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Thet D, Lappichetpaiboon S, Trakultritrung C, Sotangkur N, Phonphithak S, Lwin HMS, Apornpong T, Han WM, Avihingsanon A, Siritientong T. The Risk of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Elderly People Living with HIV during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2024; 16:2540. [PMID: 39125419 PMCID: PMC11313797 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a risk factor of sarcopenia in the elderly. During the COVID-19 pandemic, limited transportation and supply chain disruptions restricted access to nutritious foods. We assessed the nutritional status and sarcopenia risk in older people living with HIV (PLWH) on combination antiretroviral therapy in Thailand. This study was a hospital-based cohort among virally suppressed older PLWH who came for routine HIV clinic visits. The mini nutritional assessment (MNA), body composition analysis and 5-time chair stand test (CST) were performed to assess the nutritional status, muscle mass and physical performance, respectively. A total of 177 PLWH were enrolled (57.60% male). The median age was 58 years (IQR 55-62 years). Thirty-five participants (19.8%) were at risk of developing sarcopenia, and 28.2% had abnormal nutritional status. Muscle mass correlated positively with nutritional scores (r = 0.355, p < 0.001) but negatively with 5-time CST duration (r = -0.173, p = 0.021). In the multivariate model, muscle mass was associated with age, sex, mid-arm circumference, calf circumference and 5-time CST duration. In a well-viral-suppressed older Asian PLWH cohort, given the positive correlation between nutritional status and muscle mass, the nutritional status of older PLWH should be routinely evaluated and monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daylia Thet
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.T.); (S.L.); (C.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Sawitee Lappichetpaiboon
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.T.); (S.L.); (C.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Chidchanok Trakultritrung
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.T.); (S.L.); (C.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nongnapas Sotangkur
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.T.); (S.L.); (C.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Supalak Phonphithak
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.P.); (H.M.S.L.); (T.A.); (W.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Hay Mar Su Lwin
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.P.); (H.M.S.L.); (T.A.); (W.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Tanakorn Apornpong
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.P.); (H.M.S.L.); (T.A.); (W.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Win Min Han
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.P.); (H.M.S.L.); (T.A.); (W.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Anchalee Avihingsanon
- The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.P.); (H.M.S.L.); (T.A.); (W.M.H.); (A.A.)
- Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Siritientong
- Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (D.T.); (S.L.); (C.T.); (N.S.)
- Center of Excellence in Burn and Wound Care, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Amini N, Ibn Hach M, Lapauw L, Dupont J, Vercauteren L, Verschueren S, Tournoy J, Gielen E. Meta-analysis on the interrelationship between sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:1240-1253. [PMID: 38715252 PMCID: PMC11294028 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including cognitive dysfunction. However, its specific interrelationship with neurocognitive disorders such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD) or other types of dementia has not been thoroughly explored. This meta-analysis aims to summarize the existing evidence on this interrelationship. This systematic review was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022366309) and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Databases, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the data registry ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to 8 June 2023. Observational studies (cross-sectional and cohort) and interventional studies reporting on the association and prevalence of sarcopenia in MCI, AD or other types of dementia in adults ≥50 years were included. For the meta-analysis, pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the association of sarcopenia with the neurocognitive disorders using random-effects/fixed-effects models. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. A total of 77 studies consisting of 92 058 subjects were finally included in the qualitative analysis (71 cross-sectional, 4 cohort and 2 interventional studies). Studies were heterogeneous, using different diagnostic criteria to define both sarcopenia and cognitive status. The majority of studies (n = 38) included Asian community-dwelling older adults. Most studies investigated the association of sarcopenia with AD (33/77) and MCI (32/77). For studies focusing on other forms of dementia, two studies included Lewy body dementia and one study included Parkinson's dementia, whereas the remaining studies did not specify dementia aetiology (n = 21). Three cohort studies explored the association between sarcopenia and incident MCI, whereas only one cohort study explored the association between dementia and incident sarcopenia. Two interventional studies investigated whether an exercise programme could prevent the progression of sarcopenia in older adults with dementia or AD. The information for the meta-analysis was extracted from 26 studies. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with MCI (pooled OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.42-1.76) (n = 14), AD (pooled OR = 2.97, 95% CI 2.15-4.08) (n = 3) and non-AD dementia (pooled OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.09-2.58) (n = 9). The significance and magnitude of the associations differed in subgroup analyses by study design, population, definition of sarcopenia or used tool to measure cognitive status. This meta-analysis showed that sarcopenia is significantly associated with MCI, AD and other types of dementia. These findings suggest the importance of early screening and prevention of sarcopenia in older people with cognitive dysfunction, although further longitudinal research is needed to clarify the causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjia Amini
- Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary CareKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | - Laurence Lapauw
- Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary CareKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jolan Dupont
- Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary CareKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Geriatric MedicineUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Laura Vercauteren
- Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary CareKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sabine Verschueren
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jos Tournoy
- Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary CareKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Geriatric MedicineUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Gerontology & Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary CareKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Geriatric MedicineUZ LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Prokopidis K, Giannos P, Reginster JY, Bruyere O, Petrovic M, Cherubini A, Triantafyllidis KK, Kechagias KS, Dionyssiotis Y, Cesari M, Ibrahim K, Scott D, Barbagallo M, Veronese N. Sarcopenia is associated with a greater risk of polypharmacy and number of medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:671-683. [PMID: 36781175 PMCID: PMC10067503 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacy in older adults is associated with multiple negative consequences that may affect muscular function, independently from the presence of medical conditions. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association of sarcopenia with polypharmacy and higher number of medications. A systematic literature search of observational studies using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from inception until June 2022. To determine if sarcopenia is associated with a higher risk of polypharmacy and increased number of medications, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects (CRD42022337539). Twenty-nine studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Sarcopenia was associated with a higher prevalence of polypharmacy (odds ratio [OR]: 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.23, 2.20], I2 = 84%, P < 0.01) and higher number of medications (mean difference: 1.39, 95% CI [0.59, 2.19], I2 = 95%, P < 0.01) compared with individuals without sarcopenia. Using meta-regression, a high variance was observed due to different populations (i.e., community-dwelling, nursing home residents, inpatients, outpatients) for both outcomes of polypharmacy (r = -0.338, SE = 0.1669, 95% CI [-0.67, -0.01], z = -2.03, P = 0.04) and number of medications (r = 0.589, SE = 0.2615, 95% CI [0.08, 1.10], z = 2.25, P = 0.02). This systematic review and meta-analysis reported a significantly increased risk of polypharmacy and higher number of medications in people with sarcopenia compared with individuals without this condition. Future research should clarify whether the specificity and number of medications is a direct contributor in accelerating the progression of muscle wasting and dysfunction contributing to sarcopenia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Society of Meta‐research and Biomedical InnovationLondonUK
| | - Panagiotis Giannos
- Society of Meta‐research and Biomedical InnovationLondonUK
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jean Yves Reginster
- WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and AgingLiègeBelgium
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health EconomicsUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Olivier Bruyere
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo‐Skeletal Health and AgeingUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and PaediatricsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'Invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCAAnconaItaly
| | - Konstantinos K. Triantafyllidis
- Society of Meta‐research and Biomedical InnovationLondonUK
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsHomerton University Hospital Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Konstantinos S. Kechagias
- Society of Meta‐research and Biomedical InnovationLondonUK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yannis Dionyssiotis
