1
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Held NA, Manhart M. Are microbes colimited by multiple resources? Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 80:102509. [PMID: 38991468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Resource colimitation - the dependence of growth on multiple resources simultaneously - has become an important topic in microbiology due both to the development of systems approaches to cell physiology and ecology and to the relevance of colimitation to environmental science, biotechnology, and human health. Empirical tests of colimitation in microbes suggest that it may be common in nature. However, recent theoretical and empirical work has demonstrated the need for systematic measurements across resource conditions, in contrast to the factorial supplementation experiments used in most previous studies. The mechanistic causes of colimitation remain unclear in most cases and are an important challenge for future work, but we identify the alignment of resource consumption with the environment, interactions between resources, and biological and environmental heterogeneity as major factors. On the other hand, the consequences of colimitation are widespread for microbial physiology and ecology, especially the prediction and control of microbial growth, motivating continued consideration of this state in microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle A Held
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Enviornmental Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Michael Manhart
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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2
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Kell RM, Subhas AV, Schanke NL, Lees LE, Chmiel RJ, Rao D, Brisbin MMM, Moran DM, McIlvin MR, Bolinesi F, Mangoni O, Casotti R, Balestra C, Horner T, Dunbar RB, Allen AE, DiTullio GR, Saito MA. Zinc stimulation of phytoplankton in a low carbon dioxide, coastal Antarctic environment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.05.565706. [PMID: 37961643 PMCID: PMC10635156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.05.565706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a key micronutrient used by phytoplankton for carbon (C) acquisition, yet there have been few observations of its influence on natural oceanic phytoplankton populations. In this study, we observed Zn limitation of growth in the natural phytoplankton community of Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, due to low (~220 μatm) pCO2 conditions, in addition to primary iron (Fe) limitation. Shipboard incubation experiments amended with Zn and Fe resulted in significantly higher chlorophyll a content and dissolved inorganic carbon drawdown compared to Fe addition alone. Zn and Fe response proteins detected in incubation and environmental biomass provided independent verification of algal co-stress for these micronutrients. These observations of Zn limitation under low pCO2 conditions demonstrate Zn can influence coastal primary productivity. Yet, as surface ocean pCO2 rises with continued anthropogenic emissions, the occurrence of Zn/C co-limitation will become rarer, impacting the biogeochemical cycling of Zn and other trace metal micronutrients.
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3
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Browning TJ, Moore CM. Global analysis of ocean phytoplankton nutrient limitation reveals high prevalence of co-limitation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5014. [PMID: 37591895 PMCID: PMC10435517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient availability limits phytoplankton growth throughout much of the global ocean. Here we synthesize available experimental data to identify three dominant nutrient limitation regimes: nitrogen is limiting in the stratified subtropical gyres and in the summertime Arctic Ocean, iron is most commonly limiting in upwelling regions, and both nutrients are frequently co-limiting in regions in between the nitrogen and iron limited systems. Manganese can be co-limiting with iron in parts of the Southern Ocean, whilst phosphate and cobalt can be co-/serially limiting in some settings. Overall, an analysis of experimental responses showed that phytoplankton net growth can be significantly enhanced through increasing the number of different nutrients supplied, regardless of latitude, temperature, or trophic status, implying surface seawaters are often approaching nutrient co-limitation. Assessments of nutrient deficiency based on seawater nutrient concentrations and nutrient stress diagnosed via molecular biomarkers showed good agreement with experimentally-assessed nutrient limitation, validating conceptual and theoretical links between nutrient stoichiometry and microbial ecophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Browning
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, 24148, Germany.
| | - C Mark Moore
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK.
