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Zhang MW, Bustros ST, Gaston TE, Descartes M, Agnihotri SP. Short Report: Clinical Features and Epilepsy Monitoring in an Adult With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Neurohospitalist 2024; 14:273-277. [PMID: 38895014 PMCID: PMC11181976 DOI: 10.1177/19418744241228618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background 22q11.2 microdeletion is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans with a prevalence of 13 per 100 000 live births, and it is a multisystem condition with variable phenotypic presentations. Methods We present a case of an adult patient with Dandy-Walker syndrome who presented to our epilepsy clinic with 2 years of new-onset seizures and cognitive decline and 1 year of psychotic symptoms. Results Patient had a non-revealing autoimmune and malignancy work-up. Continuous scalp vEEG study showed bursts of 1-2 Hz generalized fronto-centrally predominant spike or polyspike and slow wave discharges. Several myoclonic jerks were time-locked with the generalized discharges indicative of cortical myoclonus. MRI brain revealed periventricular nodular heterotopia in addition to findings suggestive of Dandy-Walker syndrome. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated a 22q11.2 microdeletion seen in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Conclusion Our case illustrates the challenges of diagnosing genetic disorders in adults especially when the initial diagnosis is dependent on a number of factors, including the patient's age, the severity of the phenotypic features, and the awareness of the physician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike W. Zhang
- UAB Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Tyler E. Gaston
- UAB Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Neurology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Maria Descartes
- Department of Genetics, Baptist Health South Florida, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Shruti P. Agnihotri
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
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2
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Clements CC, Engelstad AM, Wilkinson CL, Hyde C, Hartney M, Simmons A, Tager-Flusberg H, Jeste S, Nelson CA. Resting state EEG in young children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4543112. [PMID: 38978564 PMCID: PMC11230505 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4543112/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) manifests behaviorally with features of autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. Resting state electroencephalography (EEG) offers a window into neural oscillatory activity and may serve as an intermediate biomarker between gene expression and behavioral manifestations. Such a biomarker could be useful in clinical trials as an endpoint or predictor of treatment response. However, seizures and antiepileptic medications also affect resting neural oscillatory activity and could undermine the utility of resting state EEG features as biomarkers in neurodevelopmental disorders such as TSC. Methods This paper compares resting state EEG features in a cross-sectional cohort of young children with TSC (n=49, ages 12-37 months) to 49 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls. Within children with TSC, associations were examined between resting state EEG features, seizure severity composite score, and use of GABA agonists. Results Compared to matched typically developing controls, children with TSC showed significantly greater alpha and beta power in permutation cluster analyses iterated across a broad frequency range (2-50Hz). Children with TSC also showed significantly greater aperiodic offset after power spectra were parameterized using SpecParam into aperiodic and periodic components. Within children with TSC, greater seizure severity was significantly related to increased periodic peak beta power. Use of GABA agonists was also independently and significantly associated with increased periodic peak beta power; the interaction between seizure severity and GABA agonist use had no significant effect on peak beta power. Conclusions The elevated peak beta power observed in children with TSC compared to matched typically developing controls may be driven by both seizures and GABA agonist use. It is recommended to collect seizure and mediation data alongside EEG data for clinical trials. These results highlight the challenge of using resting state EEG features as biomarkers in trials with neurodevelopmental disabilities when epilepsy and anti-epileptic medication are common.
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Pimenta LSE, de Mello CB, Benedetto LMD, Soares DCDQ, Kulikowski LD, Dantas AG, Melaragno MI, Kim CA. Neuropsychological Profile of 25 Brazilian Patients with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Effects of Clinical and Socioeconomic Variables. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:595. [PMID: 38790224 PMCID: PMC11121403 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with a heterogeneous neurocognitive phenotype, which includes psychiatric disorders. However, few studies have investigated the influence of socioeconomic variables on intellectual variability. The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive profile of 25 patients, aged 7 to 32 years, with a typical ≈3 Mb 22q11.2 deletion, considering intellectual, adaptive, and neuropsychological functioning. Univariate linear regression analysis explored the influence of socioeconomic variables on intellectual quotient (IQ) and global adaptive behavior. Associations with relevant clinical conditions such as seizures, recurrent infections, and heart diseases were also considered. Results showed IQ scores ranging from 42 to 104. Communication, executive functions, attention, and visuoconstructive skills were the most impaired in the sample. The study found effects of access to quality education, family socioeconomic status (SES), and caregiver education level on IQ. Conversely, age at diagnosis and language delay were associated with outcomes in adaptive behavior. This characterization may be useful for better understanding the influence of social-environmental factors on the development of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, as well as for intervention processes aimed at improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Berlim de Mello
- Departament of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil;
| | | | - Diogo Cordeiro de Queiroz Soares
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (D.C.d.Q.S.); (L.D.K.); (C.A.K.)
| | - Leslie Domenici Kulikowski
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (D.C.d.Q.S.); (L.D.K.); (C.A.K.)
| | - Anelisa Gollo Dantas
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (A.G.D.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Maria Isabel Melaragno
- Genetics Division, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil; (A.G.D.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetics Unit, Instituto da Criança, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (D.C.d.Q.S.); (L.D.K.); (C.A.K.)
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Yamada N, Kuki I, Uda T, Okazaki S. Successful Hemispherotomy in a Patient With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Who Had Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy With Spike-and-Wave Activation During Sleep. Cureus 2024; 16:e58424. [PMID: 38765340 PMCID: PMC11098713 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a case of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation during sleep with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome in a patient who had undergone hemispherotomy and achieved developmental improvement. A four-year-old male child with paralysis on the left side of his body since birth had a mild developmental delay. An MRI of the brain revealed polymicrogyria diffusely throughout the right hemisphere. He was diagnosed with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome at one year of age. Focal impaired awareness seizure in the right hemisphere origin and focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure appeared by two years of age. At three years of age, myoclonic seizures occurred, which induced frequent falls. Simultaneously, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation during sleep were observed. At four years and seven months of age, the patient underwent a right hemispherotomy. Epileptic seizures and spike-and-wave activation during sleep disappeared, and cognitive improvement was observed one year after surgery. In spite of chromosomal abnormalities being present, drug-resistant epilepsy with localized regions on MRI should be evaluated to determine surgical options to improve cognitive function and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamada
- Pediatric Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, JPN
| | - Ichiro Kuki
- Pediatric Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, JPN
| | - Takehiro Uda
- Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, JPN
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Pediatric Neurology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, JPN
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5
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de Toffol B. Epilepsy and psychosis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:298-307. [PMID: 38336524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are eight times more frequent in epilepsy than in the general population. The various clinical syndromes are classified according to their chronology of onset in relation to epileptic seizures: ictal psychoses (during epileptic discharge), post-ictal psychoses (PIP, after a seizure), interictal psychoses (IIP, with no chronological link) and those related to complete seizure control. Antiepileptic drugs can cause psychotic disorders in all these situations. Post-ictal psychoses (PIP) are affective psychoses that occur after a lucid interval lasting 12 to 120hours following a cluster of seizures. They last an average of 10days, with an abrupt beginning and end. PIP are directly linked to epileptic seizures, and disappear when the epilepsy is controlled. Interictal psychoses are schizophrenias. The management of psychotic disorders in epilepsy is neuropsychiatric, and requires close collaboration between epileptologists and psychiatrists. Antipsychotics can be prescribed in persons with epilepsy. Even today, psychotic disorders in epilepsy are poorly understood, under-diagnosed and under-treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B de Toffol
- Université des Antilles, Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, CIC Inserm 1424, rue des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana.