- Medical School, Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Clinic, General University Hospital PatrasUniversity of PatrasPatrasGreece
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Geriatric UnitIRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici MaugeriMilanItaly
| | - Kinda Ibrahim
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital SouthamptonUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, The National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR)University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Department of Internal Medicine and GeriatricsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine and GeriatricsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
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Chen X, Cao M, Liu M, Liu S, Zhao Z, Chen H. Association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in the older people: a meta-analysis. Eur Geriatr Med 2022; 13:771-787. [PMID: 35670963 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-022-00661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of sarcopenia on the older people are profound, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes for older patients. Although the substantial impact of sarcopenia on maintaining functional independence and adverse health outcomes has been described many times in the past, the link between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in older adults remains lacking in evidence and controversial. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive search of available national and international databases and carried out a meta-analysis to examine the association between sarcopenia in older people and cognitive impairment. METHODS Relevant experiments had been recognized via looking out electronic databases and conference sessions. The present study included case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional studies of the association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in the older people. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 26 articles and 18,788 participants were involved after assessment of eligibility. The results of this meta-analysis showed that the risk of developing cognitive impairment was significantly higher in patients with sarcopenia than in those without sarcopenia [OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.57, 1.95; P < 0.00001], MMSE score of sarcopenia group was lower than that of non-sarcopenia group, the difference was statistically significant [OR = - 2.23; 95% CI = - 2.48, - 1.99; P < 0.00001]. CONCLUSION Overall, this meta-analysis showed an association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment in the older people, demonstrating a significant association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment. This suggested that providing comprehensive sarcopenia screening and active prevention for the older people with cognitive decline has certain clinical value for improving the quality of life of the older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mingjie Cao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Nursing Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Shuping Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.639, Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Infection Control, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- Nursing Department, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, 200120, China
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Galhardas L, Raimundo A, Del Pozo-Cruz J, Marmeleira J. Physical and Motor Fitness Tests for Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5058. [PMID: 35564453 PMCID: PMC9105463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to identify the physical/motor fitness tests for nursing home residents and to examine their psychometric properties. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2005 and October 2021 using MeSh terms and relevant keywords. Of the total of 4196 studies identified, 3914 were excluded based on title, abstracts, or because they were duplicates. The remaining 282 studies were full-text analyzed, and 41 were excluded, resulting in 241 studies included in the review. The most common physical component assessed was muscle strength; 174 (72.2%) studies assessed this component. Balance (138 studies, 57.3%) and agility (102 studies, 42.3%) were the second and third components, respectively, most widely assessed. In this review, we also describe the most used assessment tests for each physical/motor component. Some potentially relevant components such as manual dexterity and proprioception have been little considered. There are few studies assessing the psychometric properties of the tests for nursing home residents, although the data show that, in general, they are reliable. This review provides valuable information to researchers and health-care professionals regarding the physical/motor tests used in nursing home residences, helping them select the screening tools that could most closely fit their study objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Galhardas
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal; (A.R.); (J.M.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Palácio do Vimioso, Gabinete 256, Largo Marquês de Marialva, Apart. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Armando Raimundo
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal; (A.R.); (J.M.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Palácio do Vimioso, Gabinete 256, Largo Marquês de Marialva, Apart. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Jesús Del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
- Epidemiology of Physical Activity and Fitness across Lifespan Research Group (EPAFit), University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Marmeleira
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal; (A.R.); (J.M.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Palácio do Vimioso, Gabinete 256, Largo Marquês de Marialva, Apart. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
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Nutritional status and quality of life are associated with risk of sarcopenia in nursing home residents: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Res 2022; 101:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Handajani Y, Butterfill E, Hengky A, Sugiyono S, Lamadong V, Turana Y. Sarcopenia and impairment in global cognitive, delayed memory, and olfactory function, among community-dwelling adults, in Jakarta, Indonesia: Active aging study. Tzu Chi Med J 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_175_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Pachołek K, Sobieszczańska M. Sarcopenia Identification during Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:32. [PMID: 35010295 PMCID: PMC8751172 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional diagnostic process enabling evaluation of elderly patients' physical and mental health status that implies implementation of the management targeted on the preservation of functional independence. Sarcopenia is a common but often underdiagnosed geriatric syndrome associated with increased likelihood of functional dependence and mortality risk. The main objectives of the study were the evaluation of sarcopenia prevalence in the patient group subjected to CGA with the upgraded EWGSOP2 algorithm considering muscle strength as the key criterion and usage of bioimpedance (BIA) muscle mass assessment. The study group consisted of 101 patients (76 women and 25 men) admitted for planned CGA to the Geriatrics Department of Wroclaw University Hospital. A diagnosis of sarcopenia was made according to the EWGSOP2 protocol. Body composition was determined with the bioimpedance technique. Functional status was assessed with ADLs from the VES-13 scale and additional questions. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 16.8% of the study participants. Sarcopenic individuals presented worse functional status and impaired social activity. Muscle strength, gait speed and muscle mass below cut-off values were associated with dependence found in ADLs. Results showed that sarcopenia is a common impairment correlated with worse functional status and vulnerability to adverse outcomes. BIA can be treated as an accessible and accurate technique for muscle mass measurement in screening for sarcopenia, and the EWGSOP2 algorithm should be an essential part of the routine CGA procedure.
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Aquilanti L, Alia S, Pugnaloni S, Scalise L, Vignini A, Rappelli G. A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study on Oral Health and Nutritional Status of Institutionalized Older Adults: A Focus on Sarcopenia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13232. [PMID: 34948835 PMCID: PMC8702105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The global population aged over 60 will double by 2050. This pilot cross-sectional study aims at evaluating nutritional and oral health status and the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults living in an Italian residential aged care facility. Thirty-two adults aged ≥65 years were included. Individual sociodemographic data and nutritional and oral health data were collected. For sarcopenia diagnosis, muscle mass, physical performance, muscle strength and anthropometric parameters were recorded. Participants underwent a nutritional screening and a dental examination. Mini Nutritional Assessment and masticatory mixing ability test were performed. The results showed that men recorded a hand strength significantly higher than that of women, 25.5 ± 7.2 Kg vs. 12.8 ± 5.9 Kg (p < 0.01), respectively. Gait speed test showed that only 20.8% of the participants had a speed of more than 0.8 m/s. A strong negative correlation between masticatory performance and the number of missing teeth was detected (r = -0.84, 95% C.I. [-0.92; -0.69], p < 0.01). Overall, a high percentage of institutionalized older adults were diagnosed as being sarcopenic. Poor oral health in older adults is a major general health problem as it may restrict both food selection and nutrient intake, representing a risk factor for sarcopenia, although longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Aquilanti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.A.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Sonila Alia
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.A.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Sofia Pugnaloni
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.A.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Scalise
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Arianna Vignini
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.A.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Giorgio Rappelli
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (L.A.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (G.R.)