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4
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Piper MDW, Zanco B, Sgrò CM, Adler MI, Mirth CK, Bonduriansky R. Dietary restriction and lifespan: adaptive reallocation or somatic sacrifice? FEBS J 2023; 290:1725-1734. [PMID: 35466532 PMCID: PMC10952493 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reducing overall food intake, or lowering the proportion of protein relative to other macronutrients, can extend the lifespan of diverse organisms. A number of mechanistic theories have been developed to explain this phenomenon, mostly assuming that the molecules connecting diet to lifespan are evolutionarily conserved. A recent study using Drosophila melanogaster females has pinpointed a single essential micronutrient that can explain how lifespan is changed by dietary restriction. Here, we propose a likely mechanism for this observation, which involves a trade-off between lifespan and reproduction, but in a manner that is conditional on the dietary supply of an essential micronutrient - a sterol. Importantly, these observations argue against previous evolutionary theories that rely on constitutive resource reallocation or damage directly inflicted by reproduction. Instead, they are compatible with a model in which the inverse relationship between lifespan and food level is caused by the consumer suffering from varying degrees of malnutrition when maintained on lab food. The data also indicate that animals on different lab foods may suffer from different nutritional imbalances and that the mechanisms by which dietary restriction benefits the lifespan of different species may vary. This means that translating the mechanistic findings from lab animals to humans will not be simple and should be interpreted in light of the range of challenges that have shaped each organism's lifespan in the wild and the composition of the natural diets upon which they would feed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brooke Zanco
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Carla M. Sgrò
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Christen K. Mirth
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Russell Bonduriansky
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
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5
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Nessel MP, Konnovitch T, Romero GQ, González AL. Decline of insects and arachnids driven by nutrient enrichment: A meta-analysis. Ecology 2023; 104:e3897. [PMID: 36217891 PMCID: PMC10078409 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have documented global declines in insects and their relatives, but the exact mechanisms explaining these patterns are not fully understood. A potential driver underlying arthropod population declines is increases in anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Here, we synthesize the effects of N, P, and combined N + P enrichment on the abundance of hexapods (insects and collembola) and arachnids from 901 experiments reported in 84 studies. We found that N and combined N + P enrichment caused significant decreases in the abundance of these groups overall. While arthropod responses to nutrient enrichment across aquatic and terrestrial habitats and in temperate as well as tropical climatic zones differed in magnitude, our results suggest that arthropods are decreasing similarly in response to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Further, despite previously shown differences in the nutrient demands of different insect metamorphosis groups, we found consistent negative effects of N + P enrichment on all groups. Our results also showed that the negative effects of nutrient additions are stronger for aquatic insects that are considered more sensitive to changes in physical-chemical parameters in their environments, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), compared with other aquatic insects. In addition, N + P enrichment reduced the abundance of above-ground and below-ground arthropods, suggesting that a similar mechanism driving arthropod community change is acting on both groups. These findings suggest that changes in elemental cycles are a potential cause of the ongoing global decline of arthropods and underscore the serious effects of nutrient enrichment on ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Nessel
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | - Theresa Konnovitch
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.,Biology Department, La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gustavo Q Romero
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica L González
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.,Biology Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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6
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Thomas PK, Kunze C, Van de Waal DB, Hillebrand H, Striebel M. Elemental and biochemical nutrient limitation of zooplankton: A meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2776-2792. [PMID: 36223425 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Primary consumers in aquatic ecosystems are frequently limited by the quality of their food, often expressed as phytoplankton elemental and biochemical composition. However, the effects of these food quality indicators vary across studies, and we lack an integrated understanding of how elemental (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus) and biochemical (e.g. fatty acid, sterol) limitations interactively influence aquatic food webs. Here, we present the results of a meta-analysis using >100 experimental studies, confirming that limitation by N, P, fatty acids, and sterols all have significant negative effects on zooplankton performance. However, effects varied by grazer response (growth vs. reproduction), specific manipulation, and across taxa. While P limitation had greater effects on zooplankton growth than fatty acids overall, P and fatty acid limitation had equal effects on reproduction. Furthermore, we show that: nutrient co-limitation in zooplankton is strong; effects of essential fatty acid limitation depend on P availability; indirect effects induced by P limitation exceed direct effects of mineral P limitation; and effects of nutrient amendments using laboratory phytoplankton isolates exceed those using natural field communities. Our meta-analysis reconciles contrasting views about the role of various food quality indicators, and their interactions, for zooplankton performance, and provides a mechanistic understanding of trophic transfer in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Thomas
- Plankton Ecology Lab, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kunze
- Plankton Ecology Lab, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Helmut Hillebrand
- Plankton Ecology Lab, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Oldenburg, Germany.,Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Maren Striebel
- Plankton Ecology Lab, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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7
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Jiang M, Nakano SI. The crucial influence of trophic status on the relative requirement of nitrogen to phosphorus for phytoplankton growth. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118868. [PMID: 35870387 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Clarifying the pattern of relative nitrogen (N)-to-phosphorus (P) requirements for phytoplankton growth is of great significance for eutrophication mitigation and aquatic system management. The relative N-to-P requirement for phytoplankton growth is considered an essential trait determining species dominance within ecosystems and explaining phytoplankton response to nutrient availability. These requirements vary with environmental trophic status, though this variation remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the relative N-to-P requirements under different absolute nutrient levels using previous and current experimental data on eight phytoplankton species (three studied by us and five extrapolated from previous studies). Results showed that relative N-to-P requirements for phytoplankton growth decreased as absolute nutrient levels increased. Thus, N may be crucial for enhancing phytoplankton growth under low nutrient conditions, whereas P may be the primary limiting factor of phytoplankton growth under sufficient nutrient conditions. This result applies to single species as well as species assemblages, which are independent of species shifts occurring along water N:P gradients. The response observed in our large trophic status gradient may help elucidate the relative importance of N and P reductions in mitigating the impact of eutrophication on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Jiang
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga 520-2113, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakano
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga 520-2113, Japan.
