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Yılmaz E, Baltaci SB, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. The impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic process in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults: a narrative review. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:1025-1041. [PMID: 38151886 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2296165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide with more than half of survivors living with serious neurological sequelae thus, it has recently attracted considerable attention in the field of medical research. Neurogenesis is the process of formation of new neurons in the brain, including the human brain, from neural stem/progenitor cells [NS/PCs] which reside in neurogenic niches that contain the necessary substances for NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons which can integrate into a pre-existing neural network.Neurogenesis can be modulated by many exogenous and endogenous factors, pathological conditions. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and flavonoids can modulate the neurogenic process in physiological conditions and after various pathological conditions including ischemic insults. AIM This review aims to discuss neurogenesis after ischemic insults and to determine the role of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions with a concentration on ischemic insults to the brain in particular. METHOD Relevant articles assessing the impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic processes in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults within the timeline of 1965 until 2023 were searched using the PubMed database. CONCLUSIONS The selected studies have shown that ischemic insults to the brain induce NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons integrating into a pre-existing neural network. Flavonoids and BDNF can modulate neurogenesis in the brain in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults. In conclusion, flavonoids and BDNF may be involved in post-ischemic brain repair processes through enhancing endogenous neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yılmaz
- Selcuk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
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Wu T, Dong H, Liu Y, Cao Z, Sun L. Combination of UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanism of Chaihu-jia-Longgu-Muli decoction for treating vertigo with anxiety disorder. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5881. [PMID: 38763770 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Chaihu-jia-Longgu-Muli decoction (CLMD) has been proven clinically effective in treating vertigo with anxiety disorder. However, the mechanism is not clear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of CLMD in treating vertigo with anxiety disorder based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and network pharmacology. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was performed to identify the compounds in blood and the targets of compounds of CLMD in vertigo and anxiety were searched using databases. A protein-protein interaction network was built to screen the core targets. The core targets were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. In addition, the vertigo with anxiety rat model was used to verify the results. A total of 22 compounds were absorbed into the blood. Eighty-one potential targets associated with CLMD for vertigo with anxiety disorder were identified through network pharmacological analysis. Subsequently, GO and KEGG analysis showed that CLMD treatment for vertigo with anxiety disorder is associated with neurotransmitter levels and other pertinent physiological processes. The results of the animal experiments showed that CLMD decreased the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, alleviating the symptoms of vertigo and anxiety disorder in model rats. The study revealed CLMD could alleviate vertigo and anxiety symptoms through reducing the levels of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hanshuo Dong
- Dizziness Clinic, Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Dizziness Clinic, Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenghua Cao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li Sun
- Dizziness Clinic, Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Yilmaz E, Acar G, Onal U, Erdogan E, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R. Effect of 2-Week Naringin Supplementation on Neurogenesis and BDNF Levels in Ischemia-Reperfusion Model of Rats. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:4. [PMID: 38457013 PMCID: PMC10924031 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide with more than half of survivors living with serious neurological sequelae; thus, it has recently attracted a lot of attention in the field of medical study. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of naringin supplementation on neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain in experimental brain ischemia-reperfusion. STUDY DESIGN The research was carried out on 40 male Wistar-type rats (10-12 weeks old) obtained from the Experimental Animals Research and Application Center of Selçuk University. Experimental groups were as follows: (1) Control group, (2) Sham group, (3) Brain ischemia-reperfusion group, (4) Brain ischemia-reperfusion + vehicle group (administered for 14 days), and (5) Brain ischemia-reperfusion + Naringin group (100 mg/kg/day administered for 14 days). METHODS In the ischemia-reperfusion groups, global ischemia was performed in the brain by ligation of the right and left carotid arteries for 30 min. Naringin was administered to experimental animals by intragastric route for 14 days following reperfusion. The training phase of the rotarod test was started 4 days before ischemia-reperfusion, and the test phase together with neurological scoring was performed the day before and 1, 7, and 14 days after the operation. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed, and then hippocampus and frontal cortex tissues were taken from the brain. Double cortin marker (DCX), neuronal nuclear antigen marker (NeuN), and BDNF were evaluated in hippocampus and frontal cortex tissues by Real-Time qPCR analysis and immunohistochemistry methods. RESULTS While ischemia-reperfusion increased the neurological score values, DCX, NeuN, and BDNF levels decreased significantly after ischemia in the hippocampus and frontal cortex tissues. However, naringin supplementation restored the deterioration to a certain extent. CONCLUSION The results of the study show that 2 weeks of naringin supplementation may have protective effects on impaired neurogenesis and BDNF levels after brain ischemia and reperfusion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Physiology, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gozde Acar
- Department of Medical Physiology, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ummugulsum Onal
- Department of Histology, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ender Erdogan
- Department of Histology, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Department of Medical Physiology, Selcuk University, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
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Zhou J, Sun F, Zhang W, Feng Z, Yang Y, Mei Z. Novel insight into the therapeutical potential of flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1352760. [PMID: 38487170 PMCID: PMC10937431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1352760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major contributor to poor prognosis of ischemic stroke. Flavonoids are a broad family of plant polyphenols which are abundant in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and have beneficial effects on several diseases including ischemic stroke. Accumulating studies have indicated that flavonoids derived from herbal TCM are effective in alleviating CIRI after ischemic stroke in vitro or in vivo, and exhibit favourable therapeutical potential. Herein, we systematically review the classification, metabolic absorption, neuroprotective efficacy, and mechanisms of TCM flavonoids against CIRI. The literature suggest that flavonoids exert potential medicinal functions including suppressing excitotoxicity, Ca2+ overloading, oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombin's cellular toxicity, different types of programmed cell deaths, and protecting the blood-brain barrier, as well as promoting neurogenesis in the recovery stage following ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we identified certain matters that should be taken into account in future research, as well as proposed difficulties and opportunities in transforming TCM-derived flavonoids into medications or functional foods for the treatment or prevention of CIRI. Overall, in this review we aim to provide novel ideas for the identification of new prospective medication candidates for the therapeutic strategy against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feiyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Oracz J, Kowalski S, Żyżelewicz D, Kowalska G, Gumul D, Kulbat-Warycha K, Rosicka-Kaczmarek J, Brzozowska A, Grzegorczyk A, Areczuk A. The Influence of Microwave-Assisted Extraction on the Phenolic Compound Profile and Biological Activities of Extracts from Selected Scutellaria Species. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093877. [PMID: 37175287 PMCID: PMC10180449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions (microwave power, extraction time, and ethanol concentration) on the efficiency of the extraction of phenolic compounds from selected plant species belonging to the genus Scutellaria (i.e., Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria lateriflora). The extracts from selected Scutellaria species were examined to establish the total phenolic content and the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory assay. The phenolic profile of the extracts was characterized using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD/ESI-HRMS/MS). Depending on the type of solvent and the extraction conditions used, the extracts obtained from selected Scutellaria species showed different total and individual phenolic content, as well as different antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The results showed that all Scutellaria extracts had high total phenolic content and exhibited strong ferric ion reducing power and free radical scavenging capacity and a significant ability to inhibit the LOX activity. In general, the 70% ethanol extracts contained more phenolic compounds, mainly flavones, flavanones, and their derivatives, and showed greater in vitro biological activity than other extracts. The highest levels of phenolic compounds and the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential were found in extracts from the roots of S. baicalensis. Optimal extraction conditions for all the plant materials tested were determined as the microwave power of 63 W, extraction time of 10 min, and 70% ethanol as the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Oracz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 2/22 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kowalski
- Department of Carbohydrate Technology and Cereal Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Żyżelewicz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 2/22 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Gabriela Kowalska
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 2/22 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Gumul
- Department of Carbohydrate Technology and Cereal Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Kulbat-Warycha
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 2/22 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 2/22 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Brzozowska
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 2/22 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Grzegorczyk
