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Souza AJ, Freitas ÍS, Sharmin D, Cook JM, Guimarães FS, Gomes FV. An alpha 5-GABA A receptor positive allosteric modulator attenuates social and cognitive deficits without changing dopamine system hyperactivity in rats exposed to valproic acid in utero. Autism Res 2024; 17:1534-1544. [PMID: 39169698 PMCID: PMC11343091 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by core behavioral symptoms in the domains of sociability, language/communication, and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors. Deficits in the prefrontal and hippocampal excitatory/inhibitory balance due to a functional loss of GABAergic interneurons are proposed to underlie these symptoms. Increasing the postsynaptic effects of GABA with compounds that selectively modulate GABAergic receptors could be a potential target for treating ASD symptoms. In addition, deficits in GABAergic interneurons have been linked to dopamine (DA) system dysregulation, and, despite conflicting evidence, abnormalities in the DA system activity may underly some ASD symptoms. Here, we investigated whether the positive allosteric modulator of α5-containing GABAA receptors (α5-GABAARs) SH-053-2'F-R-CH3 (10 mg/kg) attenuates behavioral abnormalities in rats exposed to valproic acid (VPA) in utero, an established risk factor for autism. We also evaluated if animals exposed to VPA in utero present changes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA system activity using in vivo electrophysiology and if SH-053-2'F-R-CH3 could attenuate these changes. SH-053-2'F-R-CH3 was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before each behavioral test and electrophysiology. In utero VPA exposure caused male and female rats to present increased repetitive behavior (self-grooming) in early adolescence and deficits in social interaction in adulthood. Male, but not female VPA rats, also presented deficits in recognition memory as adults. SH-053-2'F-R-CH3 attenuated the impairments in sociability and cognitive function in male VPA-exposed rats without attenuating the decreased social interaction in females. Adult male and female VPA-exposed rats also showed an increased VTA DA neuron population activity, which was not changed by SH-053-2'F-R-CH3. Despite sex differences, our findings indicate that α5-GABAARs positive allosteric modulators may effectively attenuate some core ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Jesus Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Silva Freitas
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dishary Sharmin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute of Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Milwaukee Institute of Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Francisco S. Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe V. Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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2
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Sui Y, Mortensen M, Yuan B, Nicholson MW, Smart TG, Jovanovic JN. GABA A receptors and neuroligin 2 synergize to promote synaptic adhesion and inhibitory synaptogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1423471. [PMID: 39100896 PMCID: PMC11295144 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1423471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptors (γ-aminobutyric acid-gated receptors type A; GABAARs), the major structural and functional postsynaptic components of inhibitory synapses in the mammalian brain, belong to a family of GABA-gated Cl-/HCO3 - ion channels. They are assembled as heteropentamers from a family of subunits including: α (1-6), β(1-3), γ(1-3), δ, ε, π, θ and ρ(1-3). GABAARs together with the postsynaptic adhesion protein Neuroligin 2 (NL2) and many other pre- and post-synaptic proteins guide the initiation and functional maturation of inhibitory GABAergic synapses. This study examined how GABAARs and NL2 interact with each other to initiate the formation of synapses. Two functionally distinct GABAAR subtypes, the synaptic type α2β2γ2-GABAARs versus extrasynaptic type α4β3δ-GABAARs were expressed in HEK293 cells alone or together with NL2 and co-cultured with striatal GABAergic medium spiny neurons to enable innervation of HEK293 cells by GABAergic axons. When expressed alone, only the synaptic α2β2γ2-GABAARs induced innervation of HEK293 cells. However, when GABAARs were co-expressed with NL2, the effect on synapse formation exceeded the individual effects of these proteins indicating a synergistic interaction, with α2β2γ2-GABAAR/NL2 showing a significantly greater synaptogenic activity than α4β3δ-GABAAR/NL2 or NL2 alone. To investigate the molecular basis of this interaction, different combinations of GABAAR subunits and NL2 were co-expressed, and the degree of innervation and synaptic activity assessed, revealing a key role of the γ2 subunit. In biochemical assays, the interaction between NL2 and α2β2γ2-GABAAR was established and mapped to the large intracellular domain of the γ2 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Banghao Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin W. Nicholson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor G. Smart
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmina N. Jovanovic
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Lu Y, Yan J, Zhao H, Yang R, Pan J. Research advances in huntingtin-associated protein 1 and its application prospects in diseases. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1402996. [PMID: 38975245 PMCID: PMC11224548 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1402996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) was the first protein discovered to interact with huntingtin. Besides brain, HAP1 is also expressed in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, endocrine, and digestive systems. HAP1 has diverse functions involving in vesicular transport, receptor recycling, gene transcription, and signal transduction. HAP1 is strongly linked to several neurological diseases, including Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and depression. In addition, HAP1 has been proved to participate in cancers and diabetes mellitus. This article provides an overview of HAP1 regarding the tissue distribution, cell localization, functions, and offers fresh perspectives to investigate its role in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jingying Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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4
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Topchiy I, Mohbat J, Folorunso OO, Wang ZZ, Lazcano-Etchebarne C, Engin E. GABA system as the cause and effect in early development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105651. [PMID: 38579901 PMCID: PMC11081854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain and through its actions on GABAARs, it protects against excitotoxicity and seizure activity, ensures temporal fidelity of neurotransmission, and regulates concerted rhythmic activity of neuronal populations. In the developing brain, the development of GABAergic neurons precedes that of glutamatergic neurons and the GABA system serves as a guide and framework for the development of other brain systems. Despite this early start, the maturation of the GABA system also continues well into the early postnatal period. In this review, we organize evidence around two scenarios based on the essential and protracted nature of GABA system development: 1) disruptions in the development of the GABA system can lead to large scale disruptions in other developmental processes (i.e., GABA as the cause), 2) protracted maturation of this system makes it vulnerable to the effects of developmental insults (i.e., GABA as the effect). While ample evidence supports the importance of GABA/GABAAR system in both scenarios, large gaps in existing knowledge prevent strong mechanistic conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Topchiy
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Julie Mohbat
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Oluwarotimi O Folorunso
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ziyi Zephyr Wang
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Elif Engin
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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5
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Shumikhina SI, Kozhukhov SA, Bondar IV. Dose-dependent changes in orientation amplitude maps in the cat visual cortex after propofol bolus injections. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:224-240. [PMID: 38352699 PMCID: PMC10862412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A general intravenous anesthetic propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is widely used in clinical, veterinary practice and animal experiments. It activates gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABAa) receptors. Though the cerebral cortex is one of the major targets of propofol action, no study of dose dependency of propofol action on cat visual cortex was performed yet. Also, no such investigation was done until now using intrinsic signal optical imaging. Here, we report for the first time on the dependency of optical signal in the visual cortex (area 17/area 18) on the propofol dose. Optical imaging of intrinsic responses to visual stimuli was performed in cats before and after propofol bolus injections at different doses on the background of continuous propofol infusion. Orientation amplitude maps were recorded. We found that amplitude of optical signal significantly decreased after a bolus dose of propofol. The effect was dose- and time-dependent producing stronger suppression of optical signal under the highest bolus propofol doses and short time interval after injection. In each hemisphere, amplitude at cardinal and oblique orientations decreased almost equally. However, surprisingly, amplitude at cardinal orientations in the ipsilateral hemisphere was depressed stronger than in contralateral cortex at most time intervals. As the magnitude of optical signal represents the strength of orientation tuned component, these our data give new insights on the mechanisms of generation of orientation selectivity. Our results also provide new data toward understanding brain dynamics under anesthesia and suggest a recommendation for conducting intrinsic signal optical imaging experiments on cortical functioning under propofol anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I. Shumikhina
- Functional Neurocytology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerova Street, 117485 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A. Kozhukhov
- Physiology of Sensory Systems, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerova Street, 117485 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V. Bondar
- Physiology of Sensory Systems, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5a Butlerova Street, 117485 Moscow, Russian Federation
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6
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Tsai YC, Hleihil M, Otomo K, Abegg A, Cavaccini A, Panzanelli P, Cramer T, Ferrari KD, Barrett MJP, Bosshard G, Karayannis T, Weber B, Tyagarajan SK, Stobart JL. The gephyrin scaffold modulates cortical layer 2/3 pyramidal neuron responsiveness to single whisker stimulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4169. [PMID: 38379020 PMCID: PMC10879104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gephyrin is the main scaffolding protein at inhibitory postsynaptic sites, and its clusters are the signaling hubs where several molecular pathways converge. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of gephyrin alter GABAA receptor clustering at the synapse, but it is unclear how this affects neuronal activity at the circuit level. We assessed the contribution of gephyrin PTMs to microcircuit activity in the mouse barrel cortex by slice electrophysiology and in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal cells during single-whisker stimulation. Our results suggest that, depending on the type of gephyrin PTM, the neuronal activities of L2/3 pyramidal neurons can be differentially modulated, leading to changes in the size of the neuronal population responding to the single-whisker stimulation. Furthermore, we show that gephyrin PTMs have their preference for selecting synaptic GABAA receptor subunits. Our results identify an important role of gephyrin and GABAergic postsynaptic sites for cortical microcircuit function during sensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Hleihil
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kanako Otomo
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrin Abegg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Cavaccini
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Teresa Cramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kim David Ferrari
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J P Barrett
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Bosshard
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva K Tyagarajan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jillian L Stobart
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T5, Canada.