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Raven EP, Veraart J, Kievit RA, Genc S, Ward IL, Hall J, Cunningham A, Doherty J, van den Bree MBM, Jones DK. In vivo evidence of microstructural hypo-connectivity of brain white matter in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4342-4352. [PMID: 37495890 PMCID: PMC7615578 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome, or 22q11.2DS, is a genetic syndrome associated with high rates of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders, in addition to widespread structural and functional abnormalities throughout the brain. Experimental animal models have identified neuronal connectivity deficits, e.g., decreased axonal length and complexity of axonal branching, as a primary mechanism underlying atypical brain development in 22q11.2DS. However, it is still unclear whether deficits in axonal morphology can also be observed in people with 22q11.2DS. Here, we provide an unparalleled in vivo characterization of white matter microstructure in participants with 22q11.2DS (12-15 years) and those undergoing typical development (8-18 years) using a customized magnetic resonance imaging scanner which is sensitive to axonal morphology. A rich array of diffusion MRI metrics are extracted to present microstructural profiles of typical and atypical white matter development, and provide new evidence of connectivity differences in individuals with 22q11.2DS. A recent, large-scale consortium study of 22q11.2DS identified higher diffusion anisotropy and reduced overall diffusion mobility of water as hallmark microstructural alterations of white matter in individuals across a wide age range (6-52 years). We observed similar findings across the white matter tracts included in this study, in addition to identifying deficits in axonal morphology. This, in combination with reduced tract volume measurements, supports the hypothesis that abnormal microstructural connectivity in 22q11.2DS may be mediated by densely packed axons with disproportionately small diameters. Our findings provide insight into the in vivo white matter phenotype of 22q11.2DS, and promote the continued investigation of shared features in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P Raven
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jelle Veraart
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rogier A Kievit
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sila Genc
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Service (NACIS), Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Isobel L Ward
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jessica Hall
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adam Cunningham
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joanne Doherty
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Derek K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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7
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Donnelly N, Cunningham A, Salas SM, Bracher-Smith M, Chawner S, Stochl J, Ford T, Raymond FL, Escott-Price V, van den Bree MBM. Identifying the neurodevelopmental and psychiatric signatures of genomic disorders associated with intellectual disability: a machine learning approach. Mol Autism 2023; 14:19. [PMID: 37221545 PMCID: PMC10207854 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic conditions can be associated with developmental delay, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and physical and mental health symptoms. They are individually rare and highly variable in presentation, which limits the use of standard clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment. A simple screening tool to identify young people with genomic conditions associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND-GCs) who could benefit from further support would be of considerable value. We used machine learning approaches to address this question. METHOD A total of 493 individuals were included: 389 with a ND-GC, mean age = 9.01, 66% male) and 104 siblings without known genomic conditions (controls, mean age = 10.23, 53% male). Primary carers completed assessments of behavioural, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric symptoms and physical health and development. Machine learning techniques (penalised logistic regression, random forests, support vector machines and artificial neural networks) were used to develop classifiers of ND-GC status and identified limited sets of variables that gave the best classification performance. Exploratory graph analysis was used to understand associations within the final variable set. RESULTS All machine learning methods identified variable sets giving high classification accuracy (AUROC between 0.883 and 0.915). We identified a subset of 30 variables best discriminating between individuals with ND-GCs and controls which formed 5 dimensions: conduct, separation anxiety, situational anxiety, communication and motor development. LIMITATIONS This study used cross-sectional data from a cohort study which was imbalanced with respect to ND-GC status. Our model requires validation in independent datasets and with longitudinal follow-up data for validation before clinical application. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we developed models that identified a compact set of psychiatric and physical health measures that differentiate individuals with a ND-GC from controls and highlight higher-order structure within these measures. This work is a step towards developing a screening instrument to identify young people with ND-GCs who might benefit from further specialist assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Donnelly
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Adam Cunningham
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sergio Marco Salas
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Matthew Bracher-Smith
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Samuel Chawner
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jan Stochl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Kinanthropology, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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8
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Adams RL, Baird A, Smith J, Williams N, van den Bree MBM, Linden DEJ, Owen MJ, Hall J, Linden SC. Psychopathology in adults with copy number variants. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3142-3149. [PMID: 35144709 PMCID: PMC10244007 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variants (CNVs) have been associated with the risk of schizophrenia, autism and intellectual disability. However, little is known about their spectrum of psychopathology in adulthood. METHODS We investigated the psychiatric phenotypes of adult CNV carriers and compared probands, who were ascertained through clinical genetics services, with carriers who were not. One hundred twenty-four adult participants (age 18-76), each bearing one of 15 rare CNVs, were recruited through a variety of sources including clinical genetics services, charities for carriers of genetic variants, and online advertising. A battery of psychiatric assessments was used to determine psychopathology. RESULTS The frequencies of psychopathology were consistently higher for the CNV group compared to general population rates. We found particularly high rates of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) (48%), mood disorders (42%), anxiety disorders (47%) and personality disorders (73%) as well as high rates of psychiatric multimorbidity (median number of diagnoses: 2 in non-probands, 3 in probands). NDDs [odds ratio (OR) = 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.32-16.51; p = 0.017) and psychotic disorders (OR = 6.8, 95% CI 1.3-36.3; p = 0.025) occurred significantly more frequently in probands (N = 45; NDD: 39[87%]; psychosis: 8[18%]) than non-probands (N = 79; NDD: 20 [25%]; psychosis: 3[4%]). Participants also had somatic diagnoses pertaining to all organ systems, particularly conotruncal cardiac malformations (in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome specifically), musculoskeletal, immunological, and endocrine diseases. CONCLUSIONS Adult CNV carriers had a markedly increased rate of anxiety and personality disorders not previously reported and high rates of psychiatric multimorbidity. Our findings support in-depth psychiatric and medical assessments of carriers of CNVs and the establishment of multidisciplinary clinical services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael L. Adams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alister Baird
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nigel Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B. M. van den Bree
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E. J. Linden
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Live Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Owen
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stefanie C. Linden
