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Liu R, Zhou X, He Y, Du Z, Chen H, Fu Y, Guo L, Zhou G, Zhou L, Li J, Chai H, Huang C, Delgado-Baquerizo M. A transition from arbuscular to ectomycorrhizal forests halts soil carbon sequestration during subtropical forest rewilding. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174330. [PMID: 38945245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Ecological succession and restoration rapidly promote multiple dimensions of ecosystem functions and mitigate global climate change. However, the factors governing the limited capacity to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) in old forests are poorly understood. Ecological theory predicts that plants and microorganisms jointly evolve into a more mutualistic relationship to accelerate detritus decomposition and nutrient regeneration in old than young forests, likely explaining the changes in C sinks across forest succession or rewilding. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a field experiment of root-mycorrhizal exclusion in successional subtropical forests to investigate plant-decomposer interactions and their effects on SOC sequestration. Our results showed that SOC accrual rate at the 0-10 cm soil layer was 1.26 mg g-1 yr-1 in early-successional arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) forests, which was higher than that in the late-successional ectomycorrhizal (EcM) forests with non-significant change. A transition from early-successional AM to late-successional EcM forests increase fungal diversity, especially EcM fungi. In the late-successional forests, the presence of ectomycorrhizal hyphae promotes SOC decomposition and nutrient cycle by increasing soil nitrogen and phosphorus degrading enzyme activity as well as saprotrophic microbial richness. Across early- to late-successional forests, mycorrhizal priming effects on SOC decomposition explain a slow-down in the capacity of older forests to sequester soil C. Our findings suggest that a transition from AM to EcM forests supporting greater C decomposition can halt the capacity of forests to provide nature-based global climate change solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Liu
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Tiantong National Field Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Yanghui He
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhenggang Du
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuling Fu
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Tiantong National Field Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Liqi Guo
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guiyao Zhou
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, Tiantong National Field Station for Forest Ecosystem Research, Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jie Li
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hua Chai
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Changjiang Huang
- Northeast Asia ecosystem Carbon sink research Center (NACC), Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Av. Reina Mercedes 10, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Tang F, Cao Q, Bai Y. Mixing of pine and arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species changed soil organic carbon storage by affecting soil microbial characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172630. [PMID: 38677428 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Pure and mixed pine forests are found all over the world. The mycorrhizal type affects soil microbial activity and carbon sequestration capacity in pure forests. However, the effects of mycorrhizal type on microbial characteristics and carbon sequestration capacity in pine mixed forests remain untested. Further, making it difficult to predict carbon storage of the conversion from pure pine forests to mixed forests at larger scales. Herein, a meta-analysis showed that the contents of soil microbial biomass, mineral-associated organic carbon, and soil organic carbon in pine mixed forests with introduced arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species (PMAM) increased by 26.41 %, 58.55 %, and 27.41 %, respectively, compared to pure pine forests, whereas those of pine mixed forests without arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species (PMEcM) remained unchanged. Furthermore, the effect size of microbial biomass, mineral-associated organic carbon and organic carbon contents in subsoil of PMAM are 56.48 %, 78.49 % and 43.05 %, respectively, which are higher than those in topsoil. The improvement of carbon sinks throughout the PMAM soil profile is positively correlated with increases in microbial biomass and mineral-associated organic carbon in subsoil, according to regression analysis and structural equation modelling. In summary, these results highlight that the positive effects of introducing arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species rather than ectomycorrhizal tree species into pure pine forests on soil microbial biomass and carbon sequestration. The positive link between microbial biomass, mineral-associated organic carbon, and soil organic carbon suggests an underlying mechanism for how soil microorganisms store carbon in pine mixed forests. Nevertheless, our findings also imply that the soil carbon pool of PMAM may be vulnerable under climate change. Based on the above findings, we propose that incorporating mycorrhizal type of tree species and soil thickness into mixed forests management and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiong Wang
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunchao Zhou
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Fenghua Tang
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qianbin Cao
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunxing Bai
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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van Breugel M, Bongers F, Norden N, Meave JA, Amissah L, Chanthorn W, Chazdon R, Craven D, Farrior C, Hall JS, Hérault B, Jakovac C, Lebrija-Trejos E, Martínez-Ramos M, Muñoz R, Poorter L, Rüger N, van der Sande M, Dent DH. Feedback loops drive ecological succession: towards a unified conceptual framework. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:928-949. [PMID: 38226776 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The core principle shared by most theories and models of succession is that, following a major disturbance, plant-environment feedback dynamics drive a directional change in the plant community. The most commonly studied feedback loops are those in which the regrowth of the plant community causes changes to the abiotic (e.g. soil nutrients) or biotic (e.g. dispersers) environment, which differentially affect species availability or performance. This, in turn, leads to shifts in the species composition of the plant community. However, there are many other PE feedback loops that potentially drive succession, each of which can be considered a model of succession. While plant-environment feedback loops in principle generate predictable successional trajectories, succession is generally observed to be highly variable. Factors contributing to this variability are the stochastic processes involved in feedback dynamics, such as individual mortality and seed dispersal, and extrinsic causes of succession, which are not affected by changes in the plant community but do affect species performance or availability. Both can lead to variation in the identity of dominant species within communities. This, in turn, leads to further contingencies if these species differ in their effect on their environment (priority effects). Predictability and variability are thus intrinsically linked features of ecological succession. We present a new conceptual framework of ecological succession that integrates the propositions discussed above. This framework defines seven general causes: landscape context, disturbance and land-use, biotic factors, abiotic factors, species availability, species performance, and the plant community. When involved in a feedback loop, these general causes drive succession and when not, they are extrinsic causes that create variability in successional trajectories and dynamics. The proposed framework provides a guide for linking these general causes into causal pathways that represent specific models of succession. Our framework represents a systematic approach to identifying the main feedback processes and causes of variation at different successional stages. It can be used for systematic comparisons among study sites and along environmental gradients, to conceptualise studies, and to guide the formulation of research questions and design of field studies. Mapping an extensive field study onto our conceptual framework revealed that the pathways representing the study's empirical outcomes and conceptual model had important differences, underlining the need to move beyond the conceptual models that currently dominate in specific fields and to find ways to examine the importance of and interactions among alternative causal pathways of succession. To further this aim, we argue for integrating long-term studies across environmental and anthropogenic gradients, combined with controlled experiments and dynamic modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel van Breugel
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Arts Link, #03-01 Block AS2, 117570, Singapore
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore, 138527, Singapore
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Norden
- Centro de Estudios Socioecológicos y Cambio Global, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Avenida Circunvalar #16-20, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge A Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Lucy Amissah
- CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, UPO Box 63, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wirong Chanthorn
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Jatujak District, 10900, Thailand
| | - Robin Chazdon
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Dr, Sippy Downs, Queensland, 4556, Australia
| | - Dylan Craven
- Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, 8580745, Chile
| | - Caroline Farrior
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Stop C0930, Austin, Texas, 78705, USA
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Bruno Hérault
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, F-34398 Montpellier, France & Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Catarina Jakovac
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346, 88034-000, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Edwin Lebrija-Trejos
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel
| | - Miguel Martínez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro # 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja Rüger
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Economics, Institute of Empirical Economic Research, University of Leipzig, Grimmaische Str. 12, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Masha van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy H Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Roosevelt Ave. Tupper Building - 401, Panama City, 0843-03092, Panama
- ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute for Integrative Biology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