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 2/22 Stefanowskiego Street, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Areczuk
- Department of Carbohydrate Technology and Cereal Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka Str. 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
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Jadhav R, Kulkarni YA. Effects of baicalein with memantine on aluminium chloride-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1034620. [PMID: 36909151 PMCID: PMC9992210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1034620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition. It is one of the most common 28 forms of dementia accounting for 60-80% of people suffering from dementia. There are very few medications that are approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Baicalein, belonging to the flavone subclass of flavonoids, has been reported to have a neuroprotective effect by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, inhibiting the AChE enzyme, and reducing amyloid protein aggregation and toxicity. Memantine is one of the most important drugs used for treating Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of baicalein with memantine on aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. Aluminum chloride (100 mg/kg p.o.) was administered for 42 days in male Wistar rats to induce neurotoxicity. Baicalein alone (10 mg/kg) and a combination of baicalein (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) with memantine (20 mg/kg) were administered for 42 days. Treatment of baicalein with memantine showed significant improvement in behavioral parameters. The combination reduced oxidative stress and the formation of β-Amyloid plaques and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Based on findings, it can be concluded that treatment with baicalein and memantine may slow the progression of neurodegeneration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnakar Jadhav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai, India
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Zhang C, Xue P, Zhang H, Tan C, Zhao S, Li X, Sun L, Zheng H, Wang J, Zhang B, Lang W. Gut brain interaction theory reveals gut microbiota mediated neurogenesis and traditional Chinese medicine research strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1072341. [PMID: 36569198 PMCID: PMC9772886 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1072341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the process of differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons and glial cells in certain areas of the adult brain. Defects in neurogenesis can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, mental disorders, and other maladies. This process is directionally regulated by transcription factors, the Wnt and Notch pathway, the extracellular matrix, and various growth factors. External factors like stress, physical exercise, diet, medications, etc., affect neurogenesis and the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota may affect NSCs through vagal, immune and chemical pathways, and other pathways. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proven to affect NSCs proliferation and differentiation and can regulate the abundance and metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these factors regulate neurogenesis through the gut microbiota are not fully understood. In this review, we describe the recent evidence on the role of the gut microbiota in neurogenesis. Moreover, we hypothesize on the characteristics of the microbiota-gut-brain axis based on bacterial phyla, including microbiota's metabolites, and neuronal and immune pathways while providing an outlook on TCM's potential effects on adult neurogenesis by regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chenxi Tan
- Department of Infection Control, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shiyao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lihui Sun
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Huihui Zheng
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Academic Affairs Office, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Baoling Zhang
- Department of Operating Room, Qiqihar First Hospital, Qiqihar, China
| | - Weiya Lang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China,*Correspondence: Weiya Lang,
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Iwata K, Ferdousi F, Arai Y, Isoda H. Interactions between Major Bioactive Polyphenols of Sugarcane Top: Effects on Human Neural Stem Cell Differentiation and Astrocytic Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315120. [PMID: 36499441 PMCID: PMC9738893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a tropical plant grown for sugar production. We recently showed that sugarcane top (ST) ameliorates cognitive decline in a mouse model of accelerated aging via promoting neuronal differentiation and neuronal energy metabolism and extending the length of the astrocytic process in vitro. Since the crude extract consists of multicomponent mixtures, it is crucial to identify bioactive compounds of interest and the affected molecular targets. In the present study, we investigated the bioactivities of major polyphenols of ST, namely 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3CQA), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5CQA), 3-O-feruloylquinic acid (3FQA), and Isoorientin (ISO), in human fetal neural stem cells (hNSCs)- an in vitro model system for studying neural development. We found that multiple polyphenols of ST contributed synergistically to stimulate neuronal differentiation of hNSCs and induce mitochondrial activity in immature astrocytes. Mono-CQAs (3CQA and 5CQA) regulated the expression of cyclins related to G1 cell cycle arrest, whereas ISO regulated basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors related to cell fate determination. Additionally, mono-CQAs activated p38 and ISO inactivated GSK3β. In hNSC-derived immature astrocytes, the compounds upregulated mRNA expression of PGC-1α, a master regulator of astrocytic mitochondrial biogenesis. Altogether, our findings suggest that synergistic interactions between major polyphenols of ST contribute to its potential for neuronal differentiation and astrocytic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Iwata
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Nipoo Co., Ltd., Osaka 574-0062, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- AIST—University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- AIST—University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-5775
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Wei Q, Hao X, Lau BWM, Wang S, Li Y. Baicalin regulates stem cells as a creative point in the treatment of climacteric syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986436. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractThis review summarizes the regulatory role of Baicalin on the diverse behaviors of distinct stem cell populations and emphasizes the potential applications of Baicalin and stem cell therapy in climacteric syndrome.
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Li C, Cui Z, Deng S, Chen P, Li X, Yang H. The potential of plant extracts in cell therapy. STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY 2022; 13:472. [PMID: 36104798 PMCID: PMC9476258 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapy is the frontier technology of biotechnology innovation and the most promising method for the treatment of refractory diseases such as tumours. However, cell therapy has disadvantages, such as toxicity and poor therapeutic effects. Plant extracts are natural, widely available, and contain active small molecule ingredients that are widely used in the treatment of various diseases. By studying the effect of plant extracts on cell therapy, active plant extracts that have positive significance in cell therapy can be discovered, and certain contributions to solving the current problems of attenuation and adjuvant therapy in cell therapy can be made. Therefore, this article reviews the currently reported effects of plant extracts in stem cell therapy and immune cell therapy, especially the effects of plant extracts on the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and nerve stem cells and the potential role of plant extracts in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) and T-cell receptor modified T-cell immunotherapy (TCR-T), in the hope of encouraging further research and clinical application of plant extracts in cell therapy.
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Madhav H, Jameel E, Rehan M, Hoda N. Recent advancements in chromone as a privileged scaffold towards the development of small molecules for neurodegenerative therapeutics. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:258-279. [PMID: 35434628 PMCID: PMC8942243 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, involve progressive degeneration of the central nervous system, resulting in memory loss and cognitive impairment. The intensification of neurodegenerative research in recent years put some molecules into clinical trials, but still there is an urgent need to develop effective therapeutic molecules to combat these diseases. Chromone is a well-identified privileged structure for the design of well-diversified therapeutic molecules of potential pharmacological interest, particularly in the field of neurodegeneration. In this short review, we focused on the recent advancements and developments of chromones for neurodegenerative therapeutics. Different small molecules were reviewed as multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) with potential inhibition of AChE, BuChE, MAO-A, MAO-B, Aβ plaque formation and aggregation. Recently developed MTDLs emphasized that the chromone scaffold has the potential to develop new molecules for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi110025India
| | - Ehtesham Jameel
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouPR China
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- Max-Planck-Institute für Molekulare Physiologie, Abteilung Chemische BiologieOtto-Hahn-Straße 1144227 DortmundGermany
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi110025India
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The Effect of Prosopis farcta and Its Bioactive Luteolin on the Hippocampus of Mice after Induced Ischemia Reperfusion. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8157948. [PMID: 35111230 PMCID: PMC8803438 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8157948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemia plays an important role in increasing damage to the nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Prosopis farcta (PFE) and its bioactive luteolin (Lu) and forced swimming exercise on the hippocampus of mice after induced ischemia reperfusion. Methods The bioactive component of PFE (Lu) was identified by HPLC. Fifty-six male mice were divided into different groups. Ischemia was induced by ligation of the common carotid artery. After mice training (swimming exercise, 8 weeks) and consuming PFE and Lu, the mice's memory ability was evaluated in the shuttle box. Histological examination was performed by Nissel staining and immunohistochemistry. Results Results showed that the ischemic mice exercised and treated with PFE and Lu had higher step-through latency (STL) compared with the nonexercised mice, and this was confirmed with time spent in the dark compartment (TDC). The number of dark cells in the ischemic group exercising and receiving PFE and Lu decreased compared to that of the other groups in the hippocampus. DCX protein expression was increased in nonexercised groups compared to that of the exercised groups and those treated with PFE and Lu, while NeuN decreased. Conclusions Forced swimming exercise following ischemia, as well as consumption of PFE and Lu, has reduced cell death and increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus and thus may help improve memory in ischemia.