- Dentistry Clinic, National Institute of Health and Science of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
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Tung HT, Chen KM, Huang KC, Hsu HF, Chou CP, Kuo CF. Effects of Vitality Acupunch exercise on functional fitness and activities of daily living among probable sarcopenic older adults in residential facilities. J Nurs Scholarsh 2021; 54:176-183. [PMID: 34751506 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the effects of a Vitality Acupunch exercise program on the functional fitness and the ability to perform the activities of daily living (ADL) among older adults with probable sarcopenia in residential facilities. DESIGN This was a cluster-randomized controlled trial. A total of 12 long-term care facilities randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups with 1:1 allocation ratio. Among them, 114 older adults with probable sarcopenia participated at baseline and were allocated to either the intervention or control group according to the facility where they resided in. Of these, 103 older adults completed the study. METHODS The intervention group (n = 52) underwent the Vitality Acupunch exercise program three times a week, each lasting 40 min, for 6 months while the control group (n = 51) performed its routine daily activities. FINDINGS The functional fitness and ADL of the intervention group significantly improved at each time point (all p < 0.001), while the control group showed a significant decreasing trend. Except the lower limb muscular endurance, the functional fitness and ADL of the intervention group significantly improved compared to the control group at T1, and the improvements were still significant at T2. CONCLUSIONS Functional fitness and the ability to perform ADL in older adults with probable sarcopenia were significantly improved after receiving the Vitality Acupunch exercises. CLINICAL RELEVANCE An exercise that integrates the meridian theory and exercise concepts effectively improves functional fitness in probable sarcopenic older adults. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04504786). The trial was first posted on August 7, 2020. This part of the data was collected from August 2020 to March 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ting Tung
- Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Min Chen
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Master Program of Long-term Care in Aging, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Hsu
- Center of Long-Term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pei Chou
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Feng Kuo
- Center of Long-Term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Erdogan T, Eris S, Avci S, Oren MM, Kucukdagli P, Kilic C, Beaudart C, Bruyere O, Karan MA, Bahat G. Sarcopenia quality-of-life questionnaire (SarQoL)®: translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Turkish. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2979-2988. [PMID: 33538991 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sarcopenia quality-of-life (SarQoL)® questionnaire is a multidimensional sarcopenia specific tool designed for community dwelling older adults. AIMS The aim of this study was to translate, to cross-culturally adapt and validate the SarQoL® questionnaire to assess sarcopenia-related quality of life in Turkish older adults. METHODS The validation process was performed in two sections: the first section constituted the translation with cross-cultural adaptation of SarQoL® into Turkish. Second section constituted the clinical validation study. To validate the Turkish version of the SarQoL®, we assessed its validity (discriminative power, construct validity), reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability) and floor/ceiling effects. RESULTS One hundred community-dwelling subjects (mean age: 74.7 ± 6.1 years) were evaluated. The EWGSOP2 consensus diagnostic criteria were used to diagnose probable sarcopenia. A database including 1437 older adults, with complete evaluation of sarcopenia parameters, served to define low global muscle function. Results revealed a good discriminative power: subjects with probable sarcopenia had higher total scores compared to non-sarcopenic subjects (50 ± 16 vs. 68.9 ± 16.9, p < 0.001) a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.88), consistent construct validity and excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.94-0.98). There was no floor/ceiling effect. CONCLUSION The Turkish version of the SaQoL® questionnaire was found to be reliable and valid for the measurement of quality of life of sarcopenic patients and is, therefore, available for use in clinical research and practice. This validation could enable use of the SarQoL® tool in the eastern populations more confidently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Erdogan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Eris
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suna Avci
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meryem Merve Oren
- Department of Public Health Istanbul, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Kucukdagli
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Kilic
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Charlotte Beaudart
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Bruyere
- Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mehmet Akif Karan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Bahat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214933. [PMID: 34768452 PMCID: PMC8584842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity may aggravate the effects of sarcopenia on skeletal muscle structure and function in the elderly, but no study has attempted to identify the gene variants associated with sarcopenia in obese women. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: (1) describe neuromuscular function in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic women with or without obesity; (2) identify gene variants associated with sarcopenia in older obese women. In 307 Caucasian women (71 ± 6 years, 66.3 ± 11.3 kg), skeletal muscle mass was estimated using bioelectric impedance, and function was tested with a 30 s one-leg standing-balance test. Biceps brachii thickness and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (VLACSA) were measured with B-mode ultrasonography. Handgrip strength, maximum voluntary contraction elbow flexion (MVCEF), and knee extension torque (MVCKE) were measured by dynamometry, and MVCKE/VLACSA was calculated. Genotyping was performed for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), selected based on their previous associations with muscle-related phenotypes. Based on sarcopenia and obesity thresholds, groups were classified as sarcopenic obese, non-sarcopenic obese, sarcopenic non-obese, or non-sarcopenic non-obese. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to assess the main effects of sarcopenia and obesity on muscle-related phenotypes and binary logistic regression was performed for each SNP to investigate associations with sarcopenia in obesity. There were no significant obesity * sarcopenic status interactions for any of the investigated muscle-related phenotypic parameters. Neither sarcopenia nor obesity had a significant effect on biceps brachii thickness, but sarcopenia was associated with lower VLACSA (p = 0.003). Obesity was associated with lower MVCEF (p = 0.032), MVCKE (p = 0.047), and MVCKE/VLACSA (p = 0.012) with no significant effect of sarcopenia. Adjusted for age and height, three SNPs (ACTN3 rs1815739, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1537516) were associated with sarcopenia in obese participants. Sarcopenia was associated with a smaller muscle size, while obesity resulted in a lower muscle quality irrespective of sarcopenia. Three gene variants (ACTN3 rs1815739, MTHFR rs1801131, and MTHFR rs1537516) suspected to affect muscle function, homocysteine metabolism, or DNA methylation, respectively, were associated with sarcopenia in obese elderly women. Understanding the skeletal muscle features affected by sarcopenia and obesity, and identification of genes related to sarcopenia in obese women, may facilitate early detection of individuals at particular risk of sarcopenic obesity.
