1
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Zhang C, Dong X, Chen J, Liu F. Association between lipid accumulation product and psoriasis among adults: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:143. [PMID: 38760661 PMCID: PMC11100150 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is an accessible and relatively comprehensive assessment of obesity that represents both anatomical and physiological lipid accumulation. Obesity and psoriasis are potentially related, according to previous research. Investigating the relationship between adult psoriasis and the LAP index was the goal of this study. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 and 2009-2014. The association between LAP and psoriasis was examined using multivariate logistic regression and smoothed curve fitting. To verify whether this relationship was stable across populations, subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed. RESULTS The LAP index showed a positive correlation with psoriasis in 9,781 adult participants who were 20 years of age or older. A 27% elevated probability of psoriasis was linked to every unit increase in ln LAP in the fully adjusted model (Model 3: OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06-1.52). In comparison with participants in the lowest ln LAP quartile, those in the highest quartile had an 83% greater likelihood of psoriasis (Model 3: OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.08-3.11). This positive correlation was more pronounced for young males, participants who had never smoked, non-drinkers, participants who exercised little, as well as non-hypertensive and non-diabetic participants. CONCLUSIONS This study found that the LAP index and adult psoriasis were positively correlated, especially in young males without comorbidities. Therefore, it is proposed that LAP may serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis of psoriasis and tracking the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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2
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Phenotypical Conversions of Dermal Adipocytes as Pathophysiological Steps in Inflammatory Cutaneous Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073828. [PMID: 35409189 PMCID: PMC8998946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes from the superficial layer of subcutaneous adipose tissue undergo cyclic de- and re-differentiation, which can significantly influence the development of skin inflammation under different cutaneous conditions. This inflammation can be connected with local loading of the reticular dermis with lipids released due to de-differentiation of adipocytes during the catagen phase of the hair follicle cycle. Alternatively, the inflammation parallels a widespread release of cathelicidin, which typically takes place in the anagen phase (especially in the presence of pathogens). Additionally, trans-differentiation of dermal adipocytes into myofibroblasts, which can occur under some pathological conditions, can be responsible for the development of collateral scarring in acne. Here, we provide an overview of such cellular conversions in the skin and discuss their possible involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin conditions, such as acne and psoriasis.
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3
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Ruiyang B, Panayi A, Ruifang W, Peng Z, Siqi F. Adiponectin in psoriasis and its comorbidities: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:87. [PMID: 34372872 PMCID: PMC8353790 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal T cell activation and excessive proliferation of keratinocytes. In addition to skin manifestations, psoriasis has been associated with multiple metabolic comorbidities, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. An increasing amount of evidence has highlighted the core role of adipokines in adipose tissue and the immune system. This review focus on the role of adiponectin in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and its comorbidities, highlighting the future research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Ruiyang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Adriana Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wu Ruifang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhang Peng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Fu Siqi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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4
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Assan F, Tubach F, Arlegui H, Viguier M, Beylot-Barry M, Dupuy A, Beneton N, Joly P, Jullien D, Mahé E, Paul C, Richard MA, Bachelez H, Giboin C, Chosidow O, Sbidian E. First-Line Biologic Therapy and Obesity in Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: Results from the Prospective Multicenter Cohort Psobioteq. Dermatology 2021; 237:338-346. [PMID: 33535213 DOI: 10.1159/000513398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with an increased risk of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined whether body mass index (BMI) is taken into account when choosing first-line biologic therapy for psoriasis. METHODS In this cohort study, we compared obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and non-obese patients for the first-line biologic therapy prescribed, its survival, reasons for discontinuation, therapy optimization, co-prescription of methotrexate and factors associated with long drug survival. RESULTS A total of 931 patients were included: 594 (64%) were male, median age was 46 years (interquartile range 36-56). The most-prescribed biologic agents as first-line treatment were adalimumab (ADA; 42.7%), ustekinumab (UST; 29.9%) and etanercept (ETA; 22.9%); only frequency of infliximab (IFX) prescription differed between groups. Drug survival was significantly shorter for obese than non-obese patients (p < 2.10-4) and was worse for obese than non-obese patients for UST (p = 0.009) and ETA (p = 0.02), with no difference for ADA (p = 0.11). The main reason for discontinuation was primary inefficacy (62%), which was more frequent in obese than non-obese patients. The cumulative incidence of optimization did not significantly differ between the groups, except for ADA (SHR 1.91, 95% CI [1.23-2.96], p = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, risk of discontinuation was associated with only ETA as first-line biologic therapy (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.19). CONCLUSION This study highlighted the lack of difference in prescription of first-line biologic treatment, except for IFX, between obese and non-obese patients presenting moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Drug survival in obese patients is shorter, mainly because of inefficacy, than in non-obese patients. This highlights the need for targeted pharmacological studies in obese individuals to find optimal administration schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Assan
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Florence Tubach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Paris, France
| | - Hugo Arlegui
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Paris, France
| | - Manuelle Viguier
- Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Marie Beylot-Barry
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Saint-André, INSERM U1053, Oncogenesis of Cutaneous Lymphoma, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Dupuy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.,REPERES Pharmaco-Epidemiology and Health Services Research, University Rennes and French School of Public Health, Rennes, France
| | | | - Pascal Joly
- Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, INSERM U1234, Normandy University Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Denis Jullien
- Department of Dermatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Mahé
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Victor Dupouy, Argenteuil, France
| | - Carle Paul
- Department of Dermatology, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU), Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hervé Bachelez
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Sorbonne Paris Cité Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Giboin
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chosidow
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.,Hôpital Henri Mondor, Clinical Investigation Centre, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Epidemiology in Dermatology and Evaluation of Therapeutics (EpiDermE), Créteil, France
| | - Emilie Sbidian
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, .,Hôpital Henri Mondor, Clinical Investigation Centre, Créteil, France, .,Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Epidemiology in Dermatology and Evaluation of Therapeutics (EpiDermE), Créteil, France,
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5
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Thermogenic adipocytes: lineage, function and therapeutic potential. Biochem J 2020; 477:2071-2093. [PMID: 32539124 PMCID: PMC7293110 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic inflexibility, defined as the inability to respond or adapt to metabolic demand, is now recognised as a driving factor behind many pathologies associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the ability of an organism to sense, adapt to and counteract environmental changes. It provides a buffer in times of nutrient excess, a fuel reserve during starvation and the ability to resist cold-stress through non-shivering thermogenesis. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing combined with lineage tracing, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have identified novel adipocyte progenitors that give rise to specialised adipocytes with diverse functions, some of which have the potential to be exploited therapeutically. This review will highlight the common and distinct functions of well-known adipocyte populations with respect to their lineage and plasticity, as well as introducing the most recent members of the adipocyte family and their roles in whole organism energy homeostasis. Finally, this article will outline some of the more preliminary findings from large data sets generated by single-cell transcriptomics of mouse and human adipose tissue and their implications for the field, both for discovery and for therapy.
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6
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Wong Y, Nakamizo S, Tan KJ, Kabashima K. An Update on the Role of Adipose Tissues in Psoriasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1507. [PMID: 31316526 PMCID: PMC6609873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease that is increasingly being recognized as a disease that not only affects the skin but also has multi-systemic implications. The pathophysiological link between psoriasis and obesity is becoming increasingly elucidated by recent studies. The cross-talk between adipocytes and the immune system via various mediators such as adipokines could explain how obesity contributes to psoriasis. The effects of obesity on adipocytes include upregulation of pro-inflammatory adipokines such as leptin and resistin, downregulation of anti-inflammatory adipokine, and also the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. This article provides an update on the role of adipose tissues in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Nakamizo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kahbing J Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Singapore Immunology Network, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department Dermatology, Kyoto University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Nicu C, Hardman JA, Pople J, Paus R. Do human dermal adipocytes switch from lipogenesis in anagen to lipophagy and lipolysis during catagen in the human hair cycle? Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:432-435. [PMID: 30776154 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In murine skin, dermal white adipose tissue (DWAT) undergoes fluctuations in size across the hair cycle, whereas changes in size, function and metabolism of dermal adipocytes (DAs) during the human scalp hair cycle remain unexplored. Transmission electron microscopy results suggest that during anagen-catagen transition, human DAs co-opt the autophagy machinery to undergo lipophagy within their lipid droplets. Whole-mount staining of hair follicles (HFs) and surrounding DWAT for the autophagy marker LC3B confirms the increased presence of LC3B+ lipid droplets adjacent to catagen HFs; moreover, DWAT around catagen HFs engages in greater glycerol release compared to DWAT surrounding anagen HFs. Thus, we hypothesize that human DAs switch from lipogenesis during anagen to lipophagy together with lipolysis during catagen. We propose various experiments to further prove this hypothesis, whose systematic exploration should help to better characterize the functions of human DWAT and its communication with the HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nicu
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan Alan Hardman
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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8
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Boehncke WH, Brembilla NC. Unmet Needs in the Field of Psoriasis: Pathogenesis and Treatment. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 55:295-311. [PMID: 28780731 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In times of targeted therapies, innovative therapeutics become tools to further unravel the pathogenesis of the treated disease, thus influencing current pathogenetic concepts. Based on such paradigm shifts, the next generation of novel therapeutic targets might be identified. Psoriasis is a good example for the resulting most fruitful dialog between clinical and fundamental research. As a result of this, the key role of Th17 lymphocytes, some of their effector molecules, as well as mediators contributing to their maturation have been identified, many of these being targeted by some of the most effective drugs currently available to treat psoriasis. During this process, it became obvious that major parts of the puzzle remain yet to be uncovered or understood in much more detail. This review will therefore address the search for additional important effector cells other than Th17 lymphocytes, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells, mediators other than IL-17A, including some other IL-17 isoforms, and trigger factors such as potential autoantigens. This will lead to discussing the next generation of targeted therapies for psoriasis as well as treatment goals. These goals need to comprise both psoriasis as well as its comorbidities, as a comprehensive approach to manage the whole patient with all his health issues is urgently needed. Finally, given the substantial differences in resources available in different parts of the world, the global burden of psoriasis and options on how to care for patients outside developed countries will be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Divison of Dermatology and Venerology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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9