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7
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Thompson SM. Modulators of GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: past, present, and future. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:83-95. [PMID: 37709943 PMCID: PMC10700661 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acts at ionotropic GABAA receptors to counterbalance excitation and regulate neuronal firing. GABAA receptors are heteropentameric channels comprised from subunits derived from 19 different genes. GABAA receptors have one of the richest and well-developed pharmacologies of any therapeutic drug target, including agonists, antagonists, and positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs, NAMs). Currently used PAMs include benzodiazepine sedatives and anxiolytics, barbiturates, endogenous and synthetic neurosteroids, and general anesthetics. In this article, I will review evidence that these drugs act at several distinct binding sites and how they can be used to alter the balance between excitation and inhibition. I will also summarize existing literature regarding (1) evidence that changes in GABAergic inhibition play a causative role in major depression, anxiety, postpartum depression, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and schizophrenia and (2) whether and how GABAergic drugs exert beneficial effects in these conditions, focusing on human studies where possible. Where these classical therapeutics have failed to exert benefits, I will describe recent advances in clinical and preclinical drug development. I will also highlight opportunities to advance a generation of GABAergic therapeutics, such as development of subunit-selective PAMs and NAMs, that are engendering hope for novel tools to treat these devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Thompson
- Center for Novel Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Kasaragod VB, Malinauskas T, Wahid AA, Lengyel J, Knoflach F, Hardwick SW, Jones CF, Chen WN, Lucas X, El Omari K, Chirgadze DY, Aricescu AR, Cecere G, Hernandez MC, Miller PS. The molecular basis of drug selectivity for α5 subunit-containing GABA A receptors. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1936-1946. [PMID: 37903907 PMCID: PMC10716045 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors represent a promising drug target for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Altered expression and function contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders such as Dup15q and Angelman syndromes, developmental epilepsy and autism. Effective drug action without side effects is dependent on both α5-subtype selectivity and the strength of the positive or negative allosteric modulation (PAM or NAM). Here we solve structures of drugs bound to the α5 subunit. These define the molecular basis of binding and α5 selectivity of the β-carboline, methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate (DMCM), type II benzodiazepine NAMs, and a series of isoxazole NAMs and PAMs. For the isoxazole series, each molecule appears as an 'upper' and 'lower' moiety in the pocket. Structural data and radioligand binding data reveal a positional displacement of the upper moiety containing the isoxazole between the NAMs and PAMs. Using a hybrid molecule we directly measure the functional contribution of the upper moiety to NAM versus PAM activity. Overall, these structures provide a framework by which to understand distinct modulator binding modes and their basis of α5-subtype selectivity, appreciate structure-activity relationships, and empower future structure-based drug design campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Babu Kasaragod
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ayla A Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith Lengyel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Knoflach
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven W Hardwick
- CryoEM Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Wan-Na Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xavier Lucas
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kamel El Omari
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Dimitri Y Chirgadze
- CryoEM Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Radu Aricescu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giuseppe Cecere
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria-Clemencia Hernandez
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Paul S Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Jazaeri SZ, Taghizadeh G, Babaei JF, Goudarzi S, Saadatmand P, Joghataei MT, Khanahmadi Z. Aquaporin 4 beyond a water channel; participation in motor, sensory, cognitive and psychological performances, a comprehensive review. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114353. [PMID: 37714320 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a protein highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as various other organs, whose different sites of action indicate its importance in various functions. AQP4 has a variety of essential roles beyond water homeostasis. In this article, we have for the first time summarized different roles of AQP4 in motor and sensory functions, besides cognitive and psychological performances, and most importantly, possible physiological mechanisms by which AQP4 can exert its effects. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AQP4 participates in pathology of different neurological disorders, various effects depending on the disease type. Since neurological diseases involve a spectrum of dysfunctions and due to the difficulty of obtaining a treatment that can simultaneously affect these deficits, it is therefore suggested that future studies consider the role of this protein in different functional impairments related to neurological disorders simultaneously or separately by targeting AQP4 expression and/or polarity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Zohreh Jazaeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorban Taghizadeh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Fahanik Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Goudarzi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Saadatmand
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Zohreh Khanahmadi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Services, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Liu M, Du Z, Lu Y, Sun P, Han J. Identification of novel and de novo GABRB1 mutation in Chinese patient with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 45. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2023; 12:234-240. [PMID: 38024579 PMCID: PMC10680165 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2023.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 45 (DEE45) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by variation in the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta 1 (GABRB1) gene. Affected individuals have severely impaired intellectual development, hypotonia, and other persistent neurological deficits. However, DEE45 is rare; only four infants with DEE45 have been reported worldwide and no case has been reported in China. Confirming a diagnosis of DEE45 is of great significance for guiding further treatment, assessing patient prognosis, and genetic counseling. The clinical characteristics of DEE45 and the medical history of DEE45 patients requires supplementation and clarification. Here, we present the clinical and genetic findings of a 7-year-old girl with DEE45 carrying a novel de novo GABRB1 mutation (c.858_859delinsTT, p.286_287delinsIleSer) identified by whole exome sequencing (WES). The mutation is phylogenetic conserved in the second helix of the β1-subunit's transmembrane region. Western blot and RT-qPCR both indicated significant increase in the expression levels of GABRB1 mutant when compared with wild. The proband has epileptic encephalopathy and experienced refractory epilepsy onset at age 2 months and showed developmental delay at age 8 months. Electroencephalography (EEG) displayed hypsarrhythmia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no significant abnormalities in the internal structure of the patient's brain, which is displayed in two previously reported cases. The patient's symptoms of hypotonia, ataxia, profound mental retardation, and dysmetria became evident with development. In summary, we report the genetic and clinical characteristics of the first Chinese patient with DEE45 and explores the relationship between mutation and clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Meilin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoli Du
- Yinfeng Gene Technology Company Limited, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Souza AJ, Sharmin D, Cook JM, Guimarães FS, Gomes FV. An alpha 5-GABAa receptor positive allosteric modulator attenuates social and cognitive deficits without changing dopamine system hyperactivity in an animal model for autism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554679. [PMID: 37662217 PMCID: PMC10473734 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by core behavioral symptoms in the domains of sociability, language/communication, and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors. Deficits in the prefrontal and hippocampal excitatory/inhibitory balance due to a functional loss of GABAergic interneurons are proposed to underlie these symptoms. Increasing the postsynaptic effects of GABA with compounds that selectively modulate GABAergic receptors could be a potential target for treating ASD symptoms. In addition, deficits in GABAergic interneurons have been linked to dopamine (DA) system dysregulation, and, despite conflicting evidence, abnormalities in the DA system activity may underly some ASD symptoms. Here, we investigated whether the positive allosteric modulator of α5-containing GABA A receptors (α5-GABA A Rs) SH-053-2'F-R-CH3 (10 mg/kg) attenuates behavioral abnormalities in a rat model for autism based on in utero VPA exposure. We also evaluated if animals exposed to VPA in utero present changes in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA system activity using in vivo electrophysiology and if SH-053-2'F-R-CH3 could attenuate these changes. In utero VPA exposure caused male and female rats to present increased repetitive behavior (self-grooming) in early adolescence and deficits in social interaction in adulthood. Male, but not female VPA rats, also presented deficits in recognition memory as adults. SH-053-2'F-R-CH3 attenuated the impairments in sociability and cognitive function in male VPA-exposed rats without attenuating the decreased social interaction in females. Male and female adult VPA-exposed rats also showed an increased VTA DA neuron population activity, which was not changed by SH-053-2'F-R-CH3. Despite sex differences, our findings indicate α5-GABA A Rs positive allosteric modulators may effectively attenuate some core ASD symptoms.
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Zhang L, Shi W, Liu J, Chen K, Zhang G, Zhang S, Cong B, Li Y. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Regulates GABAA Receptors in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Nucleus (DMH) through Activation of the JAK/STAT Pathway to Affect Heart Rate Variability in Stressed Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12985. [PMID: 37629166 PMCID: PMC10455568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsomedial hypothalamus nucleus (DMH) is an important component of the autonomic nervous system and plays a critical role in regulating the sympathetic outputs of the heart. Stress alters the neuronal activity of the DMH, affecting sympathetic outputs and triggering heart rate variability. However, the specific molecular mechanisms behind stress leading to abnormal DMH neuronal activity have still not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in the present study, we successfully constructed a stressed rat model and used it to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms by which IL-6 regulates GABAA receptors in the DMH through activation of the JAK/STAT pathway and thus affects heart rate variability in rats. By detecting the c-Fos expression of neurons in the DMH and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in rats, we clarified the relationship between abnormal DMH neuronal activity and heart rate variability in stressed rats. Then, using ELISA, immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and RNAscope, we further explored the correlation between the IL-6/JAK/STAT signaling pathway and GABAA receptors. The data showed that an increase in IL-6 induced by stress inhibited GABAA receptors in DMH neurons by activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, while specific inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway using AG490 obviously reduced DMH neuronal activity and improved heart rate variability in rats. These findings suggest that IL-6 regulates the expression of GABAA receptors via the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in the DMH, which may be an important cause of heart rate variability in stressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Cong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (L.Z.); (W.S.); (J.L.); (K.C.); (G.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yingmin Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; (L.Z.); (W.S.); (J.L.); (K.C.); (G.Z.); (S.Z.)