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Wu H, Cui H, Fu C, Li R, Qi F, Liu Z, Yang G, Xiao K, Qiao M. Unveiling the crucial role of soil microorganisms in carbon cycling: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168627. [PMID: 37977383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil microorganisms, by actively participating in the decomposition and transformation of organic matter through diverse metabolic pathways, play a pivotal role in carbon cycling within soil systems and contribute to the stabilization of organic carbon, thereby influencing soil carbon storage and turnover. Investigating the processes, mechanisms, and driving factors of soil microbial carbon cycling is crucial for understanding the functionality of terrestrial carbon sinks and effectively addressing climate change. This review comprehensively discusses the role of soil microorganisms in soil carbon cycling from three perspectives: metabolic pathways, microbial communities, and environmental influences. It elucidates the roles of different microbial species in carbon cycling and highlights the impact of microbial interactions and environmental factors on carbon cycling. Through the synthesis of 2171 relevant papers in the Web of Science Core database, we elucidated the ecological community structure, activity, and assembly mechanisms of soil microorganisms crucial to the soil carbon cycle that have been widely analyzed. The integration of soil microbial carbon cycle and its driving factors are vital for accurately predicting and modeling biogeochemical cycles and effectively addressing the challenges posed by global climate change. Such integration is vital for accurately predicting and modeling biogeochemical cycles and effectively addressing the challenges posed by global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiling Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenxi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengyuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhelun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keqing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Min Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Fontaine S, Abbadie L, Aubert M, Barot S, Bloor JMG, Derrien D, Duchene O, Gross N, Henneron L, Le Roux X, Loeuille N, Michel J, Recous S, Wipf D, Alvarez G. Plant-soil synchrony in nutrient cycles: Learning from ecosystems to design sustainable agrosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17034. [PMID: 38273527 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Redesigning agrosystems to include more ecological regulations can help feed a growing human population, preserve soils for future productivity, limit dependency on synthetic fertilizers, and reduce agriculture contribution to global changes such as eutrophication and warming. However, guidelines for redesigning cropping systems from natural systems to make them more sustainable remain limited. Synthetizing the knowledge on biogeochemical cycles in natural ecosystems, we outline four ecological systems that synchronize the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota with the fluctuating nutrient demand of plants. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrients, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. In the ecological systems outlined, synchrony emerges from plant-soil and plant-plant interactions, eco-physiological processes, soil physicochemical processes, and the dynamics of various nutrient reservoirs, including soil organic matter, soil minerals, atmosphere, and a common market. We discuss the relative importance of these ecological systems in regulating nutrient cycles depending on the pedoclimatic context and on the functional diversity of plants and microbes. We offer ideas about how these systems could be stimulated within agrosystems to improve their sustainability. A review of the latest advances in agronomy shows that some of the practices suggested to promote synchrony (e.g., reduced tillage, rotation with perennial plant cover, crop diversification) have already been tested and shown to be effective in reducing nutrient losses, fertilizer use, and N2 O emissions and/or improving biomass production and soil carbon storage. Our framework also highlights new management strategies and defines the conditions for the success of these nature-based practices allowing for site-specific modifications. This new synthetized knowledge should help practitioners to improve the long-term productivity of agrosystems while reducing the negative impact of agriculture on the environment and the climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luc Abbadie
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Aubert
- UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV-Rouen, Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Sébastien Barot
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Juliette M G Bloor
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Olivier Duchene
- ISARA, Research Unit Agroecology and Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Gross
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Xavier Le Roux
- INRAE UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557, VetAgroSup, Microbial Ecology Centre LEM, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Loeuille
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Michel
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Recous
- INRAE, FARE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gaël Alvarez
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Beverly DP, Huenupi E, Gandolfo A, Lietzke CJ, Ficklin DL, Barnes ML, Raff JD, Novick KA, Phillips RP. The forest, the cicadas and the holey fluxes: Periodical cicada impacts on soil respiration depends on tree mycorrhizal type. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14349. [PMID: 38178545 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of billions of periodical cicadas affects plant and animal communities profoundly, yet little is known about cicada impacts on soil carbon fluxes. We investigated the effects of Brood X cicadas (Magicicada septendecim, M. cassinii and M. septendeculain) on soil CO2 fluxes (RS ) in three Indiana forests. We hypothesized RS would be sensitive to emergence hole density, with the greatest effects occurring in soils with the lowest ambient fluxes. In support of our hypothesis, RS increased with increasing hole density and greater effects were observed near AM-associating trees (which expressed lower ambient fluxes) than near EcM-associating trees. Additionally, RS from emergence holes increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of RS by 13%, elevating the Q10 of ecosystem respiration. Brood X cicadas increased annual RS by ca. 2.5%, translating to an additional 717 Gg of CO2 across forested areas. As such, periodical cicadas can have substantial effects on soil processes and biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Beverly
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Biology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Adrien Gandolfo
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Clara J Lietzke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Darren L Ficklin
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Mallory L Barnes
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan D Raff
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kimberly A Novick
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Wang B, McCormack ML, Ricciuto DM, Yang X, Iversen CM. Embracing fine-root system complexity in terrestrial ecosystem modeling. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2871-2885. [PMID: 36861355 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Projecting the dynamics and functioning of the biosphere requires a holistic consideration of whole-ecosystem processes. However, biases toward leaf, canopy, and soil modeling since the 1970s have constantly left fine-root systems being rudimentarily treated. As accelerated empirical advances in the last two decades establish clearly functional differentiation conferred by the hierarchical structure of fine-root orders and associations with mycorrhizal fungi, a need emerges to embrace this complexity to bridge the data-model gap in still extremely uncertain models. Here, we propose a three-pool structure comprising transport and absorptive fine roots with mycorrhizal fungi (TAM) to model vertically resolved fine-root systems across organizational and spatial-temporal scales. Emerging from a conceptual shift away from arbitrary homogenization, TAM builds upon theoretical and empirical foundations as an effective and efficient approximation that balances realism and simplicity. A proof-of-concept demonstration of TAM in a big-leaf model both conservatively and radically shows robust impacts of differentiation within fine-root systems on simulating carbon cycling in temperate forests. Theoretical and quantitative support warrants exploiting its rich potentials across ecosystems and models to confront uncertainties and challenges for a predictive understanding of the biosphere. Echoing a broad trend of embracing ecological complexity in integrative ecosystem modeling, TAM may offer a consistent framework where modelers and empiricists can work together toward this grand goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Daniel M Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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Shao S, Wu J, He H, Moore TR, Bubier J, Larmola T, Juutinen S, Roulet NT. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi mediate the response of ombrotrophic peatlands to fertilization: a modeling study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:80-95. [PMID: 36300568 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ericaceous shrubs adapt to the nutrient-poor conditions in ombrotrophic peatlands by forming symbiotic associations with ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi. Increased nutrient availability may diminish the role of ERM pathways in shrub nutrient uptake, consequently altering the biogeochemical cycling within bogs. To explore the significance of ERM fungi in ombrotrophic peatlands, we developed the model MWMmic (a peat cohort-based biogeochemical model) into MWMmic-NP by explicitly incorporating plant-soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling and ERM fungi processes. The new model was applied to simulate the biogeochemical cycles in the Mer Bleue (MB) bog in Ontario, Canada, and their responses to fertilization. MWMmic_NP reproduced the carbon(C)-N-P cycles and vegetation dynamics observed in the MB bog, and their responses to fertilization. Our simulations showed that fertilization increased shrub biomass by reducing the C allocation to ERM fungi, subsequently suppressing the growth of underlying Sphagnum mosses, and decreasing the peatland C sequestration. Our species removal simulation further demonstrated that ERM fungi were key to maintaining the shrub-moss coexistence and C sink function of bogs. Our results suggest that ERM fungi play a significant role in the biogeochemical cycles in ombrotrophic peatlands and should be considered in future modeling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Shao
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Hongxing He
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Tim R Moore
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jill Bubier
- Department of Environmental Studies, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, 01075, USA
| | - Tuula Larmola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Juutinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nigel T Roulet
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
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9
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Hicks Pries CE, Lankau R, Ingham GA, Legge E, Krol O, Forrester J, Fitch A, Wurzburger N. Differences in soil organic matter between EcM- and AM-dominated forests depend on tree and fungal identity. Ecology 2023; 104:e3929. [PMID: 36424763 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As global change shifts the species composition of forests, we need to understand which species characteristics affect soil organic matter (SOM) cycling to predict future soil carbon (C) storage. Recently, whether a tree species forms a symbiosis with arbuscular (AM) versus ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi has been suggested as a strong predictor of soil C storage, but there is wide variability within EcM systems. In this study, we investigated how mycorrhizal associations and the species composition of canopy trees and mycorrhizal fungi related to the proportion of soil C and nitrogen (N) in mineral associations and soil C:N across four sites representing distinct climates and tree communities in the eastern US broadleaf forest biome. In two of our sites, we found the expected relationship of declining mineral-associated C and N and increasing soil C:N ratios as the basal area of EcM-associating trees increased. However, across all sites these soil properties strongly correlated with canopy tree and fungal species composition. Sites where the expected pattern with EcM basal area was observed were (1) dominated by trees with lower quality litter in the Pinaceae and Fagaceae families and (2) dominated by EcM fungi with medium-distance exploration type hyphae, melanized tissues, and the potential to produce peroxidases. This observational study demonstrates that differences in SOM between AM and EcM systems are dependent on the taxa of trees and EcM fungi involved. Important information is lost when the rich mycorrhizal symbiosis is reduced to two categories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Lankau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Eva Legge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Owen Krol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jodi Forrester