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8
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How nitrogen and phosphorus supply to nutrient‐limited autotroph communities affects herbivore growth: testing stoichiometric and co‐limitation theory across trophic levels. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Kaspari M. The Invisible Hand of the Periodic Table: How Micronutrients Shape Ecology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012021-090118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the better-studied carbohydrates and the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus, a remaining 20 or so elements are essential for life and have distinct geographical distributions, making them of keen interest to ecologists. Here, I provide a framework for understanding how shortfalls in micronutrients like iodine, copper, and zinc can regulate individual fitness, abundance, and ecosystem function. With a special focus on sodium, I show how simple experiments manipulating biogeochemistry can reveal why many of the variables that ecologists study vary so dramatically from place to place. I conclude with a discussion of how the Anthropocene's changing temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2 levels are contributing to nutrient dilution (decreases in the nutrient quality at the base of food webs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaspari
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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10
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Li R, Fu Y, Xu D, Wang X, Jin G. Assessing the potential and kinetics of coupled nutrients uptake in mesotrophic streams in Chaohu Lake Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62877-62890. [PMID: 34218383 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among multiple nutrients uptake certainly have a great effect on their retention in headwater streams, yet little research has been made to explore the quantitative characteristics of their interactions, especially in mesotrophic streams. In response, we conducted an identical series of instantaneous nutrient addition experiments, using ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) alone or together, in two mesotrophic agricultural headwater streams in Chaohu Lake Basin, China, to quantify the relationships between nutrient concentrations and uptake rates, and examine how NH4-N and PO4-P interact to affect their individual uptake. Both the Michaelis-Menten (M-M) equation and response surface model were utilized to analyze coupled NH4-N and PO4-P uptake patterns across a range of nutrient concentrations, by fitting the kinetic processes of NH4-N and PO4-P uptake in single- and dual-nutrient additions. The capacity of both NH4-N and PO4-P uptake was increased in different degrees in dual-nutrient additions. Response surface models could quantitatively characterize the three-dimensional dynamic evolution trend of NH4-N or PO4-P uptake rates at different concentrations. The influence of PO4-P additions on NH4-N uptake was generally greater than that of NH4-N on PO4-P uptake in the five tracer tests. In addition, results of correlation analysis indicated that water temperature might be the main factor affecting the coupling of N and P uptake in mesotrophic streams and followed by hydrological factors (e.g., discharge) and channel geomorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhong Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Yang Fu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Daqiang Xu
- Anhui Wanxin Environmental Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Anhui Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Hefei, 230006, China
| | - Guangqiu Jin
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Prather RM, Welti EAR, Kaspari M. Trophic differences regulate grassland food webs: herbivores track food quality and predators select for habitat volume. Ecology 2021; 102:e03453. [PMID: 34165805 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of altered biogeochemical cycles on ecological systems are likely to vary with trophic level. Predicting how these changes will affect ecological food webs is further complicated by human activities, which are simultaneously altering the availability of macronutrients like nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and micronutrients such as sodium (Na). Here we contrast three hypotheses that predict how increasing nutrient availability will shape grassland food webs. We conducted a distributed factorial fertilization experiment (N and P crossed with NaCl) across four North American grasslands, quantifying the responses of aboveground plant biomass and volume, plant tissue and soil elemental concentrations, as well as the abundance of five arthropod functional groups. Fertilization with N and P increased plant biomass and foliar N and P concentrations in grasses but not forbs. Fertilization with Na had no effect on plant biomass but increased foliar Na concentrations. Consistent with the nutrient limitation hypothesis, we found strong evidence of nutrient limitation for insect herbivores across the four sites with sucking (phloem and xylem feeding) herbivores increasing in abundance with NP fertilization and chewing herbivores increasing in response to both Na and NP fertilization, and a trend for increased response of arthropods to lower plant nutrient availability. We found no evidence for an interaction of NaCl and NP on arthropod abundance as predicted by the serial colimitation hypothesis. Finally, consistent with the ecosystem size hypothesis, predator and parasitoid abundances increased with plant volume, but not fertilization. Our results suggest these functional group-specific responses to changes in plant nutrients and structure are key to predicting the future of grassland food webs in an era with increasing use of N and P fertilizers, and increasing terrestrial inputs of Na from road salt, saline irrigation water, and aerosols due to rising sea levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Prather
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA.,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306, USA
| | - Ellen A R Welti
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA.,Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, 63571, Germany
| | - Michael Kaspari
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
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12
