID: PMC6444558 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.04.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia pneumoniae is an airborne, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium which causes human respiratory infections and has been associated with atherosclerosis. Because individuals with periodontitis are at greater risk for atherosclerosis as well as respiratory infections, we in-vestigated the role of C. pneumoniae in inflammation and periodontal dis-ease. We found that C. pneumoniae was more frequently found in subgingival dental plaque obtained from periodontally diseased sites of the mouth versus healthy sites. The known periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, were also found in the plaque. In addition, C. pneumoniae could efficiently invade human gingival epithelial cells (GECs) in vitro, causing translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus along with increased secretion of mature IL-1β cytokine. Supernatants collected from C. pneumoniae-infected GECs showed increased activation of caspase-1 protein, which was significantly reduced when nlrp3 gene expression was silenced using shRNA lentiviral vectors. Our results demonstrate that C. pneumoniae was found in higher levels in periodontitis patients compared to control pa-tients. Additionally, C. pneumoniae could infect GECs, leading to inflammation caused by activation of NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. We propose that the presence of C. pneumoniae in subgingival dental plaque may contribute to periodontal disease and could be used as a potential risk indicator of perio-dontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamer Alpagot
- Department of Periodontics, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Sonho Sierra Lee
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Program of Doctor of Dental Surgery, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Brian P Roberts
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shu-Chen Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Norina Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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Al-Atrache Z, Lopez DB, Hingley ST, Appelt DM. Astrocytes infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae demonstrate altered expression and activity of secretases involved in the generation of β-amyloid found in Alzheimer disease. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:6. [PMID: 30786875 PMCID: PMC6383264 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies strongly suggest that the pathophysiology of late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) versus early-onset AD has environmental rather than genetic causes, thus revealing potentially novel therapeutic targets to limit disease progression. Several studies supporting the “pathogen hypothesis” of AD demonstrate a strong association between pathogens and the production of β-amyloid, the pathologic hallmark of AD. Although the mechanism of pathogen-induced neurodegeneration of AD remains unclear, astrocytes, a key player of the CNS innate immune response and producer/metabolizer of β-amyloid, have been implicated. We hypothesized that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human astrocytes alters the expression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP)-processing secretases, ADAM10, BACE1, and PSEN1, to promote β-amyloid formation. Utilizing immunofluorescent microscopy, molecular, and biochemical approaches, these studies explore the role of an intracellular respiratory pathogen, Chlamydia pneumoniae, as an environmental trigger for AD pathology. Human astrocytoma cells in vitro were infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae over the course of 6–72 h. The gene and protein expression, as well as the enzymatic activity of non-amyloidogenic (ADAM10), and pro-amyloidogenic (BACE1 and PSEN1) secretases were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. In addition, the formation of toxic amyloid products as an outcome of pro-amyloidogenic APP processing was evaluated through various modalities. Results Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human astrocytoma cells promoted the transcriptional upregulation of numerous genes implicated in host neuroinflammation, lipid homeostasis, microtubule function, and APP processing. Relative to that of uninfected astrocytes, BACE1 and PSEN1 protein levels were enhanced by nearly twofold at 48–72 h post-Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. The processing of APP in Chlamydia pneumoniae-infected astrocytes favors the pro-amyloidogenic pathway, as demonstrated by an increase in enzymatic activity of BACE1, while that of ADAM10 was decreased. Fluorescence intensity of β-amyloid and ELISA-quantified levels of soluble-APP by products revealed temporally similar increases, confirming a BACE1/PSEN1-mediated processing of APP. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human astrocytes promotes the pro-amyloidogenic pathway of APP processing through the upregulation of expression and activity of β-secretase, upregulated expression of γ-secretase, and decreased activity of α-secretase. These effects of astrocyte infection provide evidence for a direct link between Chlamydia pneumoniae and AD pathology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12868-019-0489-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zein Al-Atrache
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Danielle B Lopez
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Susan T Hingley
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Denah M Appelt
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA.