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amelia Fitch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Nina Wurzburger
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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10
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Derrien D, Barré P, Basile-Doelsch I, Cécillon L, Chabbi A, Crème A, Fontaine S, Henneron L, Janot N, Lashermes G, Quénéa K, Rees F, Dignac MF. Current controversies on mechanisms controlling soil carbon storage: implications for interactions with practitioners and policy-makers. A review. AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2023; 43:21. [PMID: 36777236 PMCID: PMC9901420 DOI: 10.1007/s13593-023-00876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is currently an intense debate about the potential for additional organic carbon storage in soil, the strategies by which it may be accomplished and what the actual benefits might be for agriculture and the climate. Controversy forms an essential part of the scientific process, but on the topic of soil carbon storage, it may confuse the agricultural community and the general public and may delay actions to fight climate change. In an attempt to shed light on this topic, the originality of this article lies in its intention to provide a balanced description of contradictory scientific opinions on soil carbon storage and to examine how the scientific community can support decision-making despite the controversy. In the first part, we review and attempt to reconcile conflicting views on the mechanisms controlling organic carbon dynamics in soil. We discuss the divergent opinions about chemical recalcitrance, the microbial or plant origin of persistent soil organic matter, the contribution of particulate organic matter to additional organic carbon storage in soil, and the spatial and energetic inaccessibility of soil organic matter to decomposers. In the second part, we examine the advantages and limitations of big data management and modeling, which are essential tools to link the latest scientific theories with the actions taken by stakeholders. Finally, we show how the analysis and discussion of controversies can guide scientists in supporting stakeholders for the design of (i) appropriate trade-offs for biomass use in agriculture and forestry and (ii) climate-smart management practices, keeping in mind their still unresolved effects on soil carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Barré
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Lauric Cécillon
- Laboratoire de Géologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, IPSL, Paris, France
| | - Abad Chabbi
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Alexandra Crème
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Sébastien Fontaine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Henneron
- USC ECODIV-Rouen 7603, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INRAE, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Noémie Janot
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Lashermes
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Katell Quénéa
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rees
- UMR EcoSys, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Marie-France Dignac
- INRAE, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR iEES-Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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11
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Plant Traits and Phylogeny Predict Soil Carbon and Nutrient Cycling in Mediterranean Mixed Forests. Ecosystems 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSoil functioning is closely linked to the interactions between biological communities with the physical environment. Yet, the impact of plant community attributes on metabolic processes promoting soil nutrient cycling remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that the plant community acts as a regulating agent of nutrient mobilization in soils according to the phylogenetic and morpho-functional traits of plant species of which it is composed. Rhizosphere soils were collected in autumn and spring under 32 tree and shrub species in two Mediterranean mixed forests (four plots in each) located in southern Spain, and nine soil enzymatic activities related to C, N and P mobilization were assessed. Phylogeny and morpho-functional traits of plant species were recorded and their imprint in soil enzymatic activities across forests was determined. The results showed a plant phylogenetic signal for N mobilization in both forests, while it varied across forests for non-labile C and P mobilization. The plant phylogenetic signals were primarily driven by lineages that diversified through the Miocene, about 25 Myr ago. In addition, leaf traits and plant’s mycorrhizal type explained soil enzymatic activities independently from phylogeny. C and P mobilization increased under ectomycorrhizal plants, whilst enhanced N mobilization did occur under arbuscular mycorrhizal ones. The plant community composition led to a different carbon and nutrient mobilization degree, which in turn was mediated by distinct microbial communities mirroring differentiated resource-acquisition strategies of plants. Our results highlight the role of plant traits and mycorrhizal interactions in modulating carbon and nutrient cycling in Mediterranean mixed forest soils.
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12
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Friggens NL, Hartley IP, Parker TC, Subke J, Wookey PA. Trees out‐forage understorey shrubs for nitrogen patches in a subarctic mountain birch forest. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina L. Friggens
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, Univ. of Exeter Exeter UK
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Univ. of Stirling Stirling UK
| | - Iain P. Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, Univ. of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Thomas C. Parker
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Inst. Craigiebuckler Aberdeen UK
| | - Jens‐Arne Subke
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Univ. of Stirling Stirling UK
| | - Philip A. Wookey
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Univ. of Stirling Stirling UK
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13
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Sridhar B, Wilhelm RC, Debenport SJ, Fahey TJ, Buckley DH, Goodale CL. Microbial community shifts correspond with suppression of decomposition 25 years after liming of acidic forest soils. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5399-5415. [PMID: 35770362 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community structure and function regularly covary with soil pH, yet effects of these interactions on soil carbon are rarely tested experimentally within natural ecosystems. We investigated the enduring (25 year) impacts of liming on microbial community structure and decomposition at an acidic northern hardwood forest, where experimental liming increased pH one unit and surprisingly doubled the organic carbon stocks of the forest floor. We show that this increase in carbon storage corresponded with restructuring of the bacterial and fungal communities that drive decomposition. In the Oe horizon, liming reduced the activities of five extracellular enzymes that mediate decomposition, while the Oa horizon showed an especially large (64%) reduction in the activity of a sixth, peroxidase, which is an oxidative enzyme central to lignocellulose degradation. Decreased enzyme activities corresponded with loss of microbial taxa important for lignocellulose decay, including large reductions in the dominant ectomycorrhizal genera Russula and Cenococcum, saprotrophic and wood decaying fungi, and Actinobacteria (Thermomonosporaceae). These results demonstrate the importance of pH as a dominant regulator of microbial community structure and illustrate how changes to this structure can produce large, otherwise unexpected increases in carbon storage in forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Sridhar
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Roland C Wilhelm
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Spencer J Debenport
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Timothy J Fahey
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daniel H Buckley
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christine L Goodale
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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14
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Panchal P, Preece C, Peñuelas J, Giri J. Soil carbon sequestration by root exudates. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:749-757. [PMID: 35606255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root exudates are well-known 'labile' sources of soil carbon that can prime microbial activity. Recent investigations suggest that the stability of labile carbon inputs in soil mostly depends upon the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the surroundings. Here, we propose that, in some ecosystems, such as forests and grasslands, root exudates can function as a source of soil organic carbon (SOC) that can be stabilized through various mechanisms leading to long-term sequestration. Increasing soil carbon sequestration is important for capturing atmospheric CO2 and combating climate change issues. Thus, there is an urgent need to preserve existing ecosystems and to adopt strategies such as afforestation, reforestation, and establishment of artificial grasslands to foster carbon sequestration through higher root exudate inputs in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Panchal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Catherine Preece
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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15
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Braghiere RK, Fisher JB, Allen K, Brzostek E, Shi M, Yang X, Ricciuto DM, Fisher RA, Zhu Q, Phillips RP. Modeling Global Carbon Costs of Plant Nitrogen and Phosphorus Acquisition. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2022; 14:e2022MS003204. [PMID: 36245670 PMCID: PMC9539603 DOI: 10.1029/2022ms003204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Most Earth system models (ESMs) do not explicitly represent the carbon (C) costs of plant nutrient acquisition, which leads to uncertainty in predictions of the current and future constraints to the land C sink. We integrate a plant productivity-optimizing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition model (fixation & uptake of nutrients, FUN) into the energy exascale Earth system (E3SM) land model (ELM). Global plant N and P uptake are dynamically simulated by ELM-FUN based on the C costs of nutrient acquisition from mycorrhizae, direct root uptake, retranslocation from senescing leaves, and biological N fixation. We benchmarked ELM-FUN with three classes of products: ILAMB, a remotely sensed nutrient limitation product, and CMIP6 models; we found significant improvements in C cycle variables, although the lack of more observed nutrient data prevents a comprehensive level of benchmarking. Overall, we found N and P co-limitation for 80% of land area, with the remaining 20% being either predominantly N or P limited. Globally, the new model predicts that plants invested 4.1 Pg C yr-1 to acquire 841.8 Tg N yr-1 and 48.1 Tg P yr-1 (1994-2005), leading to significant downregulation of global net primary production (NPP). Global NPP is reduced by 20% with C costs of N and 50% with C costs of NP. Modeled and observed nutrient limitation agreement increases when N and P are considered together (r 2 from 0.73 to 0.83).