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Óskarsdóttir S, Boot E, Crowley TB, Loo JCY, Arganbright JM, Armando M, Baylis AL, Breetvelt EJ, Castelein RM, Chadehumbe M, Cielo CM, de Reuver S, Eliez S, Fiksinski AM, Forbes BJ, Gallagher E, Hopkins SE, Jackson OA, Levitz-Katz L, Klingberg G, Lambert MP, Marino B, Mascarenhas MR, Moldenhauer J, Moss EM, Nowakowska BA, Orchanian-Cheff A, Putotto C, Repetto GM, Schindewolf E, Schneider M, Solot CB, Sullivan KE, Swillen A, Unolt M, Van Batavia JP, Vingerhoets C, Vorstman J, Bassett AS, McDonald-McGinn DM. Updated clinical practice recommendations for managing children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Genet Med 2023; 25:100338. [PMID: 36729053 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to update the clinical practice guidelines for managing children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). The 22q11.2 Society, the international scientific organization studying chromosome 22q11.2 differences and related conditions, recruited expert clinicians worldwide to revise the original 2011 pediatric clinical practice guidelines in a stepwise process: (1) a systematic literature search (1992-2021), (2) study selection and data extraction by clinical experts from 9 different countries, covering 24 subspecialties, and (3) creation of a draft consensus document based on the literature and expert opinion, which was further shaped by survey results from family support organizations regarding perceived needs. Of 2441 22q11.2DS-relevant publications initially identified, 2344 received full-text reviews, including 1545 meeting criteria for potential relevance to clinical care of children and adolescents. Informed by the available literature, recommendations were formulated. Given evidence base limitations, multidisciplinary recommendations represent consensus statements of good practice for this evolving field. These recommendations provide contemporary guidance for evaluation, surveillance, and management of the many 22q11.2DS-associated physical, cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric morbidities while addressing important genetic counseling and psychosocial issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sólveig Óskarsdóttir
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Erik Boot
- Advisium, 's Heeren Loo Zorggroep, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Terrence Blaine Crowley
- The 22q and You Center, Clinical Genetics Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joanne C Y Loo
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill M Arganbright
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
| | - Marco Armando
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adriane L Baylis
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Elemi J Breetvelt
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - René M Castelein
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Madeline Chadehumbe
- Division of Neurology, 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher M Cielo
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven de Reuver
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Fondation Pôle Autisme, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University School of Medecine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ania M Fiksinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Psychology, University Medical Centre, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brian J Forbes
- Division of Ophthalmology, The 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily Gallagher
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Sarah E Hopkins
- Division of Neurology, 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Oksana A Jackson
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Cleft Lip and Palate Program, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Oral Surgery, 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lorraine Levitz-Katz
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Michele P Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Hematology, 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruno Marino
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria R Mascarenhas
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Julie Moldenhauer
- Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, 22q and You Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Ani Orchanian-Cheff
- Library and Information Services and The Institute of Education Research (TIER), University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriela M Repetto
- Rare Diseases Program, Institute for Sciences and Innovation in Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erica Schindewolf
- Richard D. Wood Jr. Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, 22q and You Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maude Schneider
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia B Solot
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Center for Childhood Communication, 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, 22q and You Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ann Swillen
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital UZ Leuven, and Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Unolt
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jason P Van Batavia
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Urology, 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Advisium, 's Heeren Loo Zorggroep, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne S Bassett
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Genetics Research Program and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- The 22q and You Center, Clinical Genetics Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Human Biology and Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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10
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Li J, Keller SS, Seidlitz J, Chen H, Li B, Weng Y, Meng Y, Yang S, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Yang F, Lu G, Bernhardt BC, Zhang Z, Liao W. Cortical morphometric vulnerability to generalised epilepsy reflects chromosome- and cell type-specific transcriptomic signatures. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12857. [PMID: 36278258 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Generalised epilepsy is thought to involve distributed brain networks. However, the molecular and cellular factors that render different brain regions more vulnerable to epileptogenesis remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate epilepsy-related morphometric similarity network (MSN) abnormalities at the macroscale level and their relationships with microscale gene expressions at the microscale level. METHODS We compared the MSN of genetic generalised epilepsy with generalised tonic-clonic seizure patients (GGE-GTCS, n = 101) to demographically matched healthy controls (HC, n = 150). Cortical MSNs were estimated by combining seven morphometric features derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging for each individual. Regional gene expression profiles were derived from brain-wide microarray measurements provided by the Allen Human Brain Atlas. RESULTS GGE-GTCS patients exhibited decreased regional MSNs in primary motor, prefrontal and temporal regions and increases in occipital, insular and posterior cingulate cortices, when compared with the HC. These case-control neuroimaging differences were validated using split-half analyses and were not affected by medication or drug response effects. When assessing associations with gene expression, genes associated with GGE-GTCS-related MSN differences were enriched in several biological processes, including 'synapse organisation', 'neurotransmitter transport' pathways and excitatory/inhibitory neuronal cell types. Collectively, the GGE-GTCS-related cortical vulnerabilities were associated with chromosomes 4, 5, 11 and 16 and were dispersed bottom-up at the cellular, pathway and disease levels, which contributed to epileptogenesis, suggesting diverse neurobiologically relevant enrichments in GGE-GTCS. CONCLUSIONS By bridging the gaps between transcriptional signatures and in vivo neuroimaging, we highlighted the importance of using MSN abnormalities of the human brain in GGE-GTCS patients to investigate disease-relevant genes and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Simon S Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Center of Psychosomatic Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Meng
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirui Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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11
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Clinical EEG of Rett Syndrome: Group Analysis Supplemented with Longitudinal Case Report. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12121973. [PMID: 36556193 PMCID: PMC9782488 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder caused by MECP2 gene abnormalities, is characterized by atypical EEG activity, and its detailed examination is lacking. We combined the comparison of one-time eyes open EEG resting state activity from 32 girls with RTT and their 41 typically developing peers (age 2-16 years old) with longitudinal following of one girl with RTT to reveal EEG parameters which correspond to the RTT progression. Traditional measures, such as epileptiform abnormalities, generalized background activity, beta activity and the sensorimotor rhythm, were supplemented by a new frequency rate index measured as the ratio between high- and low-frequency power of sensorimotor rhythm. Almost all studied EEG parameters differentiated the groups; however, only the elevated generalized background slowing and decrease in our newly introduced frequency rate index which reflects attenuation in the proportion of the upper band of sensorimotor rhythm in RTT showed significant relation with RTT progression both in longitudinal case and group analysis. Moreover, only this novel index was linked to the breathing irregularities RTT symptom. The percentage of epileptiform activity was unrelated to RTT severity, confirming previous studies. Thus, resting EEG can provide information about the pathophysiological changes caused by MECP2 abnormalities and disease progression.