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LeDuke DO, Borio M, Miranda R, Tye KM. Anxiety and depression: A top-down, bottom-up model of circuit function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1525:70-87. [PMID: 37129246 PMCID: PMC10695657 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A functional interplay of bottom-up and top-down processing allows an individual to appropriately respond to the dynamic environment around them. These processing modalities can be represented as attractor states using a dynamical systems model of the brain. The transition probability to move from one attractor state to another is dependent on the stability, depth, neuromodulatory tone, and tonic changes in plasticity. However, how does the relationship between these states change in disease states, such as anxiety or depression? We describe bottom-up and top-down processing from Marr's computational-algorithmic-implementation perspective to understand depressive and anxious disease states. We illustrate examples of bottom-up processing as basolateral amygdala signaling and projections and top-down processing as medial prefrontal cortex internal signaling and projections. Understanding these internal processing dynamics can help us better model the multifaceted elements of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deryn O. LeDuke
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matilde Borio
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Raymundo Miranda
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kay M. Tye
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Brain and Mind, La Jolla, California, USA
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14
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Bonet-Fernández JM, Tranque P, Aroca-Aguilar JD, Muñoz LJ, López DE, Escribano J, de Cabo C. Seizures regulate the cation-Cl - cotransporter NKCC1 in a hamster model of epilepsy: implications for GABA neurotransmission. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1207616. [PMID: 37448751 PMCID: PMC10338185 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1207616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The balance between the activity of the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1) that introduces Cl- into the cell and the K+/Cl- cotransporter (KCC2) that transports Cl- outside the cell is critical in determining the inhibitory or excitatory outcome of GABA release. Mounting evidence suggests that the impairment of GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, both in patients and animal models. Previous studies indicate that decreased KCC2 expression is linked to audiogenic seizures in GASH/Sal hamsters, highlighting that Cl- imbalance can cause neuronal hyperexcitability. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter NKCC1 is also affected by audiogenic seizures and could, therefore, play a role in neuronal hyperexcitability within the GASH/Sal epilepsy model. Methods NKCC1 protein expression in both the GASH/Sal strain and wild type hamsters was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting techniques. Brain regions examined included cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, inferior colliculus and pons-medulla oblongata, which were evaluated both at rest and after sound-inducing seizures in GASH/Sal hamsters. A complementary analysis of NKCC1 gene slc12a2 expression was conducted by real-time PCR. Finally, protein and mRNA levels of glutamate decarboxylase GAD67 were measured as an indicator of GABA release. Results The induction of seizures caused significant changes in NKCC1 expression in epileptic GASH/Sal hamsters, despite the similar brain expression pattern of NKCC1 in GASH/Sal and wild type hamsters in the absence of seizures. Interestingly, the regulation of brain NKCC1 by seizures demonstrated regional specificity, as protein levels exclusively increased in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Complementary real-time PCR analysis revealed that NKCC1 regulation was post-transcriptional only in the hypothalamus. In addition, seizures also modulated GAD67 mRNA levels in a brain region-specific manner. The increased GAD67 expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of the epileptic hamster brain suggests that NKCC1 upregulation overlaps with GABA release in these regions during seizures. Conclusions Our results indicate that seizure induction causes dysregulation of NKCC1 expression in GASH/Sal animals, which overlaps with changes in GABA release. These observations provide evidence for the critical role of NKCC1 in how seizures affect neuronal excitability, and support NKCC1 contribution to the development of secondary foci of epileptogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Manuel Bonet-Fernández
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Research Department, Albacete General Hospital, Albacete, Spain
- Biomedical Instrumentation Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Pedro Tranque
- Biomedical Instrumentation Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jose Daniel Aroca-Aguilar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine/Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luis J. Muñoz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dolores E. López
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Julio Escribano
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine/Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carlos de Cabo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Research Department, Albacete General Hospital, Albacete, Spain
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15
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Biosca-Brull J, Guardia-Escote L, Basaure P, Cabré M, Blanco J, Pérez-Fernández C, Sánchez-Santed F, Domingo JL, Colomina MT. Exposure to chlorpyrifos during pregnancy differentially affects social behavior and GABA signaling elements in an APOE- and sex-dependent manner in a transgenic mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115461. [PMID: 36796608 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The massive use of chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been associated with an increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some previous studies have shown that prenatal, but not postnatal, CPF exposure causes social behavior deficits in mice depending on sex while others have found that in transgenic mice models carrying the human apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε3 and ε4 allele confer different vulnerabilities to either behavioral or metabolic disorders after CPF exposure. This study aims to evaluate, in both sexes, how prenatal CPF exposure and APOE genotype impact on social behavior and its relation to changes in GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. For this purpose, apoE3 and apoE4 transgenic mice were exposed through the diet to 0 or 1 mg/kg/day of CPF, between gestational day 12 and 18. A three-chamber test was used to assess social behavior on postnatal day (PND) 45. Then, mice were sacrificed, and hippocampal samples were analyzed to study the gene expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic elements. Results showed that prenatal exposure to CPF impaired social novelty preference and increased the expression of GABA-A α1 subunit in females of both genotypes. In addition, the expression of GAD1, the ionic cotransporter KCC2 and the GABA-A α2 and α5 subunits were increased in apoE3 mice, whereas CPF treatment only accentuated the expression of GAD1 and KCC2. Nevertheless, future research is needed to evaluate whether the influences detected in the GABAergic system are present and functionally relevant in adults and old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Biosca-Brull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain.
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pia Basaure
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Cabré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristian Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, Health Research Center (CEINSA), Almeria University, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Colomina
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Reus, Spain.
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16
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Groisman AI, Aguilar-Arredondo A, Giacomini D, Schinder AF. Neuroligin-2 controls the establishment of fast GABAergic transmission in adult-born granule cells. Hippocampus 2023; 33:424-441. [PMID: 36709408 PMCID: PMC11342305 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
GABAergic inhibition is critical for the precision of neuronal spiking and the homeostatic regulation of network activity in the brain. Adult neurogenesis challenges network homeostasis because new granule cells (GCs) integrate continuously in the functional dentate gyrus. While developing, adult-born GCs undergo a transient state of enhanced excitability due to the delayed maturation of perisomatic GABAergic inhibition by parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs). The mechanisms underlying this delayed synaptic maturation remain unknown. We examined the morphology and function of synapses formed by PV-INs onto new GCs over a 2-month interval in young adult mice, and investigated the influence of the synaptic adhesion molecule neuroligin-2 (NL2). Perisomatic appositions of PV-IN terminals onto new GCs were conspicuous at 2 weeks and continued to grow in size to reach a plateau over the fourth week. Postsynaptic knockdown of NL2 by expression of a short-hairpin RNA (shNL2) in new GCs resulted in smaller size of synaptic contacts, reduced area of perisomatic appositions of the vesicular GABA transporter VGAT, and the number of presynaptic active sites. GCs expressing shNL2 displayed spontaneous GABAergic responses with decreased frequency and amplitude, as well as slower kinetics compared to control GCs. In addition, postsynaptic responses evoked by optogenetic stimulation of PV-INs exhibited slow kinetics, increased paired-pulse ratio and coefficient of variation in GCs with NL2 knockdown, suggesting a reduction in the number of active synapses as well as in the probability of neurotransmitter release (Pr ). Our results demonstrate that synapses formed by PV-INs on adult-born GCs continue to develop beyond the point of anatomical growth, and require NL2 for the structural and functional maturation that accompanies the conversion into fast GABAergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén I Groisman
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Damiana Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Schinder
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Therapeutic Implications of microRNAs in Depressive Disorders: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113530. [PMID: 36362315 PMCID: PMC9658840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are hidden players in complex psychophysical phenomena such as depression and anxiety related disorders though the activation and deactivation of multiple proteins in signaling cascades. Depression is classified as a mood disorder and described as feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that interfere with a person’s everyday activities. In this review, we have focused on exploration of the significant role of miRNAs in depression by affecting associated target proteins (cellular and synaptic) and their signaling pathways which can be controlled by the attachment of miRNAs at transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, miRNAs have potential role as biomarkers and may help to cure depression through involvement and interactions with multiple pharmacological and physiological therapies. Taken together, miRNAs might be considered as promising novel therapy targets themselves and may interfere with currently available antidepressant treatments.
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18
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Control of cell surface expression of GABA A receptors by a conserved region at the end of the N-terminal extracellular domain of receptor subunits. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102590. [PMID: 36244453 PMCID: PMC9672411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAARs) represent a family of pentameric GABA-gated Cl-/HCO3- ion channels which mediate inhibitory transmission in the central nervous system. Cell surface expression of GABAARs, a prerequisite for their function, is dependent on the appropriate assembly of the receptor subunits and their transient interactions with molecular chaperones within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Here, we describe a highly conserved amino acid sequence within the extracellular N-terminal domain of the receptor subunits adjoining the first transmembrane domain as a region important for GABAAR processing within the ER. Modifications of this region in the α1, β3, and γ2 subunits using insertion or site-directed mutagenesis impaired GABAAR trafficking to the cell surface in heterologous cell systems although they had no effect on the subunit assembly. We found that mutated receptors accumulated in the ER where they were shown to associate with chaperones calnexin, BiP, and Grp94. However, their surface expression was increased when ER-associated degradation or proteosome function was inhibited, while modulation of ER calcium stores had little effect. When compared to the wt, mutated receptors showed decreased interaction with calnexin, similar binding to BiP, and increased association with Grp94. Structural modeling of calnexin interaction with the wt or mutated GABAAR revealed that disruption in structure caused by mutations in the conserved region adjoining the first transmembrane domain may impair calnexin binding. Thus, this previously uncharacterized region plays an important role in intracellular processing of GABAARs at least in part by stabilizing their interaction with calnexin.
