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Dancik Y, Sriram G, Rout B, Zou Y, Bigliardi-Qi M, Bigliardi PL. Physical and compositional analysis of differently cultured 3D human skin equivalents by confocal Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2019; 143:1065-1076. [PMID: 29368763 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional skin equivalents are increasingly gaining acceptance as non-animal based experimental models of human skin. They are particularly suited to studying differences in physical and compositional properties of normal and diseased skin and their impact on the skin's barrier function. Typically, a culture protocol yielding a model of normal skin is modified to create a model simulating a pathology. Skin layer thicknesses and lipid/protein contents are compared using methods that are invasive, precluding further experiments on the same replicates, and which may be prone to artefacts. We show here that confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) is a valuable method for non-invasive discrimination of skin equivalents grown under different culture conditions. Using 3D full-thickness skin equivalents developed in-house, we measure significant differences in stratum corneum and viable epidermis apparent thicknesses resulting from a 7-day difference in the cultures' air-lift phase and from supplementation of the culture medium with interleukin 4. Furthermore, stratum corneum thicknesses obtained by CRS are up to 2.6-fold higher than values measured from histological photomicrographs. Regarding composition, CRS reveals the differential effects of the culture protocol modifications on ceramide, cholesterol and protein composition as a function of depth in the stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dancik
- Experimental Dermatology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, 8a Biomedical Grove, #06-06, Singapore 138648.
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Edlich A, Volz P, Brodwolf R, Unbehauen M, Mundhenk L, Gruber AD, Hedtrich S, Haag R, Alexiev U, Kleuser B. Crosstalk between core-multishell nanocarriers for cutaneous drug delivery and antigen-presenting cells of the skin. Biomaterials 2018; 162:60-70. [PMID: 29438881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing their unique chemical and physical properties core-multishell (CMS) nanocarriers are thought to underlie their exploitable biomedical use for a topical treatment of skin diseases. This highlights the need to consider not only the efficacy of CMS nanocarriers but also the potentially unpredictable and adverse consequences of their exposure thereto. As CMS nanocarriers are able to penetrate into viable layers of normal and stripped human skin ex vivo as well as in in vitro skin disease models the understanding of nanoparticle crosstalk with components of the immune system requires thorough investigation. Our studies highlight the biocompatible properties of CMS nanocarriers on Langerhans cells of the skin as they did neither induce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity nor cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) or an immunological response. Nevertheless, CMS nanocarriers were efficiently taken up by Langerhans cells via divergent endocytic pathways. Bioimaging of CMS nanocarriers by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and flow cytometry indicated not only a localization within the lysosomes but also an energy-dependent exocytosis of unmodified CMS nanocarriers into the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Edlich
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pierre Volz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Brodwolf
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Unbehauen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Mundhenk
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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Alternative Methods to Animal Testing for the Safety Evaluation of Cosmetic Ingredients: An Overview. COSMETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics4030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety of cosmetics sold in Europe is based on the safety evaluation of each individual ingredient conducted by those responsible for putting the product on the market. However, those substances for which some concern exists with respect to human health (e.g., colorants, preservatives, UV-filters, nanomaterials) are evaluated at the European Commission level by a scientific committee, currently called the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). According to the Cosmetics Regulation (European Commission, 2009), it is prohibited in the European Union (EU) to market cosmetic products and ingredients that have been tested on animals. However, the results of studies performed before the ban continue to be accepted. In the current study, we evaluated the use of in vitro methods in the dossiers submitted to the SCCS in the period between 2013 and 2016 based on the published reports issued by the scientific committee, which provides a scientific opinion on these dossiers. The results of this evaluation were compared with those of an evaluation conducted four years previously. We found that, despite a slight increase in the number of studies performed in vitro, the majority of studies submitted to the SCCS is still done principally in vivo and correspond to studies performed before the ban.