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Almulla AYH, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK, Dasdelen D. Learning, Neurogenesis, and Effects of Flavonoids on Learning. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:355-364. [PMID: 34238155 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210707120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory are two of our mind's most magical abilities. Different brain regions have roles in processing and storing different types of memories. The hippocampus is the part of the brain responsible for receiving information and storing it in the neocortex. One of the most impressive characteristics of the hippocampus is its capacity for neurogenesis, which is a process in which new neurons are produced and then transformed into mature neurons and finally integrated into neural circuits. The neurogenesis process in the hippocampus, an example of neuroplasticity in the adult brain, is believed to aid hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. New neurons are constantly produced in the hippocampus and integrated into the pre-existing neuronal network; this allows old memories already stored in the neocortex to be removed from the hippocampus and replaced with new ones. Factors affecting neurogenesis in the hippocampus may also affect hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. The flavonoids can particularly exert powerful actions in mammalian cognition and improve hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by positively affecting hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Dervis Dasdelen
- Selcuk University, Medical School Department of Physiology, 42075, Konya, Turkey
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Xiao Z, Cao Z, Yang J, Jia Z, Du Y, Sun G, Lu Y, Pei L. Baicalin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced mouse model of depression. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114594. [PMID: 33964281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis is known to be related to depressive symptoms. Increasing evidence indicates that Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates multiple aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Baicalin is a major flavonoid compound with multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. The current study aimed to explore the antidepressant effects of baicalin and its possible molecular mechanisms affecting hippocampal neurogenesis via the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A chronic mild unpredictable stress (CUMS) model of depression was used in the study. The CUMS-induced mice were treated with baicalin (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 21 days, orally, and the fluoxetine was used as positive control drug. The results indicated that baicalin alleviated CUMS-induced depression-like behaviour, and improved the nerve cells' survival of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in CUMS-induced depression of model mice and increased Ki-67- and doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells to restore CUMS-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis. The related proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which declined in the CUMS-induced depression model of mice, were upregulated after baicalin treatment, including Wingless3a (Wnt3a), dishevelled2 (DVL2), and β-catenin. Further study found that the phosphorylation rate of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and β-catenin nuclear translocation increased, as the levels of the β-catenin target genes cyclinD1, c-myc, NeuroD1, and Ngn2 upregulated after baicalin treatment. In conclusion, these findings suggest that baicalin may promote hippocampal neurogenesis, thereby exerting the antidepressant effect via regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Xiao
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Zhuoqing Cao
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Zhixia Jia
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Yuru Du
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
| | - Lin Pei
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China; Hebei Province Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, China.
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Zhang L, Fan C, Hao W, Zhuang Y, Liu X, Zhao Y, Chen B, Xiao Z, Chen Y, Dai J. NSCs Migration Promoted and Drug Delivered Exosomes-Collagen Scaffold via a Bio-Specific Peptide for One-Step Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001896. [PMID: 33522126 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is plaguing medical professionals globally due to the complexity of injury progression. Based on tissue engineering technology, there recently emerges a promising way by integrating drugs with suitable scaffold biomaterials to mediate endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) to achieve one-step SCI repair. Herein, exosomes extracted from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MExos) are found to promote the migration of NSCs in vitro/in vivo. Utilizing MExos as drug delivery vehicles, a NSCs migration promoted and paclitaxel (PTX) delivered MExos-collagen scaffold is designed via a novel dual bio-specificity peptide (BSP) to effectively retain MExos within scaffolds. By virtue of the synergy that MExos recruit endogenous NSCs to the injured site, and PTX induce NSCs to give rise to neurons, this multifunctional scaffold has shown superior performance for motor functional recovery after complete SCI in rats by enhancing neural regeneration and reducing scar deposition. Besides, the dual bio-specific peptide demonstrates the capacity of tethering other cells-derived exosomes on collagen scaffold, such as erythrocytes-derived or NSCs-derived exosomes on collagen fibers or membranes. The resulting exosomes-collagen scaffold may serve as a potential multifunctional therapy modality for various disease treatments including SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface Research Division of Nanobiomedicine Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Caixia Fan
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface Research Division of Nanobiomedicine Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wangping Hao
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface Research Division of Nanobiomedicine Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- School of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface Research Division of Nanobiomedicine Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiru Liu
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface Research Division of Nanobiomedicine Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface Research Division of Nanobiomedicine Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory for Nano‐Bio Interface Research Division of Nanobiomedicine Suzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China
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Radix Scutellariae Ameliorates Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors via Protecting Neurons through the TGF β3-Smad2/3-Nedd9 Signaling Pathway. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8886715. [PMID: 33273910 PMCID: PMC7683137 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8886715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress can impair hippocampal neurogenesis, increase neuronal apoptosis, and cause depressive-like behaviors. Our previous studies found that Radix Scutellariae (RS) can rescue the stress-induced neuronal injury, but the mechanism is not clear. Here, we continued to investigate the underlying antidepressant mechanisms of the RS extract. A 7-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was used to establish a murine depression model. 0.75 g/kg or 1.5 g/kg RS was administered daily to the mice during the last 4 weeks. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by the sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and tail suspension test (TST). The neuroprotective effect of RS was evaluated with the expression of hippocampal neuron-related markers and apoptosis-associated proteins by Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot. Results showed that RS could ameliorate depressive-like behaviors, increase the expression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), reduce the expression of the proapoptotic protein BCL-2-associated X (BAX), and increase the number of doublecortin- (DCX-), microtubule-associated protein 2- (MAP2-), and neuronal nucleus- (NeuN-) positive cells in the hippocampus. Moreover, RS could reverse the CUMS-induced decrease of TGFβ3 protein, promote the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3, and increase the expression of downstream NEDD9 protein. These results suggest that RS could exert antidepressant effects via protecting neurons. And the molecular mechanism might be related to the regulation of the TGFβ3-SMAD2/3-NEDD9 pathway.