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Caveolin-1 as a pathophysiological factor and target in psoriasis. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2019; 5:4. [PMID: 30729030 PMCID: PMC6363785 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-019-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is typical in psoriatic lesions and overexpression of Cav-1 leads to a reduction of inflammation and suppression of epidermal hyperproliferation, thus ameliorating these two well-known hallmarks of psoriasis. At the same time, the interfacial layers of the white adipose tissue (WAT) adjacent to psoriatic lesions demonstrate much higher stiffness, which also points to a modification of Cav-1 expression in this tissue. These processes are connected with each other and regulated via exosomal exchange. Here we discuss the role of Cav-1 expression in inflammatory and hyperproliferative processes and analyze the ways to provide spatially different modulation of Cav-1 expression in the skin and WAT. Such modulation can be induced by different pharmacological and physical factors. These include application of mechanical stress and supra-physiological temperatures. Cav-1 should therefore be considered as an important target in treatment of psoriasis.
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10
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Nicu C, Pople J, Bonsell L, Bhogal R, Ansell DM, Paus R. A guide to studying human dermal adipocytes in situ. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:589-602. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nicu
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | | | - Laura Bonsell
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | | | - David M. Ansell
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL USA
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11
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Kruglikov IL, Scherer PE. Skin aging as a mechanical phenomenon: The main weak links. NUTRITION AND HEALTHY AGING 2018; 4:291-307. [PMID: 29951590 PMCID: PMC6004930 DOI: 10.3233/nha-170037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
From a mechanical point of view, human skin appears as a layered composite containing the stiff thin cover layer presented by the stratum corneum, below which are the more compliant layers of viable epidermis and dermis and further below the much more compliant adjacent layer of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Upon exposure to a strain, such a multi-layer system demonstrates structural instabilities in its stiffer layers, which in its simplest form is the wrinkling. These instabilities appear hierarchically when the mechanical strain in the skin exceeds some critical values. Their appearance is mainly dependent on the mismatch in mechanical properties between adjacent skin layers or between the skin and sWAT, on the adhesive strength and thickness ratios between the layers, on their bending and tensile stiffness as well as on the value of the stress existing in single layers. Gradual reduction of elastic fibers in aging significantly reduces the skin's ability to bend, prompting an up to 4-fold reduction of its stability against wrinkling, thereby explaining the role of these fibers in skin aging. While chronological and extrinsic aging differently modify these parameters, they lead to the same end result, reducing the critical strain required for the onset of instabilities. Comparing of mechanical properties of the skin presented as a bi-, tri- or tetra-layer structure demonstrates the particular importance of the papillary dermis in skin aging and provides the arguments to consider the undulations on the dermal-epidermal and dermal-sWAT interfaces as the result of mechanical bifurcation, leading to structural instabilities inside of the skin. According to this model, anti-aging strategies should focus not as much on the reinforcement of the dermis, but rather aim to treat the elastic mismatch between different adjacent layers in the skin and sWAT as well as the adhesion between these layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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12
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Wollina U, Wetzker R, Abdel-Naser MB, Kruglikov IL. Role of adipose tissue in facial aging. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:2069-2076. [PMID: 29255352 PMCID: PMC5723114 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s151599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-dependent modification of the facial subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) connected with reduction of its volume, modification of collagen content and adhesion between dermal and adipose layers can significantly influence mechanical stability of the skin and cause the development of aging symptoms such as wrinkles. Typical aging appearance in facial skin is at least partly connected with special phenotypical features of facial preadipocytes and mature adipocytes. In this paper, we have discussed the possible roles of local inflammation, compartmental structure of facial sWAT and trans-differentiation processes such as beiging of white adipocytes and adipocyte-myofibroblast transition in facial skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, and Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Purpose of Review This review provides a summary of recent insights into the role of the local white adipose tissue (WAT) in systemic sclerosis. Recent Findings Adipocytes located in an interfacial WAT area adjacent to fibrotic lesions have an intermediate phenotype and special properties implicated in fibrotic pathology in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The important role of these cells is recognized in different pathologies, such as wound healing, psoriasis, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Additionally, both immature and mature adipocytes are involved in the appearance of fibroblast-like cells but exhibit different phenotypes and synthetic properties. Summary Adipocytes from interfacial WAT adjacent to the fibrotic area in SSc are phenotypically different from bulk adipocytes and are involved in pathogenesis of SSc. Immature and mature adipocytes from this WAT layer differentiate into various types of fibroblast-like cells, making the local ratio of immature to mature adipocytes in interfacial WAT of particular importance in SSc pathogenesis.