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Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Braghiere
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and EngineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - J. B. Fisher
- Schmid College of Science and TechnologyChapman UniversityOrangeCAUSA
| | - K. Allen
- Manaaki Whenua—Landcare ResearchLincolnNew Zealand
| | - E. Brzostek
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA
| | - M. Shi
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - X. Yang
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - D. M. Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - R. A. Fisher
- Center for International Climate ResearchOsloNorway
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité BiologiqueCNRS:UMRUniversité Paul SabatierToulouseFrance
| | - Q. Zhu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionClimate Sciences DepartmentLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
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16
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Yan G, Wang Q, Han S, Guo Z, Yu J, Wang W, Fan C, Cao W, Wang L, Xing Y, Zhang Z. Beneficial effects of warming on temperate tree carbon storage depend on precipitation and mycorrhizal types. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:153086. [PMID: 35038543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite evidence from multiple observation data sets and numerical model simulations that interactions between biotic and abiotic factors control tree carbon (C) storage in the Northern Hemisphere, it remains unclear whether the effect of one factor will be altered by other factors. Here, we used forest inventory data consisting of more than 500,000 trees from 1910 plots to explore the relative importance of these drivers of plant C storage in northeast China. We found that tree C storage was significantly positively associated with mean annual temperature (MAT). After controlling for the role of mean annual precipitation (MAP), directionality in the tree C storage-MAT relationship reversed, indicating that the direction of MAT affecting tree C storage depends on MAP. Accounting for the effects of tree-fungal symbioses on plant resistance to drought and warming, we found that warming increased AM tree C storage even after controlling the role of MAP, but decreased EcM tree C storage after controlling the role of MAP. Our analysis also shows that species richness, especially the relative richness of AM tree species, had a significantly positive relationship with all types of tree C storage. Our findings have implications for improving temperate forest C sink and afforestation strategies: the increasing richness of AM trees has the potential to enhance the tree C sink and reduce the sensitivity of warming-induced tree growth benefits to changes in precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Qinggui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Shijie Han
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhongling Guo
- School of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chunnan Fan
- School of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yajuan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China; College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
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17
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Ma J, Wang W, Yang J, Qin S, Yang Y, Sun C, Pei G, Zeeshan M, Liao H, Liu L, Huang J. Mycorrhizal symbiosis promotes the nutrient content accumulation and affects the root exudates in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:64. [PMID: 35123400 PMCID: PMC8817564 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of important symbiotic microorganisms found in ecosystems. Maize is the second most produced food crop globally. To investigate the mechanisms by which mycorrhizal symbiosis improves maize yields, the effects of mycorrhizal symbiosis on root vigor, nutrient accumulation in various tissues, and root exudates were investigated. We propose the following hypothesis: The secretion of organic acids in root exudates has antagonistic or synergistic effects, which are related to the rhizosphere environment. AMF symbiosis will enhance this effect. RESULT Rhizophagus aggreatus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Funneliformis mosseae were used to inoculate maize plants separately; meanwhile, maize was inoculated with the above three fungi together for another processing. The plant tissues were sampled at five growth stages: V12 (twelve-leaf), VT (Tassel), R1 (Silking), R2 (Blister), and R4 (Dough stage). The root vigor, and nutrient content in different maize organs and organic acids in root exudates were determined in these stages. The results show that mycorrhizal symbiosis significantly improved the root vigor of maize, especially for plants inoculated with F. mosseae. AMF symbiosis significantly increased N, P, and K accumulation. Mixed inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi significantly promoted the accumulation of N and K in maize. P accumulation was significantly promoted by C. etunicatum inoculation. Mycorrhizal symbiosis reduced the levels of protocatechuic, vanillic, citric, and ferulic acid in maize root exudates and increased the levels of p-hydroxybenzoic and caffeic acid. Except for syringic, chlorogenic and succinic acid, the levels of other organic acids in root exudates were higher in plants inoculated with F. mosseae than in other treatments. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that mycorrhizal symbiosis improves root vigor and promotes nutrient accumulation at various sites; in addition, mycorrhizal symbiosis affects the content of organic acids in root exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Ma
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Juan Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Shengfeng Qin
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Yisen Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Gen Pei
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Honglin Liao
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Lu Liu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
| | - Jinghua Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 Guangxi China
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18
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Beidler KV, Oh YE, Pritchard SG, Phillips RP. Mycorrhizal roots slow the decay of belowground litters in a temperate hardwood forest. Oecologia 2021; 197:743-755. [PMID: 34626268 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that plant roots and mycorrhizal fungi, whether living or dead, play a central role in soil carbon (C) cycling. Root-mycorrhizal-microbial interactions can both suppress and enhance litter decay, with the net result dependent upon belowground nutrient acquisition strategies and soil nutrient availability. We measured the net effect of living roots and mycorrhizal fungi on the decay of dead roots and fungal hyphae in a hardwood forest dominated by either sugar maple (Acer saccharum) or white oak (Quercus alba) trees. Root and fungal litter were allowed to decompose within root-ingrowth bags and root-exclusion cores. In conjunction with root effects on decay, we assessed foraging responses and root induced changes in soil moisture, nitrogen (N) availability and enzyme activity. After 1 year, maple root production increased, and mycorrhizal fungal colonization decreased in the presence of decaying litter. In addition, we found that actively foraging roots suppressed the decay of root litter (- 14%) more than fungal litter (- 3%), and suppression of root decay was stronger for oak (- 20%) than maple roots (- 8%). Suppressive effects of oak roots on decay were greatest when roots also reduced soil N availability, which corresponded with reductions in hydrolytic enzyme activity and enhanced oxidative enzyme activities. These findings further our understanding of context-dependent drivers of root-mycorrhizal-microbial interactions and demonstrate that such interactions can play an underappreciated role in soil organic matter accumulation and turnover in temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katilyn V Beidler
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Young E Oh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Seth G Pritchard
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29424, USA
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19
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Jian J, Bond-Lamberty B, Hao D, Sulman BN, Patel KF, Zheng J, Dorheim K, Pennington SC, Hartman MD, Warner D, Wieder WR. Leveraging observed soil heterotrophic respiration fluxes as a novel constraint on global-scale models. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5392-5403. [PMID: 34241937 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbially explicit models may improve understanding and projections of carbon dynamics in response to future climate change, but their fidelity in simulating global-scale soil heterotrophic respiration (RH ), a stringent test for soil biogeochemical models, has never been evaluated. We used statistical global RH products, as well as 7821 daily site-scale RH measurements, to evaluate the spatiotemporal performance of one first-order decay model (CASA-CNP) and two microbially explicit biogeochemical models (CORPSE and MIMICS) that were forced by two different input datasets. CORPSE and MIMICS did not provide any measurable performance improvement; instead, the models were highly sensitive to the input data used to drive them. Spatial variability in RH fluxes was generally well simulated except in the northern middle latitudes (~50°N) and arid regions; models captured the seasonal variability of RH well, but showed more divergence in tropic and arctic regions. Our results demonstrate that the next generation of biogeochemical models shows promise but also needs to be improved for realistic spatiotemporal variability of RH . Finally, we emphasize the importance of net primary production, soil moisture, and soil temperature inputs, and that jointly evaluating soil models for their spatial (global scale) and temporal (site scale) performance provides crucial benchmarks for improving biogeochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshi Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dalei Hao
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin N Sulman
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kaizad F Patel
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jianqiu Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kalyn Dorheim
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie C Pennington
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Melannie D Hartman
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dan Warner
- Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - William R Wieder
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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20