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Masood MI, Schäfer KH, Naseem M, Weyland M, Meiser P. Troxerutin flavonoid has neuroprotective properties and increases neurite outgrowth and migration of neural stem cells from the subventricular zone. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237025. [PMID: 32797057 PMCID: PMC7428079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Troxerutin (TRX) is a water-soluble flavonoid which occurs commonly in the edible plants. Recent studies state that TRX improves the functionality of the nervous system and neutralizes Amyloid-ß induced neuronal toxicity. In this study, an in vitro assay based upon Neural stem cell (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone of the postnatal balb/c mice was established to explore the impact of TRX on individual neurogenesis processes in general and neuroprotective effect against ß-amyloid 1-42 (Aß42) induced inhibition in differentiation in particular. NSCs were identified exploiting immunostaining of the NSCs markers. Neurosphere clonogenic assay and BrdU/Ki67 immunostaining were employed to unravel the impact of TRX on proliferation. Differentiation experiments were carried out for a time span lasting from 48 h to 7 days utilizing ß-tubulin III and GFAP as neuronal and astrocyte marker respectively. Protective effects of TRX on Aß42 induced depression of NSCs differentiation were determined after 48 h of application. A neurosphere migration assay was carried out for 24 h in the presence and absence of TRX. Interestingly, TRX enhanced neuronal differentiation of NSCs in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h and 7 days of incubation and significantly enhanced neurite growth. A higher concentration of TRX also neutralized the inhibitory effects of Aß42 on neurite outgrowth and length after 48 h of incubation. TRX significantly stimulated cell migration. Overall, TRX not only promoted NSCs differentiation and migration but also neutralized the inhibitory effects of Aß42 on NSCs. TRX, therefore, offers an interesting lead structure from the perspective of drug design especially to promote neurogenesis in neurological disorders i.e. Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Masood
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahrukh Naseem
- Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Maximilian Weyland
- ENS Group, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Peter Meiser
- Medical Scientific Department GM, URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Wu Y, Song X, Kebebe D, Li X, Xue Z, Li J, Du S, Pi J, Liu Z. Brain targeting of Baicalin and Salvianolic acid B combination by OX26 functionalized nanostructured lipid carriers. Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118754. [PMID: 31604118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to deliver Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and Baicalin (BA) to the brain tissue to repair neuron damage and improve cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), in our previous study, a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) containing BA and Sal B, and modified by the transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody OX26 (OX26-BA/Sal B-NLC) was constructed. The present study is to evaluate its in vitro release behavior, in vitro and in vivo targeting ability, in vitro pharmacodynamics and brain pharmacokinetics. The results showed that the release mechanism of the formulation was in line with the Weibull model release equation. The in-vitro and in-vivo targeting ability study exhibited that OX26 modified formulations was obviously higher than that of non-modified and solution groups. The results of in vitro preliminary study to investigate the protective effect of OX26-BA/Sal B-NLC on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injured cells showed that it could decrease the injury. Furthermore, the results of brain microdialysis study showed that the OX26-modified preparation group could significantly increase the content of BA in the brain. In the solution group and the unmodified group, Sal B can only be detected at few time points, while OX26-modified BA/Sal B-NLC could be detected within 4 h. These results indicating that OX26-modified NLC can promote the brain delivery of Sal B and BA combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xunan Song
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Dereje Kebebe
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Pharmacy, Health Institute, Faculty of health sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Xinyue Li
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhifeng Xue
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Department of Experimental Department, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiaxin Pi
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Heo SH, Song J, Kim BJ, Kim H, Chang DI. Rationale and design to assess the efficacy and safety of HT047 in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase II trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17655. [PMID: 31651889 PMCID: PMC6824685 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though several neuroprotective agents have been evaluated as potential treatments for acute ischemic stroke, none have demonstrated a definitive treatment efficacy, which remains elusive. HT047 is an herbal extract of Scutellaria baicalensis and Pueraria lobata, both of which have been widely used to treat ischemic stroke in traditional Korean medicine. The aims of this trial are to investigate whether HT047 can improve neurologic status, particularly motor function, in acute ischemic stroke patients, and to determine the safety of HT047. METHODS A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-arm parallel group, phase II trial will be conducted in patients who have had an acute ischemic stroke within the past 14 days. The participating patients must have a Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) motor score ≤55, with arm or leg weakness, and Korean version of the National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (K-NIHSS) score of ≥4 and ≤15. Seventy-eight participants will be randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio and given high-dose HT047 (750 mg 3 times a day), low-dose HT047 (500 mg 3 times a day), or a placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint is the change in FMA motor score between baseline and week 12. Secondary endpoints are as follows: the change in FMA motor score at weeks 4 and 8 from baseline; the change in FMA motor score at weeks 4, 8, and 12 from baseline according to the timing of treatment initiation (either within 1 week, or 1-2 weeks), or according to the presence of prognostic risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, etc); the change in K-NIHSS and Korean versions of the modified Rankin scale (K-mRS) and the modified Barthel index at weeks 4 and 12 from baseline; and the proportion of subjects at week 12 with a K-NIHSS score of 0 to 2, or with K-mRS scores of 0, ≤1, and ≤2. DISCUSSION This study is a 1st-in-human trial of HT047 to explore the efficacy and safety in acute ischemic stroke patients. The results will provide the appropriate dosage and evidence of therapeutic benefit of HT047 for stroke recovery. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02828540) Registered July 11, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyuk Heo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital
| | - Jungbin Song
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital
| | - Hocheol Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Il Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital
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Zhang R, Ma Z, Liu K, Li Y, Liu D, Xu L, Deng X, Qu R, Ma Z, Ma S. Baicalin exerts antidepressant effects through Akt/FOXG1 pathway promoting neuronal differentiation and survival. Life Sci 2019; 221:241-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jin X, Liu MY, Zhang DF, Zhong X, Du K, Qian P, Yao WF, Gao H, Wei MJ. Baicalin mitigates cognitive impairment and protects neurons from microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasomes and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:575-590. [PMID: 30676698 PMCID: PMC6488900 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Baicalin (BAI), a flavonoid compound isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been established to have potent anti‐inflammation and neuroprotective properties; however, its effects during Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment have not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BAI pretreatment on cognitive impairment and neuronal protection against microglia‐induced neuroinflammation and to explore the mechanisms underlying its anti‐inflammation effects. Methods To determine whether BAI plays a positive role in ameliorating the memory and cognition deficits in APP (amyloid beta precursor protein)/PS1 (presenilin‐1) mice, behavioral experiments were conducted. We assessed the effects of BAI on microglial activation, the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and neuroinflammation‐mediated neuron apoptosis in vivo and in vitro using Western blot, RT‐PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Finally, to elucidate the anti‐inflammation mechanisms underlying the effects of BAI, the protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasomes and the expression of proteins involved in the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway were measured using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results The results indicated that BAI treatment attenuated spatial memory dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice, as assessed by the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test. Additionally, BAI administration effectively decreased the number of activated microglia and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as neuroinflammation‐mediated neuron apoptosis, in APP/PS1 mice and LPS (lipopolysaccharides)/Aβ‐stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Lastly, the molecular mechanistic study revealed that BAI inhibited microglia‐induced neuroinflammation via suppression of the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and the TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway. Conclusion Overall, the results of the present study indicated that BAI is a promising neuroprotective compound for use in the prevention and treatment of microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation during AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Jie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-Tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, Shenyang, China
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Alò R, Zizza M, Fazzari G, Facciolo RM, Canonaco M. Genistein Modifies Hamster Behavior and Expression of Inflammatory Factors following Subchronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:98-108. [PMID: 30408789 DOI: 10.1159/000495209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have pointed to the protective role of genistein against stress adaptations although neuromolecular mechanisms are not yet fully known. With this work, we evaluated the influence of such a phytoestrogen on hamster behavioral and molecular activities following exposure to subchronic unpredictable mild stress. METHODS The motor behaviors of hamsters (n = 28) were analyzed using elevated plus maze (EPM) test, hole board (HB) test, and forced swim test (FST). In addition, neurodegeneration events were assessed with amino cupric silver stain, while expression variations of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), nuclear factor kappa-B1 (NF-κB1), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mRNAs were highlighted in limbic neuronal fields via in situ hybridization. RESULTS Genistein accounted for increased motor performances in EPM and HB tests but reduced immobility during FST, which were correlated with diminished argyrophilic signals in some limbic neuronal fields. Contextually, upregulated Hsp70 and TrkB mRNAs occurred in hippocampal (HIP) and hypothalamic neuronal fields. Conversely, diminished NF-κB1 levels were mainly obtained in HIP. CONCLUSION Hormonal neuroprotective properties of genistein corroborating anxiolytic and antidepressant role(s) through elevated expression levels of stress proteins and trophic factors may constitute novel therapeutic measures against emotional and stress-related motor performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Alò
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy,
| | - Merylin Zizza
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Gilda Fazzari
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Facciolo
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marcello Canonaco
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Biology, Ecology and Earth Science Department, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Zhang R, Guo L, Ji Z, Li X, Zhang C, Ma Z, Fu Q, Qu R, Ma S. Radix Scutellariae Attenuates CUMS-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior by Promoting Neurogenesis via cAMP/PKA Pathway. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2111-2120. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Neuroprotective and Cognitive Enhancement Potentials of Baicalin: A Review. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8060104. [PMID: 29891783 PMCID: PMC6025220 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8060104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that are characterized by the gradual loss of neurons. The development of effective neuroprotective agents to prevent and control neurodegenerative diseases is specifically important. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in selecting flavonoid compounds as potential neuroprotective agents, owing to their high effectiveness with low side effects. Baicalin is one of the important flavonoid compounds, which is mainly isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (an important Chinese medicinal herb). In recent years, a number of studies have shown that baicalin has a potent neuroprotective effect in various in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal injury. In particular, baicalin effectively prevents neurodegenerative diseases through various pharmacological mechanisms, including antioxidative stress, anti-excitotoxicity, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, stimulating neurogenesis, promoting the expression of neuronal protective factors, etc. This review mainly focuses on the neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement effects of baicalin. The aim of the present review is to compile all information in relation to the neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement effects of baicalin and its molecular mechanisms of action in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
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Chen HS, Chen X, Li WT, Shen JG. Targeting RNS/caveolin-1/MMP signaling cascades to protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries: potential application for drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:669-682. [PMID: 29595191 PMCID: PMC5943912 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play important roles in mediating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. RNS activate multiple signaling pathways and participate in different cellular events in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Recent studies have indicated that caveolin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are important signaling molecules in the pathological process of ischemic brain injury. During cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), two representative RNS, down-regulates the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and, in turn, further activates nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to promote RNS generation. The increased RNS further induce MMP activation and mediate disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), aggravating the brain damage in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, the feedback interaction among RNS/Cav-1/MMPs provides an amplified mechanism for aggravating ischemic brain damage during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Targeting the RNS/Cav-1/MMP pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy for protecting against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this mini-review article, we highlight the important role of the RNS/Cav-1/MMP signaling cascades in ischemic stroke injury and review the current progress of studies seeking therapeutic compounds targeting the RNS/Cav-1/MMP signaling cascades to attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Several representative natural compounds, including calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, baicalin, Momordica charantia polysaccharide (MCP), chlorogenic acid, lutein and lycopene, have shown potential for targeting the RNS/Cav-1/MMP signaling pathway to protect the brain in ischemic stroke. Therefore, the RNS/Cav-1/MMP pathway is an important therapeutic target in ischemic stroke treatment.