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19
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Alanazi M, Arafa WA, Althobaiti IO, Altaleb HA, Bakr RB, Elkanzi NAA. Green Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Quinoxaline Derivatives with Insecticidal Potential against Aphis craccivora. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27674-27689. [PMID: 35967065 PMCID: PMC9366785 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally friendly method was established for designing novel 3-amino-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile (1) via the reaction of bromomalononitrile and benzene-1,2-diamine under microwave irradiation in an excellent yield (93%). This targeted amino derivative was utilized for the construction of a series of Schiff bases (8-13). A new series of thiazolidinone derivatives (15-20) were synthesized in high yields (89-96%) via treatment of thioglycolic acid with Schiff bases (8-13) under microwave irradiation in high yields (89-96%). Moreover, new pyrimidine derivatives (26-30 and 35-38) were prepared by treatment of compound 1 with arylidenes (21-25) and/or alkylidenemalononitriles (31-34) using piperidine as a basic catalyst under microwave conditions. Based on elemental analyses and spectral data, the structures of the new assembled compounds were determined. The newly synthesized quinoxaline derivatives were screened and studied as an insecticidal agent against Aphis craccivora. The obtained results indicate that compound 16 is the most toxicological agent against nymphs of cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora) compared to the other synthesized pyrimidine and thiazolidinone derivatives. The molecular docking study of the new quinoxaline derivatives registered that compound 16 had the highest binding score (-10.54 kcal/mol) and the thiazolidinone moiety formed hydrogen bonds with Trp143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam
Azzam Alanazi
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A.A. Arafa
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, P.O. Box 63514, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim O. Althobaiti
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamud A. Altaleb
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania B. Bakr
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Nadia A. A. Elkanzi
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, P.O. Box 81528, Aswan 81528, Egypt
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20
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Sun Y, Peng Z, Wei X, Zhang N, Huang CS, Wallner M, Mody I, Houser CR. Virally-induced expression of GABAA receptor δ subunits following their pathological loss reveals their role in regulating GABAA receptor assembly. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 218:102337. [PMID: 35934131 PMCID: PMC10091858 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Decreased expression of the δ subunit of the GABAA receptor (GABAAR) has been found in the dentate gyrus in several animal models of epilepsy and other disorders with increased excitability and is associated with altered modulation of tonic inhibition in dentate granule cells (GCs). In contrast, other GABAAR subunits, including α4 and γ2 subunits, are increased, but the relationship between these changes is unclear. The goals of this study were to determine if viral transfection of δ subunits in dentate GCs could increase δ subunit expression, alter expression of potentially-related GABAAR subunits, and restore more normal network excitability in the dentate gyrus in a mouse model of epilepsy. Pilocarpine-induced seizures were elicited in DOCK10-Cre mice that express Cre selectively in dentate GCs, and two weeks later the mice were injected unilaterally with a Cre-dependent δ-GABAAR viral vector. At 4-6 weeks following transfection, δ subunit immunolabeling was substantially increased in dentate GCs on the transfected side compared to the nontransfected side. Importantly, α4 and γ2 subunit labeling was downregulated on the transfected side. Electrophysiological studies revealed enhanced tonic inhibition, decreased network excitability, and increased neurosteroid sensitivity in slices from the δ subunit-transfected side compared to those from the nontransfected side of the same pilocarpine-treated animal, consistent with the formation of δ subunit-containing GABAARs. No differences were observed between sides of eYFP-transfected animals. These findings are consistent with the idea that altering expression of key subunits, such as the δ subunit, regulates GABAAR subunit assemblies, resulting in substantial effects on network excitability.
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21
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Kudryashova IV. Inhibitory Control of Short-Term Plasticity during Paired Pulse Stimulation Depends on Actin Polymerization. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Michalettos G, Ruscher K. Crosstalk Between GABAergic Neurotransmission and Inflammatory Cascades in the Post-ischemic Brain: Relevance for Stroke Recovery. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:807911. [PMID: 35401118 PMCID: PMC8983863 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.807911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive plasticity processes are required involving neurons as well as non-neuronal cells to recover lost brain functions after an ischemic stroke. Recent studies show that gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has profound effects on glial and immune cell functions in addition to its inhibitory actions on neuronal circuits in the post-ischemic brain. Here, we provide an overview of how GABAergic neurotransmission changes during the first weeks after stroke and how GABA affects functions of astroglial and microglial cells as well as peripheral immune cell populations accumulating in the ischemic territory and brain regions remote to the lesion. Moreover, we will summarize recent studies providing data on the immunomodulatory actions of GABA of relevance for stroke recovery. Interestingly, the activation of GABA receptors on immune cells exerts a downregulation of detrimental anti-inflammatory cascades. Conversely, we will discuss studies addressing how specific inflammatory cascades affect GABAergic neurotransmission on the level of GABA receptor composition, GABA synthesis, and release. In particular, the chemokines CXCR4 and CX3CR1 pathways have been demonstrated to modulate receptor composition and synthesis. Together, the actual view on the interactions between GABAergic neurotransmission and inflammatory cascades points towards a specific crosstalk in the post-ischemic brain. Similar to what has been shown in experimental models, specific therapeutic modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission and inflammatory pathways may synergistically promote neuronal plasticity to enhance stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Michalettos
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- LUBIN Lab—Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Karsten Ruscher
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23
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Midazolam at low nanomolar concentrations affects long-term potentiation and synaptic transmission predominantly via the α1-GABAA receptor subunit in mice. Anesthesiology 2022; 136:954-969. [PMID: 35285894 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Midazolam amplifies synaptic inhibition via different GABAA receptor subtypes defined by the presence of α1, α2, α3 or α5-subunits in the channel complex. Midazolam blocks long-term potentiation and produces postoperative amnesia. The aims of this study were to identify the GABAA receptor subtypes targeted by midazolam responsible for affecting CA1-long-term potentiation and synaptic inhibition in neocortical neurons. METHODS The effects of midazolam on hippocampal CA1-long-term potentiation were studied in acutely prepared brain slices of male and female mice. Positive allosteric modulation on GABAA receptor-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents was investigated in organotypic slice cultures of the mouse neocortex. In both experiments, wild-type mice and GABAA receptor knock-in mouse lines were compared in which α1-, α5-, α1/2/3-, α1/3/5- and α2/3/5-GABAA receptor subtypes had been rendered benzodiazepine-insensitive. RESULTS Midazolam 10nM completely blocked long-term potentiation (midazolam mean±SD 98±11%, n=14/8 (slices/mice) vs. control 156±19%, n=20/12; p<0.001). Experiments in slices of α1-, α5-, α1/2/3-, α1/3/5- and α2/3/5-knock-in mice revealed a dominant role for the α1-GABAA receptor subtype in the long-term potentiation suppressing effect.In slices from wild-type mice, midazolam increased (mean±SD) charge transfer of miniature synaptic events concentration-dependently, 50nM: 172±71% (n=10/6) vs. 500nM: 236±54% (n=6/6), p=0.041. In α2/3/5-knock-in mice, charge transfer of miniature synaptic events did not further enhance when applying 500nM midazolam, 50nM: 171±62% (n=8/6) vs. 500nM: 175±62% (n=6/6), p=0.454) indicating two different binding affinities for midazolam to α2/3/5- and α1-subunits. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate a predominant role of α1-GABAA receptors in the actions of midazolam at low nanomolar concentrations. At higher concentrations, midazolam also enhances other GABAA receptor subtypes. α1-GABAA receptors may already contribute at sedative doses to the phenomenon of postoperative amnesia that has been reported after midazolam administration.
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Distinct sex-dependent behavioral responses induced by two positive allosteric modulators of alpha 5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Behav Brain Res 2022; 428:113832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zizzo MG, Cicio A, Raimondo S, Alessandro R, Serio R. Age-related differences of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission in human colonic smooth muscle. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14248. [PMID: 34432349 PMCID: PMC9285353 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric neurons undergo to functional changes during aging. We investigated the possible age-associated differences in enteric γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission evaluating function and distribution of GABAergic receptors in human colon. METHODS Mechanical responses to GABA and GABA receptor agonists on slow phasic contractions were examined in vitro as changes in isometric tension in colonic muscle strips from young (<65 years old) and aged patients (>65 years old). GABAergic receptor expression was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS In both preparations GABA induced an excitatory effect, consisting in an increase in the basal tone, antagonized by the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, and potentiated by phaclofen, GABAB receptor antagonist.Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and atropine-sensitive contractile responses to GABA and GABAA receptor agonist, muscimol, were more pronounced in old compared to young subjects. Baclofen, GABAB receptor agonist, induced a TTX-sensitive reduction of the amplitude of the spontaneous. Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor abolished the inhibitory responses in old preparations, but a residual responses persisted in young preparations, which in turn was abolished by suramin, purinergic receptor antagonist. α3-GABAA receptor subunit expression tends to change in an age-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Our results reveal age-related differences in GABAergic transmission in human colon. At all the age tested GABA regulates muscular contractility modulating the activity of the intrinsic neurons. Activation of GABAA receptor, through acetylcholine release, induces contraction, which increases in amplitude with age. GABAB receptor activation leads to neural release of NO and purines, being a loss of purinergic-component in aged group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF)University of PalermoViale delle Scienze,ed 16Palermo90128Italy,ATeN (Advanced Technologies Network) CenterUniversity of PalermoViale delle Scienze, ed 18Palermo90128Italy
| | - Adele Cicio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF)University of PalermoViale delle Scienze,ed 16Palermo90128Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D)University of PalermoSection of Biology and GeneticsPalermo90133Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D)University of PalermoSection of Biology and GeneticsPalermo90133Italy