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Jones CLC, Shafer ABA, Kim WD, Prater C, Wagner ND, Frost PC. The complexity of co-limitation: nutrigenomics reveal non-additive interactions of calcium and phosphorus on gene expression in Daphnia pulex. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202302. [PMID: 33352081 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lakes across Canada and northern Europe have experienced declines in ambient phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) supply for over 20 years. While these declines might create or exacerbate nutrient limitation in aquatic food webs, our ability to detect and quantify different types of nutrient stress on zooplankton remains rudimentary. Here, we used growth bioassay experiments and whole transcriptome RNAseq, collectively nutrigenomics, to examine the nutritional phenotypes produced by low supplies of P and Ca separately and together in the freshwater zooplankter Daphnia pulex. We found that daphniids in all three nutrient-deficient categories grew slower and differed in their elemental composition. Our RNAseq results show distinct responses in singly limited treatments (Ca or P) and largely a mix of these responses in animals under low Ca and P conditions. Deeper investigation of effect magnitude and gene functional annotations reveals this patchwork of responses to cumulatively represent a co-limited nutritional phenotype. Linear discriminant analysis identified a significant separation between nutritional treatments based upon gene expression patterns with the expression patterns of just five genes needed to predict animal nutritional status with 99% accuracy. These data reveal how nutritional phenotypes are altered by individual and co-limitation of two highly important nutritional elements (Ca and P) and provide evidence that aquatic consumers can respond to limitation by more than one nutrient at a time by differentially altering their metabolism. This use of nutrigenomics demonstrates its potential to address many of the inherent complexities in studying interactions between multiple nutritional stressors in ecology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona L C Jones
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada K9K 0A7
| | - Aaron B A Shafer
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada K9K 0A7.,Department of Forensic Science, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Canada K9K 0A7
| | - Clay Prater
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Nicole D Wagner
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Paul C Frost
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Scogings PF, De Fortier A. Severe simulated herbivory constrains
Sclerocarya birrea
saplings regardless of resource availability. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Scogings
- School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville3209South Africa
| | - An De Fortier
- Department of Zoology University of Zululand Kwadlangezwa South Africa
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14
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Burian A, Nielsen JM, Winder M. Food quantity–quality interactions and their impact on consumer behavior and trophic transfer. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Burian
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre University of Derby Derby DE22 1GB United Kingdom
| | - Jens M. Nielsen
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Monika Winder
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
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15
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Porter JR, Challinor AJ, Henriksen CB, Howden SM, Martre P, Smith P. Invited review: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, agriculture, and food-A case of shifting cultivation and history. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:2518-2529. [PMID: 31095820 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Since 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has produced five Assessment Reports (ARs), in which agriculture as the production of food for humans via crops and livestock have featured in one form or another. A constructed database of the ca. 2,100 cited experiments and simulations in the five ARs was analyzed with respect to impacts on yields via crop type, region, and whether adaptation was included. Quantitative data on impacts and adaptation in livestock farming have been extremely scarce in the ARs. The main conclusions from impact and adaptation are that crop yields will decline, but that responses have large statistical variation. Mitigation assessments in the ARs have used both bottom-up and top-down methods but need better to link emissions and their mitigation with food production and security. Relevant policy options have become broader in later ARs and included more of the social and nonproduction aspects of food security. Our overall conclusion is that agriculture and food security, which are two of the most central, critical, and imminent issues in climate change, have been dealt with an unfocussed and inconsistent manner between the IPCC five ARs. This is partly a result of not only agriculture spanning two IPCC working groups but also the very strong focus on projections from computer crop simulation modeling. For the future, we suggest a need to examine interactions between themes such as crop resource use efficiencies and to include all production and nonproduction aspects of food security in future roles for integrated assessment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Porter
- CIHEAM-IAMM - SupAgro - MUSE University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Andrew J Challinor
- School of Earth and Environment, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science (ICAS), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Stuart Mark Howden
- Climate Change Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Pierre Martre
- LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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16