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Yan Y, Kong L, Xia Y, Liang W, Wang L, Song J, Yao Y, Lin Y, Yang J. Osthole promotes endogenous neural stem cell proliferation and improved neurological function through Notch signaling pathway in mice acute mechanical brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 67:118-129. [PMID: 28823624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical brain injury (MBI) is a common neurotrosis disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which has a higher mortality and disability. In the case of MBI, neurons death leads to loss of nerve function. To date, there was no satisfactory way to restore neural deficits caused by MBI. Endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) can proliferate, differentiate and migrate to the lesions after brain injury, to replace and repair the damaged neural cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ), hippocampus and the regions of brain injury. In the present study, we first prepared a mouse model of cortical stab wound brain injury. Using the immunohistochemical and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining method, we demonstrated that osthole (Ost), a natural coumarin derivative, was capable of promoting the proliferation of endogenous NSCs and improving neuronal restoration. Then, using the Morris water maze (MWM) test, we revealed that Ost significantly improved the learning and memory function in the MBI mice, increased the number of neurons in the regions of brain injury, hippocampus DG and CA3 regions. Additionally, we found that Ost up-regulated the expression of self-renewal genes Notch 1 and Hes 1. However, when Notch activity was blocked by the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT, the expression of Notch 1 and Hes 1 mRNA was down-regulated, augmentation of NICD and Hes 1 protein was ameliorated, the proliferation-inducing effect of Ost was abolished. These results suggested that the effects of Ost were at least in part mediated by activation of Notch signaling pathway. Our findings support that Ost is a potential drug for treating MBI due to its neuronal restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Liang Kong
- China First Mandarin Group Northeast International Hospital, Shenyang 110623, PR China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LZ, UK
| | - Wenbo Liang
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, PR China
| | - Litong Wang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Yingjia Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China.
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Dai J, Qiu YM, Ma ZW, Yan GF, Zhou J, Li SQ, Wu H, Jin YC, Zhang XH. Neuroprotective effect of baicalin on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:2129-2133. [PMID: 30323141 PMCID: PMC6199937 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.241464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalin, a flavonoid compound from the root of the herb Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been widely used to treat patients with inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of baicalin in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rat models of cerebral artery occlusion were established and then randomly and equally divided into three groups: ischemia (cerebral ischemia and reperfusion), valproic acid (cerebral ischemia and reperfusion + three intraperitoneal injections of valproic acid; positive control), and baicalin (cerebral ischemia and reperfusion + intraperitoneal injection of baicalin for 21 days). Neurological deficits were assessed using the postural reflex test and forelimb placing test at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after ischemia. Rat cerebral infarct volume was measured using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining method. Pathological change of ischemic brain tissue was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. In the baicalin group, rat neurological function was obviously improved, cerebral infarct volume was obviously reduced, and the pathological impairment of ischemic brain tissue was obviously alleviated compared to the ischemia group. Cerebral infarct volume was similar in the valproic acid and baicalin groups. These findings suggest that baicalin has a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Ming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Ma
- Department of of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Feng Yan
- Department of of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Quan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Chao Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Qin W, Chen S, Yang S, Xu Q, Xu C, Cai J. The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Aging Dis 2017; 8:792-811. [PMID: 29344417 PMCID: PMC5758352 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are special types of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation. NSCs are regulated by multiple pathways and pathway related transcription factors during the process of proliferation and differentiation. Numerous studies have shown that the compound medicinal preparations, single herbs, and herb extracts in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have specific roles in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs. In this study, we investigate the markers of NSCs in various stages of differentiation, the related pathways regulating the proliferation and differentiation, and the corresponding transcription factors in the pathways. We also review the influence of TCM on NSC proliferation and differentiation, to facilitate the development of TCM in neural regeneration and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shiya Chen
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- 1Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Xu
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- 3School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Cai
- 2College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
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Baicalin and ginsenoside Rb1 promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in Alzheimer's disease model rats. Brain Res 2017; 1678:187-194. [PMID: 29038007 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and baicalin on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSC) in Alzheimer's disease model rats. METHOD The healthy Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, model group, ginsenoside Rb1 group and baicalin group. Besides, the animal model of dementia was induced by the injection of Aβ1-40. 2 weeks later, the rats in the baicalin and ginsenoside Rb1 groups were injected with baicalin and ginsenoside Rb1, respectively. The contents, expression sites of Nestin, GFAP and NSE and the percentage of viable cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression levels of Nestin, GFAP and NSE in hippocampus of rats were detected by western-blot and metrology analysis was performed using quantity. RESULTS Injection of Aβ1-40 significantly reduced the number of neuronal cells (p < .05). In addition, compared with the control group, the percentages of positive cells of NSCs, astrocytes and neuronal were increased. Besides, compared with the model group, the percentage of positive neural cells was improved by ginsenoside Rb1 (p < .05), and the percentages of astrocytes and neuronal were increased by ginsenoside Rb1 and baicalin (p < .05). Moreover, the expressions of Nestin and NSE were enhanced by ginsenoside Rb1 and baicalin (p < .05), while the GFAP level was only affected by ginsenoside Rb1 (p < .05) when compared with the model group. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rb1 and baicalin might promote the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous NSCs in AD rat model.
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Metabolic Factors and Adult Neurogenesis: Impacts of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Brain Repair in Neurological Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:117-147. [PMID: 28807156 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis plays the important roles in animal cognitive and emotional behaviors. Abnormal proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) usually associate with the neural dysfunctions induced by different brain disorders. Therefore, targeting neurogenic factors could be a promoting strategy for neural regeneration and brain repair. Importantly, epidemiological studies suggest metabolism disorders like diabetes and obesity significantly increase the risk of neurological and psychiatric diseases. A large number of studies indicate that metabolic factors could serve as the modulators to adult neurogenesis, providing the potentials of metabolic factors to regulate NSCs growth and neural regeneration therapy. This chapter reviews the current studies on the roles of metabolic factors in modulating adult neurogenesis and evaluates the potentials of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) for the treatment of neurological or psychiatric disorders by targeting the metabolic factors. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) including CHM and acupuncture is now widely applied for the treatment of metabolic diseases, and neurological diseases in Asia, because its' therapeutic principles meet the multiple targets and complexity characteristics of most neurological disorders. Different studies indicate that there are many active compounds perform the regulations to metabolic factors and promoting neurogenesis. This chapter systematically summarizes the current progress and understanding of the active compounds and their underlying mechanisms of CHM formulas for promoting neurogenesis. Many CHM formulas and their active ingredients that originally used for metabolic disorders show the promising effects on mediating neurogenesis and brain repair for the treatments of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, further investigations about the relationship between neurogenesis and metabolic regulations of CHM will bring new insights into understanding the mechanisms of adult neurogenesis and provide great opportunities to develop new therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases. Those studies will provide scientific guidance to develop the drugs from TCM resource.