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Paller AS, Renert-Yuval Y, Suprun M, Esaki H, Oliva M, Huynh TN, Ungar B, Kunjravia N, Friedland R, Peng X, Zheng X, Estrada YD, Krueger JG, Choate KA, Suárez-Fariñas M, Guttman-Yassky E. An IL-17-dominant immune profile is shared across the major orphan forms of ichthyosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:152-165. [PMID: 27554821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ichthyoses are rare genetic disorders associated with generalized scaling, erythema, and epidermal barrier impairment. Pathogenesis-based therapy is largely lacking because the underlying molecular basis is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize molecularly cutaneous inflammation and its correlation with clinical and barrier characteristics. METHODS We analyzed biopsy specimens from 21 genotyped patients with ichthyosis (congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, n = 6; lamellar ichthyosis, n = 7; epidermolytic ichthyosis, n = 5; and Netherton syndrome, n = 3) using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR and compared them with specimens from healthy control subjects, patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), and patients with psoriasis. Clinical measures included the Ichthyosis Area Severity Index (IASI), which integrates erythema (IASI-E) and scaling (IASI-S); transepidermal water loss; and pruritus. RESULTS Ichthyosis samples showed increased epidermal hyperplasia (increased thickness and keratin 16 expression) and T-cell and dendritic cell infiltrates. Increases of general inflammatory (IL-2), innate (IL-1β), and some TH1/interferon (IFN-γ) markers in patients with ichthyosis were comparable with those in patients with psoriasis or AD. TNF-α levels in patients with ichthyosis were increased only in those with Netherton syndrome but were much lower than in patients with psoriasis and those with AD. Expression of TH2 cytokines (IL-13 and IL-31) was similar to that seen in control subjects. The striking induction of IL-17-related genes or markers synergistically induced by IL-17 and TNF-α (IL-17A/C, IL-19, CXCL1, PI3, CCL20, and IL36G; P < .05) in patients with ichthyosis was similar to that seen in patients with psoriasis. IASI and IASI-E scores strongly correlated with IL-17A (r = 0.74, P < .001) and IL-17/TNF-synergistic/additive gene expression. These markers also significantly correlated with transepidermal water loss, suggesting a link between the barrier defect and inflammation in patients with ichthyosis. CONCLUSION Our data associate a shared TH17/IL-23 immune fingerprint with the major orphan forms of ichthyosis and raise the possibility of IL-17-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
| | - Yael Renert-Yuval
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Maria Suprun
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hitokazu Esaki
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Margeaux Oliva
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Thy Nhat Huynh
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Benjamin Ungar
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Norma Kunjravia
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Rivka Friedland
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Xiangyu Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Mayte Suárez-Fariñas
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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Eckl KM. Update: advanced methods in three-dimensional organotypic tissue engineering for congenital ichthyosis and other rare keratinization disorders. Br J Dermatol 2016; 171:1289-90. [PMID: 25523252 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Eckl
- Center for Dermatogenetics, Division of Human Genetics and Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr-Street 1, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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HPLC–FLD and spectrofluorometer apparatus: How to best detect fluorescent probe-loaded niosomes in biological samples. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:575-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Esposito E, Sticozzi C, Ravani L, Drechsler M, Muresan XM, Cervellati F, Cortesi R, Valacchi G. Effect of new curcumin-containing nanostructured lipid dispersions on human keratinocytes proliferative responses. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:449-54. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Claudia Sticozzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Laura Ravani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Macromolecular Chemistry II; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
| | - Ximena M. Muresan
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Rita Cortesi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