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12
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Donnelly NA, Bartsch U, Moulding HA, Eaton C, Marston H, Hall JH, Hall J, Owen MJ, van den Bree MBM, Jones MW. Sleep EEG in young people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A cross-sectional study of slow-waves, spindles and correlations with memory and neurodevelopmental symptoms. eLife 2022; 11:e75482. [PMID: 36039635 PMCID: PMC9477499 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young people living with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) are at increased risk of schizophrenia, intellectual disability, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In common with these conditions, 22q11.2DS is also associated with sleep problems. We investigated whether abnormal sleep or sleep-dependent network activity in 22q11.2DS reflects convergent, early signatures of neural circuit disruption also evident in associated neurodevelopmental conditions. Methods In a cross-sectional design, we recorded high-density sleep EEG in young people (6-20 years) with 22q11.2DS (n=28) and their unaffected siblings (n=17), quantifying associations between sleep architecture, EEG oscillations (spindles and slow waves) and psychiatric symptoms. We also measured performance on a memory task before and after sleep. Results 22q11.2DS was associated with significant alterations in sleep architecture, including a greater proportion of N3 sleep and lower proportions of N1 and REM sleep than in siblings. During sleep, deletion carriers showed broadband increases in EEG power with increased slow-wave and spindle amplitudes, increased spindle frequency and density, and stronger coupling between spindles and slow-waves. Spindle and slow-wave amplitudes correlated positively with overnight memory in controls, but negatively in 22q11.2DS. Mediation analyses indicated that genotype effects on anxiety, ADHD and ASD were partially mediated by sleep EEG measures. Conclusions This study provides a detailed description of sleep neurophysiology in 22q11.2DS, highlighting alterations in EEG signatures of sleep which have been previously linked to neurodevelopment, some of which were associated with psychiatric symptoms. Sleep EEG features may therefore reflect delayed or compromised neurodevelopmental processes in 22q11.2DS, which could inform our understanding of the neurobiology of this condition and be biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders. Funding This research was funded by a Lilly Innovation Fellowship Award (UB), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH 5UO1MH101724; MvdB), a Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund (ISSF) award (MvdB), the Waterloo Foundation (918-1234; MvdB), the Baily Thomas Charitable Fund (2315/1; MvdB), MRC grant Intellectual Disability and Mental Health: Assessing Genomic Impact on Neurodevelopment (IMAGINE) (MR/L011166/1; JH, MvdB and MO), MRC grant Intellectual Disability and Mental Health: Assessing Genomic Impact on Neurodevelopment 2 (IMAGINE-2) (MR/T033045/1; MvdB, JH and MO); Wellcome Trust Strategic Award 'Defining Endophenotypes From Integrated Neurosciences' Wellcome Trust (100202/Z/12/Z MO, JH). NAD was supported by a National Institute for Health Research Academic Clinical Fellowship in Mental Health and MWJ by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Science (202810/Z/16/Z). CE and HAM were supported by Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Grants (C.B.E. 1644194, H.A.M MR/K501347/1). HMM and UB were employed by Eli Lilly & Co during the study; HMM is currently an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s), and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health funders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Donnelly
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Avon and Wiltshire Partnership NHS Mental Health Trust, Avon, United Kingdom
| | - Ullrich Bartsch
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Translational Neuroscience, Eli Lilly, Windlesham, United States
| | - Hayley A Moulding
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Eaton
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Marston
- Translational Neuroscience, Eli Lilly, Windlesham, United States
| | - Jessica H Hall
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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13
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Moreau C, Tremblay F, Wolking S, Girard A, Laprise C, Hamdan FF, Michaud JL, Minassian BA, Cossette P, Girard SL. Assessment of burden and segregation profiles of CNVs in patients with epilepsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1050-1058. [PMID: 35678011 PMCID: PMC9268881 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Microdeletions are associated with different forms of epilepsy but show incomplete penetrance, which is not well understood. We aimed to assess whether unmasked variants or double CNVs could explain incomplete penetrance. Methods We analyzed copy number variants (CNVs) in 603 patients with four different subgroups of epilepsy and 945 controls. CNVs were called from genotypes and validated on whole‐genome (WGS) or whole‐exome sequences (WES). CNV burden difference between patients and controls was obtained by fitting a logistic regression. CNV burden was assessed for small and large (>1 Mb) deletions and duplications and for deletions overlapping different gene sets. Results Large deletions were enriched in genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE) compared to controls. We also found enrichment of deletions in epilepsy genes and hotspots for GGE. We did not find truncating or functional variants that could have been unmasked by the deletions. We observed a double CNV hit in two patients. One patient also carried a de novo deletion in the 22q11.2 hotspot. Interpretation We could corroborate previous findings of an enrichment of large microdeletions and deletions in epilepsy genes in GGE. We could also replicate that microdeletions show incomplete penetrance. However, we could not validate the hypothesis of unmasked variants nor the hypothesis of double CNVs to explain the incomplete penetrance. We found a de novo CNV on 22q11.2 that could be of interest. We also observed GGE families carrying a deletion on 15q13.3 hotspot that could be investigated in the Quebec founder population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Moreau
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - Frédérique Tremblay
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - Stefan Wolking
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandre Girard
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada
| | - Fadi F Hamdan
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences and Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Berge A Minassian
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Patrick Cossette
- CHUM Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon L Girard
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, University of Quebec in Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Canada.,CERVO Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Cunningham AC, Hall J, Einfeld S, Owen MJ, van den Bree MBM. Assessment of emotions and behaviour by the Developmental Behaviour Checklist in young people with neurodevelopmental CNVs. Psychol Med 2022; 52:574-586. [PMID: 32643597 PMCID: PMC7794095 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of genomic conditions caused by copy number variants (CNVs) are associated with a high risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (ND-CNVs). Although these patients also tend to have cognitive impairments, few studies have investigated the range of emotion and behaviour problems in young people with ND-CNVs using measures that are suitable for those with learning difficulties. METHODS A total of 322 young people with 13 ND-CNVs across eight loci (mean age: 9.79 years, range: 6.02-17.91, 66.5% male) took part in the study. Primary carers completed the Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC). RESULTS Of the total, 69% of individuals with an ND-CNV screened positive for clinically significant difficulties. Young people from families with higher incomes (OR = 0.71, CI = 0.55-0.91, p = .008) were less likely to screen positive. The rate of difficulties differed depending on ND-CNV genotype (χ2 = 39.99, p < 0.001), with the lowest rate in young people with 22q11.2 deletion (45.7%) and the highest in those with 1q21.1 deletion (93.8%). Specific patterns of strengths and weaknesses were found for different ND-CNV genotypes. However, ND-CNV genotype explained no more than 9-16% of the variance, depending on DBC subdomain. CONCLUSIONS Emotion and behaviour problems are common in young people with ND-CNVs. The ND-CNV specific patterns we find can provide a basis for more tailored support. More research is needed to better understand the variation in emotion and behaviour problems not accounted for by genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Cunningham
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stewart Einfeld
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J. Owen
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Marianne B. M. van den Bree
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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15
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Using induced pluripotent stem cells to investigate human neuronal phenotypes in 1q21.1 deletion and duplication syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:819-830. [PMID: 34112971 PMCID: PMC9054650 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Copy Number Variation (CNV) at the 1q21.1 locus is associated with a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in humans, including abnormalities in head size and motor deficits. Yet, the functional consequences of these CNVs (both deletion and duplication) on neuronal development remain unknown. To determine the impact of CNV at the 1q21.1 locus on neuronal development, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells from individuals harbouring 1q21.1 deletion or duplication and differentiated them into functional cortical neurons. We show that neurons with 1q21.1 deletion or duplication display reciprocal phenotype with respect to proliferation, differentiation potential, neuronal maturation, synaptic density and functional activity. Deletion of the 1q21.1 locus was also associated with an increased expression of lower cortical layer markers. This difference was conserved in the mouse model of 1q21.1 deletion, which displayed altered corticogenesis. Importantly, we show that neurons with 1q21.1 deletion and duplication are associated with differential expression of calcium channels and demonstrate that physiological deficits in neurons with 1q21.1 deletion or duplication can be pharmacologically modulated by targeting Ca2+ channel activity. These findings provide biological insight into the neuropathological mechanism underlying 1q21.1 associated brain disorder and indicate a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
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16