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14
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Abstract
Macroscopic mechanical properties of human skin in vivo cannot be considered independent of adjacent subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). The layered system skin/sWAT appears as the hierarchical structural composite in which single layers behave as fiber-reinforced structures. Effective macroscopic mechanical properties of such composites are mainly determined either by the properties of the skin or by those of the sWAT, dependent on the conditions of mechanical loading. Mechanical interactions between the skin and the adjacent sWAT associated with a mismatch in the mechanical moduli of these two layers can lead to production of the skin wrinkles. Reinforcement of the composite skin/sWAT can take place in different ways. It can be provided through reorientation of collagen fibers under applied loading, through production of new bonds between existing collagen fibers and through induction of additional collagen structures. Effectiveness of this type of reinforcement is strongly dependent on the type of mechanical loading. Different physical interventions induce the reinforcement of at least one of these two layers, thus increasing the effective macroscopic stiffness of the total composite. At the same time, the standalone reinforcement of the skin appears to be less effective to achieve a delay or a reduction of the apparent signs of skin aging relative to the reinforcement of the sWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ståhle
- Unit of Dermatology and Venereology; Department of Medicine; Karolinska Institutet Solna and Karolinska University Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael P. Schön
- Department of Dermatology Venereology and Allergology; University Medical Center; Göttingen, Germany 4Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology; University Medical Center; Göttingen Germany
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16
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Kruglikov IL, Wollina U. Local effects of adipose tissue in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. PSORIASIS-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 7:17-25. [PMID: 29387604 PMCID: PMC5774600 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s122959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The structure and physiological state of the local white adipose tissue (WAT) located underneath the lesional psoriatic skin and inside of the joints affected by psoriatic arthritis play an important role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. WAT pads associated with inflammatory sites in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are, correspondingly, dermal WAT and articular adipose tissue; these pads demonstrate inflammatory phenotypes in both diseases. Such local WAT inflammation could be the primary effect in the pathophysiology of psoriasis leading to the modification of the local expression of adipokines, a change in the structure of the basement membrane and the release of keratinocytes with consequent epidermal hyperproliferation during psoriasis. Similar articular adipose tissue inflammation can lead to the induction of structural modifications and synovial inflammation in the joints of patients with psoriatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt Academic Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Geneva University Hospitals and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Kruglikov IL, Scherer PE. Skin aging: are adipocytes the next target? Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:1457-69. [PMID: 27434510 PMCID: PMC4993342 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is increasingly appreciated as a special fat depot. The adipocytes in this depot exert a variety of unique effects on their surrounding cells and can undergo massive phenotypic changes. Significant modulation of dWAT content can be observed both in intrinsically and extrinsically aged skin. Specifically, skin that has been chronically photo-damaged displays a reduction of the dWAT volume, caused by the replacement of adipocytes by fibrotic structures. This is likely to be caused by the recently uncovered process described as "adipocyte-myofibroblast transition" (AMT). In addition, contributions of dermal adipocytes to the skin aging processes are also indirectly supported by spatial correlations between the prevalence of hypertrophic scarring and the appearance of signs of skin aging in different ethnic groups. These observations could elevate dermal adipocytes to prime targets in strategies aimed at counteracting skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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