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Thaweesapphithak S, Theerapanon T, Rattanapornsompong K, Intarak N, Kanpittaya P, Trachoo V, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12202. [PMID: 37500953 PMCID: PMC10374887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the RUNX2 gene, affecting bone and teeth development. Previous studies focused on mutations in the RUNX2 RHD domain, with limited investigation of mutations in the C-terminal domain. This study aimed to investigate the functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2. Eight mutations were analyzed, and their effects on transactivation activity, protein expression, subcellular localization, and osteogenic potential were studied. Truncating mutations in the PST region and a missense mutation in the NMTS region resulted in increased transactivation activity, while missense mutations in the PST showed activity comparable to the control. Truncating mutations produced truncated proteins, while missense mutations produced normal-sized proteins. Mutant proteins were mislocalized, with six mutant proteins detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. CCD patient bone cells exhibited mislocalization of RUNX2, similar to the generated mutant. Mislocalization of RUNX2 and reduced expression of downstream genes were observed in MSCs from a CCD patient with the p.Ser247Valfs*3 mutation, leading to compromised osteogenic potential. This study provides insight into the functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2, including reduced expression, mislocalization, and aberrant transactivation of downstream genes, contributing to the compromised osteogenic potential observed in CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermporn Thaweesapphithak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Khanti Rattanapornsompong
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narin Intarak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimsiri Kanpittaya
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapat Trachoo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Geriatric and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gong L, Odilov B, Han F, Liu F, Sun Y, Zhang N, Zuo X, Yang J, Wang S, Hou X, Ren J. Identification a novel de novo RUNX2 frameshift mutation associated with cleidocranial dysplasia. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:683-690. [PMID: 35235174 PMCID: PMC9120113 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting bone and cartilage development. Clinical features of CCD comprise short stature, delayed ossification of craniofacial structures with numerous Wormian bones, underdeveloped or aplastic clavicles and multiple dental anomalies. Several studies have revealed that CCD development is strongly linked with different mutations in runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene. OBJECTIVE Identification and functional characterization of RUNX2 mutation associated with CCD. METHODS We performed genetic testing of a patient with CCD using whole exome sequencing and found a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation: c.1550delT in a sporadic case. We also compared the functional activity of the mutant and wild-type RUNX2 through immunofluorescence microscopy and osteocalcin promoter luciferase assay. RESULTS We found a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation, c.1550delT (p.Trp518Glyfs*60). Both mutant RUNX2 and wild-type RUNX2 protein were similarly confined in the nuclei. The novel mutation caused abrogative transactivation activity of RUNX2 on osteocalcin promoter. CONCLUSIONS We explored a novel RUNX2 deletion/frameshift mutation in a sporadic CCD patient. This finding suggests that the VWRPY domain may play a key role in RUNX2 transactivation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bekzod Odilov
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Feng Han
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Zhangqiu District People's Hospital, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ningxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaolin Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China.,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jianmin Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, 250012, China. .,Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Hordyjewska E, Jaruga A, Kandzierski G, Tylzanowski P. Novel Mutation of the RUNX2 Gene in Patients with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:253-260. [PMID: 28878609 DOI: 10.1159/000477307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disorder linked to mutations in the Runt-related transcription factor 2, encoded by the RUNX2 gene, which is essential for osteoblast differentiation and skeletal development. Here, we describe a novel nonsense mutation (c.532C>T; p.Q178X) in RUNX2 identified in 3 affected members of a Polish family with CCD. The localization and transcriptional transactivation studies show that the mutated form of the protein has altered the subcellular localization and significantly decreased transactivation properties, respectively. Consequently, our data show that the c.532C>T mutation generates a defective RUNX2 protein and is genetically linked to the CCD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hordyjewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jaruga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kandzierski
- Children's Orthopedic Clinic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Jung YJ, Bae HS, Ryoo HM, Baek SH. A novel RUNX2 mutation in exon 8, G462X, in a patient with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1152-1162. [PMID: 28703881 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To identify a novel mutation of Runx2 gene in Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) patients and to characterize the functional consequences of this mutation. The subjects consisted of 12 Korean CCD patients. After oral epithelial cells were collected using a mouthwash technique, genomic DNA was extracted. Screening for Runx2 mutation was performed using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products for exons 1-8. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to confirm the novel mutation. For functional studies, we performed luciferase assay for Runx2 transacting activity, cyclohexamide chase assay for Runx2 protein stability, real-time PCR for mRNA level of Runx2 downstream bone marker genes, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining assay in mesenchymal stem cells for osteoblast differentiation. Of the 12 patients, seven showed Runx2 mutations reported previously and four showed no mutation. A novel mutation, G462X in exon 8, which was located in the C-terminus of proline/serine/threonine-rich (PST) domain, was found in one patient. In the luciferase assay, Runx2 transacting activity was decreased in Runx2-G462X transfected cells. In the cyclohexamide chase assay, Runx2-G462X mutation reduced the stability of Runx2 protein. Expression of the bone marker genes (osteocalcin, ALP, Type I collagen αI, matrix metalloproteinase-13, bone sialoprotein, and osteopontin) decreased in G462X-transfected cells. In the ALP staining assay, osteoblast differentiation was reduced in Runx2-G462X overexpressed cell. The G462X mutation might reduce the Runx2 transacting activity, lower the protein stability, downgrade the expression of bone marker genes, and eventually diminish osteoblast differentiation in CCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol Bae
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Baek
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yu Y, Al-Mansoori L, Opas M. Optimized osteogenic differentiation protocol from R1 mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro. Differentiation 2015; 89:1-10. [PMID: 25613029 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are a unique model that allows the study of molecular pathways underlying commitment and differentiation. One such lineage is osteoblasts, which are responsible for forming bone tissue in the body. There are many osteogenic differentiation protocols in the literature utilizing different soluble factors. The goal of the present study was to increase the efficacy of our osteogenic differentiation protocol from R1 cells. We have studied the effects of the addition of the following factors: dexamethasone, retinoic acid, and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma inhibitor, which have been reported to enhance osteogenesis. We found that among the 6 different protocols that were tested, the addition of retinoic acid with later addition of dexamethasone gives the most enrichment of osteogenic lineage cells. Thus, our findings provide valuable guidelines for culture condition to differentiate mouse R1 ESCs to osteoblastic cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Layla Al-Mansoori
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada; Department of Chemistry & Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Qatar, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Michal Opas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada.
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