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Mauro J, Diaz M, Córdova T, Villanueva K, Cáceres T, Bassi A, Fritsch R, Repetto GM, Ocampo-Garcés A. Analysis Of Rem Sleep Without Atonia In 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Determined By Domiciliary Polysomnography: A Cross Sectional Study. Sleep 2021; 45:6485549. [PMID: 34962269 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Our aim is to evaluate the presence of REM sleep without atonia (RWA), the objective hallmark of REM sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD), as prodromal marker of Parkinson's disease (PD), in an adult cohort of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS). METHODS Sleep quality was assessed by means of Pittsburgh quality scale index (PSQI), and RBD symptoms by means of RBD questionnaire-Hong-Kong (RBDQ-HK). Attended domiciliary video-Polysomnography (v-PSG) were performed in 26 adults (18-51 years, 14 females) 22qDS patients. Electromyogram during REM sleep was analyzed by means of SINBAR procedure at 3-second time resolution (miniepochs). RESULTS An overall poor sleep quality was observed in the cohort and high RBDQ-HK score in 7 of the 26 patients, two additional patients with positive dream enactment reported by close relatives had low score of RBDQ-HK. Nevertheless, SINBAR RWA scores were lower than cut-off threshold for RWA (mean 5.5%, range 0%-12.2%). TST and the percentage of light sleep (N1) were increased, with preserved proportions of N2 and N3. Participants reported poor quality of sleep (mean PSQI>5), with prolonged sleep latency in the v-PSG. No subjects exhibit evident dream enactment episodes during recording sessions. CONCLUSIONS RWA was absent in the studied cohort of 22qDS adult volunteers according to validated polysomnographic criteria. High RBDQ-HK scores do not correlate with v-PSG results among 22qDS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Mauro
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Cronobiología, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
| | - Mario Diaz
- Departamento de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Chile
| | - Teresa Córdova
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Cronobiología, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
| | - Katiuska Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Cronobiología, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
| | - Tania Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Cronobiología, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
| | - Alejandro Bassi
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Cronobiología, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
| | - Rosemarie Fritsch
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile
| | - Gabriela M Repetto
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Instituto de Ciencia e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián Ocampo-Garcés
- Laboratorio de Sueño y Cronobiología, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
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17
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Impact of Equine-Assisted Interventions on Heart Rate Variability in Two Participants with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Pilot Study. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8111073. [PMID: 34828786 PMCID: PMC8617898 DOI: 10.3390/children8111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
People with disabilities due to genetic origin often present high levels of stress: non-pharmacological interventions such as Equine-Assisted Interventions (EAI) may be a useful strategy. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate stress levels in two participants with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome diagnosis, immediately after carrying out the EAI. A single case experimental design methodology was chosen due to the small sample size. Two participants with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, a rare disease, with different comorbidities were included. The present study considered the EAI as the independent variable while the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) represented the dependent one, as HRV is considered an indicator of stress level. Measurements were performed before and after carrying out the interventions. The results showed an HRV increase in one of the participants and an increase in the arousal level evidenced by a decrease in his HRV. After having carried out the program, EAI seems to cause an impact on the activation level of the participants depending on the typology and nature of the intervention. However, these results should be treated with caution due to the small sample size. This study is a pilot to test the feasibility of the proposed interventions on the variable under study.
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18
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Rosenberg AGW, Pater MRA, Pellikaan K, Davidse K, Kattentidt-Mouravieva AA, Kersseboom R, Bos-Roubos AG, van Eeghen A, Veen JMC, van der Meulen JJ, van Aalst-van Wieringen N, Hoekstra FME, van der Lely AJ, de Graaff LCG. What Every Internist-Endocrinologist Should Know about Rare Genetic Syndromes in Order to Prevent Needless Diagnostics, Missed Diagnoses and Medical Complications: Five Years of 'Internal Medicine for Rare Genetic Syndromes'. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225457. [PMID: 34830739 PMCID: PMC8622899 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with complex rare genetic syndromes (CRGS) have combined medical problems affecting multiple organ systems. Pediatric multidisciplinary (MD) care has improved life expectancy, however, transfer to internal medicine is hindered by the lack of adequate MD care for adults. We have launched an MD outpatient clinic providing syndrome-specific care for adults with CRGS, which, to our knowledge, is the first one worldwide in the field of internal medicine. Between 2015 and 2020, we have treated 720 adults with over 60 syndromes. Eighty-nine percent of the syndromes were associated with endocrine problems. We describe case series of missed diagnoses and patients who had undergone extensive diagnostic testing for symptoms that could actually be explained by their syndrome. Based on our experiences and review of the literature, we provide an algorithm for the clinical approach of health problems in CRGS adults. We conclude that missed diagnoses and needless invasive tests seem common in CRGS adults. Due to the increased life expectancy, an increasing number of patients with CRGS will transfer to adult endocrinology. Internist-endocrinologists (in training) should be aware of their special needs and medical pitfalls of CRGS will help prevent the burden of unnecessary diagnostics and under- and overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. W. Rosenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (M.R.A.P.); (K.P.); (K.D.); (F.M.E.H.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minke R. A. Pater
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (M.R.A.P.); (K.P.); (K.D.); (F.M.E.H.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
| | - Karlijn Pellikaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (M.R.A.P.); (K.P.); (K.D.); (F.M.E.H.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Davidse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (M.R.A.P.); (K.P.); (K.D.); (F.M.E.H.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rogier Kersseboom
- Stichting Zuidwester, 3241 LB Middelharnis, The Netherlands; (A.A.K.-M.); (R.K.)
| | - Anja G. Bos-Roubos
- Center of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh, 5803 DN Venray, The Netherlands;
| | - Agnies van Eeghen
- ‘s Heeren Loo, Care Group, 3818 LA Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José M. C. Veen
- ‘s Heeren Loo, Care Providing Agency, 6733 SC Wekerom, The Netherlands; (J.M.C.V.); (J.J.v.d.M.)
| | - Jiske J. van der Meulen
- ‘s Heeren Loo, Care Providing Agency, 6733 SC Wekerom, The Netherlands; (J.M.C.V.); (J.J.v.d.M.)
| | - Nina van Aalst-van Wieringen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Franciska M. E. Hoekstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (M.R.A.P.); (K.P.); (K.D.); (F.M.E.H.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, 2625 AD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J. van der Lely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (M.R.A.P.); (K.P.); (K.D.); (F.M.E.H.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
| | - Laura C. G. de Graaff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (M.R.A.P.); (K.P.); (K.D.); (F.M.E.H.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENCORE—Dutch Center of Reference for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Turner Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Disorders of Sex Development, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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19
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Neuhaus E, Hattingen E, Breuer S, Steidl E, Polomac N, Rosenow F, Rüber T, Herrmann E, Ecker C, Kushan L, Lin A, Vajdi A, Bearden CE, Jurcoane A. Heterotopia in Individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:2070-2076. [PMID: 34620586 PMCID: PMC8583271 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging studies and neuropathologic findings in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome show anomalous early brain development. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate cerebral abnormalities, focusing on gray matter heterotopia, and to correlate these with subjects' neuropsychiatric impairments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three raters assessed gray matter heterotopia and other morphologic brain abnormalities on 3D T1WI and T2*WI in 75 individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (27 females, 15.5 [SD, 7.4] years of age) and 53 controls (24 females, 12.6 [SD, 4.7] years of age). We examined the association among the groups' most frequent morphologic findings, general cognitive performance, and comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions. RESULTS Heterotopia in the white matter were the most frequent finding in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (n = 29; controls, n = 0; between-group difference, P < .001), followed by cavum septi pellucidi and/or vergae (n = 20; controls, n = 0; P < .001), periventricular cysts (n = 10; controls, n = 0; P = .007), periventricular nodular heterotopia (n = 10; controls, n = 0; P = .007), and polymicrogyria (n = 3; controls, n = 0; P = .3). However, individuals with these morphologic brain abnormalities did not differ significantly from those without them in terms of general cognitive functioning and psychiatric comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings, periventricular nodular heterotopia or heterotopia in the white matter (possibly related to interrupted Arc cells migration), persistent cavum septi pellucidi and/or vergae, and formation of periventricular cysts, give clues to the brain development disorder induced by the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. There was no evidence that these morphologic findings were associated with differences in psychiatric or cognitive presentation of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Neuhaus
- From the Institute of Neuroradiology (E.N., E. Hattingen, S.B., E.S., N.P., A.J.)
