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Kim JH, Park S, Hepinstall-Cymerman J, Lee DK. Predicting avian diversity based on land use and cover on a national scale. Sci Data 2024; 11:874. [PMID: 39138225 PMCID: PMC11322311 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the relationship between landscape features and avian diversity in South Korea, examining both taxonomic and functional diversity. The Korean Peninsula serves as a pivotal habitat for resident bird species and a migratory pathway in the East Asia-Pacific flyway. Using a national dataset with block sizes ranging from 3.5 to 4.5 kilometers per side, we found that less urbanized open plains exhibit higher taxonomic diversity, while coastal regions with diverse water bird populations show higher functional diversity. These findings underscore the significance of conserving the existing land types and qualities in specific regions to substantially impact bird distribution and regional biodiversity. Remarkably, closed forests display diversity patterns akin to urban/built-up areas, despite their disparate land use characteristics. The stability of bird diversity indices across different land use types enables us to predict bird diversity indices based on the particular land use and land cover configurations. This study emphasizes the complementary nature of functional biodiversity indices in comprehending bird distribution patterns alongside taxonomic diversity indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Kim
- Transboundary Ecological Research Institute, Goseong, Gangwon-do, 24758, Republic of Korea.
- DMZ Ecology Research Institute, Paju, Gyeonggi-do, 10881, Republic of Korea.
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shinyeong Park
- Transboundary Ecological Research Institute, Goseong, Gangwon-do, 24758, Republic of Korea
- DMZ Ecology Research Institute, Paju, Gyeonggi-do, 10881, Republic of Korea
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
- Center for Integrative Conservation Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30605, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aikens, South Carolina, 29802, USA
| | | | - Dong Kun Lee
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Campos JC, Alírio J, Arenas-Castro S, Duarte L, Garcia N, Regos A, Pôças I, Teodoro AC, Sillero N. Dynamic shifts of functional diversity through climate-resilient strategies and farmland restoration in a mountain protected area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121622. [PMID: 38972185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Land-use land-cover (LULC) change contributes to major ecological impacts, particularly in areas undergoing land abandonment, inducing modifications on habitat structure and species distributions. Alternative land-use policies are potential solutions to alleviate the negative impacts of contemporary tendencies of LULC change on biodiversity. This work analyzes these tendencies in the Montesinho Natural Park (Portugal), an area representative of European abandoned mountain rural areas. We built ecological niche models for 226 species of vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) and vascular plants, using a consensus modelling approach available in the R package 'biomod2'. We projected the models to contemporary (2018) and future (2050) LULC scenarios, under four scenarios aiming to secure relevant ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation for 2050: an afforestation and a rewilding scenario, focused on climate-smart management strategies, and a farmland and an agroforestry recovery scenario, based on re-establishing human traditional activities. We quantified the influences of these scenarios on biodiversity through species habitat suitability changes for 2018-2050. We analyzed how these management strategies could influence indices of functional diversity (functional richness, functional evenness and functional dispersion) within the park. Habitat suitability changes revealed complementary patterns among scenarios. Afforestation and rewilding scenarios benefited more species adapted to habitats with low human influence, such as forests and open woodlands. The highest functional richness and dispersion was predicted for rewilding scenarios, which could improve landscape restoration and provide opportunities for the expansion and recolonization of forest areas by native species. The recovery of traditional farming and agroforestry activities results in the lowest values of functional richness, but these strategies contribute to complex landscape matrices with diversified habitats and resources. Moreover, this strategy could offer opportunities for fire suppression and increase landscape fire resistance. An integrative approach reconciling rewilding initiatives with the recovery of extensive agricultural and agroforestry activities is potentially an harmonious strategy for supporting the provision of ecosystem services while securing biodiversity conservation and functional diversity within the natural park.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Campos
- CICGE - Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - João Alírio
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Land Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the FCUP, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Salvador Arenas-Castro
- Área de Ecología, Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba. Campus de Rabanales, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Lia Duarte
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Land Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the FCUP, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Garcia
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1111, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Adrián Regos
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centre Tecnològic i Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC). Ctra. St. Llorenç de Morunys km 2. 25280, Solsona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Pôças
- CoLAB ForestWISE - Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest & Fire Management, Quinta de Prados, Campus da UTAD, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana C Teodoro
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Land Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the FCUP, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Neftalí Sillero
- CICGE - Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
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Martins A, Collart F, Sim‐Sim M, Patiño J. Ecological drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bryophytes in an oceanic island. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70023. [PMID: 39055776 PMCID: PMC11269207 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Montane oceanic islands possess unique geographic and ecological attributes, rendering them valuable for assessing patterns and drivers of alpha and beta taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity along elevational gradients. Such comparisons of diversity facets can provide insights into the mechanisms governing community assembly on islands. Herein, we aimed to characterize taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic bryophyte diversity on Madeira Island within and across areas at varying elevations. We also assessed how these diversity facets for the alpha and beta components relate to ecological and anthropogenic factors. We estimated and compared alpha and beta taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity using 80 plots of 0.5 m × 0.5 m across the whole elevational gradient of the island. We compiled trait databases and supplemented them with our own observations. Phylogenetic information was sourced from the Moss and Liverwort Tree of Life. To assess the impact of ecological and anthropogenic factors on the three facets, we applied linear mixed-effects models and generalized dissimilarity models to alpha- and beta-diversity matrices, respectively. All facets of diversity exhibited strong correlations within both mosses and liverworts, indicating a substantial congruence when alpha and beta are analyzed separately. The bryophyte groups categorized by the growth form demonstrated contrasting patterns, aligning with their distinctive ecological requirements. While a mid-elevation peak emerged as a common pattern across the three facets of alpha diversity, beta diversity often displayed the opposite trend. Although the relative influence of environmental factors varied depending on the diversity facet and bryophyte grouping considered, we found that alpha and beta diversity of bryophytes are more influenced by climatic factors and the predominant type of vegetation than by anthropogenic factors. In the current context of global change, these results should be interpreted with caution, but they point to the resilience of bryophytes to survive in relatively well-preserved natural microhabitats within anthropogenic landscapes. In this study on Madeira Island, we investigated patterns and drivers of alpha and beta taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity along elevational gradients. We found that alpha and beta diversity of bryophytes are more strongly influenced by climatic factors and the predominant type of vegetation than by anthropogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Martins