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Harrison SP, Cramer W, Franklin O, Prentice IC, Wang H, Brännström Å, de Boer H, Dieckmann U, Joshi J, Keenan TF, Lavergne A, Manzoni S, Mengoli G, Morfopoulos C, Peñuelas J, Pietsch S, Rebel KT, Ryu Y, Smith NG, Stocker BD, Wright IJ. Eco-evolutionary optimality as a means to improve vegetation and land-surface models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:2125-2141. [PMID: 34131932 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global vegetation and land-surface models embody interdisciplinary scientific understanding of the behaviour of plants and ecosystems, and are indispensable to project the impacts of environmental change on vegetation and the interactions between vegetation and climate. However, systematic errors and persistently large differences among carbon and water cycle projections by different models highlight the limitations of current process formulations. In this review, focusing on core plant functions in the terrestrial carbon and water cycles, we show how unifying hypotheses derived from eco-evolutionary optimality (EEO) principles can provide novel, parameter-sparse representations of plant and vegetation processes. We present case studies that demonstrate how EEO generates parsimonious representations of core, leaf-level processes that are individually testable and supported by evidence. EEO approaches to photosynthesis and primary production, dark respiration and stomatal behaviour are ripe for implementation in global models. EEO approaches to other important traits, including the leaf economics spectrum and applications of EEO at the community level are active research areas. Independently tested modules emerging from EEO studies could profitably be integrated into modelling frameworks that account for the multiple time scales on which plants and plant communities adjust to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy P Harrison
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wolfgang Cramer
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, F-13545, France
| | - Oskar Franklin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Han Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Åke Brännström
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Hugo de Boer
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Vening Meinesz Building, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Jaideep Joshi
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aliénor Lavergne
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Mengoli
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Catherine Morfopoulos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Stephan Pietsch
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, 2361, Austria
- BOKU - University of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Gregor-Medel-Strasse 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Karin T Rebel
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Vening Meinesz Building, Princetonlaan 8a, Utrecht, 3584 CB, the Netherlands
| | - Youngryel Ryu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Nicholas G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, 2901 Main Street, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich, CH-8092, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zrcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
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21
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Bicharanloo B, Cavagnaro TR, Keitel C, Dijkstra FA. Nitrogen Fertilisation Increases Specific Root Respiration in Ectomycorrhizal but Not in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants: A Meta-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:711720. [PMID: 34421960 PMCID: PMC8377726 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.711720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants spend a high proportion of their photosynthetically fixed carbon (C) belowground to support mycorrhizal associations in return for nutrients, but this C expenditure may decrease with increased soil nutrient availability. In this study, we assessed how the effects of nitrogen (N) fertiliser on specific root respiration (SRR) varied among mycorrhizal type (Myco type). We conducted a multi-level meta-analysis across 1,600 observations from 32 publications. SRR increased in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants with more than 100 kg N ha-1 applied, did not change in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants, but increased in plants with a dual mycorrhizal association in response to N fertilisation. Our results suggest that high N availability (>100 kg N ha-1) could disadvantage the growth of ECM plants because of increased C costs associated with maintaining higher root N concentrations, while the insensitivity in SRR by AM plants to N fertilisation may be because AM fungi are more important for phosphorus (P) uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Bicharanloo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy R. Cavagnaro
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Claudia Keitel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Feike A. Dijkstra
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
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22
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Waring BG, De Guzman ME, Du DV, Dupuy JM, Gei M, Gutknecht J, Hulshof C, Jelinski N, Margenot AJ, Medvigy D, Pizano C, Salgado‐Negret B, Schwartz NB, Trierweiler AM, Van Bloem SJ, Vargas G. G, Powers JS. Soil biogeochemistry across Central and South American tropical dry forests. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie G. Waring
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah 84321 USA
| | - Mark E. De Guzman
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Dan V. Du
- Department of Soil & Water Systems University of Idaho Moscow Idaho 83844 USA
| | - Juan M. Dupuy
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY) Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo Mérida Yucatán C.P. 97205 México
| | - Maga Gei
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jessica Gutknecht
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Catherine Hulshof
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Nicolas Jelinski
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Andrew J. Margenot
- Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - David Medvigy
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana 46556 USA
| | - Camila Pizano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Icesi Calle 18 # 122‐135 Cali Colombia
| | - Beatriz Salgado‐Negret
- Departamento de Biología Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá Carrera 30 Calle 45 Bogotá Colombia
| | - Naomi B. Schwartz
- Department of Geography University of British Columbia 1984 West Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z2 Canada
| | | | - Skip J. Van Bloem
- Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University Georgetown South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - German Vargas G.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
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23
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Eastman BA, Adams MB, Brzostek ER, Burnham MB, Carrara JE, Kelly C, McNeil BE, Walter CA, Peterjohn WT. Altered plant carbon partitioning enhanced forest ecosystem carbon storage after 25 years of nitrogen additions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1435-1448. [PMID: 33544877 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Decades of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in the northeastern USA have enhanced this globally important forest carbon (C) sink by relieving N limitation. While many N fertilization experiments found increased forest C storage, the mechanisms driving this response at the ecosystem scale remain uncertain. Following the optimal allocation theory, augmented N availability may reduce belowground C investment by trees to roots and soil symbionts. To test this prediction and its implications on soil biogeochemistry, we constructed C and N budgets for a long-term, whole-watershed N fertilization study at the Fernow Experimental Forest, WV, USA. Nitrogen fertilization increased C storage by shifting C partitioning away from belowground components and towards aboveground woody biomass production. Fertilization also reduced the C cost of N acquisition, allowing for greater C sequestration in vegetation. Despite equal fine litter inputs, the C and N stocks and C : N ratio of the upper mineral soil were greater in the fertilized watershed, likely due to reduced decomposition of plant litter. By combining aboveground and belowground data at the watershed scale, this study demonstrates how plant C allocation responses to N additions may result in greater C storage in both vegetation and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Eastman
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Life Sciences Building, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Mary B Adams
- USDA Forest Service, 180 Canfield Street, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Edward R Brzostek
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Life Sciences Building, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Mark B Burnham
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1200 IGB, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Joseph E Carrara
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Life Sciences Building, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Charlene Kelly
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, 337 Percival Hall, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Brenden E McNeil
- Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, Brooks Hall, 98 Beechurst Ave., Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Christopher A Walter
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Life Sciences Building, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - William T Peterjohn
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Life Sciences Building, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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24
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Lang AK, Jevon FV, Vietorisz CR, Ayres MP, Hatala Matthes J. Fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi accelerate leaf litter decomposition in a northern hardwood forest regardless of dominant tree mycorrhizal associations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:316-326. [PMID: 33341954 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
●Fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi may either stimulate leaf litter decomposition by providing free-living decomposers with root-derived carbon, or may slow decomposition through nutrient competition between mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. ●We reduced the presence of fine roots and their associated mycorrhizal fungi in a northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA by soil trenching. Plots spanned a mycorrhizal gradient from 96% arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations to 100% ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-associated tree basal area. We incubated four species of leaf litter within these plots in areas with reduced access to roots and mycorrhizal fungi and in adjacent areas with intact roots and mycorrhizal fungi. ●Over a period of 608 d, we found that litter decayed more rapidly in the presence of fine roots and mycorrhizal hyphae regardless of the dominant tree mycorrhizal association. Root and mycorrhizal exclusion reduced the activity of acid phosphatase on decomposing litter. ●Our results indicate that both AM- and ECM-associated fine roots stimulate litter decomposition in this system. These findings suggest that the effect of fine roots and mycorrhizal fungi on litter decay in a particular ecosystem likely depends on whether interactions between mycorrhizal roots and saprotrophic fungi are antagonistic or facilitative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Lang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Fiona V Jevon
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - Matthew P Ayres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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25