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (E.N., F.R., T.R.)
- LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (E.N., F.R., T.R.)
| | - E Hattingen
- From the Institute of Neuroradiology (E.N., E. Hattingen, S.B., E.S., N.P., A.J.)
| | - S Breuer
- From the Institute of Neuroradiology (E.N., E. Hattingen, S.B., E.S., N.P., A.J.)
| | - E Steidl
- From the Institute of Neuroradiology (E.N., E. Hattingen, S.B., E.S., N.P., A.J.)
| | - N Polomac
- From the Institute of Neuroradiology (E.N., E. Hattingen, S.B., E.S., N.P., A.J.)
| | - F Rosenow
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (E.N., F.R., T.R.)
- LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (E.N., F.R., T.R.)
| | - T Rüber
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main (E.N., F.R., T.R.)
- LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (E.N., F.R., T.R.)
- Department of Epileptology (T.R.), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Herrmann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling (E. Herrmann)
| | - C Ecker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy (C.E.), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (C.E.), King's College, London, UK
| | - L Kushan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (L.K., A.L., A.V., C.E.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
| | - A Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (L.K., A.L., A.V., C.E.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
| | - A Vajdi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (L.K., A.L., A.V., C.E.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
| | - C E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (L.K., A.L., A.V., C.E.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
- Department of Psychology (C.E.B.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - A Jurcoane
- From the Institute of Neuroradiology (E.N., E. Hattingen, S.B., E.S., N.P., A.J.)
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20
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Dinneen TJ, Ghrálaigh FN, Walsh R, Lopez LM, Gallagher L. How does genetic variation modify ND-CNV phenotypes? Trends Genet 2021; 38:140-151. [PMID: 34364706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rare copy-number variants (CNVs) associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), i.e., ND-CNVs, provide an insight into the neurobiology of NDDs and, potentially, a link between biology and clinical outcomes. However, ND-CNVs are characterised by incomplete penetrance resulting in heterogeneous carrier phenotypes, ranging from non-affected to multimorbid psychiatric, neurological, and physical phenotypes. Recent evidence indicates that other variants in the genome, or 'other hits', may partially explain the variable expressivity of ND-CNVs. These may be other rare variants or the aggregated effects of common variants that modify NDD risk. Here we discuss the recent findings, current questions, and future challenges relating to other hits research in the context of ND-CNVs and their potential for improved clinical diagnostics and therapeutics for ND-CNV carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Dinneen
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Fiana Ní Ghrálaigh
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ruth Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorna M Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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21
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Mortillo M, Mulle JG. A cross-comparison of cognitive ability across 8 genomic disorders. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 68:106-116. [PMID: 34082144 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genomic disorders result from rearrangement of the human genome. Most genomic disorders are caused by copy number variants (CNV), deletions or duplications of several hundred kilobases. Many CNV loci are associated with autism, schizophrenia, and most commonly, intellectual disability (ID). However, there is little comparison of cognitive ability measures across these CNV disorders. This study aims to understand whether existing data can be leveraged for a cross-comparison of cognitive ability among multiple CNV. We found there is a lack of harmonization among assessment instruments and little standardization for reporting summary data across studies. Despite these limitations, we identified a differential impact of CNV loci on cognitive ability. Our data suggest that future cross-comparisons of CNV disorders will reveal meaningful differences across the phenotypic spectrum, especially if standardized phenotypic assessment is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mortillo
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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22
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AlKalaf HY, AlHashem AM, AlSaleh NS, AlJohar NM, Abo Thneen AM, ElGhezal HM, Bouhjar IB, Tlili-Graiess K, Sahari AH, Tabarki BM. Epilepsy, neuropsychiatric phenotypes, neuroimaging findings, and genotype-neurophenotype correlation in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25:287-291. [PMID: 33130809 PMCID: PMC8015611 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2020.4.20200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To describe the epilepsy, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and neuroimaging findings in a group of patients with 22q11.2 DS, and to correlate the size of the deleted genetic material with the severity of the phenotype. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 28 patients (21 pediatric patients and 7 adults) with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of 22q11.2 DS. Clinical data (epilepsy, neurological exam, neuropsychological and developmental assessment, and psychiatric disorders), neuroimaging, and cytogenetic tests were analyzed. Results: Of the 28 patients with 22q11.2 DS, 6 (21.4%) had epileptic seizures, 2 had symptomatic hypocalcemic seizures, 4 (14.2%) had a psychiatric disorder, which comprised of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, psychosis, and mood disorder, and 17 (60.7%) had developmental delay. All patients with epilepsy had a developmental delay. Twelve patients underwent a neuropsychology assessment. Intellectual levels ranged from moderate intellectual disability (7/12, 58%) to average (5/12, 41.6%). Of the 16 patients, 6 (37.5%) had a normal brain, while 10 (62.5%) had abnormal neuroimaging findings. No significant correlation was found between the size of the deleted genetic material and the severity of the phenotype. Conclusion: 22q11.2DS patients are at high risk to develop epilepsy, neuropsychiatric manifestations, and structural brain abnormalities. This indicates that this defined genetic locus is crucial for the development of the nervous system, and patients with 22q11.2 DS have genetic susceptibility to develop epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeba Y AlKalaf
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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23
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Linden SC, Watson CJ, Smith J, Chawner SJRA, Lancaster TM, Evans F, Williams N, Skuse D, Raymond FL, Hall J, Owen MJ, Linden DEJ, Green-Snyder L, Chung WK, Maillard AM, Jacquemont S, van den Bree MBM. The psychiatric phenotypes of 1q21 distal deletion and duplication. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:105. [PMID: 33542195 PMCID: PMC7862693 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants are amongst the most highly penetrant risk factors for psychopathology and neurodevelopmental deficits, but little information about the detailed clinical phenotype associated with particular variants is available. We present the largest study of the microdeletion and -duplication at the distal 1q21 locus, which has been associated with schizophrenia and intellectual disability, in order to investigate the range of psychiatric phenotypes. Clinical and cognitive data from 68 deletion and 55 duplication carriers were analysed with logistic regression analysis to compare frequencies of mental disorders between carrier groups and controls, and linear mixed models to compare quantitative phenotypes. Both children and adults with copy number variants at 1q21 had high frequencies of psychopathology. In the children, neurodevelopmental disorders were most prominent (56% for deletion, 68% for duplication carriers). Adults had increased prevalence of mood (35% for deletion [OR = 6.6 (95% CI: 1.4-40.1)], 55% for duplication carriers [8.3 (1.4-55.5)]) and anxiety disorders (24% [1.8 (0.4-8.4)] and 55% [10.0 (1.9-71.2)]). The adult group, which included mainly genetically affected parents of probands, had an IQ in the normal range. These results confirm high prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with CNVs at 1q21 but also reveal high prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in a high-functioning adult group with these CNVs. Because carriers of neurodevelopmental CNVs who show relevant psychopathology but no major cognitive impairment are not currently routinely receiving clinical genetic services widening of genetic testing in psychiatry may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie C Linden
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Cameron J Watson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Samuel J R A Chawner
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas M Lancaster
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ffion Evans
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nigel Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David Skuse
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences Unit Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Live Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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24