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Koussoroplis AM, Schälicke S, Raatz M, Bach M, Wacker A. Feeding in the frequency domain: coarser-grained environments increase consumer sensitivity to resource variability, covariance and phase. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1104-1114. [PMID: 31016844 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Theory predicts that resource variability hinders consumer performance. How this effect depends on the temporal structure of resource fluctuations encountered by individuals remains poorly understood. Combining modelling and growth experiments with Daphnia magna, we decompose the complexity of resource fluctuations and test the effect of resource variance, supply peak timing (i.e. phase) and co-limiting resource covariance along a gradient from high to low frequencies reflecting fine- to coarse-grained environments. Our results show that resource storage can buffer growth at high frequencies, but yields a sensitivity of growth to resource peak timing at lower ones. When two resources covary, negative covariance causes stronger growth depression at low frequencies. However, negative covariance might be beneficial at intermediate frequencies, an effect that can be explained by digestive acclimation. Our study provides a mechanistic basis for understanding how alterations of the environmental grain size affect consumers experiencing variable nutritional quality in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos-Manuel Koussoroplis
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Aquatic Food Web Interactions group (I.R.T.A), Microorganisms Genome and Environment Lab (L.M.G.E.), UMR CNRS 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne, Aubière, France
| | - Svenja Schälicke
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Raatz
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Moritz Bach
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology group, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Animal Ecology group, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Lachmann SC, Mettler‐Altmann T, Wacker A, Spijkerman E. Nitrate or ammonium: Influences of nitrogen source on the physiology of a green alga. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1070-1082. [PMID: 30805141 PMCID: PMC6374670 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In freshwaters, algal species are exposed to different inorganic nitrogen (Ni) sources whose incorporation varies in biochemical energy demand. We hypothesized that due to the lesser energy requirement of ammonium ( NH 4 + )-use, in contrast to nitrate ( NO 3 - )-use, more energy remains for other metabolic processes, especially under CO2- and phosphorus (Pi) limiting conditions. Therefore, we tested differences in cell characteristics of the green alga Chlamydomonas acidophila grown on NH 4 + or NO 3 - under covariation of CO2 and Pi-supply in order to determine limitations, in a full-factorial design. As expected, results revealed higher carbon fixation rates for NH 4 + -grown cells compared to growth with NO 3 - under low CO2 conditions. NO 3 - -grown cells accumulated more of the nine analyzed amino acids, especially under Pi-limited conditions, compared to cells provided with NH 4 + . This is probably due to a slower protein synthesis in cells provided with NO 3 - . In contrast to our expectations, compared to NH 4 + -grown cells NO 3 - -grown cells had higher photosynthetic efficiency under Pi-limitation. In conclusion, growth on the Ni-source NH 4 + did not result in a clearly enhanced Ci-assimilation, as it was highly dependent on Pi and CO2 conditions (replete or limited). Results are potentially connected to the fact that C. acidophila is able to use only CO2 as its inorganic carbon (Ci) source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tabea Mettler‐Altmann
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences and Institute of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich‐Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Heisenberg‐Group: Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Elly Spijkerman
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
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18
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Hodapp D, Hillebrand H, Striebel M. “Unifying” the Concept of Resource Use Efficiency in Ecology. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Pervasive iron limitation at subsurface chlorophyll maxima of the California Current. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:13300-13305. [PMID: 30530699 PMCID: PMC6310781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813192115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertical distribution of phytoplankton cells and chlorophyll concentrations throughout the sunlit water column is rarely uniform. In many ocean regions, chlorophyll concentrations peak in distinct and persistent layers deep below the surface called subsurface chlorophyll maximum layers (SCMLs). SCML formation is hypothesized to reflect the consequences of phytoplankton light/macronutrient colimitation, behavior, and/or photoacclimation. We discovered unexpectedly persistent and widespread phytoplankton iron limitation and iron/light colimitation in SCMLs of the California Current and at the edge of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre using shipboard incubations, metatranscriptomics, and biogeochemical proxies. These results suggest that interactions and feedbacks between iron and light availability play an important and previously unrecognized role in controlling the productivity and biogeochemical dynamics of SCMLs. Subsurface chlorophyll maximum layers (SCMLs) are nearly ubiquitous in stratified water columns and exist at horizontal scales ranging from the submesoscale to the extent of oligotrophic gyres. These layers of heightened chlorophyll and/or phytoplankton concentrations are generally thought to be a consequence of a balance between light energy from above and a limiting nutrient flux from below, typically nitrate (NO3). Here we present multiple lines of evidence demonstrating that iron (Fe) limits or with light colimits phytoplankton communities in SCMLs along a primary productivity gradient from coastal to oligotrophic offshore waters in the southern California Current ecosystem. SCML phytoplankton responded markedly to added Fe or Fe/light in experimental incubations and transcripts of diatom and picoeukaryote Fe stress genes were strikingly abundant in SCML metatranscriptomes. Using a biogeochemical proxy with data from a 40-y time series, we find that diatoms growing in California Current SCMLs are persistently Fe deficient during the spring and summer growing season. We also find that the spatial extent of Fe deficiency within California Current SCMLs has significantly increased over the last 25 y in line with a regional climate index. Finally, we show that diatom Fe deficiency may be common in the subsurface of major upwelling zones worldwide. Our results have important implications for our understanding of the biogeochemical consequences of marine SCML formation and maintenance.