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Chen L, Fang K, Wei B, Qin S, Feng X, Hu T, Ji C, Yang Y. Soil carbon persistence governed by plant input and mineral protection at regional and global scales. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1018-1028. [PMID: 33709557 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the processes underlying the persistence of soil organic matter (SOM) is a prerequisite for projecting soil carbon feedback to climate change. However, the potential role of plant carbon input in regulating the multi-layer SOM preservation over broad geographic scales remains unclear. Based on large-scale soil radiocarbon (∆14 C) measurements on the Tibetan Plateau, we found that plant carbon input was the major contributor to topsoil carbon destabilisation despite the significant associations of topsoil ∆14 C with climatic and mineral variables as well as SOM chemical composition. By contrast, mineral protection by iron-aluminium oxides and cations became more important in preserving SOM in deep soils. These regional observations were confirmed by a global synthesis derived from the International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD). Our findings illustrate different effects of plant carbon input on SOM persistence across soil layers, providing new insights for models to better predict multi-layer soil carbon dynamics under changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Kai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuehui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chengjun Ji
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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26
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Keller AB, Brzostek ER, Craig ME, Fisher JB, Phillips RP. Root‐derived inputs are major contributors to soil carbon in temperate forests, but vary by mycorrhizal type. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:626-635. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne B. Keller
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington IM USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Twin Cities Minneapolis MN USA
| | | | - Matthew E. Craig
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA
| | - Joshua B. Fisher
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and EngineeringUniversity of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
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27
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See CR, Fernandez CW, Conley AM, DeLancey LC, Heckman KA, Kennedy PG, Hobbie SE. Distinct carbon fractions drive a generalisable two‐pool model of fungal necromass decomposition. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. See
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Chris W. Fernandez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Anna M. Conley
- Department of Chemistry Carleton College Northfield MN USA
| | - Lang C. DeLancey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | | | - Peter G. Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
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28
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Plett KL, Kohler A, Lebel T, Singan VR, Bauer D, He G, Ng V, Grigoriev IV, Martin F, Plett JM, Anderson IC. Intra-species genetic variability drives carbon metabolism and symbiotic host interactions in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus microcarpus. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:2004-2020. [PMID: 33185936 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are integral to boreal and temperate forest ecosystem functioning and nutrient cycling. ECM fungi, however, originate from diverse saprotrophic lineages and the impacts of genetic variation across species, and especially within a given ECM species, on function and interactions with the environment is not well understood. Here, we explore the extent of intra-species variation between four isolates of the ECM fungus Pisolithus microcarpus, in terms of gene regulation, carbon metabolism and growth, and interactions with a host, Eucalyptus grandis. We demonstrate that, while a core response to the host is maintained by all of the isolates tested, they have distinct patterns of gene expression and carbon metabolism, resulting in the differential expression of isolate-specific response pathways in the host plant. Together, these results highlight the importance of using a wider range of individuals within a species to understand the broader ecological roles of ECM fungi and their host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRAE GrandEst-Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Teresa Lebel
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Vasanth R Singan
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Diane Bauer
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Guifen He
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Francis Martin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRAE GrandEst-Nancy, Champenoux, 54280, France
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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29
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Park KH, Oh SY, Yoo S, Fong JJ, Kim CS, Jo JW, Lim YW. Influence of Season and Soil Properties on Fungal Communities of Neighboring Climax Forests ( Carpinus cordata and Fraxinus rhynchophylla). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:572706. [PMID: 33193174 PMCID: PMC7655983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trees in forest ecosystems constantly interact with the soil fungal community, and this interaction plays a key role in nutrient cycling. The diversity of soil fungal communities is affected by both environmental factors and host tree species. We investigated the influence of both of these factors by examining the total fungal communities in the rhizospheric soil of climax tree species that have similar ecological roles (Carpinus cordata, an ectomycorrhizal [ECM] tree, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla, an arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] tree) in temperate forests with continental climates of Mt. Jeombong, South Korea. Fungal communities were assessed by Illumina-MiSeq sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of environmental DNA, and comparing their environmental factors (season and soil properties). We found that soil fungi of the two forest types differed in terms of community structure and ecological guild composition. The total fungal community composition changed significantly with seasons and soil properties in the F. rhynchophylla forest, but not in the C. cordata forest. However, potassium and carbon were significantly correlated with fungal diversity in both forests, and a positive correlation was found only between symbiotrophs of C. cordata and the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Thus, the effects of environmental factors on soil fungal communities depended on the host trees, but some factors were common in both forests. Our results indicate that individual tree species should be considered when anticipating how the fungal communities will respond to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyeong Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yoon Oh
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Shinnam Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Chang Sun Kim
- Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Won Jo
- Forest Biodiversity Division, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, South Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Eaton WD, McGee KM, Alderfer K, Jimenez AR, Hajibabaei M. Increase in abundance and decrease in richness of soil microbes following Hurricane Otto in three primary forest types in the Northern Zone of Costa Rica. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231187. [PMID: 32730267 PMCID: PMC7392270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known of how hurricane-induced deposition of canopy material onto tropical forest floors influences the soil microbial communities involved in decomposition of these materials. In this study, to identify how soil bacterial and fungal communities might change after a hurricane, and their possible roles in the C and N cycles, soils were collected from five 2000 m2 permanent plots in Lowland, Upland and Riparian primary forests in Costa Rica 3 months before and 7 months after Hurricane Otto damaged the forests. The soil Water, inorganic N and Biomass C increased and total organic C decreased Post-Hurricane, all of which best predicted the changes in the Post-Hurricane soil microbial communities. Post-Hurricane soils from all forest types showed significant changes in community composition of total bacteria, total fungi, and five functional groups of microbes (i.e., degrading/lignin degrading, NH4+-producing, and ammonium oxidizing bacteria, and the complex C degrading/wood rot/lignin degrading and ectomycorrhizal fungi), along with a decrease in richness in genera of all groups. As well, the mean proportion of DNA sequences (MPS) of all five functional groups increased. There were also significant changes in the MPS values of 7 different fungal and 7 different bacterial genera that were part of these functional groups. This is the first evidence that hurricane-induced deposition of canopy material is stimulating changes in the soil microbial communities after the hurricane, involving changes in specific taxonomic and functional group genera, and reduction in the community richness while selecting for dominant genera possibly better suited to process the canopy material. These changes may represent examples of taxonomic switching of functionally redundant microbial genera in response to dramatic changes in resource input. It is possible that differences in these microbial communities and genera may serve as indicators of disturbed and recovering regional soil ecosystems, and should be evaluated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Eaton
- Biology Department, Pace University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Katie M. McGee
- Department of Integrative Biology, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kiley Alderfer
- Biology Department, Pace University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Mehrdad Hajibabaei
- Department of Integrative Biology, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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31
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Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Participation in Nutrient Turnover and Community Assembly Pattern in Forest Ecosystems. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) are involved in soil nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. These fungi can promote the uptake of nutrients (e.g., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) and water by host plants, as well as facilitate host plant growth and resistance to stresses and diseases, thereby maintaining the aboveground primary productivity of forest ecosystems. Moreover, EcMF can acquire the carbon (C) sources needed for their growth from the host plants. The nutrient regulation mechanisms of EcMF mainly include the decay of soil organic matter via enzymatic degradation, nonenzymatic mechanism (Fenton chemistry), and priming effects, which in turn promote C and N cycling. At the same time, EcMF can secrete organic acids and phosphatases to improve the availability of soil P, or increase mycelium inputs to facilitate plant acquisition of P. The spatiotemporal distribution of EcMF is influenced by a combination of historical factors and contemporary environmental factors. The community of EcMF is associated with various factors, such as climate change, soil conditions, and host distribution. Under global climate change, investigating the relationships between the nutrient cycling functions of EcMF communities and their distribution patterns under various spatiotemporal scales is conducive to more accurate assessments of the ecological effects of EcMF on the sustainable development of forest.