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Khan TA, Revah O, Gordon A, Yoon SJ, Krawisz AK, Goold C, Sun Y, Kim CH, Tian Y, Li MY, Schaepe JM, Ikeda K, Amin ND, Sakai N, Yazawa M, Kushan L, Nishino S, Porteus MH, Rapoport JL, Bernstein JA, O'Hara R, Bearden CE, Hallmayer JF, Huguenard JR, Geschwind DH, Dolmetsch RE, Paşca SP. Neuronal defects in a human cellular model of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Nat Med 2020; 26:1888-1898. [PMID: 32989314 PMCID: PMC8525897 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a highly penetrant and common genetic cause of neuropsychiatric disease. Here we generated induced pluripotent stem cells from 15 individuals with 22q11DS and 15 control individuals and differentiated them into three-dimensional (3D) cerebral cortical organoids. Transcriptional profiling across 100 days showed high reliability of differentiation and revealed changes in neuronal excitability-related genes. Using electrophysiology and live imaging, we identified defects in spontaneous neuronal activity and calcium signaling in both organoid- and 2D-derived cortical neurons. The calcium deficit was related to resting membrane potential changes that led to abnormal inactivation of voltage-gated calcium channels. Heterozygous loss of DGCR8 recapitulated the excitability and calcium phenotypes and its overexpression rescued these defects. Moreover, the 22q11DS calcium abnormality could also be restored by application of antipsychotics. Taken together, our study illustrates how stem cell derived models can be used to uncover and rescue cellular phenotypes associated with genetic forms of neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themasap A Khan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Omer Revah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Gordon
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Se-Jin Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anna K Krawisz
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carleton Goold
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yishan Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Tian
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Interdepartmental PhD Program in Bioinformatics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min-Yin Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia M Schaepe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kazuya Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Neal D Amin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Noriaki Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Masayuki Yazawa
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leila Kushan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Judith L Rapoport
- National Institute of Mental Health, Child Psychiatry Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ruth O'Hara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joachim F Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John R Huguenard
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sergiu P Paşca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Brain Organogenesis Program, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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25
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Chawner SJRA, Mihaljevic M, Morrison S, Eser HY, Maillard AM, Nowakowska B, van den Bree MBM, Swillen A. Pan-european landscape of research into neurodevelopmental copy number variants: A survey by the MINDDS consortium. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104093. [PMID: 33160096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several rare copy number variants have been identified to confer risk for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD-CNVs), and increasingly NDD-CNVs are being identified in patients. There is a clinical need to understand the phenotypes of NDD-CNVs. However due to rarity of NDD-CNVs in the population, within individual countries there is a limited number of NDD-CNV carriers who can participate in research. The pan-european MINDDS (Maximizing Impact of Research in Neurodevelopmental Disorders) consortium was established in part to address this issue. METHODOLOGY A survey was developed to scope out the current landscape of NDD-CNV research across member countries of the MINDDS consortium, and to identify clinical cohorts with potential for future research. RESULTS 36 centres from across 16 countries completed the survey. We provide a list of centres who can be contacted for future collaborations. 3844 NDD-CNV carriers were identified across clinical and research centres spanning a range of medical specialties, including psychiatry, paediatrics, medical genetics. A broad range of phenotypic data was available; including medical history, developmental history, family history and anthropometric data. In 12/16 countries, over 75% of NDD-CNV carriers could be recontacted for future studies. CONCLUSION This survey has highlighted the potential within Europe for large multi-centre studies of NDD-CNV carriers, to improve knowledge of the complex relationship between NDD-CNV and clinical phenotype. The MINNDS consortium is in a position to facilitate collaboration, data-sharing and knowledge exchange on NDD-CNV phenotypes across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J R A Chawner
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK; Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Marina Mihaljevic
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sinead Morrison
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Hale Yapici Eser
- Koç University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey and Koç University Research Centre for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service des Troubles Du Spectre de L'Autisme et Apparentés, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Beata Nowakowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics at the University of Leuven and Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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Kahn JB, Port RG, Anderson SA, Coulter DA. Modular, Circuit-Based Interventions Rescue Hippocampal-Dependent Social and Spatial Memory in a 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Mouse Model. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:710-718. [PMID: 32682567 PMCID: PMC7554065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS) manifests with myriad symptoms, including multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Complications associated with the polygenic haploinsufficiency make 22qDS symptoms particularly difficult to manage with traditional therapeutic approaches. However, the varying mechanistic consequences often culminate to generate inappropriate regulation of neuronal circuit activity. We explored whether managing this aberrant activity in adults could be a therapeutically beneficial strategy. METHODS To assess and dissect hippocampal circuit function, we performed functional imaging in acute slices and targeted eloquent circuits (specific subcircuits tied to specific behavioral tasks) to provide relevant behavioral outputs. For example, the ventral and dorsal CA1 regions critically support social and spatial discrimination, respectively. We focally introduced chemogenetic constructs in 34 control and 24 22qDS model mice via adeno-associated viral vectors, driven by excitatory neuron-specific promoter elements, to manipulate circuit recruitment in an on-demand fashion. RESULTS 22qDS model mice exhibited CA1 excitatory ensemble hyperexcitability and concomitant behavioral deficits in both social and spatial memory. Remarkably, acute chemogenetic inhibition of pyramidal cells successfully corrected memory deficits and did so in a regionally specific manner: ventrally targeted constructs rescued only social behavior, while those expressed dorsally selectively affected spatial memory. Additionally, manipulating activity in control mice could recapitulate the memory deficits in a regionally specific manner. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that retuning activity dysregulation can rescue function in disease-altered circuits, even in the face of a polygenetic haploinsufficiency with a strong developmental component. Targeting circuit excitability in a focal, modular manner may prove to be an effective therapeutic for treatment-resistant symptoms of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B. Kahn
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell G. Port
- Departments of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,The Research Institute of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stewart A. Anderson
- Departments of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,The Research Institute of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Douglas A. Coulter