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Pana A, Sourtzi P, Kalokairinou A, Velonaki VS. Sarcopenia and polypharmacy among older adults: A scoping review of the literature. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 98:104520. [PMID: 34619629 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and polypharmacy are both prevalent conditions in the geriatric population, leading to poor quality of life and adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE To explore the evidence on the relationship between sarcopenia and polypharmacy and to summarize the findings and the gaps from the existing literature. METHOD A systematic scoping review was conducted between March and May 2021, with no restriction on publication date, using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and reported according to PRISMA-ScR. Four bibliographic databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Proquest One Academic, and four sources of gray literature were searched for studies written in English or Greek. Data were extracted quantitatively and using thematic analysis. RESULTS Of the 397 initially retrieved records, 22 studies were finally included in this review, 20 published articles and 2 posters-presentations. Most of the studies used cross-sectional data. The relationship between sarcopenia and polypharmacy should be interpreted on the basis of the definition of polypharmacy, the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia used, and the population setting. Sarcopenia or risk for sarcopenia are associated with polypharmacy or the number of medications in community-dwelling older adults, regardless of diagnostic criteria used for sarcopenia. CONCLUSION There is an association between sarcopenia or risk for sarcopenia and polypharmacy or the number of medications in community-dwelling older adults but not among residents of nursing homes or inpatients. Specific widely accepted definitions of polypharmacy and sarcopenia, a consensus on the method of sarcopenia assessment, and prospective studies are needed to identify polypharmacy as a potential risk factor for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Pana
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Nursing, Greece; Hellenic Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Athens, Greece; General Hospital Asklepieio, Voula, Greece.
| | - Panayota Sourtzi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Nursing, Greece; Hellenic Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Kalokairinou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Nursing, Greece
| | - Venetia Sofia Velonaki
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Nursing, Greece; Hellenic Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Athens, Greece
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Sarcopenia. PAJAR - PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.15448/2357-9641.2020.1.40032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors among older women from the local community and older women living in Long-Term Care (LTC) institutions.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with 423 older women aged 60 or more, from the local community and older women aged 60 or more, living in LTC institutions. Sarcopenia was defined, according to the consensus of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), including three criteria: low muscle strength (LMS) (<16kg); low muscle mass (LMM) (≤6.75kg/m2) assessed by a skeletal muscle mass index, and low physical performance (LPP) (≤0,8m/s) assessed by gait speed test. Older women who only showed LMS were considered to have pre-sarcopenia, those with LMS associated with LMM were diagnosed with sarcopenia and those who met all three criteria, were diagnosed with severe sarcopenia.Results: Among the community-dwelling older women, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 2.0% (from 60 to 69), 8.6% (from 70 to 79) and 12.9% (80 or more) and among the ones living in LTC Institutions, 3.3% (from 60 to 69), 14.8% (from 70 to 79) and 34.2% (80 or more). After multivariate logistic regression, age and low body mass index (BMI) were associated with sarcopenia in both groups.Conclusion: The prevalence of sarcopenia is higher among LTC older women. However, this is not an independent factor. In addition, regardless of residence, low BMI and advanced age are predictive for sarcopenia.
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Alodhayani AA, Alsaad SM, Almofarej N, Alrasheed N, Alotaibi B. Frailty, sarcopenia and health related outcomes among elderly patients in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1213-1217. [PMID: 33613049 PMCID: PMC7878688 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence of frailty and sarcopenia among elderly patients in Saudi Arabia and explore if there are significant association between frailty and sarcopenia. Methods A total of 498 patients from public tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study between March 2019 to June 2019. All participants answered a 5-part questionnaire, which includes demographic data, Edmonton Frail Scale, SARC-F and questions related to Activities of Daily living. Results The mean age of the participants was 69.98 ± 6.28. Of the 498 participants, 67.7% were aged 61–70 years and 42% had a BMI of greater than < 30 kg/m2. The prevalence of patients with mild frail, moderate frail and severely frail were 22, 12, and 4%, respectively. The analysis showed that majority of patients who had sarcopenia were females (84%). The analysis show that the level of frailty of patients were significantly different between age, marital status, educational level and patients’ needs of home care, activities of daily living, presence of comorbidity and sarcopenia (p = 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, the pre-frailty group was significantly likely to have sarcopenia (OR 0.02 95% 0.01–0.23p = 0.001) than nonfrailty patients. Conclusion In conclusion, this research highlights the high prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly patients and the increasing percentage of frail patients in Saudi Arabia. In addition, significant difference and association were found with sarcopenia and frailty with many sociodemographic and clinical components of elderly patients in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A. Alodhayani
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saad M. Alsaad
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Badriah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Bahat G, Tufan A, Kilic C, Karan MA, Cruz-Jentoft AJ. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its components in community-dwelling outpatient older adults and their relation with functionality. Aging Male 2020; 23:424-430. [PMID: 30290756 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1511976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Sarcopenia is recognized with its adverse functional outcomes. We aimed to report the prevalence of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) defined sarcopenia and its individual components in community dwelling outpatient older adults and study the correlations of EWGSOP defined sarcopenia, muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance with functional status. MATERIAL AND METHODS The subjects were prospectively recruited from the geriatrics outpatient clinics of our university hospital. Body composition was assessed with bioimpedance analysis. Muscle strength was assessed by measurement of hand grip strength with hydraulic hand dynamometer, physical performance was assessed by 4 meter usual gait speed (UGS). Impaired muscle function was defined as presence of low muscle strength and or slow gait speed. As a measure of functionality, modified version of Katz activities of daily living (ADL) and Lawton instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were assessed. RESULTS A total of 242 community dwelling outpatients with mean age of 79.4 ± 5.7 years were enrolled. 31.8% were male. Prevalence of low muscle mass was 2.1% and impaired muscle function was 71.1%. Prevalence of EWGSOP defined sarcopenia was 0.8% (1.3% in men and 0.6% in women). Most correlated parameter with ADL and IADL was the usual gait speed (r = 0.49, r = 0.63; p < .001, respectively). Grip strength was also correlated with ADL and IADL (r = 0.28, r = 0.35; p < .001). However, the skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) was not correlated with ADL, IADL (p = .22, p = .22, respectively). In regression analysis, both ADL score and IADL scores were most related to UGS (beta = 0.5 and 0.6, p < .001), age (beta = -0.25 and -0.2, p < .001) and then sarcopenia (beta = 0.1 and 0.1, p < .05) but was not related to hand grip strength or SMMI. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sarcopenia was low as 0.8% albeit the presence of impaired muscle function in more than 2/3 of the cases. We have found that EWGSOP defined sarcopenia had association with ADL and IADL. The gait speed component of sarcopenia had the strongest associations with functional measures but SMMI component did not have any relation. We suggest that although low muscle mass may be a parameter related to worse functionality, it should not be regarded prerequisite for presence of sarcopenia analogous to low bone mineral density for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulistan Bahat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Tufan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Marmara University Hospital, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Kilic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Karan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