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute/MUHNAC—Museu Nacional de História Natural e da CiênciaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Flavien Collart
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Manuela Sim‐Sim
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute/MUHNAC—Museu Nacional de História Natural e da CiênciaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability InstituteUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Jairo Patiño
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA‐CSIC)La LagunaSpain
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología VegetalUniversidad de La LagunaLa LagunaSpain
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Liao C, Wang J, Ye S, Li W, Correa SB, Zhang T, Liu J. Multifaceted fish diversities respond differently to impounding age and longitudinal location along a reservoir cascade. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.955053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Damming usually modifies riverine habitats, which affects various aspects of fish diversity, especially in a reservoir cascade. Their influence on fish assemblage has been studied widely, but a lack of data from the diversity perspective remains. The Gezhouba Reservoir and Three Gorges Reservoir are two of the largest cascaded reservoirs located on the upper Yangtze River. In this study, we investigated the current fish assemblages in 2020∼2021 and retrieved 22 previous investigations in different sections of this cascade system to analyze how fish taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic alpha- and beta-diversity change with the distance from the dams and the impounding age during 1998∼2021, and all sampling sites are located in the upper section of the dams. The total species richness and phylogenetic diversity increased significantly with the distance from the dams, but the functional diversity did not change substantially. No significant difference was found in the influence of impounding age on the three aspects of fish diversity. We observed a noticeable increase in non-indigenous fish species richness, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity over time, these effects were similar in areas at different distances from the dams. The species richness and phylogenetic diversity of lotic fish decreased from the lotic to lentic zones, whereas the functional and phylogenetic diversities decreased significantly with impounding age. The taxonomic beta-diversity was remarkably higher than the functional and phylogenetic beta-diversities. The differences among the three facets of beta-diversity were driven by a lower functional turnover than the taxonomic and phylogenetic turnovers, and their nestedness components were low without exception. The present study suggests that trade-offs should be considered when designing policies to protect fish diversity based on different objectives.
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Rurangwa ML, Niyigaba P, Tobias JA, Whittaker RJ. Functional and phylogenetic diversity of an agricultural matrix avifauna: The role of habitat heterogeneity in Afrotropical farmland. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9024. [PMID: 35822114 PMCID: PMC9259849 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Varied strategies to alleviate the loss of farmland biodiversity have been tested, yet there is still insufficient evidence supporting their effectiveness, especially when considering phylogenetic and functional diversity alongside traditional taxonomic diversity metrics. This conservation challenge is accentuated in the Afrotropics by the rapid agricultural expansion and intensification for the production of cash crops and by a comparative lack of research. In this study, we assessed how farming practices influence avian phylogenetic and functional diversity. We conducted point-count surveys to assess avian diversity in monocultures of tea and mixed crop farming systems surrounding the Nyungwe rainforest in south-west Rwanda, allowing us to investigate the drivers of avian diversity at farm level. Species composition was found to be moderately different between farm types, with mixed crop farms supporting higher phylogenetic diversity than tea plantations. There were no significant seasonal differences in species composition, functional or phylogenetic diversity. Overall, functional diversity did not differ between farm types, but the dispersion of trophic-related traits was significantly higher in mixed crop farms. Both functional and phylogenetic diversity were influenced by floristic diversity, vegetation height, tree number, and elevation to varying degrees. Our results also (i) highlight the role of farmland heterogeneity (e.g., crop species composition, height, and tree cover extent) in encouraging avian functional and phylogenetic diversity in the Afrotropics and (ii) indicate that the generally negative biodiversity impacts of monoculture agriculture can be partially alleviated by extensive agroforestry with an emphasis on indigenous tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph A. Tobias
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonBerksUK
| | - Robert J. Whittaker
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Holl KD, Luong JC, Brancalion PHS. Overcoming biotic homogenization in ecological restoration. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:777-788. [PMID: 35660115 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Extensive evidence shows that regional (gamma) diversity is often lower across restored landscapes than in reference landscapes, in part due to common restoration practices that favor widespread species through selection of easily-grown species with high survival and propagation practices that reduce genetic diversity. We discuss approaches to counteract biotic homogenization, such as reintroducing species that are adapted to localized habitat conditions and are unlikely to colonize naturally; periodically reintroducing propagules from remnant populations to increase genetic diversity; and reintroducing higher trophic level fauna to restore interaction networks and processes that promote habitat heterogeneity. Several policy changes would also increase regional diversity; these include regional coordination amongst restoration groups, financial incentives to organizations producing conservation-valued species, and experimental designations for rare species introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Holl
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Justin C Luong
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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Tobias JA. A bird in the hand: Global-scale morphological trait datasets open new frontiers of ecology, evolution and ecosystem science. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:573-580. [PMID: 35199920 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
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