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20
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Velasco J, Gutiérrez-Cánovas C, Botella-Cruz M, Sánchez-Fernández D, Arribas P, Carbonell JA, Millán A, Pallarés S. Effects of salinity changes on aquatic organisms in a multiple stressor context. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20180011. [PMID: 30509913 PMCID: PMC6283958 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Under global change, the ion concentration of aquatic ecosystems is changing worldwide. Many freshwater ecosystems are being salinized by anthropogenic salt inputs, whereas many naturally saline ones are being diluted by agricultural drainages. This occurs concomitantly with changes in other stressors, which can result in additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects on organisms. We reviewed experimental studies that manipulated salinity and other abiotic stressors, on inland and transitional aquatic habitats, to (i) synthesize their main effects on organisms' performance, (ii) quantify the frequency of joint effect types across studies and (iii) determine the overall individual and joint effects and their variation among salinity-stressor pairs and organism groups using meta-analyses. Additive effects were slightly more frequent (54%) than non-additive ones (46%) across all the studies (n = 105 responses). However, antagonistic effects were dominant for the stressor pair salinity and toxicants (44%, n = 43), transitional habitats (48%, n = 31) and vertebrates (71%, n = 21). Meta-analyses showed detrimental additive joint effects of salinity and other stressors on organism performance and a greater individual impact of salinity than the other stressors. These results were consistent across stressor pairs and organism types. These findings suggest that strategies to mitigate multiple stressor impacts on aquatic ecosystems should prioritize restoring natural salinity concentrations.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Velasco
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cayetano Gutiérrez-Cánovas
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Botella-Cruz
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Paula Arribas
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), c/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Millán
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Susana Pallarés
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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21
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Kaspari M, Roeder KA, Benson B, Weiser MD, Sanders NJ. Sodium co-limits and catalyzes macronutrients in a prairie food web. Ecology 2018; 98:315-320. [PMID: 27936500 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus frequently limit terrestrial plant production, but have a mixed record in regulating the abundance of terrestrial invertebrates. We contrasted four ways that Na could interact with an NP fertilizer to shape the plants and invertebrates of an inland prairie. We applied NP and Na to m2 plots in a factorial design. Aboveground invertebrate abundance was independently co-limited by NaCl and NP, but with +NP plots supporting more individuals. We suggest the disparity arises because NP enhanced plant height by 35% (1 SD) over controls, providing both food and habitat, whereas NaCl provides only food. Belowground invertebrates showed evidence of serial co-limitation, where NaCl additions alone were ineffectual, but catalyzed access to NP. This suggests the increased belowground food availability in NP plots increased Na demand. Na and NP supply rates vary with climate, land use, and with inputs like urine. The co-limitation and catalysis of N and P by Na thus has the potential for predicting patterns of abundance and diversity across spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaspari
- Graduate Program in EEB, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Karl A Roeder
- Graduate Program in EEB, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Brittany Benson
- Graduate Program in EEB, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Michael D Weiser
- Graduate Program in EEB, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Nathan J Sanders
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, PO Box 519, Crested Butte, Colorado, 81224, USA.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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22
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Prather CM, Laws AN, Cuellar JF, Reihart RW, Gawkins KM, Pennings SC. Seeking salt: herbivorous prairie insects can be co-limited by macronutrients and sodium. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1467-1476. [PMID: 30039540 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The canonical factors typically thought to determine herbivore community structure often explain only a small fraction of the variation in herbivore abundance and diversity. We tested how macronutrients and relatively understudied micronutrients interacted to influence the structure of insect herbivore (orthopteran) communities. We conducted a factorial fertilisation experiment manipulating macronutrients (N and P, added together) and micronutrients (Ca, Na and K) in large plots (30 × 30 m2 ) in a Texas coastal prairie. Although no single or combination of micronutrients affected herbivore communities in the absence of additional macronutrients, macronutrients and sodium added together increased herbivore abundance by 60%, richness by 15% and diversity by 20%. These results represent the first large-scale manipulation of single micronutrients and macronutrients in concert, and revealed an herbivore community co-limited by macronutrients and Na. Our work supports an emerging paradigm that Na may be important in limiting herbivore communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelse M Prather
- Department of Biology, Radford University, Radford, VA, 46556, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | - Angela N Laws
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.,The Xerces Society, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Juan F Cuellar
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ryan W Reihart
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA
| | | | - Steven C Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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23
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Nutrient Dynamics in Decomposing Dead Wood in the Context of Wood Eater Requirements: The Ecological Stoichiometry of Saproxylophagous Insects. SAPROXYLIC INSECTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75937-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Browning TJ, Achterberg EP, Rapp I, Engel A, Bertrand EM, Tagliabue A, Moore CM. Nutrient co-limitation at the boundary of an oceanic gyre. Nature 2017; 551:242-246. [PMID: 29088696 DOI: 10.1038/nature24063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient limitation of oceanic primary production exerts a fundamental control on marine food webs and the flux of carbon into the deep ocean. The extensive boundaries of the oligotrophic sub-tropical gyres collectively define the most extreme transition in ocean productivity, but little is known about nutrient limitation in these zones. Here we present the results of full-factorial nutrient amendment experiments conducted at the eastern boundary of the South Atlantic gyre. We find extensive regions in which the addition of nitrogen or iron individually resulted in no significant phytoplankton growth over 48 hours. However, the addition of both nitrogen and iron increased concentrations of chlorophyll a by up to approximately 40-fold, led to diatom proliferation, and reduced community diversity. Once nitrogen-iron co-limitation had been alleviated, the addition of cobalt or cobalt-containing vitamin B12 could further enhance chlorophyll a yields by up to threefold. Our results suggest that nitrogen-iron co-limitation is pervasive in the ocean, with other micronutrients also approaching co-deficiency. Such multi-nutrient limitations potentially increase phytoplankton community diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Browning