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de Oliveira Neto L, de Oliveira LP, Agrícola PMD, de Oliveira Tavares VD, Gomes IC, Sales MC, Lima KC. Factors associated with sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 43:806-813. [PMID: 32830271 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of sarcopenia is based on the analysis of strength, functionality and muscle mass. The objective was to verify the factors associated with sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly. METHODS In total, 219 elderly individuals (≥60 years old) living in long-term institutions in Natal/RN were included in the study. After defining the elderly as sarcopenic or non-sarcopenic, anthropometric, biochemical, sociodemographic and health-related were analyzed. The Student t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the quantitative, while the chi-square test was used for the qualitative variables. Finally, Poisson regression was used to provide prevalence ratios for those variables that presented differences in the bivariate analyses. RESULTS Physical capacity and anthropometry were associated with sarcopenia. For each 1 cm of knee height, the elderly presented 2.71% more chance of not having sarcopenia, and eutrophic or overweight individuals (according to BMI) presented 37.71 and 91.81% chances, respectively, of not presenting sarcopenia. Elderly individuals who ambulate have a 30.08% chance of not being considered sarcopenic. In addition, biochemical and anthropometric indicators demonstrated a relationship of sarcopenia with malnutrition. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is associated with a loss of body mass, not only selective muscle mass, and greater physical inability to ambulate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vagner Deuel de Oliveira Tavares
- Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Igor Conterato Gomes
- Department of Epidemiology- School of Public Health- University of São Paulo - USP/SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Sales
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Kenio Costa Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Collective in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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18
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The prevalence and risk factors for sarcopenia in older adults and long-living older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Peng TC, Chen WL, Wu LW, Chang YW, Kao TW. Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2695-2701. [PMID: 31917049 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment are two of the most prevalent causes of disability in the aging population. Despite the vast amount of research that has been done to quantify the association between these two conditions, extensive systematic reviews and meta-analyses remain limited. METHODS We performed a systematic review using the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Sarcopenia was defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle function, as measured by muscle strength or performance. Cognitive impairment was diagnosed by validated cognitive or neuropsychological tests. RESULTS We identified 303 potentially relevant articles in the initial search. Observational studies quantifying a relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment were selected. Information was extracted from 15 studies, and random-effects models were used for the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios for cognitive impairment for patients with sarcopenia compared with patients without sarcopenia were 2.85 (95% confidence interval: 2.19-3.72) in the unadjusted analysis and 2.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.70-2.97) in the adjusted meta-analysis. These results remained constant in subgroup analyses by study population, study region, the definition of sarcopenia, and cognitive impairment. Although half of the studies (8 out of 15) were of fair quality, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to exclude studies with fair quality and obtained similar results. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment independent of study population, the definition of sarcopenia, and cognitive impairment. This suggests the importance of the early recognition of sarcopenia for the prevention of cognitive impairment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Wen Chang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Rodríguez‐Rejón AI, Artacho R, Ruiz‐López MD. Anthropometric Measurements and Cognitive Impairment Rather Than Nutrition Status Are Associated With Sarcopenia in Long‐Term Care Residents. Nutr Clin Pract 2019; 35:642-648. [DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reyes Artacho
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - María Dolores Ruiz‐López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology University of Granada Granada Spain
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Simsek H, Meseri R, Sahin S, Kilavuz A, Bicakli DH, Uyar M, Savas S, Sarac F, Akcicek F. Prevalence of sarcopenia and related factors in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Saudi Med J 2019; 40:568-574. [PMID: 31219491 PMCID: PMC6778764 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.6.23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and related factors in individuals aged ≥65 years living in the Bornova district of Izmir, Turkey. Sarcopenia is one of the most serious health problems among elderly individuals. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bornova district of Izmir, Turkey, between February-July 2015. This study participants were comprised of 909 individuals aged ≥65 years. The dependent variable was the presence of sarcopenia and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) approach was used for determining sarcopenia. The independent variables were socio-demographic and economic characteristics, healthy life behaviors and health status/condition. Data were collected at home through face-to-face interviews and measurements, analysed using chi-square test, t-test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The participants' mean age was 72.8±6.2 (range: 65-100) years, and 60.2% were female (n=582). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.2% and that of low gait speed was 41.0%, low grip strength was 57.0%, low calf circumference was 6.1% and the combination of low gait speed and low grip strength was 14.3%. Risk factors of sarcopenia included increasing age, physical inactivity, low body mass index and the presence or risk of malnutritionConclusion: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 5.2% in this population and increased with age, physical inactivity, low body mass index and the presence or risk of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Simsek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. E-mail.
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Velázquez-Alva MC, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Zepeda-Zepeda MA, Lazarevich I, Arrieta-Cruz I, D'Hyver C. Sarcopenia, nutritional status and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in a group of Mexican women residing in a nursing home. Nutr Diet 2019; 77:515-522. [PMID: 31207101 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with nutritional status and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older women living in a nursing home. METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Sarcopenia was defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; hand grip strength and physical performance were determined by dynamometry and gait speed, respectively. Muscle mass was assessed using calf circumference. RESULTS The mean age of the 114 participants was 84.1 ± 7.0 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia and T2DM was 30.7% and 10.5%, respectively. The majority (66.7%) had a normal nutritional status, 29.8% were at risk of malnutrition, and 3.5% were undernourished. The prevalence of sarcopenia in participants at risk of malnutrition and those who were undernourished was higher compared with participants with a normal NS (P < 0.0001). A statistically significant difference was observed in the Barthel Index (BI) between women with and without sarcopenia (P = 0.048). The multivariate logistic regression model, adjusted by age (p = 0.007) showed an association between sarcopenia and nutritional status. Women with a poor nutritional status were more likely to have sarcopenia (OR 4.97, P = 0.003) whilst those with T2DM showed a higher probability of sarcopenia (OR 5.52, P = 0.019) than women without T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia was highly prevalent in women with a poor nutritional status and T2DM. It is necessary to implement intervention programs to reduce adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Velázquez-Alva
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - María E Irigoyen-Camacho
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marco A Zepeda-Zepeda
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Irina Lazarevich
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Isabel Arrieta-Cruz
- Departamento de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos D'Hyver
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Moreira VG, Perez M, Lourenço RA. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated factors: the impact of muscle mass, gait speed, and handgrip strength reference values on reported frequencies. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e477. [PMID: 30994709 PMCID: PMC6445156 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcopenia is a common treatable geriatric condition. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated factors in community-dwelling elderly living in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to discuss the impact of different muscle mass, handgrip strength and gait speed cut-off values on the reported frequency of sarcopenia. METHODS The health habits, functional capacity, and anthropometric measurements of 745 individuals aged ≥65 years from the Frailty in Brazilian Older People study were analyzed. The participants were classified into the following four groups: no sarcopenia, pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Muscle mass, handgrip strength and gait speed cut-off thresholds tailored to the sample and those proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People were used to compare the prevalence rates of sarcopenia. RESULTS Seventy-three percent of the participants were female, 61.9% were Caucasian, and the mean age was 76.6 years. The prevalence rates of sarcopenia were 10.8% and 18% using the sample-tailored and European consensus cut-off values, respectively. Sarcopenia was associated with advanced age (OR: 37.2; CI95%12.35-112.48), Caucasian race (OR: 1.89; CI 95% 1.02-3.52), single marital status (OR:6; CI95% 2.2-16.39), low income (OR:3.64; CI 95% 1.58-8.39), and the presence of comorbidities (OR:3.26; CI 95%1.28-8.3). CONCLUSION In this study, the estimated prevalence of sarcopenia was similar to that reported in most studies after the tailored handgrip strength and gait speed cut-off values were adopted. A higher prevalence was observed when the cut-off values suggested by the European consensus were used. This indicates that the prevalence of sarcopenia must be estimated using population-specific reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgílio Garcia Moreira