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Zhang K, Yang J, Wang F, Pan X, Liu J, Wang L, Su G, Ma J, Dong Y, Xiong Z, Wu C. Antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in a neuroendocrine mouse model of anxiety/depression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:674-683. [PMID: 27746334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is often observed in the pathophysiology of depression. Antidepressant therapy can restore hippocampal neurogenesis to rescue the HPA axis regulation defects. Xiaochaihutang (XCHT), a famous Chinese herbal formula, has been used clinically in depressive disorders in China. Our previous studies have demonstrated XCHT improved depressive-like behaviors in chronic unpredictable mild stress rat, but the underlying mechanisms of XCHT on hippocampal neurogenesis and the HPA axis were still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used chronic corticosterone (CORT)-induced mouse model of anxiety/depression to investigate antidepressant-like effects of XCHT by several physical and behavioral testing, including body weight, coat state, open field test, elevated plus maze, tail suspension test and forced swimming test. The integrity of negative feedback function on HPA axis was assessed by the dexamethasone (DEX) suppression test. In addition, Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX) were performed to assess hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis by immunohistochemistry. Chemical profile of active constituents in brain after oral administration of XCHT was revealed by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS Our results showed that oral administration of XCHT (2.3, 7 and 21g/kg) for 30 days remarkably normalized chronic CORT-induced the slowness in weight gain, the deterioration in coat state, the escape behavior in open field test and elevated plus maze, and the increase of immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test. Moreover, XCHT significantly reversed chronic CORT-induced the reduction of DEX-induced plasma corticosterone/c-Fos suppression and Ki-67/DCX positive cells. Finally, a total 13 potential active constituents in brain were identified by UPLC-MS/MS after oral administration of XCHT, including 10 prototype components and 3 metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that XCHT could remarkably alleviate chronic CORT-induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors, which were probably attribute to promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and remodeling the integrity of the negative feedback loop on HPA axis. The constituents identified in brain might contribute to understanding the therapeutic basis of XCHT on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of School of Functional Food And Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xing Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of pharmaceutical analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guangyue Su
- Department of School of Functional Food And Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yingxu Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- Department of pharmaceutical analysis, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016 Shenyang, PR China.
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Yin H, Bhattarai JP, Oh SM, Park SJ, Ahn DK, Han SK. Baicalin Activates Glycine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Receptors on Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subsnucleus Caudalis in Juvenile Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:389-400. [PMID: 27080947 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) receives nociceptive afferent inputs from thin-myelinated A[Formula: see text] fibers and unmyelinated C fibers and has been shown to be involved in the processing of orofacial nociceptive information. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huang-Qin, SbG), one of the 50 fundamental herbs of Chinese herbology, has been used historically as anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic medicine. Baicalin, one of the major compounds of SbG, has been reported to have neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. However, the receptor type activated by baicalin and its precise action mechanism on the SG neurons of Vc have not yet been studied. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was performed to examine the ion channels activated by baicalin on the SG neurons of Vc. In high Cl[Formula: see text] pipette solution, the baicalin (300[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M) induced repeatable inward currents ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]pA, [Formula: see text]) without desensitization on all the SG neurons tested. Further, the inward currents showed a concentration (0.1-3[Formula: see text]mM) dependent pattern. The inward current was sustained in the presence of tetrodotoxin (0.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M), a voltage sensitive Na[Formula: see text] channel blocker. In addition, baicalin-induced inward currents were reduced in the presence of picrotoxin (50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M), a GABAA receptor antagonist, flumazenil (100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M), a benzodiazepine-sensitive GABAA receptor antagonist, and strychnine (2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M), a glycine receptor antagonist, respectively. These results indicate that baicalin has inhibitory effects on the SG neurons of the Vc, which are due to the activation of GABAA and/or the glycine receptor. Our results suggest that baicalin may be a potential target for orofacial pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yin
- * Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Janardhan Prasad Bhattarai
- * Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Oh
- * Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Joung Park
- * Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kuk Ahn
- † Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- * Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Li B, Liu J, Zhang YY, Wang PQ, Yu YN, Kang RX, Wu HL, Zhang XX, Wang Z, Wang YY. Quantitative Identification of Compound-Dependent On-Modules and Differential Allosteric Modules From Homologous Ischemic Networks. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 5:575-584. [PMID: 27758049 PMCID: PMC5080653 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Module‐based methods have made much progress in deconstructing biological networks. However, it is a great challenge to quantitatively compare the topological structural variations of modules (allosteric modules [AMs]) under different situations. A total of 23, 42, and 15 coexpression modules were identified in baicalin (BA), jasminoidin (JA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UA) in a global anti‐ischemic mice network, respectively. Then, we integrated the methods of module‐based consensus ratio (MCR) and modified Zsummary module statistic to validate 12 BA, 22 JA, and 8 UA on‐modules based on comparing with vehicle. The MCRs for pairwise comparisons were 1.55% (BA vs. JA), 1.45% (BA vs. UA), and 1.27% (JA vs. UA), respectively. Five conserved allosteric modules (CAMs) and 17 unique allosteric modules (UAMs) were identified among these groups. In conclusion, module‐centric analysis may provide us a unique approach to understand multiple pharmacological mechanisms associated with differential phenotypes in the era of modular pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - P Q Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y N Yu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - R X Kang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H L Wu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X X Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Y Y Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xiao Yao San against Corticosterone-Induced Stress Injury via Upregulating Glucocorticoid Receptor Reaction Element Transcriptional Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5850739. [PMID: 27822288 PMCID: PMC5086362 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5850739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that uncontrollable stress can impair the synaptic plasticity and firing property of hippocampal neurons, which influenced various hippocampal-dependent tasks including memory, cognition, behavior, and mood. In this work, we had investigated the effects and mechanisms of the Chinese herbal medicine Xiao Yao San (XYS) against corticosterone-induced stress injury in primary hippocampal neurons (PHN) cells. We found that XYS and RU38486 could increase cell viabilities and decrease cell apoptosis by MTT, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry assays. In addition, we observed that XYS notably inhibited the nuclear translocation of GR and upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions levels of Caveolin-1, GR, BDNF, TrkB, and FKBP4. However, XYS downregulated the FKBP51 expressions. Furthermore, the results of the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and double luciferase reporter gene detection indicated that FKBP4 promotes the transcriptional activity of GR reaction element (GRE) by binding with GR, and FKBP51 processed the opposite action. The in vivo experiment also proved the functions of XYS. These results suggested that XYS showed an efficient neuroprotection against corticosterone-induced stress injury in PHN cells by upregulating GRE transcriptional activity, which should be developed as a potential candidate for treating stress injury in the future.