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Insa Rapp
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Anja Engel
- Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24148, Germany
| | - Erin M Bertrand
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - C Mark Moore
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
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25
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Halvorson HM, Sperfeld E, Evans‐White MA. Quantity and quality limit detritivore growth: mechanisms revealed by ecological stoichiometry and co‐limitation theory. Ecology 2017; 98:2995-3002. [PMID: 28902394 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halvor M. Halvorson
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi 118 College Drive #5018 Hattiesburg Mississippi 39406 USA
| | - Erik Sperfeld
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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26
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Marzetz V, Koussoroplis AM, Martin-Creuzburg D, Striebel M, Wacker A. Linking primary producer diversity and food quality effects on herbivores: A biochemical perspective. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11035. [PMID: 28887516 PMCID: PMC5591185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity can strongly influence trophic interactions. The nutritional quality of prey communities and how it is related to the prey diversity is suspected to be a major driver of biodiversity effects. As consumer growth can be co-limited by the supply of several biochemical components, biochemically diverse prey communities should promote consumer growth. Yet, there is no clear consensus on how prey specific diversity is linked to community biochemical diversity since previous studies have considered only single nutritional quality traits. Here, we demonstrate that phytoplankton biochemical traits (fatty acids and sterols) can to a large extent explain Daphnia magna growth and its apparent dependence on phytoplankton species diversity. We find strong correlative evidence between phytoplankton species diversity, biochemical diversity, and growth. The relationship between species diversity and growth was partially explained by the fact that in many communities Daphnia was co-limited by long chained polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols, which was driven by different prey taxa. We suggest that biochemical diversity is a good proxy for the presence of high food quality taxa, and a careful consideration of the distribution of the different biochemical traits among species is necessary before concluding about causal links between species diversity and consumer performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Marzetz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Apostolos-Manuel Koussoroplis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Maren Striebel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
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27
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Dutta PS, Kooi BW, Feudel U. The impact of a predator on the outcome of competition in the three-trophic food web. J Theor Biol 2017; 417:28-42. [PMID: 28108307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We study the effects of predation on the competition of prey populations for two resources in a chemostat. We investigate a variety of small food web compositions: the bi-trophic food web (two resources-two competing prey) and the three-trophic food web (two resources-two prey-generalist predator) comparing different model formulations: substitutable resources and essential resources, namely Liebig's minimum law model (perfect essential resources) and complementary resources formulations. The prediction of the outcome of competition is solely based on bifurcation analysis in which the inflow of resources into the chemostat is used as the bifurcation parameter. We show that the results for different bi-trophic food webs are very similar, as only equilibria are involved in the long-term dynamics. In the three-trophic food web, the outcome of competition is manifested largely by non-equilibrium dynamics, i.e., in oscillatory behavior. The emergence of predator-prey cycles leads to strong deviations between the predictions of the outcome of competition based on Liebig's minimum law and the complementary resources. We show that the complementary resources formulation yields a stabilization of the three-trophic food web by decreasing the existence interval of oscillations. Furthermore, we find an exchange of a region of oscillatory co-existence of all three species in Liebig's formulation by a region of bistability of two limit cycles containing only one prey and the predator in the complementary formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sharathi Dutta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab 140 001, India.
| | - Bob W Kooi
- Department of Theoretical Biology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1087, NL 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulrike Feudel
- Theoretical Physics/Complex Systems, ICBM, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, PF 2503, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
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28
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Koussoroplis AM, Pincebourde S, Wacker A. Understanding and predicting physiological performance of organisms in fluctuating and multifactorial environments. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos-Manuel Koussoroplis
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology & Ecophysiology; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Am Neuen Palais 10, Maulbeerallee 2 D-14469 Potsdam Germany
| | - Sylvain Pincebourde
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI, CNRS UMR 7261); Université François Rabelais; 37200 Tours France
| | - Alexander Wacker
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology & Ecophysiology; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Am Neuen Palais 10, Maulbeerallee 2 D-14469 Potsdam Germany
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29