| | - Rosa Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF)University of PalermoViale delle Scienze,ed 16Palermo90128Italy
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Barnaby W, Dorman Barclay HE, Nagarkar A, Perkins M, Teicher G, Trapani JG, Downes GB. GABAA α subunit control of hyperactive behavior in developing zebrafish. Genetics 2022; 220:6519832. [PMID: 35106556 PMCID: PMC8982038 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAA receptors mediate rapid responses to the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid and are robust regulators of the brain and spinal cord neural networks that control locomotor behaviors, such as walking and swimming. In developing zebrafish, gross pharmacological blockade of these receptors causes hyperactive swimming, which is also a feature of many zebrafish epilepsy models. Although GABAA receptors are important to control locomotor behavior, the large number of subunits and homeostatic compensatory mechanisms have challenged efforts to determine subunit-selective roles. To address this issue, we mutated each of the 8 zebrafish GABAA α subunit genes individually and in pairs using a CRISPR-Cas9 somatic inactivation approach and, then, we examined the swimming behavior of the mutants at 2 developmental stages, 48 and 96 h postfertilization. We found that disrupting the expression of specific pairs of subunits resulted in different abnormalities in swimming behavior at 48 h postfertilization. Mutation of α4 and α5 selectively resulted in longer duration swimming episodes, mutations in α3 and α4 selectively caused excess, large-amplitude body flexions (C-bends), and mutation of α3 and α5 resulted in increases in both of these measures of hyperactivity. At 96 h postfertilization, hyperactive phenotypes were nearly absent, suggesting that homeostatic compensation was able to overcome the disruption of even multiple subunits. Taken together, our results identify subunit-selective roles for GABAA α3, α4, and α5 in regulating locomotion. Given that these subunits exhibit spatially restricted expression patterns, these results provide a foundation to identify neurons and GABAergic networks that control discrete aspects of locomotor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Barnaby
- Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA,Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Akanksha Nagarkar
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Matthew Perkins
- Biology Department and Neuroscience Program, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Gregory Teicher
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA,Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Josef G Trapani
- Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA,Biology Department and Neuroscience Program, Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Gerald B Downes
- Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA,Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA,Corresponding author: Biology Department, Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, and Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, 611 North Pleasant St., Morrill Science Center, Building 4 North, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Belelli D, Phillips GD, Atack JR, Lambert JJ. Relating neurosteroid modulation of inhibitory neurotransmission to behaviour. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13045. [PMID: 34644812 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies in the 1980s revealed endogenous metabolites of progesterone and deoxycorticosterone to be potent, efficacious, positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the GABAA receptor (GABAA R). The discovery that such steroids are locally synthesised in the central nervous system (CNS) promoted the thesis that neural inhibition in the CNS may be "fine-tuned" by these neurosteroids to influence behaviour. In preclinical studies, these neurosteroids exhibited anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, analgesic and sedative properties and, at relatively high doses, induced a state of general anaesthesia, a profile consistent with their interaction with GABAA Rs. However, realising the therapeutic potential of either endogenous neurosteroids or synthetic "neuroactive" steroids has proven challenging. Recent approval by the Food and Drug Administration of the use of allopregnanolone (brexanolone) to treat postpartum depression has rekindled enthusiasm for exploring their potential as new medicines. Although neurosteroids are selective for GABAA Rs, they exhibit little or no selectivity across the many GABAA R subtypes. Nevertheless, a relatively minor population of receptors incorporating the δ-subunit (δ-GABAA Rs) appears to be an important contributor to their behavioural effects. Here, we consider how neurosteroids acting upon GABAA Rs influence neuronal signalling, as well as how such effects may acutely and persistently influence behaviour, and explore the case for developing selective PAMs of δ-GABAA R subtypes for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Belelli
- Neuroscience, Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Grant D Phillips
- Neuroscience, Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - John R Atack
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy J Lambert
- Neuroscience, Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Luquin E, Paternain B, Zugasti I, Santomá C, Mengual E. Stereological estimations and neurochemical characterization of neurons expressing GABAA and GABAB receptors in the rat pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:89-110. [PMID: 34510281 PMCID: PMC8741722 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To better understand GABAergic transmission at two targets of basal ganglia downstream projections, the pedunculopontine (PPN) and laterodorsal (LDT) tegmental nuclei, the anatomical localization of GABAA and GABAB receptors was investigated in both nuclei. Specifically, the total number of neurons expressing the GABAA receptor γ2 subunit (GABAAR γ2) and the GABAB receptor R2 subunit (GABAB R2) in PPN and LDT was estimated using stereological methods, and the neurochemical phenotype of cells expressing each subunit was also determined. The mean number of non-cholinergic cells expressing GABAAR γ2 was 9850 ± 1856 in the PPN and 8285 ± 962 in the LDT, whereas those expressing GABAB R2 were 7310 ± 1970 and 9170 ± 1900 in the PPN and LDT, respectively. In addition, all cholinergic neurons in both nuclei co-expressed GABAAR γ2 and 95-98% of them co-expressed GABAB R2. Triple labeling using in situ hybridization revealed that 77% of GAD67 mRNA-positive cells in the PPT and 49% in the LDT expressed GABAAR γ2, while 90% (PPN) and 65% (LDT) of Vglut2 mRNA-positive cells also expressed GABAAR γ2. In contrast, a similar proportion (~2/3) of glutamatergic and GABAergic cells co-expressed GABAB R2 in both nuclei. The heterogeneous distribution of GABAAR and GABABR among non-cholinergic cells in PPN and LDT may give rise to physiological differences within each neurochemical subpopulation. In addition, the dissimilar proportion of GABAAR γ2-expressing glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the PPN and LDT may contribute to some of the functional differences found between the two nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Luquin
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Paternain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inés Zugasti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Santomá
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Mengual
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Ed. Los Castaños, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Ghosh AK, Chowdhury M, Kumar Das P. Nipecotic-Acid-Tethered, Naphthalene-Diimide-Based, Orange-Emitting Organic Nanoparticles as Targeted Delivery Vehicle and Diagnostic Probe toward GABA A-Receptor-Enriched Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7563-7577. [PMID: 35006693 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This article demonstrates target-specific cellular imaging of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptor (GABAAR)-enriched cells (SH-SY5Y and A549) with therapeutic efficacy by naphthalene diimide (NDI)-derived fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs). Self-assembly-driven formation of spherical organic particles by nipecotic-acid-tethered l-aspartic acid appended NDI derivative (NDI-nip) took place in DMSO-water through J-type aggregation. NDI-nip having a naphthyl residue and a nipecotic acid unit at both terminals exhibited aggregation-induced emission (AIE) at and above 60% water content in DMSO because of excimer formation at λem = 579 nm. The orange-emitting NDI-nip FONPs (1:99 v/v DMSO-water) having excellent cell viability and high photostability were used for selective bioimaging and killing of GABAAR-overexpressed cancer cells through target-specific delivery of the anticancer drug curcumin. The fluorescence intensity of NDI-nip FONPs were quenched in GABAAR-enriched neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) and cancerous cells (A549). Notably, in the presence of GABA, the NDI-nip FONPs exhibited their native fluorescence within the same cell lines. Importantly, no such quenching and regaining of NDI-nip FONP emission in the presence of GABA was noted in the case of the noncancerous cell NIH3T3. The killing efficiency of curcumin-loaded NDI-nip FONPs ([curcumin] = 100 μM and [NDI-nip FONPs] = 50 μM) was significantly higher in the cases of SH-SY5Y (88 ± 3%) and A549 (72 ± 2%) than in NIH3T3 (37 ± 2). The presence of a nipecotic acid moiety facilitated the selective cellular internalization of NDI-nip FONPs into GABAAR-overexpressing cells. Hence, these orange-emitting NDI-nip FONPs may be exploited as a targeted diagnostic probe as well as a drug delivery vehicle for GABAAR-enriched cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Monalisa Chowdhury
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Das
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Chai Y, Lu Y, Yang L, Qiu J, Qin C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Qi G, Liu C, Zhang X, Li D, Zhu H. Identification and potential functions of tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105881. [PMID: 34509631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IBS-D is a functional bowel disease without clear diagnostic markers and exact pathogenesis. Studies have proved that non-coding RNAs participate in IBS-D. However, tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), as a new type of non-coding RNAs that are more suitable as markers, remain to be clarified in IBS-D. Hence, we focused on the identification and potential functions of tsRNAs in IBS-D. Intestinal biopsies were obtained from IBS-D patients and healthy volunteers, and twenty-eight differential tsRNAs were screened by high-throughput sequencing. The changes of tiRNA-His-GTG-001, tRF-Ser-GCT-113, and tRF-Gln-TTG-035 by q-PCR in expanded samples were consistent with the sequencing results. Meanwhile, target gene prediction and bioinformatics showed that the three differential tsRNAs may be involved in some key signal pathways, such as GABAergic synapse, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), etc. Their regulation on target genes were demonstrated through cell experiments and luciferase reporter assays. In addition, the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the three tsRNAs all could be used as candidate markers of IBS-D. The correlation analysis indicated they were related to the degree of abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and stool morphology. So, we believe that the abnormal tiRNA-His-GTG-001, tRF-Ser-GCT-113, and tRF-Gln-TTG-035 are related to the clinical symptoms of IBS-D, and can target regulate the important molecules of the brain-gut axis, even could be expected as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Chai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Digestive department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jianli Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chongzhen Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hip Disease Research and Treatment Center, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471002, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Guangzhao Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chengye Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang Dongfang Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Duolu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - He Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China.