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32
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Fernandez CW, See CR, Kennedy PG. Decelerated carbon cycling by ectomycorrhizal fungi is controlled by substrate quality and community composition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:569-582. [PMID: 31622518 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between symbiotic ectomycorrhizal (EM) and free-living saprotrophs can result in significant deceleration of leaf litter decomposition. While this phenomenon is widely cited, its generality remains unclear, as both the direction and magnitude of EM fungal effects on leaf litter decomposition have been shown to vary among studies. Here we explicitly examine how contrasting leaf litter types and EM fungal communities may lead to differential effects on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. Specifically, we measured the response of soil nutrient cycling, litter decay rates, litter chemistry and fungal community structure to the reduction of EM fungi (via trenching) with a reciprocal litter transplant experiment in adjacent Pinus- or Quercus-dominated sites. We found clear evidence of EM fungal suppression of C and N cycling in the Pinus-dominated site, but no suppression in the Quercus-dominated site. Additionally, in the Pinus-dominated site, only the Pinus litter decay rates were decelerated by EM fungi and were associated with decoupling of litter C and N cycling. Our results support the hypothesis that EM fungi can decelerate C cycling via N competition, but strongly suggest that the 'Gadgil effect' is dependent on both substrate quality and EM fungal community composition. We argue that understanding tree host traits as well as EM fungal functional diversity is critical to a more mechanistic understanding of how EM fungi mediate forest soil biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Fernandez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Craig R See
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Stuart EK, Plett KL. Digging Deeper: In Search of the Mechanisms of Carbon and Nitrogen Exchange in Ectomycorrhizal Symbioses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1658. [PMID: 31993064 PMCID: PMC6971170 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi is an advantageous partnership for trees in nutrient-limited environments. Ectomycorrhizal fungi colonize the roots of their hosts and improve their access to nutrients, usually nitrogen (N) and, in exchange, trees deliver a significant portion of their photosynthetic carbon (C) to the fungi. This nutrient exchange affects key soil processes and nutrient cycling, as well as plant health, and is therefore central to forest ecosystem functioning. Due to their ecological importance, there is a need to more accurately understand ECM fungal mediated C and N movement within forest ecosystems such that we can better model and predict their role in soil processes both now and under future climate scenarios. There are a number of hurdles that we must overcome, however, before this is achievable such as understanding how the evolutionary history of ECM fungi and their inter- and intra- species variability affect their function. Further, there is currently no generally accepted universal mechanism that appears to govern the flux of nutrients between fungal and plant partners. Here, we consider the current state of knowledge on N acquisition and transport by ECM fungi and how C and N exchange may be related or affected by environmental conditions such as N availability. We emphasize the role that modern genomic analysis, molecular biology techniques and more comprehensive and standardized experimental designs may have in bringing cohesion to the numerous ecological studies in this area and assist us in better understanding this important symbiosis. These approaches will help to build unified models of nutrient exchange and develop diagnostic tools to study these fungi at various scales and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krista L. Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
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Frey SD. Mycorrhizal Fungi as Mediators of Soil Organic Matter Dynamics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inhabiting the interface between plant roots and soil, mycorrhizal fungi play a unique but underappreciated role in soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. Their hyphae provide an efficient mechanism for distributing plant carbon throughout the soil, facilitating its deposition into soil pores and onto mineral surfaces, where it can be protected from microbial attack. Mycorrhizal exudates and dead tissues contribute to the microbial necromass pool now known to play a dominant role in SOM formation and stabilization. While mycorrhizal fungi lack the genetic capacity to act as saprotrophs, they use several strategies to access nutrients locked in SOM and thereby promote its decay, including direct enzymatic breakdown, oxidation via Fenton chemistry, and stimulation of heterotrophic microorganisms through carbon provision to the rhizosphere. An additional mechanism, competition with free-living saprotrophs, potentially suppresses SOM decomposition, leading to its accumulation. How these various nutrient acquisition strategies differentially influence SOM formation, stabilization, and loss is an area of critical research need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serita D. Frey
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
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35
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Ven A, Verlinden MS, Verbruggen E, Vicca S. Experimental evidence that phosphorus fertilization and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis can reduce the carbon cost of phosphorus uptake. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ven
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a time of change University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Melanie S. Verlinden
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a time of change University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a time of change University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Sara Vicca
- Research Centre of Excellence Plants and Ecosystems, Ecology in a time of change University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
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36
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Crowther TW, van den Hoogen J, Wan J, Mayes MA, Keiser AD, Mo L, Averill C, Maynard DS. The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry. Science 2019; 365:365/6455/eaav0550. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soil organisms represent the most biologically diverse community on land and govern the turnover of the largest organic matter pool in the terrestrial biosphere. The highly complex nature of these communities at local scales has traditionally obscured efforts to identify unifying patterns in global soil biodiversity and biogeochemistry. As a result, environmental covariates have generally been used as a proxy to represent the variation in soil community activity in global biogeochemical models. Yet over the past decade, broad-scale studies have begun to see past this local heterogeneity to identify unifying patterns in the biomass, diversity, and composition of certain soil groups across the globe. These unifying patterns provide new insights into the fundamental distribution and dynamics of organic matter on land.
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37
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Tedersoo L, Bahram M. Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1857-1880. [PMID: 31270944 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants by improved mineral nutrition and protection against stress, yet information about fundamental differences among mycorrhizal types in fungi and trees and their relative importance in biogeochemical processes is only beginning to accumulate. We critically review and synthesize the ecophysiological differences in ectomycorrhizal, ericoid mycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses and the effect of these mycorrhizal types on soil processes from local to global scales. We demonstrate that guilds of mycorrhizal fungi display substantial differences in genome-encoded capacity for mineral nutrition, particularly acquisition of nitrogen and phosphorus from organic material. Mycorrhizal associations alter the trade-off between allocation to roots or mycelium, ecophysiological traits such as root exudation, weathering, enzyme production, plant protection, and community assembly as well as response to climate change. Mycorrhizal types exhibit differential effects on ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling that affect global elemental fluxes and may mediate biome shifts in response to global change. We also note that most studies performed to date have not been properly replicated and collectively suffer from strong geographical sampling bias towards temperate biomes. We advocate that combining carefully replicated field experiments and controlled laboratory experiments with isotope labelling and -omics techniques offers great promise towards understanding differences in ecophysiology and ecosystem services among mycorrhizal types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohammad Bahram
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
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38
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Mao Z, Corrales A, Zhu K, Yuan Z, Lin F, Ye J, Hao Z, Wang X. Tree mycorrhizal associations mediate soil fertility effects on forest community structure in a temperate forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:475-486. [PMID: 30762231 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil fertility influences plant community structure, yet few studies have focused on how this influence is affected by the type of mycorrhizal association formed by tree species within local communities. We examined the relationship of aboveground biomass (AGB) and diversity of adult trees with soil fertility (nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, etc.) in the context of different spatial distributions of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) trees in a temperate forest in Northeast China. Diversity showed a positive trend along the soil fertility gradient driven mostly by a positive relationship between AM tree abundance and soil fertility. By contrast, the AGB showed a negative trend along the soil fertility gradient driven mostly by a negative relationship between EM tree AGB and soil fertility. Furthermore, the opposite trend in the AGB and tree species diversity along the soil fertility gradient led to an overall negative diversity-biomass relationship at the 50-m scale but not the 20-m scale. These results suggest that tree mycorrhizal associations play a critical role in driving forest community structure along soil fertility gradients and highlight the importance of tree mycorrhizal associations in influencing how the diversity-ecosystem function (e.g. biomass) relationships change with soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Adriana Corrales
- Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Cr. 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, D.C., 111221, Colombia
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Zuoqiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ji Ye
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xugao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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39
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Zak DR, Pellitier PT, Argiroff W, Castillo B, James TY, Nave LE, Averill C, Beidler KV, Bhatnagar J, Blesh J, Classen AT, Craig M, Fernandez CW, Gundersen P, Johansen R, Koide RT, Lilleskov EA, Lindahl BD, Nadelhoffer KJ, Phillips RP, Tunlid A. Exploring the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in soil carbon dynamics. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:33-39. [PMID: 30636276 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi enable plants to access organic nitrogen (N) bound in soil organic matter (SOM) and transfer this growth-limiting nutrient to their plant host, has important implications for our understanding of plant-fungal interactions, and the cycling and storage of carbon (C) and N in terrestrial ecosystems. Empirical evidence currently supports a range of perspectives, suggesting that ECM vary in their ability to provide their host with N bound in SOM, and that this capacity can both positively and negatively influence soil C storage. To help resolve the multiplicity of observations, we gathered a group of researchers to explore the role of ECM fungi in soil C dynamics, and propose new directions that hold promise to resolve competing hypotheses and contrasting observations. In this Viewpoint, we summarize these deliberations and identify areas of inquiry that hold promise for increasing our understanding of these fundamental and widespread plant symbionts and their role in ecosystem-level biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Zak
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter T Pellitier
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - WilliamA Argiroff
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Buck Castillo
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Timothy Y James
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lucas E Nave
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Colin Averill
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kaitlyn V Beidler
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Blesh
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aimée T Classen
- The Rubenstein School of Environment & Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- The Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Matthew Craig
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | | - Per Gundersen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1711, Denmark
| | - Renee Johansen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Santa Fe, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Roger T Koide
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Erik A Lilleskov
