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Abe H, Kawahara A, Akiba J, Yamaguchi R. Advances in diagnostic liquid-based cytology. Cytopathology 2024. [PMID: 38837293 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has changed the landscape of gynaecological cytology. A growing demand exists for LBC in diagnostic cytology, particularly for ancillary testing, such as immunocytochemistry and molecular testing. Ancillary testing solely based on conventional preparation (CP) methods remains challenging. Recently, the increased demand for specialist testing and minimally invasive techniques, such as endoscopic ultrasonography fine-needle aspiration, to obtain cellular samples has led to an increasing demand for ancillary testing on cytology LBC supernatant, slides and cell block (CB). This facilitates the diagnosis and prognosis in cytology samples enabling personalized treatment. An understanding of the history and future prospects of LBC is crucial for its application in routine diagnostics by cytopathologists and cytotechnologists. In this review, we initiated an internet search using the keyword 'liquid-based cytology', and we conducted a literature review to discuss the usefulness of combined diagnosis of LBC and CP, immunocytochemistry and molecular testing and assessed the quality of nucleic acids in diagnostic LBC. High-quality and cell-rich diagnostic LBC surpassed the CP method alone in terms of reliability and versatility of ancillary testing in cytological diagnosis. Conclusively, diagnostic LBC lends itself to various new technologies and is expected to continue evolving with innovations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Abe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jun Akiba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Rin Yamaguchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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Calapkulu M, Sencar ME, Ozturk Unsal I, Sakiz D, Tekinyildiz M, Ozbek M, Cakal E. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions on the management of differentiated thyroid cancer in Turkey: a single tertiary centre experience. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:2587-2595. [PMID: 38347198 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08496-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many countries have implemented unprecedented health measures since the World Health Organisation declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic. These measures have resulted in delays in the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, there is limited data on the impact of restrictions imposed during the pandemic on DTC management. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyse the clinicopathological and follow-up data of DTC patients diagnosed before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS This retrospective study included 191 DTC patients that were diagnosed between December 2018 and June 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: patients diagnosed before (December 2018 to February 2020) and during (March 2020 to June 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. The clinicopathological and follow-up data between the two groups were compared. RESULTS Similar preoperative cytology results were obtained from the two groups. No difference with regard to tumour size, lymphovascular invasion and extrathyroidal invasion was observed between the two groups. While the American Thyroid Association risk stratification was similar between the two groups, radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy was applied less during the COVID-19 period. Although RAI therapy was administered at a lower rate during the COVID-19 period, the recurrence rates among patients after two years of follow-up were similar to those during the pre-COVID-19 period. CONCLUSION Although the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions during the pandemic period caused difficulties in the management of DTC patients, this did not negatively affect their prognosis. These findings can confirm the applicability of active surveillance in DTC patients and may help change the real-life treatment practices in selected low-risk DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Calapkulu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Avenue, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Muhammed Erkam Sencar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Avenue, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Ozturk Unsal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Avenue, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Davut Sakiz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mardin Training and Research Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Merve Tekinyildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozbek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Avenue, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erman Cakal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Sehit Omer Halisdemir Avenue, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
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Deniz MS, Dindar M. Examining the impact of several factors including COVID-19 on thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol 2024; 52:42-49. [PMID: 37823334 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study explores various factors, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) history and vaccination status, that influence the classification value of ultrasonography-guided thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy (TFNAB) by comparing non-diagnostic (Bethesda-I) and diagnostic (Bethesda II-VI) results. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational study in a high-volume tertiary care center involving patients who underwent TFNAB from November 2022 to April 2023. The study retrospectively analyzed the cytopathology of 482 thyroid nodules. Patients were categorized into non-diagnostic (n = 136) and Diagnostic groups (n = 346) based on TFNAB. A comprehensive set of parameters was examined, including demographic, anthropometric and clinical data, thyroid ultrasonography findings, COVID-19 history and immunization status. RESULTS The mean age was 55.1 ± 12.1 years in the non-diagnostic group and 53.5 ± 13 years in the Diagnostic group (p = .223). 75.7% (n = 103) of the non-Diagnostic group and 82.9% (n = 287) of the Diagnostic group were male (p = .070). The mean nodule longitudinal diameter of the Diagnostic group was significantly higher than that of the non-diagnostic group (p = .015). The TIRADS score of the nodules showed a statistical difference between the groups (p = .048). The groups had no significant differences regarding other ultrasonographic parameters and COVID-19-related variables. CONCLUSION It can be assumed that when the longitudinal diameter of the thyroid nodule is small and in TIRADS categories other than the TIRADS3 category, TFNAB is less likely to be diagnostic. However, future research may be needed to confirm these findings and uncover any long-term effects of COVID-19 or vaccines on thyroid nodule diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Serdar Deniz
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Education and Research Hospital, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Merve Dindar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Education and Research Hospital, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
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Girolami I, Eccher A. Digital diagnostic cytopathology: Has the pandemic brought us closer? Cytopathology 2023; 34:419-422. [PMID: 36721906 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has acted as a powerful change driver in the field of pathology and has had relevant consequences on the practice of cytopathology, in terms of changes in workload, rates of malignancy, and the performance of cytology. At the same time, regulatory authorities have relaxed their requirements for the deployment of digital pathology for remote diagnostic reporting. However, most of these improvements have concerned digital histopathology. Data from a literature search show that experiences in digital cytopathology during the pandemic have concerned mainly educational and academic activities. From a broader point of view, when searching for all published literature on digital pathology, only a minority of papers deal with cytopathology, but a noticeable increase in publications has been seen in the last 10 years, with an upward trend toward a maximum of papers in 2021. Indeed, the pandemic has led to greater awareness of the possibility of digital for cytopathology as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Girolami
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
- Lehrkrankenhaus der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Albino Eccher
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Stefanou CK, Papathanakos G, Stefanou SK, Tepelenis K, Kitsouli A, Barbouti A, Flindris S, Tsoumanis P, Kanavaros P, Kitsoulis P. Thyroid surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: difficulties - how to improve. Innov Surg Sci 2022; 7:125-132. [PMID: 36561505 PMCID: PMC9742267 DOI: 10.1515/iss-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization after rapidly spreading over the world in just a few months. All elective operations and nonemergency treatments have been postponed worldwide. However, some patients require surgical therapy as well, and the time spent waiting should not have a negative impact on the surgical outcome or disease course. Following the initial onset of the COVID-19 epidemic, instructions for proper and safe surgery for healthcare staff and patients should develop. Thyroid surgeries have decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of them can be postponed for a long time. Assessment of thyroid nodules recommends clinical examination, imaging studies, fine needle aspiration (FNA) and vocal cord examination. All these procedures are necessary, and sometimes they cannot be postponed. To determine the best timing, a thorough preoperative assessment should be undertaken, taking into account both oncological and anatomical features. Furthermore, COVID-19 status must be negative prior to any intervention, and hospital infrastructure must be ready to deal with the demanding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kostas Tepelenis
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Alexandra Barbouti
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Stefanos Flindris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital ofIoannina, Greece
| | - Periklis Tsoumanis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kitsoulis
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Rizvi AA, Stoian AP, Lessan N, Rizzo M. Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19: A Rapid Evolution of Knowledge and Care. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:805. [PMID: 34441011 PMCID: PMC8399077 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
American singer-writer and visual artist Bob Dylan produced the song "The Times They Are a-Changin" in the 1960s, which became a rallying cry for the civil rights and anti-war movements in that decade [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Department, Faculty of General Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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