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Xu J, Zhou Y, Yan C, Wang X, Lou J, Luo Y, Gao S, Wang J, Wu L, Gao X, Shao A. Neurosteroids: A novel promise for the treatment of stroke and post-stroke complications. J Neurochem 2021; 160:113-127. [PMID: 34482541 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the primary reason for death and disability worldwide, with few treatment strategies to date. Neurosteroids, which are natural molecules in the brain, have aroused great interest in the field of stroke. Neurosteroids are a kind of steroid that acts on the nervous system, and are synthesized in the mitochondria of neurons or glial cells using cholesterol or other steroidal precursors. Neurosteroids mainly include estrogen, progesterone (PROG), allopregnanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and vitamin D (VD). Most of the preclinical studies have confirmed that neurosteroids can decrease the risk of stroke, and improve stroke outcomes. In the meantime, neurosteroids have been shown to have a positive therapeutic significance in some post-stroke complications, such as epilepsy, depression, anxiety, cardiac complications, movement disorders, and post-stroke pain. In this review, we report the historical background, modulatory mechanisms of neurosteroids in stroke and post-stroke complications, and emphasize on the application prospect of neurosteroids in stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caochong Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyao Lou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Changxing Branch), Changxing, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiqi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangfu Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kreis A, Desloovere J, Suelves N, Pierrot N, Yerna X, Issa F, Schakman O, Gualdani R, de Clippele M, Tajeddine N, Kienlen-Campard P, Raedt R, Octave JN, Gailly P. Overexpression of wild-type human amyloid precursor protein alters GABAergic transmission. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17600. [PMID: 34475508 PMCID: PMC8413381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is not fully understood, but its cleavage product amyloid beta (Aβ) together with neurofibrillary tangles constitute the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission accompanied by loss of synaptic functions, has been reported much earlier and independent of any detectable pathological markers. Recently, soluble APP fragments have been shown to bind to presynaptic GABAB receptors (GABABRs), subsequently decreasing the probability of neurotransmitter release. In this body of work, we were able to show that overexpression of wild-type human APP in mice (hAPPwt) causes early cognitive impairment, neuronal loss, and electrophysiological abnormalities in the absence of amyloid plaques and at very low levels of Aβ. hAPPwt mice exhibited neuronal overexcitation that was evident in EEG and increased long-term potentiation (LTP). Overexpression of hAPPwt did not alter GABAergic/glutamatergic receptor components or GABA production ability. Nonetheless, we detected a decrease of GABA but not glutamate that could be linked to soluble APP fragments, acting on presynaptic GABABRs and subsequently reducing GABA release. By using a specific presynaptic GABABR antagonist, we were able to rescue hyperexcitation in hAPPwt animals. Our results provide evidence that APP plays a crucial role in regulating inhibitory neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kreis
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53/B1.53.17, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jana Desloovere
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nuria Suelves
- Alzheimer Dementia Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Pierrot
- Alzheimer Dementia Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Yerna
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53/B1.53.17, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Farah Issa
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53/B1.53.17, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Schakman
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53/B1.53.17, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roberta Gualdani
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53/B1.53.17, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie de Clippele
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53/B1.53.17, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Tajeddine
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53/B1.53.17, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Alzheimer Dementia Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiteit Gent, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Alzheimer Dementia Group, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, av. Mounier 53/B1.53.17, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Sueviriyapan N, Granados-Fuentes D, Simon T, Herzog ED, Henson MA. Modelling the functional roles of synaptic and extra-synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor dynamics in circadian timekeeping. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210454. [PMID: 34520693 PMCID: PMC8440032 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a primary neurotransmitter. GABA can signal through two types of GABAA receptor subunits, often referred to as synaptic GABAA (gamma subunit) and extra-synaptic GABAA (delta subunit). To test the functional roles of these distinct GABAA in regulating circadian rhythms, we developed a multicellular SCN model where we could separately compare the effects of manipulating GABA neurotransmitter or receptor dynamics. Our model predicted that blocking GABA signalling modestly increased synchrony among circadian cells, consistent with published SCN pharmacology. Conversely, the model predicted that lowering GABAA receptor density reduced firing rate, circadian cell fraction, amplitude and synchrony among individual neurons. When we tested these predictions, we found that the knockdown of delta GABAA reduced the amplitude and synchrony of clock gene expression among cells in SCN explants. The model further predicted that increasing gamma GABAA densities could enhance synchrony, as opposed to increasing delta GABAA densities. Overall, our model reveals how blocking GABAA receptors can modestly increase synchrony, while increasing the relative density of gamma over delta subunits can dramatically increase synchrony. We hypothesize that increased gamma GABAA density in the winter could underlie the tighter phase relationships among SCN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthapong Sueviriyapan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Tatiana Simon
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erik D. Herzog
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael A. Henson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Michalettos G, Walter HL, Antunes ARP, Wieloch T, Talhada D, Ruscher K. Effect of Anti-inflammatory Treatment with AMD3100 and CX 3CR1 Deficiency on GABA A Receptor Subunit and Expression of Glutamate Decarboxylase Isoforms After Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5876-5889. [PMID: 34417725 PMCID: PMC8599239 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Following stroke, attenuation of detrimental inflammatory pathways might be a promising strategy to improve long-term outcome. In particular, cascades driven by pro-inflammatory chemokines interact with neurotransmitter systems such as the GABAergic system. This crosstalk might be of relevance for mechanisms of neuronal plasticity, however, detailed studies are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine if treatment with 1,1′-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane] (AMD3100), an antagonist to the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and partial allosteric agonist to CXCR7 (AMD3100) alone or in combination with C-X3-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CX3CR1) deficiency, affect the expression of GABAA subunits and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) isoforms. Heterozygous, CX3CR1-deficient mice and wild-type littermates were subjected to photothrombosis (PT). Treatment with AMD3100 (0.5 mg/kg twice daily i.p.) was administered starting from day 2 after induction of PT until day 14 after the insult. At this time point, GABAA receptor subunits (α3, β3, δ), GAD65 and GAD67, and CXCR4 were analyzed from the peri-infarct tissue and homotypic brain regions of the contralateral hemisphere by quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot. Fourteen days after PT, CX3CR1 deficiency resulted in a significant decrease of the three GABAA receptor subunits in both the lesioned and the contralateral hemisphere compared to sham-operated mice. Treatment with AMD3100 promoted the down-regulation of GABAA subunits and GAD67 in the ipsilateral peri-infarct area, while the β3 subunit and the GAD isoforms were up-regulated in homotypic regions of the contralateral cortex. Changes in GABAA receptor subunits and GABA synthesis suggest that the CXCR4/7 and CX3CR1 signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of GABAergic neurotransmission in the post-ischemic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Michalettos
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helene L Walter
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana Rita Pombo Antunes
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniela Talhada
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden. .,LUBIN Lab - Lunds Laboratorium För Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Kang Y, Rúa SMH, Kaunzner UW, Perumal J, Nealon N, Qu W, Kothari PJ, Vartanian T, Kuceyeski A, Gauthier SA. A Multi-Ligand Imaging Study Exploring GABAergic Receptor Expression and Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1600-1608. [PMID: 32394283 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and essential for normal brain function. The GABAergic system has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects and respond adaptively to excitatory toxicity. The association of the GABAergic system and inflammation in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown. In this pilot study, the in vivo relationship between GABAA binding and the innate immune response is explored using positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C] flumazenil (FMZ) and [11C]-PK11195 PET (PK-PET), a measure of activated microglia/macrophages. PROCEDURES Sixteen MS patients had dynamic FMZ-PET and PK-PET imaging. Ten age-matched healthy controls (HC) had a single FMZ-PET. GABAA receptor binding was calculated using Logan reference model with the pons as reference. Distribution of volume ratio (VTr) for PK-PET was calculated using image-derived input function. A hierarchical linear model was fitted to assess the linear association between PK-PET and FMZ-PET among six cortical regions of interest. RESULTS GABAA receptor binding was higher throughout the cortex in MS patients (5.72 ± 0.91) as compared with HC (4.70 ± 0.41) (p = 0.002). A significant correlation was found between FMZ binding and PK-PET within the cortex (r = 0.61, p < 0.001) and among the occipital (r = 0.61, p = 0.012), parietal (r = 0.49, p = 0.041), and cingulate (r = 0.32, p = 0.006) regions. CONCLUSIONS A higher GABAA receptor density in MS subjects compared with HC was observed and correlated with innate immune activity. Our observations demonstrate that immune-driven GABAergic abnormalities may be present in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeona Kang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, D.C, 20059, USA
| | - Sandra Milena Hurtado Rúa
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Ulrike W Kaunzner
- Department of Neurology, Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jai Perumal
- Department of Neurology, Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Nancy Nealon
- Department of Neurology, Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Wenchao Qu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Paresh J Kothari
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Timothy Vartanian
- Department of Neurology, Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Susan A Gauthier
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA. .,Feil Family Brain and Mind Institute, Weill Cornell, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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Kipnis PA, Kadam SD. Novel Concepts for the Role of Chloride Cotransporters in Refractory Seizures. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1056-1069. [PMID: 34221549 PMCID: PMC8219493 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is associated with a multitude of acquired or genetic neurological disorders characterized by a predisposition to spontaneous recurrent seizures. An estimated 15 million patients worldwide have ongoing seizures despite optimal management and are classified as having refractory epilepsy. Early-life seizures like those caused by perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remain a clinical challenge because although transient, they are difficult to treat and associated with poor neurological outcomes. Pediatric epilepsy syndromes are consistently associated with intellectual disability and neurocognitive comorbidities. HIE and arterial ischemic stroke are the most common causes of seizures in term neonates and account for 7.5-20% of neonatal seizures. Standard first-line treatments such as phenobarbital (PB) and phenytoin fail to curb seizures in ~50% of neonates. In the long-term, HIE can result in hippocampal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), which is the most common adult epilepsy, ~30% of which is associated with refractory seizures. For patients with refractory TLE seizures, a viable option is the surgical resection of the epileptic foci. Novel insights gained from investigating the developmental role of Cl- cotransporter function have helped to elucidate some of the mechanisms underlying the emergence of refractory seizures in both HIE and TLE. KCC2 as the chief Cl- extruder in neurons is critical for enabling strong hyperpolarizing synaptic inhibition in the brain and has been implicated in the pathophysiology underlying both conditions. More recently, KCC2 function has become a novel therapeutic target to combat refractory seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Kipnis
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Shilpa D Kadam
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Hughes ATL, Samuels RE, Baño-Otálora B, Belle MDC, Wegner S, Guilding C, Northeast RC, Loudon ASI, Gigg J, Piggins HD. Timed daily exercise remodels circadian rhythms in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:761. [PMID: 34145388 PMCID: PMC8213798 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is important for physical and mental health. An underexplored and intriguing property of exercise is its actions on the body’s 24 h or circadian rhythms. Molecular clock cells in the brain’s suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) use electrical and chemical signals to orchestrate their activity and convey time of day information to the rest of the brain and body. To date, the long-lasting effects of regular physical exercise on SCN clock cell coordination and communication remain unresolved. Utilizing mouse models in which SCN intercellular neuropeptide signaling is impaired as well as those with intact SCN neurochemical signaling, we examined how daily scheduled voluntary exercise (SVE) influenced behavioral rhythms and SCN molecular and neuronal activities. We show that in mice with disrupted neuropeptide signaling, SVE promotes SCN clock cell synchrony and robust 24 h rhythms in behavior. Interestingly, in both intact and neuropeptide signaling deficient animals, SVE reduces SCN neural activity and alters GABAergic signaling. These findings illustrate the potential utility of regular exercise as a long-lasting and effective non-invasive intervention in the elderly or mentally ill where circadian rhythms can be blunted and poorly aligned to the external world. Using mice with disrupted neuropeptide signaling, Hughes et al. show that daily scheduled voluntary exercise (SVE) promotes suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) clock cell synchrony and robust 24 h rhythms in behavior. This study suggests the potential utility of regular exercise as a non-invasive intervention for the elderly or mentally ill, where circadian rhythms can be poorly aligned to the external world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alun Thomas Lloyd Hughes
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rayna Eve Samuels
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Beatriz Baño-Otálora
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mino David Charles Belle
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sven Wegner
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Clare Guilding
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | | | - John Gigg
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hugh David Piggins
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Stroebel D, Mony L, Paoletti P. Glycine agonism in ionotropic glutamate receptors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 193:108631. [PMID: 34058193 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission in the vertebrate CNS. Classified as AMPA, kainate, delta and NMDA receptors, iGluRs are central drivers of synaptic plasticity widely considered as a major cellular substrate of learning and memory. Surprisingly however, five out of the eighteen vertebrate iGluR subunits do not bind glutamate but glycine, a neurotransmitter known to mediate inhibitory neurotransmission through its action on pentameric glycine receptors (GlyRs). This is the case of GluN1, GluN3A, GluN3B, GluD1 and GluD2 subunits, all also binding the D amino acid d-serine endogenously present in many brain regions. Glycine and d-serine action and affinities broadly differ between glycinergic iGluR subtypes. On 'conventional' GluN1/GluN2 NMDA receptors, glycine (or d-serine) acts in concert with glutamate as a mandatory co-agonist to set the level of receptor activity. It also regulates the receptor's trafficking and expression independently of glutamate. On 'unconventional' GluN1/GluN3 NMDARs, glycine acts as the sole agonist directly triggering opening of excitatory glycinergic channels recently shown to be physiologically relevant. On GluD receptors, d-serine on its own mediates non-ionotropic signaling involved in excitatory and inhibitory synaptogenesis, further reinforcing the concept of glutamate-insensitive iGluRs. Here we present an overview of our current knowledge on glycine and d-serine agonism in iGluRs emphasizing aspects related to molecular mechanisms, cellular function and pharmacological profile. The growing appreciation of the critical influence of glycine and d-serine on iGluR biology reshapes our understanding of iGluR signaling diversity and complexity, with important implications in neuropharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stroebel
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Laetitia Mony
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, F-75005, Paris, France.