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45
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ESCCAR international congress on Rickettsiae and other intracellular bacteria. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:392-400. [PMID: 30315955 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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46
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Gupta M, Kaur G. Withania somnifera as a Potential Anxiolytic and Anti-inflammatory Candidate Against Systemic Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:343-362. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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47
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Bai F, Liu K, Li H, Wang J, Zhu J, Hao P, Zhu L, Zhang S, Shan L, Ma W, Bode AM, Zhang W, Li H, Dong Z. Veratramine modulates AP-1-dependent gene transcription by directly binding to programmable DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:546-557. [PMID: 29237043 PMCID: PMC5778533 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) regulates a variety of protein-encoding genes, it is a participant in many cellular functions, including proliferation, transformation, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and apoptosis. Inhibitors targeting AP-1 have potential use in the treatment of cancer and other inflammatory diseases. Here, we identify veratramine as a potent natural modulator of AP-1, which selectively binds to a specific site (TRE 5'-TGACTCA-3') of the AP-1 target DNA sequence and regulates AP-1-dependent gene transcription without interfering with cystosolic signaling cascades that might lead to AP-1 activation. Moreover, RNA-seq experiments demonstrate that veratramine does not act on the Hedgehog signaling pathway in contrast to its analogue, cyclopamine, and likely does not harbor the same teratogenicity and toxicity. Additionally, veratramine effectively suppresses EGF-induced AP-1 transactivation and transformation of JB6 P+ cells. Finally, we demonstrate that veratramine inhibits solar-ultraviolet-induced AP-1 activation in mice. The identification of veratramine and new findings in its specific regulation of AP-1 down stream genes pave ways to discovering and designing regulators to regulate transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bai
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental, and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127 Dongmin Road, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Huiliang Li
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Junsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127 Dongmin Road, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Pei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shoude Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weiya Ma
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Honglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127 Dongmin Road, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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Choi S, Park H, Jung S, Kim EK, Cho ML, Min JK, Moon SJ, Lee SM, Cho JH, Lee DH, Nam JH. Therapeutic Effect of Exogenous Truncated IK Protein in Inflammatory Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1976. [PMID: 28906466 PMCID: PMC5618625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor K562 (IK) protein was first isolated from the culture medium of K562, a leukemia cell line. It is known to be an inhibitory regulator of interferon-γ-induced major histocompatibility complex class (MHC) II expression. Previously, we found that transgenic (Tg) mice constitutively expressing truncated IK (tIK) showed reduced numbers of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells, which are known to be involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we investigated whether exogenous tIK protein has a therapeutic effect in arthritis in disease models and analyzed its mechanism. Exogenous tIK protein was produced in an insect expression system and applied to the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse disease model. Injection of tIK protein alleviated the symptoms of arthritis in the CAIA model and reduced Th1 and Th17 cell populations. In addition, treatment of cultured T cells with tIK protein induced expression of A20, a negative regulator of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB)-induced inflammation, and reduced expression of several transcription factors related to T cell activation. We conclude that exogenous tIK protein has the potential to act as a new therapeutic agent for RA patients, because it has a different mode of action to biopharmaceutical agents, such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists, that are currently used to treat RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
| | - HyeLim Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
| | - SeoYeon Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Jun-Ki Min
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Jang-Hee Cho
- Biomaterials Research Center, Cellinbio, Suwon 16680, Korea.
| | - Dong-Hee Lee
- Biomaterials Research Center, Cellinbio, Suwon 16680, Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
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Pastore N, Attanasio S, Granese B, Castello R, Teckman J, Wilson AA, Ballabio A, Brunetti‐Pierri N. Activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway aggravates proteotoxicity of hepatic mutant Z alpha1-antitrypsin. Hepatology 2017; 65:1865-1874. [PMID: 28073160 PMCID: PMC5485069 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disease that can affect both the lung and the liver. The vast majority of patients harbor a mutation in the serine protease inhibitor 1A (SERPINA1) gene leading to a single amino acid substitution that results in an unfolded protein that is prone to polymerization. Alpha1-antitrypsin defciency-related liver disease is therefore caused by a gain-of-function mechanism due to accumulation of the mutant Z alpha1-antitrypsin (ATZ) and is a key example of an disease mechanism induced by protein toxicity. Intracellular retention of ATZ triggers a complex injury cascade including apoptosis and other mechanisms, although several aspects of the disease pathogenesis are still unclear. We show that ATZ induces activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun and that genetic ablation of JNK1 or JNK2 decreased ATZ levels in vivo by reducing c-Jun-mediated SERPINA1 gene expression. JNK activation was confirmed in livers of patients homozygous for the Z allele, with severe liver disease requiring hepatic transplantation. Treatment of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell-hepatic cells with a JNK inhibitor reduced accumulation of ATZ. CONCLUSION These data reveal that JNK is a key pathway in the disease pathogenesis and add new therapeutic entry points for liver disease caused by ATZ. (Hepatology 2017;65:1865-1874).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Pastore
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliNaplesItaly,Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTX
| | | | - Barbara Granese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliNaplesItaly,Department of Translational MedicineFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | | | - Jeffrey Teckman
- Department of PediatricsSaint Louis University School of Medicine, Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Andrew A. Wilson
- Boston University Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical CenterBostonMA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliNaplesItaly,Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTX,Department of Translational MedicineFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Nicola Brunetti‐Pierri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliNaplesItaly,Department of Translational MedicineFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
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50
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The systematic analysis of coding and long non-coding RNAs in the sub-chronic and chronic stages of spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41008. [PMID: 28106101 PMCID: PMC5247719 DOI: 10.1038/srep41008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one of the most debilitating neurological disorders and the majority of SCI patients are in the chronic phase. Previous studies of SCI have usually focused on few genes and pathways at a time. In particular, the biological roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have never been characterized in SCI. Our study is the first to comprehensively investigate alterations in the expression of both coding and long non-coding genes in the sub-chronic and chronic stages of SCI using RNA-Sequencing. Through pathway analysis and network construction, the functions of differentially expressed genes were analyzed systematically. Furthermore, we predicted the potential regulatory function of non-coding transcripts, revealed enriched motifs of transcription factors in the upstream regulatory regions of differentially expressed lncRNAs, and identified differentially expressed lncRNAs homologous to human genomic regions which contain single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with diseases. Overall, these results revealed critical pathways and networks that exhibit sustained alterations at the sub-chronic and chronic stages of SCI, highlighting the temporal regulation of pathological processes including astrogliosis. This study also provided an unprecedented resource and a new catalogue of lncRNAs potentially involved in the regulation and progression of SCI.
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