- US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 410 Mac Innes Dr., Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Björn D Lindahl
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - Knute J Nadelhoffer
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Anders Tunlid
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology Group, Lund University, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
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40
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Keller AB, Phillips RP. Leaf litter decay rates differ between mycorrhizal groups in temperate, but not tropical, forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:556-564. [PMID: 30299541 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Whereas the primary controls on litter decomposition are well established, we lack a framework for predicting interspecific differences in litter decay within and across ecosystems. Given previous research linking tree mycorrhizal association with carbon and nutrient dynamics, we hypothesized that the two dominant mycorrhizal groups in forests - arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi - differ in litter decomposition rates. We compiled leaf litter chemistry and decay data for AM- and ECM-associating angiosperms and gymnosperms (> 200 species) from temperate and tropical/subtropical, and investigated relationships among decay rates, mycorrhizal association, phylogeny and climate. In temperate forests, AM litters decayed faster than ECM litters, with litter nitrogen and phylogeny best explaining variation in litter decay. In sub/tropical forests, we found no significant difference in litter decay rate between mycorrhizal groups, and variation in decay rates was best explained by litter phosphorus. Our results suggest that knowledge of tree mycorrhizal association may improve predictions of species effects on ecosystem processes, particularly in temperate forests where AM and ECM species commonly co-occur, providing a predictive framework for linking litter quality, organic matter dynamics and nutrient acquisition in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne B Keller
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Jordan Hall, 1001 E. Third St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Richard P Phillips
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Jordan Hall, 1001 E. Third St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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41
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Jo I, Fei S, Oswalt CM, Domke GM, Phillips RP. Shifts in dominant tree mycorrhizal associations in response to anthropogenic impacts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav6358. [PMID: 30989116 PMCID: PMC6457943 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav6358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant-fungal symbioses play critical roles in vegetation dynamics and nutrient cycling, modulating the impacts of global changes on ecosystem functioning. Here, we used forest inventory data consisting of more than 3 million trees to develop a spatially resolved "mycorrhizal tree map" of the contiguous United States. We show that abundances of the two dominant mycorrhizal tree groups-arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal trees-are associated primarily with climate. Further, we show that anthropogenic influences, primarily nitrogen (N) deposition and fire suppression, in concert with climate change, have increased AM tree dominance during the past three decades in the eastern United States. Given that most AM-dominated forests in this region are underlain by soils with high N availability, our results suggest that the increasing abundance of AM trees has the potential to induce nutrient acceleration, with critical consequences for forest productivity, ecosystem carbon and nutrient retention, and feedbacks to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Jo
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Songlin Fei
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christopher M. Oswalt
- Southern Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37919, USA
| | - Grant M. Domke
- Northern Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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42
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Dai X, Fu X, Kou L, Wang H, Shock CC. C:N:P stoichiometry of rhizosphere soils differed significantly among overstory trees and understory shrubs in plantations in subtropical China. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH 2018; 48:1398-1405. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1139/cjfr-2018-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere soil C:N:P stoichiometry is useful for identifying the linkage of plant species and soil nutrients, which can be particularly helpful for understory vegetation management of forest ecosystems. There has been limited research on rhizosphere soil stoichiometry, especially for co-existing overstory and understory plant species. We investigated the bulk and rhizosphere soil C:N:P stoichiometry of dominant overstory trees and understory shrubs (Adinandra millettii, Eurya muricata, and Loropetalum chinense) in Pinus massoniana Lamb., Pinus elliottii Engelm., and Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. plantations in subtropical China. Rhizosphere soil C, N, and P concentrations and ratios increased significantly compared with bulk soil, and those of overstory trees were higher than those of understory shrubs with the exception of L. chinense. Rhizosphere soil C:N, C:P, and N:P of L. chinense were not significantly different with those of overstory trees but were higher than those of A. millettii and E. muricata. Soil pH significantly influenced the profiles produced by soil C, N, and P concentrations and their stoichiometries. This study indicated that the difference in nutrient status between overstory trees and understory shrubs was related to shrub species, in which soil pH was the dominant driving factor. Understory shrub species should be considered in plantation management to reduce resource competition among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Dai
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Processes and Information, Ji’an, 343725, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Processes and Information, Ji’an, 343725, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Processes and Information, Ji’an, 343725, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Processes and Information, Ji’an, 343725, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Clinton C. Shock
- Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR 97914, USA
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Gavazov K, Albrecht R, Buttler A, Dorrepaal E, Garnett MH, Gogo S, Hagedorn F, Mills RTE, Robroek BJM, Bragazza L. Vascular plant-mediated controls on atmospheric carbon assimilation and peat carbon decomposition under climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3911-3921. [PMID: 29569798 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change can alter peatland plant community composition by promoting the growth of vascular plants. How such vegetation change affects peatland carbon dynamics remains, however, unclear. In order to assess the effect of vegetation change on carbon uptake and release, we performed a vascular plant-removal experiment in two Sphagnum-dominated peatlands that represent contrasting stages of natural vegetation succession along a climatic gradient. Periodic measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange revealed that vascular plants play a crucial role in assuring the potential for net carbon uptake, particularly with a warmer climate. The presence of vascular plants, however, also increased ecosystem respiration, and by using the seasonal variation of respired CO2 radiocarbon (bomb-14 C) signature we demonstrate an enhanced heterotrophic decomposition of peat carbon due to rhizosphere priming. The observed rhizosphere priming of peat carbon decomposition was matched by more advanced humification of dissolved organic matter, which remained apparent beyond the plant growing season. Our results underline the relevance of rhizosphere priming in peatlands, especially when assessing the future carbon sink function of peatlands undergoing a shift in vegetation community composition in association with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Gavazov
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL Site Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ecological Systems ECOS, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Remy Albrecht
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL Site Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ecological Systems ECOS, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Buttler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL Site Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ecological Systems ECOS, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR CNRS 6249, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Mark H Garnett
- NERC Radiocarbon Facility (East Kilbride), East Kilbride, UK
| | - Sebastien Gogo
- ISTO, UMR 7327, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
- ISTO, UMR 7327, CNRS, Orléans, France
- ISTO, UMR 7327, BRGM, Orléans, France
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL Site Birmensdorf, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Robert T E Mills
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL Site Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ecological Systems ECOS, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Bjorn J M Robroek
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL Site Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ecological Systems ECOS, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Luca Bragazza
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL Site Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ecological Systems ECOS, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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44
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Craig ME, Turner BL, Liang C, Clay K, Johnson DJ, Phillips RP. Tree mycorrhizal type predicts within-site variability in the storage and distribution of soil organic matter. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3317-3330. [PMID: 29573504 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Forest soils store large amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), yet how predicted shifts in forest composition will impact long-term C and N persistence remains poorly understood. A recent hypothesis predicts that soils under trees associated with arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) store less C than soils dominated by trees associated with ectomycorrhizas (ECM), due to slower decomposition in ECM-dominated forests. However, an incipient hypothesis predicts that systems with rapid decomposition-e.g. most AM-dominated forests-enhance soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization by accelerating the production of microbial residues. To address these contrasting predictions, we quantified soil C and N to 1 m depth across gradients of ECM-dominance in three temperate forests. By focusing on sites where AM- and ECM-plants co-occur, our analysis controls for climatic factors that covary with mycorrhizal dominance across broad scales. We found that while ECM stands contain more SOM in topsoil, AM stands contain more SOM when subsoil to 1 m depth is included. Biomarkers and soil fractionations reveal that these patterns are driven by an accumulation of microbial residues in AM-dominated soils. Collectively, our results support emerging theory on SOM formation, demonstrate the importance of subsurface soils in mediating plant effects on soil C and N, and indicate that shifts in the mycorrhizal composition of temperate forests may alter the stabilization of SOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Craig
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Chao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Terrer C, Vicca S, Stocker BD, Hungate BA, Phillips RP, Reich PB, Finzi AC, Prentice IC. Ecosystem responses to elevated CO 2 governed by plant-soil interactions and the cost of nitrogen acquisition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:507-522. [PMID: 29105765 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 507 I. Introduction 507 II. The return on investment approach 508 III. CO2 response spectrum 510 IV. Discussion 516 Acknowledgements 518 References 518 SUMMARY: Land ecosystems sequester on average about a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. It has been proposed that nitrogen (N) availability will exert an increasingly limiting effect on plants' ability to store additional carbon (C) under rising CO2 , but these mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we review findings from elevated CO2 experiments using a plant economics framework, highlighting how ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 may depend on the costs and benefits of plant interactions with mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic N-fixing microbes. We found that N-acquisition efficiency is positively correlated with leaf-level photosynthetic capacity and plant growth, and negatively with soil C storage. Plants that associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi and N-fixers may acquire N at a lower cost than plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, the additional growth in ectomycorrhizal plants is partly offset by decreases in soil C pools via priming. Collectively, our results indicate that predictive models aimed at quantifying C cycle feedbacks to global change may be improved by treating N as a resource that can be acquired by plants in exchange for energy, with different costs depending on plant interactions with microbial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Terrer
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Benjamin D Stocker
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, 08193, Spain
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | | | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Adrien C Finzi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - I Colin Prentice
- AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
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