- Laboratorio de Envelhecimento Humano - GeronLab, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Mariângela Perez
- Laboratorio de Envelhecimento Humano - GeronLab, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Roberto Alves Lourenço
- Laboratorio de Envelhecimento Humano - GeronLab, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
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Yang M, Jiang J, Zeng Y, Tang H. Sarcopenia for predicting mortality among elderly nursing home residents: SARC-F versus SARC-CalF. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14546. [PMID: 30762799 PMCID: PMC6407983 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the prognostic value of the strength, assistance walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs, and falls questionnaire (SARC-F) and SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-CalF) among elderly nursing home residents.To compare the prognostic value of SARC-F and SARC-CalF for mortality in this population.We conducted a prospective study in four nursing homes in western China. Sarcopenia was estimated using SARC-F and SARC-CalF, respectively. Nutrition status, activities of daily living, and other covariates were evaluated. The survival status was collected via medical records and telephone interviews at the 12th month after the baseline investigation. We used multivariate Cox proportional-hazard models to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for 1-year all-cause mortality by SARC-F-defined sarcopenia and SARC-CalF-defined sarcopenia, separately.We included 329 participants (median age: 85 years). The prevalences of SARC-F-defined sarcopenia and SARC-CalF-defined sarcopenia were 39.8% and 46.8%, respectively. During the 1-year follow-up period, 73 participants (22.7%) died. The mortality was 29.0% and 18.3% in the participants with or without SARC-F-defined sarcopenia, respectively (P = .025). The mortality was 26.6% and 19.0% in the participants with or without SARC-CalF-defined sarcopenia, respectively (P = .105). After adjusted for the relevant confounders including malnutrition, SARC-F-defined sarcopenia was independently associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality (adjusted HR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.27-3.42). However, SARC-CalF-defined sarcopenia was not an independent predictor of 1-year mortality (adjusted HR: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.95-2.47).Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in Chinese elderly nursing home residents according to SARC-F or SARC-CalF. SARC-F-defined sarcopenia appears to be better for predicting the 1-year mortality of Chinese nursing home residents than SARC-CalF-defined sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital
- Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital
| | | | - Yanli Zeng
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University
- School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Huairong Tang
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Rodríguez-Rejón AI, Ruiz-López MD, Wanden-Berghe C, Artacho R. Prevalence and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Residential Facilities: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:51-58. [PMID: 30668619 PMCID: PMC6370256 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, in institutionalized older adults is a challenging task. Data on its prevalence in residential facilities are scant and highly variable. Our objective was to report the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults living in residential facilities (nursing/long term-care homes and assisted-living facilities) and review the criteria and methodologies used to diagnose sarcopenia in this setting. Bibliographic searches were carried out in 6 electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, LILACS, and Cochrane) with the use of the Medical Subject Heading terms "Sarcopenia" and "Residential Facilities." We included studies that evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenia among older adults (aged ≥60 y) living in residential facilities. Forty-four studies were identified, of which 21 studies were included after applying eligibility criteria. The reported prevalence of sarcopenia ranged widely between 17.7% and 73.3% in long term-care homes and between 22% and 87% in assisted-living facilities. Most studies (n = 14) followed the consensus on sarcopenia diagnosis published by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. In the other 7 studies, sarcopenia was diagnosed according to muscle mass, which was measured via 5 different techniques, most frequently bioelectrical impedance analysis, establishing cutoff scores for low muscle mass with the use of 5 different indexes, most frequently the skeletal muscle index. There are major differences in study design, methodology, and the approach to sarcopenia diagnosis in this setting, which would, in part, explain the enormous variability in the reported prevalence data. The lack of consensus on the correct diagnostic approach hampers the implementation of appropriate nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Health Sciences Technology Park, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmina Wanden-Berghe
- General University Hospital of Alicante, Institute of Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Reyes Artacho
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Shen Y, Chen J, Chen X, Hou L, Lin X, Yang M. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sarcopenia in Nursing Home Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 20:5-13. [PMID: 30409494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia in nursing homes. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. SETTING Nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS Older adults aged ≥60 years. MEASUREMENTS Sarcopenia was defined according to various validated diagnostic criteria, such as the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria and skeletal muscle index (SMI). We performed meta-analyses with random effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of sarcopenia. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using a 10-item tool explicitly designed for prevalence studies. RESULTS We included 16 studies with a total of 3585 participants from 129 nursing homes. The included studies were of low to moderate risk of bias. The pooled prevalences of EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia and SMI-defined sarcopenia were 41% [95% confidence interval (CI) 32%-51%, 12 studies, 2685 cases] and 59% (95% CI 24%-93%, 3 studies, 643 cases), respectively. The pooled prevalences of EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia in women and men were 46% (8 studies, 1332 cases) and 43% (8 studies, 739 cases), respectively. The pooled data showed that malnutrition was an independent associated factor of EWGSOP-defined sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] 1.74, 95% CI 1.36-2.24; 3 studies, 718 cases), but malnutrition risk (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.53-1.94; 2 studies, 379 cases) and female gender were not (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.11-11.66; 3 studies, 827 cases). The association between age and body mass index with sarcopenia was inconsistent across studies. Limited evidence indicated that smoking might be related to sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in older nursing home residents. Malnutrition may be an associated factor of sarcopenia. More prospective studies are needed to clarify the association between age, gender, malnutrition, and smoking with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Shen
- Sleep Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - LiSha Hou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiufang Lin
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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The Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Chinese Elderly Nursing Home Residents: A Comparison of 4 Diagnostic Criteria. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 19:690-695. [PMID: 29891183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia defined by different criteria in nursing home residents. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Four nursing homes in Chengdu, China. PARTICIPANTS Elderly adults aged 65 years or older. MEASUREMENTS We applied 4 diagnostic criteria [European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH)] to define sarcopenia. Muscle mass, strength, and function were measured based on bioimpedance analysis, handgrip strength, and walking speed, respectively. Nutrition status, activities of daily living, calf circumference (CC), and other covariates were evaluated. RESULTS We included 277 participants. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 32.5%, 34.3%, 38.3%, and 31.4% according to the EWGSOP, AWGS, IWGS, and FNIH criteria, respectively. Fifty-eight participants (20.9%) were sarcopenic by all the 4 criteria. Regardless of the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia, malnutrition was independently associated with sarcopenia [EWGSOP: odds ratio (OR) 4.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-15.39; IWGS: OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.23-4.90; AWGS: OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.49-7.28; FNIH: OR 4.52, 95% CI 1.28-16.00], whereas CC was negatively associated with sarcopenia [EWGSOP: OR per standard deviation (SD) 0.32, 95% CI 0.20-0.52; IWGS: OR per SD 0.26, 95% CI 0.15-0.43; AWGS: OR per SD 0.32, 95% CI 0.19-0.52; FNIH: OR per SD 0.39, 95% CI 0.25-0.60]. Furthermore, falls ≥1 time in the past year were associated with AWGS-defined sarcopenia (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.04-8.22). CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in elderly Chinese nursing home residents regardless of the diagnostic criteria. Malnutrition and CC are associated with sarcopenia defined by different criteria. Therefore, it is important to assess sarcopenia and malnutrition in the management of nursing home residents. Prospective studies addressing the outcomes of sarcopenia in nursing home residents are warranted.