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Wirtz KW, Kerimoglu O. Autotrophic Stoichiometry Emerging from Optimality and Variable Co-limitation. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Sikora AB, Petzoldt T, Dawidowicz P, von Elert E. Demands of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in Daphnia: are they dependent on body size? Oecologia 2016; 182:405-17. [PMID: 27345442 PMCID: PMC5021750 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids contribute to the nutritional quality of the phytoplankton and, thus, play an important role in Daphnia nutrition. One of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)--eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)--has been shown to predict carbon transfer between primary producers and consumers in lakes, suggesting that EPA limitation of Daphnia in nature is widespread. Although the demand for EPA must be covered by the diet, the demand of EPA in Daphnia that differ in body size has not been addressed yet. Here, we hypothesize that the demand for EPA in Daphnia is size-dependent and that bigger species have a higher EPA demand. To elucidate this, a growth experiment was conducted in which at 20 °C three Daphnia taxa (small-sized D. longispina complex, medium-sized D. pulicaria, and large-bodied D. magna) were fed Synechococcus elongatus supplemented with cholesterol and increasing concentrations of EPA. In addition, fatty acid analyses of Daphnia were performed. Our results show that the saturation threshold for EPA-dependent growth increased with increasing body size. This increase in thresholds with body size may provide another mechanism contributing to the prevalence of small-bodied cladocera in warm habitats and to the midsummer decline of large cladocera in eutrophic water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Sikora
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstrasse 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Thomas Petzoldt
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Piotr Dawidowicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eric von Elert
- Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstrasse 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
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31
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Teufel AG, Li W, Kiss AJ, Morgan-Kiss RM. Impact of nitrogen and phosphorus on phytoplankton production and bacterial community structure in two stratified Antarctic lakes: a bioassay approach. Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-016-2025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Sperfeld E, Wagner ND, Halvorson HM, Malishev M, Raubenheimer D. Bridging Ecological Stoichiometry and Nutritional Geometry with homeostasis concepts and integrative models of organism nutrition. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sperfeld
- Department of Experimental Limnology Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Alte Fischerhütte 2 OT Neuglobsow 16775 Stechlin Germany
- School of Biological Sciences and The Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales2006 Australia
| | - Nicole D. Wagner
- Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program Trent University Peterborough Ontario K9L7B8 Canada
| | - Halvor M. Halvorson
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas72701 USA
| | - Matthew Malishev
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria3010 Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- School of Biological Sciences and The Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales2006 Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales2006 Australia
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33
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Kaspari M, Powers JS. Biogeochemistry and Geographical Ecology: Embracing All Twenty-Five Elements Required to Build Organisms. Am Nat 2016; 188 Suppl 1:S62-73. [PMID: 27513911 DOI: 10.1086/687576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Biogeochemistry is a key but relatively neglected part of the abiotic template that underlies ecology. The template has a geography, one that is increasingly being rearranged in this era of global change. Justus von Liebig's law of the minimum has played a useful role in focusing attention on biogeochemical regulation of populations, but given that ∼25+ elements are required to build organisms and that these organisms use and deplete nutrients in aggregates of communities and ecosystems, we make the case that it is time to move on. We review available models that suggest the many different mechanisms that give rise to multiple elements, or colimitation. We then review recent empirical data that show that rates of decomposition and primary productivity may be limited by multiple elements. In that light, given the tropics' high species diversity and generally more weathered soils, we predict that colimitation at community and ecosystem scales is more prevalent closer to the equator. We conclude with suggestions for how to move forward with experimental studies of colimitation.
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Sperfeld E, Halvorson HM, Malishev M, Clissold FJ, Wagner ND. Woodstoich III: Integrating tools of nutritional geometry and ecological stoichiometry to advance nutrient budgeting and the prediction of consumer‐driven nutrient recycling. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sperfeld
- Leibniz‐Inst. of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Dept Experimental Limnology Alte Fischerhütte 2 OT Neuglobsow DE‐16775 Stechlin Germany
- School of Biological Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | | | - Matthew Malishev
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA), School of BioSciences Univ. of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Fiona J. Clissold
- Clissold, School of Biological Sciences and The Charles Perkins Centre The Univ. of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Nicole D. Wagner
- Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program Trent University, Peterborough ON Canada
- Environmental NMR Centre and Dept of Physical and Environmental Sciences Univ. of Toronto Scarborough ON Canada
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Wacker A, Piepho M, Harwood JL, Guschina IA, Arts MT. Light-Induced Changes in Fatty Acid Profiles of Specific Lipid Classes in Several Freshwater Phytoplankton Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:264. [PMID: 27014290 PMCID: PMC4792871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We tested the influence of two light intensities [40 and 300 μmol PAR / (m(2)s)] on the fatty acid composition of three distinct lipid classes in four freshwater phytoplankton species. We chose species of different taxonomic classes in order to detect potentially similar reaction characteristics that might also be present in natural phytoplankton communities. From samples of the bacillariophyte Asterionella formosa, the chrysophyte Chromulina sp., the cryptophyte Cryptomonas ovata and the zygnematophyte Cosmarium botrytis we first separated glycolipids (monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine) as well as non-polar lipids (triacylglycerols), before analyzing the fatty acid composition of each lipid class. High variation in the fatty acid composition existed among different species. Individual fatty acid compositions differed in their reaction to changing light intensities in the four species. Although no generalizations could be made for species across taxonomic classes, individual species showed clear but small responses in their ecologically-relevant omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in terms of proportions and of per tissue carbon quotas. Knowledge on how lipids like fatty acids change with environmental or culture conditions is of great interest in ecological food web studies, aquaculture, and biotechnology, since algal lipids are the most important sources of omega-3 long-chain PUFA for aquatic and terrestrial consumers, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wacker
- Theoretical Aquatic Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Wacker
| | - Maike Piepho
- Department for Ecology, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of RostockRostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael T. Arts
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson UniversityToronto, ON, Canada
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