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Rosenberger S, Dick A, Latzko S, Hausser I, Stark HJ, Rauh M, Schneider H, Krieg P. A mouse organotypic tissue culture model for autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1347-57. [PMID: 25078898 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyoses (ARCIs) are keratinization disorders caused by impaired skin barrier function. Mutations in the genes encoding the lipoxygenases 12R-LOX and eLOX-3 are the second most common cause of ARCIs. In recent years, human skin equivalents recapitulating the ARCI phenotype have been established. OBJECTIVES To develop a murine organotypic tissue culture model for ARCI. METHODS Epidermal keratinocytes were isolated from newborn 12R-LOX-deficient mice and cocultivated with mouse dermal fibroblasts embedded in a scaffold of native collagen type I. RESULTS With this experimental set-up the keratinocytes formed a well-organized multilayered stratified epithelium resembling skin architecture in vivo. All epidermal layers were present and the keratinocytes within showed the characteristic morphological features. Markers for differentiation and maturation indicated regular epidermal morphogenesis. The major components of epidermal structures were expressed, and were obviously processed and assembled properly. In contrast to their wild-type counterparts, 12R-LOX-deficient skin equivalents showed abnormal vesicular structures in the upper epidermal layers correlating with altered lipid composition and increased transepidermal water loss, comparable with 12R-LOX-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS The mouse skin equivalents faithfully recapitulate the 12R-LOX-deficient phenotype observed in vivo, classifying them as appropriate in vitro models to study molecular mechanisms involved in the development of ARCI and to evaluate novel therapeutic agents. In contrast to existing human three-dimensional skin models, the generation of these murine models is not constrained by a limited supply of material and does not depend on in vitro expansion and/or genetic manipulations that could result in inadvertent genotypic and phenotypic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rosenberger
- Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Do N, Weindl G, Fleige E, Salwiczek M, Koksch B, Haag R, Schäfer-Korting M. Core-multishell nanotransporters enhance skin penetration of the cell-penetrating peptide low molecular weight protamine. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nhung Do
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology); Freie Universität Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology); Freie Universität Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Emanuel Fleige
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Mario Salwiczek
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology); Freie Universität Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
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Alnasif N, Zoschke C, Fleige E, Brodwolf R, Boreham A, Rühl E, Eckl KM, Merk HF, Hennies HC, Alexiev U, Haag R, Küchler S, Schäfer-Korting M. Penetration of normal, damaged and diseased skin--an in vitro study on dendritic core-multishell nanotransporters. J Control Release 2014; 185:45-50. [PMID: 24727058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A growing intended or accidental exposure to nanoparticles asks for the elucidation of potential toxicity linked to the penetration of normal and lesional skin. We studied the skin penetration of dye-tagged dendritic core-multishell (CMS) nanotransporters and of Nile red loaded CMS nanotransporters using fluorescence microscopy. Normal and stripped human skin ex vivo as well as normal reconstructed human skin and in vitro skin disease models served as test platforms. Nile red was delivered rapidly into the viable epidermis and dermis of normal skin, whereas the highly flexible CMS nanotransporters remained solely in the stratum corneum after 6h but penetrated into deeper skin layers after 24h exposure. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy proved a stable dye-tag and revealed striking nanotransporter-skin interactions. The viable layers of stripped skin were penetrated more efficiently by dye-tagged CMS nanotransporters and the cargo compared to normal skin. Normal reconstructed human skin reflected the penetration of Nile red and CMS nanotransporters in human skin and both, the non-hyperkeratotic non-melanoma skin cancer and hyperkeratotic peeling skin disease models come along with altered absorption in the skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Alnasif
- Institute for Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Zoschke
- Institute for Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Fleige
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Organic Chemistry), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Brodwolf
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifuntional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Alexander Boreham
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Physical and Theoretical Chemistry), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja-Martina Eckl
- University of Cologne, Cologne Center for Genomics, Cologne, Germany; Dermatogenetics, Div. of Human Genetics, Dept. of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans-Friedrich Merk
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Hennies
- University of Cologne, Cologne Center for Genomics, Cologne, Germany; Dermatogenetics, Div. of Human Genetics, Dept. of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifuntional Biomaterials for Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Organic Chemistry), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Küchler
- Institute for Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Institute for Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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