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Rodriguez-Rejon AI, Artacho R, Puerta A, Zuñiga A, Ruiz-Lopez MD. Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Long-Term Care Homes for the Elderly: the Sensitivity and Specificity of Two Simplified Algorithms with Respect to the EWGSOP Consensus. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:796-801. [PMID: 30080222 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly care homes using the algorithm of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and to evaluate the applicability, sensitivity, and specificity of two simplified algorithms that do not include gait speed measurement. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Long-term care homes. PARTICIPANTS 249 residents (187 females and 62 males) with a mean age of 84.9 ± 6.7 years (range, 70-106 yrs). MEASUREMENTS Cognitive impairment was evaluated with the Pfeiffer test, functional capacity with the Barthel index, walking ability by the Functional Ambulation Classification, muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis, muscle strength by handgrip dynamometry and, gait speed over a distance of 4 m. Sarcopenia was assessed using the EWGSOP-recommended algorithm and two simplified algorithms (A and B). Algorithms A and B were validated with respect to the EWGSOP algorithm using the MacNemar test and obtaining the sensitivity and specificity, kappa coefficient, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS Total or severe dependence was recorded in 67% of the 249 residents, severe or moderate cognitive impairment in 64%, inability to walk in 49%, and capacity to walk only with the aid of an ambulator or two people in 21%. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 63.0% by the EWGSOP algorithm, 62.9% by algorithm A and 63.2% by algorithm B (P = 1.000); 143 participants were diagnosed with sarcopenia by all three methods (P =1.000, K = 1.000). CONCLUSION Further studies that include residents with functional and/or cognitive impairment are required to validate these results, comparing the diagnostic performance of the EGWSOP algorithm with that of the simplified algorithms validated in the present report.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Rodriguez-Rejon
- Reyes Artacho Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences. University of Granada, Spain,
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Sousa-Santos AR, Amaral TF. Differences in handgrip strength protocols to identify sarcopenia and frailty - a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2017; 17:238. [PMID: 29037155 PMCID: PMC5644254 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-017-0625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hand grip strength (HGS) is used for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and frailty. Several factors have been shown to influence HGS values during measurement. Therefore, variations in the protocols used to assess HGS, as part of the diagnosis of sarcopenia and frailty, may lead to the identification of different individuals with low HGS, introducing bias. The aim of this systematic review is to gather all the relevant studies that measured HGS to diagnose sarcopenia and frailty and to identify the differences between the protocols used. Methods A systematic review was carried out following the recommendations of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched, until August 16, 2016. The evidence regarding HGS measurement protocols used to diagnose sarcopenia and frailty was summarised and the most recent protocols regarding the procedure were compared. Results From the described search 4393 articles were identified. Seventy-two studies were included in this systematic review, in which 37 referred to sarcopenia articles, 33 to frailty and two evaluated both conditions. Most studies presented limited information regarding the protocols used. Conclusions The majority of the studies included did not describe a complete procedure of HGS measurement. The high heterogeneity between the protocols used, in sarcopenia and frailty studies, create an enormous difficulty in drawing comparative conclusions among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sousa-Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - T F Amaral
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Morley JE. The Future of Long-Term Care. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2017; 18:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Maeda K, Shamoto H, Wakabayashi H, Akagi J. Sarcopenia Is Highly Prevalent in Older Medical Patients With Mobility Limitation. Nutr Clin Pract 2016; 32:110-115. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533616680355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Nutrition and Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Tamana Regional Health Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Wakabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Junji Akagi
- Department of Surgery, Tamana Regional Health Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
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Tufan A, Bahat G, Ozkaya H, Taşcıoğlu D, Tufan F, Saka B, Akin S, Karan MA. Low skeletal muscle mass index is associated with function and nutritional status in residents in a Turkish nursing home. Aging Male 2016; 19:182-186. [PMID: 27223484 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2016.1188069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the prevalence of low muscle mass (LMM) and the relationship between LMM with functional and nutritional status as defined using the LMM evaluation method of European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria among male residents in a nursing home. METHODS Male residents aged >60 years of a nursing home located in Turkey were included in our study. Their body mass index (BMI) kg/m2, skeletal muscle mass (SMM-kg) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI-kg/m2) were calculated. The participants were regarded as having low SMMI if they had SMMI <9.2 kg/m2 according to our population specific cut-off point. Functional status was evaluated with Katz activities of daily living (ADL) and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Nutritional assessment was performed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). The number of drugs taken and chronic diseases were recorded. RESULTS One hundred fifty-seven male residents were enrolled into the study. Their mean age was 73.1 ± 6.7 years with mean ADL score of 8.9 ± 2.0 and IADL score of 8.7 ± 4.6. One hundred twelve (71%) residents were aged >70 years. Thirty-five men (23%) had low SMMI in group aged >60 years, and twenty-eight subjects (25%) in the group aged >70 years. MNA scores were significantly lower in residents with low SMMI compared with having normal SMMI (17.1 ± 3.4 versus 19.6 ± 2.5, p = 0.005). BMI was significantly lower in the residents with low SMMI compared with normal SMMI (19.6 ± 2.7 versus 27.1 ± 4.1, p< 0.001). ADL scores were significantly different between residents with low SMMI and normal SMMI in those aged >70 years (8.1 ± 2.6 versus 9.1 ± 1.6, p = 0.014). In regression analyses, the only factor associated with better functional status was the lower age (p = 0.04) while the only factor associated with better nutrition was higher SMMI (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Low SMMI detected by LMM evaluation method of EWGSOP criteria is prevalent among male nursing home residents. There is association of low SMMI with nutritional status and probably with functional status within the nursing home setting using the EWGSOP criteria with Turkish normative reference cut-off value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Tufan
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Geriatrics, Marmara University Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Gulistan Bahat
- b Istanbul Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hilal Ozkaya
- c Department of Health and Social Services , Kayışdagi Darulaceze Ministry, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality , Istanbul , Turkey , and