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Yan YH, Li SH, Li HY, Lin Y, Yang JX. Osthole Protects Bone Marrow-Derived Neural Stem Cells from Oxidative Damage through PI3K/Akt-1 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:398-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yan YH, Li SH, Gao Z, Zou SF, Li HY, Tao ZY, Song J, Yang JX. Neurotrophin-3 promotes proliferation and cholinergic neuronal differentiation of bone marrow- derived neural stem cells via notch signaling pathway. Life Sci 2016; 166:131-138. [PMID: 27720999 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Recently, the potential for neural stem cells (NSCs) to be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported; however, the therapeutic effects are modest by virtue of the low neural differentiation rate. In our study, we transfected bone marrow-derived NSCs (BM-NSCs) with Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), a superactive neurotrophic factor that promotes neuronal survival, differentiation, and migration of neuronal cells, to investigate the effects of NT-3 gene overexpression on the proliferation and differentiation into cholinergic neuron of BM-NSCs in vitro and its possible molecular mechanism. MAIN METHODS BM-NSCs were generated from BM mesenchymal cells of adult C57BL/6 mice and cultured in vitro. After transfected with NT-3 gene, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR method were used to determine the ability of BM-NSCs on proliferation and differentiation into cholinergic neuron; Acetylcholine Assay Kit was used for acetylcholine (Ach). RT-PCR and WB analysis were used to characterize mRNA and protein level related to the Notch signaling pathway. KEY FINDINGS We found that NT-3 can promote the proliferation and differentiation of BM-NSCs into cholinergic neurons and elevate the levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the supernatant. Furthermore, NT-3 gene overexpression increase the expression of Hes1, decreased the expression of Mash1 and Ngn1 during proliferation of BM-NSCs. Whereas, the expression of Hes1 was down-regulated, and Mash1 and Ngn1 expression were up-regulated during differentiation of BM-NSCs. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings support the prospect of using NT-3-transduced BM-NSCs in developing therapies for AD due to their equivalent therapeutic potential as subventricular zone-derived NSCs (SVZ-NSCs), greater accessibility, and autogenous attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Shao-Heng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Zhong Gao
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, PR China
| | - Sa-Feng Zou
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian 116033, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China
| | - Jing-Xian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, PR China.
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Li JH, Chen ZX, Zhang XG, Li Y, Yang WT, Zheng XW, Chen S, Lu L, Gu Y, Zheng GQ. Bioactive components of Chinese herbal medicine enhance endogenous neurogenesis in animal models of ischemic stroke: A systematic analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4904. [PMID: 27749547 PMCID: PMC5059049 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used to treat stroke for thousands of years. The objective of the study is to assess the current evidence for bioactive components of CHM as neurogenesis agent in animal models of ischemic stroke. METHODS We searched PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals published from the inception up to November 2015. The primary measured outcome was one of neurogenesis biomarker, including Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), Nestin, doublecortin (DCX), polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). RESULTS Thirty eligible studies were identified. The score of quality assessment ranged from 2 of 10 to 7 of 10. Compared with controls, 10 studies conducting neurobehavioral evaluation showed significant effects on bioactive components of CHM for improving neurological deficits score after ischemic insults (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); 6 studies in Morris water-maze test showed bioactive components of CHM significantly decreased escape latency and increased residence time (P < 0.05); 5 studies demonstrated that bioactive components of CHM significantly reduced infarct volume after ischemic stroke (P < 0.05); 25 of 26 studies showed that bioactive components of CHM significantly increased the expression of BrdU and/or Nestin markers in rats/mice brain after ischemic injury (P < 0.05, or P < 0.01); 4 of 5 studies for promoting the expression of PSA-NCAM or DCX biomarker (P < 0.05); 5 studies for improving the expression of NeuN biomarker (P < 0.05); 6 of 7 studies for promoting the expression of GFAP biomarker in brain after ischemic stroke (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that bioactive components of CHM may improve neurological function, reduce infarct volume, and promote endogenous neurogenesis, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural stem cells after ischemic stroke. However, evidences are supported but limited because only a few studies were available for each descriptive analysis. Further rigor study is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Huang Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Zi-Xian Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Xiao-Guang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Xia-Wei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
| | - Lin Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence: Yong Gu, Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China (e-mail: ); Guo-Qing Zheng, Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China (e-mail: )
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou
- Correspondence: Yong Gu, Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China (e-mail: ); Guo-Qing Zheng, Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China (e-mail: )
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Zhang K, Pan X, Wang F, Ma J, Su G, Dong Y, Yang J, Wu C. Baicalin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis via SGK1- and FKBP5-mediated glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation in a neuroendocrine mouse model of anxiety/depression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30951. [PMID: 27502757 PMCID: PMC4977505 DOI: 10.1038/srep30951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants increase hippocampal neurogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but excessive GR activation impairs hippocampal neurogenesis, suggesting that normal GR function is crucial for hippocampal neurogenesis. Baicalin was reported to regulate the expression of GR and facilitate hippocampal neurogenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we used the chronic corticosterone (CORT)-induced mouse model of anxiety/depression to assess antidepressant-like effects of baicalin and illuminate possible molecular mechanisms by which baicalin affects GR-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis. We found that oral administration of baicalin (40, 80 or 160 mg/kg) for 4 weeks alleviated several chronic CORT-induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors. Baicalin also increased Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells to restore chronic CORT-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, baicalin normalized the chronic CORT-induced decrease in GR protein levels, the increase in GR nuclear translocation and the increase in GR phosphorylation at Ser203 and Ser211. Finally, chronic CORT exposure increased the level of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) and of phosphorylated serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) at Ser422 and Thr256, whereas baicalin normalized these changes. Together, our findings suggest that baicalin improves anxiety/depression-like behaviors and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis. We propose that baicalin may normalize GR function through SGK1- and FKBP5-mediated GR phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xing Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guangyue Su
- Department of School of Functional Food And Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yingxu Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
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Zhuang P, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang M, Song L, Lu Z, Zhang L, Zhang F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wei H, Li H. Reversal of muscle atrophy by Zhimu and Huangbai herb pair via activation of IGF-1/Akt and autophagy signal in cancer cachexia. Support Care Cancer 2015; 24:1189-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-015-2892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Morita A, Soga K, Nakayama H, Ishida T, Kawanishi S, Sato EF. Neuronal differentiation of human iPS cells induced by baicalin via regulation of bHLH gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:458-63. [PMID: 26277393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient differentiation is important for regenerative medicine based on pluripotent stem cells, including treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and trauma. Baicalin promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells of rats and mice. To evaluate the suitability of baicalin for neuronal differentiation of human iPS cells, we investigated whether it promotes neuronal differentiation in human iPS cells and monitored basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene expression during neuronal differentiation. Baicalin promoted neuronal differentiation and inhibited glial differentiation, suggesting that baicalin can influence the neuronal fate decision in human iPS cells. Notch signaling, which is upstream of bHLH proteins, was not involved in baicalin-induced neuronal differentiation. Baicalin treatment did not down-regulate Hes1 gene expression, but it reduced Hes1 protein levels and up-regulated Ascl1 gene expression. Thus, baicalin promoted neuronal differentiation via modulation of bHLH transcriptional factors. Therefore, baicalin has potential to be used as a small-molecule drug for regenerative treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan.
| | - Kohei Soga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Hironobu Nakayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Torao Ishida
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Shosuke Kawanishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Eisuke F Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
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Suxiaojiuxin pill enhances atherosclerotic plaque stability by modulating the MMPs/TIMPs balance in ApoE-deficient mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:120-6. [PMID: 24621651 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
: Suxiaojiuxin pill (SX) is a famous Chinese formulated product, which has been used to treat coronary heart disease and angina pectoris in China. This study was carried out to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of SX on the stability of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-deficient mice. ApoE-/- mice of 6-8 weeks old were fed with high-fat diet for developing artherosclerosis. After oral administration of SX for 8 weeks, histopathology of aortic plaque was performed by Sudan III and hematoxylin-eosin staining, and muscle protein was detected by Western blotting (WB). The mRNA and proteins associated with aortic plaque stability were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and WB, respectively. SX treatment could not only reduce serum triglyceride level and plaque area but also increase fibrous cap thickness and collagen content compared with the model group. WB results showed that SX could increase α-smooth muscle actin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and TIMP-2 protein expression, whereas decrease matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 protein expression. Moreover, SX could upregulate the expression of α-smooth muscle actin mRNA and downregulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA. These results showed that SX could enhance atherosclerotic plaque stability in ApoE-deficient mice. The mechanism may be associated with modulating the MMPs/TIMPs balance.