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Booker SA, Wyllie DJA. NMDA receptor function in inhibitory neurons. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108609. [PMID: 34000273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are present in the majority of brain circuits and play a key role in synaptic information transfer and synaptic plasticity. A key element of many brain circuits are inhibitory GABAergic interneurons that in themselves show diverse and cell-type-specific NMDAR expression and function. Indeed, NMDARs located on interneurons control cellular excitation in a synapse-type specific manner which leads to divergent dendritic integration properties amongst the plethora of interneuron subtypes known to exist. In this review, we explore the documented diversity of NMDAR subunit expression in identified subpopulations of interneurons and assess the NMDAR subtype-specific control of their function. We also highlight where knowledge still needs to be obtained, if a full appreciation is to be gained of roles played by NMDARs in controlling GABAergic modulation of synaptic and circuit function. This article is part of the 'Special Issue on Glutamate Receptors - NMDA receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A Booker
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Patrick Wild Centre for Research into Autism, Fragile X Syndrome & Intellectual Disabilities, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
| | - David J A Wyllie
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Patrick Wild Centre for Research into Autism, Fragile X Syndrome & Intellectual Disabilities, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; Centre for Brain Development and Repair, InStem, Bangalore, 560065, India.
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El-Ansary A, Zayed N, Al-Ayadhi L, Qasem H, Anwar M, Meguid NA, Bhat RS, Doşa MD, Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. GABA synaptopathy promotes the elevation of caspases 3 and 9 as pro-apoptotic markers in Egyptian patients with autism spectrum disorder. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:489-501. [PMID: 31673995 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-019-01226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced social communication as well as repetitive behaviors. Many studies have proved that defective synapses in ASD influence how neurons in the brain connect and communicate with each other. Synaptopathies arise from alterations that affecting the integrity and/or functionality of synapses and can contribute to synaptic pathologies. This study investigated the GABA levels in plasma being an inhibitory neurotransmitter, caspase 3 and 9 as pro-apoptotic proteins in 20 ASD children and 20 neurotypical controls using the ELISA technique. Analysis of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) of the data that was obtained to evaluate the diagnostic value of the aforementioned evaluated biomarkers. Pearson's correlations and multiple regressions between the measured variables were also done. While GABA level was reduced in ASD patients, levels of caspases 3 and 9 were significantly higher when compared to neurotypical control participants. ROC and predictiveness curves showed that caspases 3, caspases 9, and GABA might be utilized as predictive markers in autism diagnosis. The present study indicates that the presence of GABAergic dysfunction promotes apoptosis in Egyptian ASD children. The obtained GABA synaptopathies and their connection with apoptosis can both relate to neuronal excitation, and imbalance of the inhibition system, which can be used as reliable predictive biomarkers for ASD.
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Zmorzyński S, Styk W, Klinkosz W, Iskra J, Filip AA. Personality traits and polymorphisms of genes coding neurotransmitter receptors or transporters: review of single gene and genome-wide association studies. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:7. [PMID: 33482861 PMCID: PMC7825153 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most popular tool used for measuring personality traits is the Five-Factor Model (FFM). It includes neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Many studies indicated the association of genes encoding neurotransmitter receptors/transporters with personality traits. The relationship connecting polymorphic DNA sequences and FFM features has been described in the case of genes encoding receptors of cannabinoid and dopaminergic systems. Moreover, dopaminergic system receives inputs from other neurotransmitters, like GABAergic or serotoninergic systems. METHODS We searched PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and EBSCO databases from their inception to November 19, 2020, to identify original studies, as well as peer-reviewed studies examining the FFM and its association with gene polymorphisms affecting the neurotransmitter functions in central nervous system. RESULTS Serotonin neurons modulate dopamine function. In gene encoding serotonin transporter protein, SLC6A4, was found polymorphism, which was correlated with openness to experience (in Sweden population), and high scores of neuroticism and low levels of agreeableness (in Caucasian population). The genome-wide association studies (GWASs) found an association of 5q34-q35, 3p24, 3q13 regions with higher scores of neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness. However, the results for chromosome 3 regions are inconsistent, which was shown in our review paper. CONCLUSIONS GWASs on polymorphisms are being continued in order to determine and further understand the relationship between the changes in DNA and personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Zmorzyński
- Department of Cancer Genetics With Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Styk
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Klinkosz
- Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Iskra
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Anna Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics With Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Cai X, Li Y, Zheng X, Hu R, Li Y, Xiao L, Wang Z. Propofol suppresses microglial phagocytosis through the downregulation of MFG-E8. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:18. [PMID: 33422097 PMCID: PMC7796553 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia are highly motile phagocytic cells in the healthy brain with surveillance and clearance functions. Although microglia have been shown to engulf cellular debris following brain insult, less is known about their phagocytic function in the absence of injury. Propofol can inhibit microglial activity, including phagocytosis. Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8), as a regulator of microglia, plays an essential role in the phagocytic process. However, whether MFG-E8 affects the alteration of phagocytosis by propofol remains unknown. METHODS Microglial BV2 cells were treated with propofol, with or without MFG-E8. Phagocytosis of latex beads was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. MFG-E8, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-Src, and Src levels were assessed by western blot analysis. Compound C (AMPK inhibitor) and dasatinib (Src inhibitor) were applied to determine the roles of AMPK and Src in microglial phagocytosis under propofol treatment. RESULTS The phagocytic ability of microglia was significantly decreased after propofol treatment for 4 h (P < 0.05). MFG-E8 production was inhibited by propofol in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Preadministration of MFG-E8 dose-dependently (from 10 to 100 ng/ml) reversed the suppression of phagocytosis by propofol (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the decline in p-AMPK and p-Src levels induced by propofol intervention was reversed by MFG-E8 activation (P < 0.05). Administration of compound C (AMPK inhibitor) and dasatinib (Src inhibitor) to microglia blocked the trend of enhanced phagocytosis induced by MFG-E8 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal the intermediate role of MFG-E8 between propofol and microglial phagocytic activity. Moreover, MFG-E8 may reverse the suppression of phagocytosis induced by propofol through the regulation of the AMPK and Src signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangcan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Groisman AI, Yang SM, Schinder AF. Differential Coupling of Adult-Born Granule Cells to Parvalbumin and Somatostatin Interneurons. Cell Rep 2021; 30:202-214.e4. [PMID: 31914387 PMCID: PMC7011182 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong GABAergic tone imposes sparse levels of activity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. This balance is challenged by the addition of new granule cells (GCs) with high excitability. How developing GCs integrate within local inhibitory networks remains unknown. We used optogenetics to study synaptogenesis between new GCs and GABAergic interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV-INs) and somatostatin (SST-INs). PV-INs target the soma, and synapses become mature after 6 weeks. This transition is accelerated by exposure to an enriched environment. PV-INs exert efficient control of GC spiking and participate in both feedforward and feedback loops, a mechanism that would favor lateral inhibition and sparse coding. SST-INs target the dendrites, and synapses mature after 8 weeks. Outputs from GCs onto PV-INs develop faster than those onto SST-INs. Our results reveal a long-lasting transition wherein adult-born neurons remain poorly coupled to inhibition, which might enhance activity-dependent plasticity of input and output synapses. Groisman et al. examine the integration of adult-born granule cells (GCs) to inhibitory networks of the adult hippocampus. Synapse maturation is remarkably slow for parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons, both for connections toward and from GCs. Inhibition controls the activity of new GCs late in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén I Groisman
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sung M Yang
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Schinder
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Schaefer TL, Ashworth AA, Tiwari D, Tomasek MP, Parkins EV, White AR, Snider A, Davenport MH, Grainger LM, Becker RA, Robinson CK, Mukherjee R, Williams MT, Gibson JR, Huber KM, Gross C, Erickson CA. GABA A Alpha 2,3 Modulation Improves Select Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:678090. [PMID: 34093287 PMCID: PMC8175776 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.678090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability. FXS is caused by functional loss of the Fragile X Protein (FXP), also known as Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). In humans and animal models, loss of FXP leads to sensory hypersensitivity, increased susceptibility to seizures and cortical hyperactivity. Several components of the GABAergic system, the major inhibitory system in the brain, are dysregulated in FXS, and thus modulation of GABAergic transmission was suggested and tested as a treatment strategy. However, so far, clinical trials using broad spectrum GABAA or GABAB receptor-specific agonists have not yielded broad improvement of FXS phenotypes in humans. Here, we tested a more selective strategy in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice using the experimental drug BAER-101, which is a selective GABAA α2/α3 agonist. Our results suggest that BAER-101 reduces hyperexcitability of cortical circuits, partially corrects increased frequency-specific baseline cortical EEG power, reduces susceptibility to audiogenic seizures and improves novel object memory. Other Fmr1 KO-specific phenotypes were not improved by the drug, such as increased hippocampal dendritic spine density, open field activity and marble burying. Overall, this work shows that BAER-101 improves select phenotypes in Fmr1 KO mice and encourages further studies into the efficacy of GABAA-receptor subunit-selective agonists for the treatment of FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori L Schaefer
- Division of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Amy A Ashworth
- Division of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Durgesh Tiwari
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Madison P Tomasek
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Emma V Parkins
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Angela R White
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Andrew Snider
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew H Davenport