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Departments of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,The Research Institute of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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de Toffol B, Adachi N, Kanemoto K, El-Hage W, Hingray C. [Interictal psychosis of epilepsy]. Encephale 2020; 46:482-492. [PMID: 32594995 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interictal psychosis (IIP) refers to psychosis that occurs in clear consciousness in persons with epilepsy (PWE) with temporal onset not during or immediately following a seizure. The pooled prevalence estimate of psychosis in PWE is 5.6%. PWE and schizophrenia have very high mortality, and more than one in four persons with both disorders die between the age of 25 and 50years. IIP can manifest in brief or chronic forms. The chronic forms of IIP may closely resemble schizophrenia. However, some authors have described the typical presence of persecutory and religious delusions, sudden mood swings and the preservation of affect, as well as rarity of negative symptoms and catatonic states, but these differences remain controversial. Typically, IIP starts after many years of active temporal lobe epilepsy. Several epilepsy-related variables are considered pathogenically relevant in IIP including epilepsy type and seizure characteristics. Risk factors for developing IIP are family history of psychosis, learning disability, early age of onset of epilepsy, unilateral or bilateral hippocampal sclerosis, history of status epilepticus, history of febrile seizures, and poorly controlled temporal lobe epilepsy. In patients with epilepsy and psychosis, structural imaging studies have shown several relevant changes leading to conflicting findings. Altered neuronal plasticity and excitability have been described in epilepsy and psychotic disorders. Neuropathological data suggest that IIP are not the result of classic epileptic pathology of the temporal lobe. Forced normalization (FN) and alternating psychosis refer to patients with poorly controlled epilepsy (focal or generalized) who have had psychotic episodes associated with remission of their seizures and disappearance of epileptiform activity on their EEGs. FN mainly occurs in temporal lobe epilepsy when patients have frequent seizures that are abruptly terminated triggered by an antiepileptic drug, vagus nerve stimulation or epilepsy surgery. Treatment is based on withdrawal of the responsible drug, and by transient use of antipsychotics for acute symptomatic control on a case-by-case basis. FN is an entity whose pathophysiology remains uncertain. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may sometimes induce psychotic symptoms and psychosis could be a direct effect of the AEDs. IIP has been reported more frequently following the initiation of zonisamide, topiramate, and levetiracetam when compared with other antiepileptic drugs. However, AEDs do not appear to be the only determinant of IIP. The management of IIP requires a multidisciplinary approach with early involvement of a liaison psychiatrist associated with a neurologist. IIP are underdiagnosed and mistreated. Existing recommendations are extrapolated from those established for the treatment of schizophrenia with some additional guidance from expert opinions. A two-step procedure, not necessarily consecutive, is suggested. The first step requires reevaluation of the antiepileptic treatment. The second step requires initiation of atypical neuroleptics. Antipsychotic drugs should be selected with consideration of the balance between pharmacological profiles, efficacy, and adverse effects. Regarding pharmacokinetic interactions, AEDs with inducing properties reduce the blood levels of all antipsychotics. It is important to consider implications of combining neuroleptics and AEDs with a similar spectrum of side effects. Regarding the duration of treatment, IIP episodes are more likely to be recurrent than in primary schizophrenia. In practice, atypical neuroleptics with few motor side effects such as risperidone can be used as first choice, given the low propensity for drug-drug interactions and the low seizure risk, with the added suggestion to start low and go slow. Clozapine could be prescribed in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B de Toffol
- Service de neurologie et de neurophysiologie clinique, U1253 ibrain, Inserm, université de Tours, Tours, France; CHU Bretonneau, 2 bis, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex, France.
| | - N Adachi
- Adachi Mental Clinic, Kitano 7-5-12, Kiyota, Sapporo 004-0867, Japon
| | - K Kanemoto
- Aichi Medical University, Neuropsychiatric Department, Nagakute, Japon
| | - W El-Hage
- U1253, iBrain, Inserm, CHRU de Tours, université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - C Hingray
- Service de neurologie, CHRU Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; Pôle universitaire de psychiatrie du grand Nancy, CPN, 54520 Laxou, France
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28
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Eaton CB, Thomas RH, Hamandi K, Payne GC, Kerr MP, Linden DEJ, Owen MJ, Cunningham AC, Bartsch U, Struik SS, van den Bree MBM. Response to letter to editor: "Knowing when and how to use epilepsy screening questionnaires". Epilepsia 2020; 61:826-827. [PMID: 32115693 PMCID: PMC8792956 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Eaton
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Child Life and Health, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rhys H Thomas
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Khalid Hamandi
- The Epilepsy Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Michael P Kerr
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Michael J Owen
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adam C Cunningham
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ullrich Bartsch
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Lilly UK, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
| | - Siske S Struik
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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29
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Brunklaus A. Knowing when and how to use epilepsy screening questionnaires. Epilepsia 2020; 61:825. [PMID: 32115692 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brunklaus
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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30
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Campbell C, Cavalleri GL, Delanty N. Exploring the genetic overlap between psychiatric illness and epilepsy: A review. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 102:106669. [PMID: 31785486 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is a long-documented epidemiological link between epilepsy and psychiatric disorders. People with epilepsy are at an increased risk for a variety of psychiatric illnesses, as are their family members, and people with epilepsy may experience psychiatric side effects because of their antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In recent years, large-scale, collaborative international studies have begun to shed light on the role of genetic variation in both epilepsy and psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. But so far, finding shared genetic links between epilepsy and psychiatric illness has proven surprisingly difficult. This review will discuss the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy, recent advances in genetic research into both epilepsy and psychiatric illness, and the extent of our current knowledge of the genetic overlap between these two important neurobiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán Campbell
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, RCSI Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, RCSI Dublin, Ireland
| | - Norman Delanty
- FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, RCSI Dublin, Ireland; Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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31
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Eaton CB, Thomas RH, Hamandi K, Payne GC, Kerr MP, Linden DEJ, Owen MJ, Cunningham AC, Bartsch U, Struik SS, van den Bree MBM. Epilepsy and seizures in young people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Prevalence and links with other neurodevelopmental disorders. Epilepsia 2019; 60:818-829. [PMID: 30977115 PMCID: PMC6519005 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The true prevalence of epileptic seizures and epilepsy in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is unknown, because previous studies have relied on historical medical record review. Associations of epilepsy with other neurodevelopmental manifestations (eg, specific psychiatric diagnoses) remain unexplored. METHODS The primary caregivers of 108 deletion carriers (mean age 13.6 years) and 60 control siblings (mean age 13.1 years) completed a validated epilepsy screening questionnaire. A subsample (n = 44) underwent a second assessment with interview, prolonged electroencephalography (EEG), and medical record and epileptologist review. Intelligence quotient (IQ), psychopathology, and other neurodevelopmental problems were examined using neurocognitive assessment and questionnaire/interview. RESULTS Eleven percent (12/108) of deletion carriers had an epilepsy diagnosis (controls 0%, P = 0.004). Fifty-seven of the remaining 96 deletion carriers (59.4%) had seizures or seizurelike symptoms (controls 13.3%, 8/60, P < 0.001). A febrile seizure was reported for 24.1% (26/107) of cases (controls 0%, P < 0.001). One deletion carrier with a clinical history of epilepsy was diagnosed with an additional type of unprovoked seizure during the second assessment. One deletion carrier was newly diagnosed with epilepsy, and two more with possible nonmotor absence seizures. A positive screen on the epilepsy questionnaire was more likely in deletion carriers with lower performance IQ (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, P = 0.018), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR 3.28, P = 0.021), autism symptoms (OR 3.86, P = 0.004), and indicative motor coordination disorder (OR 4.56, P = 0.021). SIGNIFICANCE Even when accounting for deletion carriers diagnosed with epilepsy, reports of seizures and seizurelike symptoms are common. These may be "true" epileptic seizures in some cases, which are not recognized during routine clinical care. Febrile seizures were far more common in deletion carriers compared to known population risk. A propensity for seizures in 22q11.2DS was associated with cognitive impairment, psychopathology, and motor coordination problems. Future research is required to determine whether this reflects common neurobiologic risk pathways or is a consequence of recurrent seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Eaton
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rhys H Thomas
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Khalid Hamandi
- The Epilepsy Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Michael P Kerr
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adam C Cunningham
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ullrich Bartsch
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Lilly UK Erl Wood Manor, Surrey, UK
| | - Siske S Struik
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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