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Lee J, Jo DG, Park D, Chung HY, Mattson MP. Adaptive cellular stress pathways as therapeutic targets of dietary phytochemicals: focus on the nervous system. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:815-68. [PMID: 24958636 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 5 decades, it has been widely promulgated that the chemicals in plants that are good for health act as direct scavengers of free radicals. Here we review evidence that favors a different hypothesis for the health benefits of plant consumption, namely, that some phytochemicals exert disease-preventive and therapeutic actions by engaging one or more adaptive cellular response pathways in cells. The evolutionary basis for the latter mechanism is grounded in the fact that plants produce natural antifeedant/noxious chemicals that discourage insects and other organisms from eating them. However, in the amounts typically consumed by humans, the phytochemicals activate one or more conserved adaptive cellular stress response pathways and thereby enhance the ability of cells to resist injury and disease. Examplesof such pathways include those involving the transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and forkhead box subgroup O, as well as the production and action of trophic factors and hormones. Translational research to develop interventions that target these pathways may lead to new classes of therapeutic agents that act by stimulating adaptive stress response pathways to bolster endogenous defenses against tissue injury and disease. Because neurons are particularly sensitive to potentially noxious phytochemicals, we focus on the nervous system but also include findings from other cell types in which actions of phytochemicals on specific signal transduction pathways have been more thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
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Kong L, Hu Y, Yao Y, Jiao Y, Li S, Yang J. The Coumarin Derivative Osthole Stimulates Adult Neural Stem Cells, Promotes Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus, and Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:1290-301. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yingjia Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yanan Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Shaoheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jingxian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Yun J, Jung YS. A Scutellaria baicalensis radix water extract inhibits morphine-induced conditioned place preference. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1382-1387. [PMID: 25068674 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.892514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Lamiaceae) has been used as a traditional herbal preparation for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders in Asian countries for centuries. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of S. baicalensis on morphine-induced drug dependence in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to evaluate the effect of S. baicalensis and baicalin on morphine-induced dependence-like behavior, a water extract of S. baicalensis [500 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] or baicalin (50 mg/kg, i.p., a flavonoid found in S. baicalensis) was administered prior to morphine injection [5 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively, subcutaneously (s.c.)] to rats for 8 and 4 d, respectively. Morphine-induced conditioned place preference was assessed by measuring the time spent in a drug-paired chamber. The effect of S. baicalensis on dopamine receptor supersensitivity (locomotor activity) and dopamine agonist-induced climbing behavior due to a single apomorphine treatment (2 mg/kg, s.c.) was also measured. RESULTS At 50 mg/kg, a water extract of S. baicalensis decreased morphine (5 mg/kg)-induced conditioned place preference by 86% in rats. Apomorphine (2 mg/kg)-induced locomotor activity (dopamine receptor supersensitivity) in rats and climbing behavior in mice were attenuated after pretreatment with 500 mg/kg of S. baicalensis water extract by 41% and 56%, respectively. In addition, baicalin-reduced morphine-induced conditioned places preference by 86% in rats at 50 mg/kg. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that S. baicalensis can ameliorate drug addiction-related behavior through functional regulation of dopamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesuk Yun
- Pharmaceutical Standardization Research and Testing Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Busan , Republic of Korea and
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Reversal of muscle atrophy by Zhimu-Huangbai herb-pair via Akt/mTOR/FoxO3 signal pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100918. [PMID: 24968071 PMCID: PMC4072704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is one of the serious complications of diabetes. Zhimu-Huangbai herb-pair (ZB) is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine formulas for treating Xiaoke (known as diabetes) and its complications. However, the effect of ZB on reversal of muscle atrophy and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this research, we investigated the effect and possible mechanisms of ZB on skeletal muscle atrophy in diabetic mice. Animal model of diabetic muscle atrophy was developed by high fat diet (HFD) feeding plus streptozotocin (STZ) injection. After oral adminstration of ZB for 6 weeks, the effects of ZB on reversal of muscle atrophy and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated by biochemical, histological and western blot methods. The skeletal muscle weight, strength, and cross-sectional area of diabetic mice were significantly increased by ZB treatment. Biochemical results showed that ZB treatment reduced the serum glucose level, and elevated the serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin levels significantly compared with untreated diabetic group. The western blot results showed that ZB activated the mTOR signal pathway, shown as increased phosphorylations (p-) of Akt, mTOR, Raptor, S6K1 and reduced Foxo3 expression compared with the model group. ZB could reverse muscle atrophy in diabetic mice. This may be through activation of mTOR signaling pathway that promotes protein synthesis, and inactivation foxo3 protein that inhibits protein degradation. These findings suggested that ZB may be considered as a potential candidate drug in treatment of diabetic muscle atrophy.
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Zhang E, Shen J, So KF. Chinese traditional medicine and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 4:77-81. [PMID: 24860729 PMCID: PMC4003705 DOI: 10.4103/2225-4110.130372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is an important therapeutic target in treating neurological disorders. Adult neurogenesis takes place in two regions of the brain: Subventricular zone and dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. The progressive understanding on hippocampal neurogenesis in aging and mood disorders increases the demand to explore powerful and subtle interventions on hippocampal neurogenesis. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine provides an abundant pharmaceutical platform for modulating hippocampal neurogenesis. Recent progress in exploring the effects of Chinese herbal medicine and the related mechanisms opens a new direction for regeneration therapy. The current review gives a thorough summary of the research progress made in traditional Chinese herbal formulas, and the effective compounds in Chinese herbs which are beneficial on hippocampal neurogenesis and the possible mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. ; Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Fai So
- Department of Anatomy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. ; Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. ; The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. ; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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NMDA receptor-mediated neuroprotective effect of the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract on the excitotoxic neuronal cell death in primary rat cortical cell cultures. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:459549. [PMID: 24967436 PMCID: PMC4055394 DOI: 10.1155/2014/459549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current research work was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (S.B.) on the excitotoxic neuronal cell death in primary rat cortical cell cultures. The inhibitory effects of the extract were qualitatively and quantitatively estimated by phase-contrast microscopy and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. The extract exhibited a potent and dose-dependent inhibition of the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in the culture media. Further, using radioligand binding assays, it was observed that the inhibitory effect of the extract was more potent and selective for the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated toxicity. The S.B. ethanol extract competed with [3H] MDL 105,519 for the specific binding to the NMDA receptor glycine site with 50% inhibition occurring at 35.1 μg/mL. Further, NMDA receptor inactivation by the S.B. ethanol extract was concluded from the decreasing binding capability of [3H]MK-801 in the presence of the extract. Thus, S.B. extract exhibited neuroprotection against excitotoxic cell death, and this neuroprotection was mediated through the inhibition of NMDA receptor function by interacting with the glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor. Phytochemical analysis of the bioactive extract revealed the presence of six phytochemical constituents including baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, scutellarin, and Oroxylin A.
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Leone L, Fusco S, Mastrodonato A, Piacentini R, Barbati SA, Zaffina S, Pani G, Podda MV, Grassi C. Epigenetic Modulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 49:1472-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Systemic revealing pharmacological signalling pathway networks in the hippocampus of ischaemia-reperfusion mice treated with baicalin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:630723. [PMID: 24381634 PMCID: PMC3870072 DOI: 10.1155/2013/630723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background. Baicalin (BA) exhibits ill understood neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects in brain injury. Objective. To identify the differential network pathways associated with BA-related biological effects. Methods. MCAO-induced mice received BA 5 mg/Kg (BA group). Controls received vehicle only. Following ischaemia-reperfusion, ArrayTrack analysed the whole genome microarray of hippocampal genes, and MetaCore analysed differentially expressed genes. Results. Four reversing pathways were common to BA and controls, but only 6 were in the top 10 for BA. Three of the top 5 signalling pathways in controls were not observed in BA. BA treatment made absent 3 pathways of the top 5 signalling pathways from the top 5 in controls. There were 2 reversing pathways between controls and BA that showed altered gene expression. Controls had 6 networks associated with cerebral ischaemia. After BA treatment, 9 networks were associated with cerebral ischaemia. Enrichment analysis identified 10 significant biological processes in BA and controls. Of the 10 most significant molecular functions, 7 were common to BA and controls, and only 3 occurred in BA. BA and controls had 7 significant cellular components. Conclusions. This study showed that the clinical effectiveness of BA was based on the complementary effects of multiple pathways and networks.
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