- Division of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lindsay M Grainger
- Division of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Robert A Becker
- Division of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chandler K Robinson
- Division of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rishav Mukherjee
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael T Williams
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jay R Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kimberly M Huber
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Craig A Erickson
- Division of Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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45
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Yang Y, Xiangwei W, Zhang X, Xiao J, Chen J, Yang X, Jia T, Yang Z, Jiang Y, Zhang Y. Phenotypic spectrum of patients with GABRB2 variants: from mild febrile seizures to severe epileptic encephalopathy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:1213-1220. [PMID: 32686847 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the different phenotypes of GABRB2-related epilepsy and to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation. METHOD We used next-generation sequencing to identify GABRB2 variants in 15 patients. RESULTS Eleven GABRB2 variants were novel and 12 were de novo. The age at the onset of seizures ranged from 1 day to 26 months. Nine patients had multiple seizure types, including focal seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, myoclonic seizures, epileptic spasms, and atonic seizures. Seizures were fever-sensitive in 13 out of the 15 patients. Eleven patients displayed developmental delay, while 11 had abnormal video electroencephalography. Abnormalities in the brain images included dysplasia of the frontal and temporal cortex, dysplasia of the corpus callosum, and delayed myelination in four patients. One patient was diagnosed with febrile seizures, three with febrile seizures plus, three with Dravet syndrome, three with West syndrome, one with Ohtahara syndrome, three with developmental delays and epilepsy, and one with non-specific early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. INTERPRETATION The most common phenotypes of patients with GABRB2 variants include early onset of seizure and fever sensitivity. Febrile seizures and febrile seizures plus are new phenotypes of GABRB2 variants. The phenotypic spectrum of GABRB2 variants ranges from mild febrile seizures to severe epileptic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshu Xiangwei
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangxi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianming Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Zhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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46
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γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) from satellite glial cells tonically depresses the excitability of primary afferent fibers. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:50-58. [PMID: 32987088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary afferent fibers express extrasynaptic GABAA and GABAB receptors in the axons and soma. However, whether these receptors are tonically activated by ambient GABA and the source of the neurotransmitter is presently unknown. Here, we show that GABA release from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) does not depend on extracellular calcium, but depends upon calcium released from intracellular stores, and is mediated by Best1 channels. Using a preparation consisting of the spinal nerve in continuity with the DRG and the dorsal root, we found that endogenous GABA tonically activates GABA receptors, depressing the excitability of the primary afferents. In addition, using HPLC we found that GABA is released in the DRG, and by immunofluorescence microscopy we show the presence of GABA, the Best1 channel, and some enzymes of the putrescine pathway of GABA biosynthesis, in glutamine synthase- and GFAP-positive satellite glial cells. Last, we found that the blockade of the Best1 channel activity reduced the excitability of primary afferents and prevented the activation of the GABA receptors. These results suggest that satellite glial cells may be the source of endogenous GABA released in the DRG via Best1 channels, which tonically activates extrasynaptic GABA receptors.
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47
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Gatta E, Guidotti A, Saudagar V, Grayson DR, Aspesi D, Pandey SC, Pinna G. Epigenetic Regulation of GABAergic Neurotransmission and Neurosteroid Biosynthesis in Alcohol Use Disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 24:130-141. [PMID: 32968808 PMCID: PMC7883893 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing brain disorder. GABAA receptor (GABAAR) subunits are a target for the pharmacological effects of alcohol. Neurosteroids play an important role in the fine-tuning of GABAAR function in the brain. Recently, we have shown that AUD is associated with changes in DNA methylation mechanisms. However, the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of neurosteroid biosynthesis and GABAergic neurotransmission in AUD patients remains under-investigated. METHODS In a cohort of postmortem brains from 20 male controls and AUD patients, we investigated the expression of GABAAR subunits and neurosteroid biosynthetic enzymes and their regulation by DNA methylation mechanisms. Neurosteroid levels were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The α 2 subunit expression was reduced due to increased DNA methylation at the gene promoter region in the cerebellum of AUD patients, a brain area particularly sensitive to the effects of alcohol. Alcohol-induced alteration in GABAAR subunits was also observed in the prefrontal cortex. Neurosteroid biosynthesis was also affected with reduced cerebellar expression of the 18kDa translocator protein and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNAs. Notably, increased DNA methylation levels were observed at the promoter region of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. These changes were associated with markedly reduced levels of allopregnanolone and pregnanolone in the cerebellum. CONCLUSION Given the key role of neurosteroids in modulating the strength of GABAAR-mediated inhibition, our data suggest that alcohol-induced impairments in GABAergic neurotransmission might be profoundly impacted by reduced neurosteroid biosynthesis most likely via DNA hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Gatta
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alessandro Guidotti
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Correspondence: Dr Alessandro Guidotti, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Psychiatric Institute - Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612 ()
| | - Vikram Saudagar
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dario Aspesi
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Graziano Pinna
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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48
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Benning L, Reinehr S, Grotegut P, Kuehn S, Stute G, Dick HB, Joachim SC. Synapse and Receptor Alterations in Two Different S100B-Induced Glaucoma-Like Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196998. [PMID: 32977518 PMCID: PMC7583988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is identified by an irreversible retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve damage. Over the past few years, the immune system gained importance in its genesis. In a glaucoma-like animal model with intraocular S100B injection, RGC death occurs at 14 days. In an experimental autoimmune glaucoma model with systemic S100B immunization, a loss of RGCs is accompanied by a decreased synaptic signal at 28 days. Here, we aimed to study synaptic alterations in these two models. In one group, rats received a systemic S100B immunization (n = 7/group), while in the other group, S100B was injected intraocularly (n = 6–7/group). Both groups were compared to appropriate controls and investigated after 14 days. While inhibitory post-synapses remained unchanged in both models, excitatory post-synapses degenerated in animals with intraocular S100B injection (p = 0.03). Excitatory pre-synapses tendentially increased in animals with systemic S100B immunization (p = 0.08) and significantly decreased in intraocular ones (p = 0.04). Significantly more N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (both p ≤ 0.04) as well as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors (both p < 0.03) were observed in S100B animals in both models. We assume that an upregulation of these receptors causes the interacting synapse types to degenerate. Heightened levels of excitatory pre-synapses could be explained by remodeling followed by degeneration.
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49
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Ferrini F, Perez-Sanchez J, Ferland S, Lorenzo LE, Godin AG, Plasencia-Fernandez I, Cottet M, Castonguay A, Wang F, Salio C, Doyon N, Merighi A, De Koninck Y. Differential chloride homeostasis in the spinal dorsal horn locally shapes synaptic metaplasticity and modality-specific sensitization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3935. [PMID: 32769979 PMCID: PMC7414850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAA/glycine-mediated neuronal inhibition critically depends on intracellular chloride (Cl-) concentration which is mainly regulated by the K+-Cl- co-transporter 2 (KCC2) in the adult central nervous system (CNS). KCC2 heterogeneity thus affects information processing across CNS areas. Here, we uncover a gradient in Cl- extrusion capacity across the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord (laminae I-II: LI-LII), which remains concealed under low Cl- load. Under high Cl- load or heightened synaptic drive, lower Cl- extrusion is unveiled in LI, as expected from the gradient in KCC2 expression found across the SDH. Blocking TrkB receptors increases KCC2 in LI, pointing to differential constitutive TrkB activation across laminae. Higher Cl- lability in LI results in rapidly collapsing inhibition, and a form of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity expressed as a continuous facilitation of excitatory responses. The higher metaplasticity in LI as compared to LII differentially affects sensitization to thermal and mechanical input. Thus, inconspicuous heterogeneity of Cl- extrusion across laminae critically shapes plasticity for selective nociceptive modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Jimena Perez-Sanchez
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Ferland
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Antoine G Godin
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabel Plasencia-Fernandez
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Feng Wang
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicolas Doyon
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Yves De Koninck
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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50
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Telias M. Pharmacological Treatments for Fragile X Syndrome Based on Synaptic Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4394-4404. [PMID: 31682210 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191102165206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of monogenic hereditary cognitive impairment, including intellectual disability, autism, hyperactivity, and epilepsy. METHODS This article reviews the literature pertaining to the role of synaptic dysfunction in FXS. RESULTS In FXS, synaptic dysfunction alters the excitation-inhibition ratio, dysregulating molecular and cellular processes underlying cognition, learning, memory, and social behavior. Decades of research have yielded important hypotheses that could explain, at least in part, the development of these neurological disorders in FXS patients. However, the main goal of translating lab research in animal models to pharmacological treatments in the clinic has been so far largely unsuccessful, leaving FXS a still incurable disease. CONCLUSION In this concise review, we summarize and analyze the main hypotheses proposed to explain synaptic dysregulation in FXS, by reviewing the scientific evidence that led to pharmaceutical clinical trials and their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Telias
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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