| | - Didem Taşcıoğlu
- b Istanbul Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Fatih Tufan
- b Istanbul Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Bülent Saka
- b Istanbul Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sibel Akin
- d Department of Internal Medicine , Division of Geriatrics, Erciyes University Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Karan
- b Istanbul Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Saka B, Ozkaya H, Karisik E, Akin S, Akpinar T, Tufan F, Bahat G, Dogan H, Horasan Z, Cesur K, Erten N, Karan M. Malnutrition and sarcopenia are associated with increased mortality rate in nursing home residents: A prospective study. Eur Geriatr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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The prevalence of sarcopenia and related factors in a community-dwelling elders Thai population. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2016; 2:110-115. [PMID: 30775476 PMCID: PMC6372734 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is one of common problems among elderly worldwide. Objectives Sarcopenia is one of common problems among elderly worldwide. To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and related factors in community-dwelling elders Thai population. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in 243 subjects aged over 60 years. All participants were evaluated for handgrip strength by dynamometer and for gait speed by walking a 6-m distance. The muscle mass for subjects who had abnormal grip strength and/or gait speed was evaluated by bioimpedance analysis (BIA). The prevalence of sarcopenia was calculated and factors related to sarcopenia were also analyzed. Results The mean age was 69.7 ± 6.9 years with three-fourths female participants. Approximate 60% of subjects were overweight. There were 74 participants (30.5%, (95% CI: 25.0%–36.5%)) with abnormal grip strength; gait speed and muscle mass. Males had more prevalence than females (33.9% vs. 29.3% respectively). There is higher prevalence with increasing age among both genders (17.9%, 41.4% and 80.0% in young old, middle old, and the very old groups respectively in male; and 11.5%, 49.1%, and 65.0% in female). After using multivariate analysis, age, body mass index (BMI), and quadriceps strengths were significantly related to sarcopenia with the adjusted odds ratio of 15.47 (95% CI: 4.93, 48.54), 12.84 (95% CI: 3.85, 42.82) and 3.77 (95% CI: 1.70, 8.37) respectively. Conclusions Thirty percent of the community-based elderly experienced sarcopenia. As the prevalence is high, the screening for sarcopenia should be performed in community-dwelling elders especially older age, underweight subjects and lower quadriceps strength.
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de Souto Barreto P, Morley JE, Chodzko-Zajko W, H Pitkala K, Weening-Djiksterhuis E, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Barbagallo M, Rosendahl E, Sinclair A, Landi F, Izquierdo M, Vellas B, Rolland Y. Recommendations on Physical Activity and Exercise for Older Adults Living in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Taskforce Report. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 17:381-92. [PMID: 27012368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A taskforce, under the auspices of The International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics-Global Aging Research Network (IAGG-GARN) and the IAGG European Region Clinical Section, composed of experts from the fields of exercise science and geriatrics, met in Toulouse, in December 2015, with the aim of establishing recommendations of physical activity and exercise for older adults living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Due to the high heterogeneity in terms of functional ability and cognitive function that characterizes older adults living in LTCFs, taskforce members established 2 sets of recommendations: recommendations for reducing sedentary behaviors for all LTCF residents and recommendations for defining specific, evidence-based guidelines for exercise training for subgroups of LTCF residents. To promote a successful implementation of recommendations, taskforce experts highlighted the importance of promoting residents' motivation and pleasure, the key factors that can be increased when taking into account residents' desires, preferences, beliefs, and attitudes toward physical activity and exercise. The importance of organizational factors related to LTCFs and health care systems were recognized by the experts. In conclusion, this taskforce report proposes standards for the elaboration of strategies to increase physical activity as well as to prescribe exercise programs for older adults living in LTCFs. This report should be used as a guide for professionals working in LTCF settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, University Hospital of Toulouse (CHU-Toulouse), Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
| | - John E Morley
- Divisions of Geriatric Medicine and Endocrinology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | | | - Kaisu H Pitkala
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Weening-Djiksterhuis
- Lectoraat Healthy Aging, Allied Health Care and Nursing, School of Health Care Studies, Hanze University, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mario Barbagallo
- International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics for the European Region, Chair of the Clinical Section, Palermo, Italy; University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Erik Rosendahl
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alan Sinclair
- University of Aston & Diabetes Frail, Birmingham, United kingdom
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, University Hospital of Toulouse (CHU-Toulouse), Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, University Hospital of Toulouse (CHU-Toulouse), Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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Pérez-Zepeda MU, Gutiérrez-Robledo LM. Calf circumference predicts mobility disability: A secondary analysis of the Mexican health and ageing study. Eur Geriatr Med 2016; 7:262-266. [PMID: 27656259 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calf circumference is a surrogate measurement of muscle mass. However, there is scarce evidence on its validity in predicting adverse outcomes such as mobility disability. The aim of this report is to determine if calf circumference could predict incident mobility disability in Mexican 60-year or older adults. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study and in particular of its two first waves. Sixty-year or older adults without mobility disability in the first assessment were included and followed-up for two years. Calf circumference quartile groups were compared to test the difference of incident mobility disability. Logistic regression models were fitted to test the independent association when including confounding variables. RESULTS A total of 745 older adults were assessed, from which 24.4% of the older adults developed mobility disability at follow-up. A calf circumference > 38 cm was associated with a higher risk of developing mobility disability, even after adjustment in the multivariate model, with an odds ratio 0.55 (95% confidence interval 0.31-0.99, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS High calf circumference in Mexican older adults is independently associated with incident mobility disability. This could reflect the impact of adverse health conditions such as obesity (with high fat tissue) or edema. Further research should aim at testing these results in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Pérez-Zepeda
- Geriatric Epidemiology Department at National Institute of Geriatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L M Gutiérrez-Robledo
- Head Office of the National Institute of Geriatrics, Periférico Sur 2767, colonia San Jerónimo Lídice, delegación Magdalena Contreras, 10200 México Distrito Federal, Mexico City, Mexico
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