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Giampietro L, Gallorini M, De Filippis B, Amoroso R, Cataldi A, di Giacomo V. PPAR-γ agonist GL516 reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis occurrence in a rat astrocyte cell line. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:239-245. [PMID: 30946848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The worldwide increase in aging population is prevalently associated with the increase of neurodegenerative diseases. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are ligand-modulated transcriptional factors which belong to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily which regulates peroxisome proliferation. The PPAR-γ is the most extensively studied among the three isoforms and the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-γ agonists have been recently demonstrated in a variety of preclinical models of neurological disorders. The aim of the study is to biologically evaluate the neuroprotective effects of new PPAR-γ selective agonists in an in vitro model. MAIN METHODS CTX-TNA2 rat astrocytes were treated with G3335, a PPAR-γ antagonist, to simulate the conditions of a neurological disorder. Newly synthetized PPAR-γ selective agonists were added to the cell culture. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay, catalase activity was investigated by a colorimetric assay, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and apoptosis occurrence were measured by flow cytometry. Western blotting were performed to measure the levels of protein involved in the apoptotic pathway. KEY FINDINGS Four PPAR-γ agonists were selected. Among them, the GL516, a fibrate derivative, showed low cytotoxicity and proved effective in restoring the catalase activity, reducing ROS production and decreasing the apoptosis occurrence triggered by the G3335 administration. The effects of this molecule appear to be comparable to the reference compound rosiglitazone, a potent and selective PPAR-γ agonist, mainly at prolonged exposure times (96 h). SIGNIFICANCE Based on recent evidence, hypofunctionality of the PPAR-γ in glial cells could be present in neurodegenerative diseases and could participate in pathological mechanisms through peroxisomal damage. The fibrate derivative PPAR-γ agonist GL516 emerged as the most promising molecule of the series and could have a role in preventing the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy.
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, Chieti Scalo, Italy
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Di Giulio M, Di Valerio V, Bosco D, Marsich E, Cataldi A, Cellini L, Sancilio S. Molecular mechanisms driving Streptococcus mitis entry into human gingival fibroblasts in presence of chitlac-nAg and saliva. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:36. [PMID: 29556803 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms leading to Streptococcus mitis capability of entering oral cells were investigated in a co-culture of S. mitis and Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGFs) in the presence of saliva. An innovative colloidal solution based on silver nanoparticles (Chitlac-nAg), a promising device for daily oral care, was added to the experimental system in order to study the effects of silver on the bacterial overgrowth and ability to enter non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells. The entry of bacteria into the eukaryotic cells is mediated by a signalling pathway involving FAK, integrin β1, and the two cytoskeleton proteins vinculin and F-actin, and down-regulated by the presence of saliva both at 3 and 48 h of culture, whereas Chitlac-n Ag exposure seems to influence, by incrementing it, the number of bacteria entering the fibroblasts only at 48 h. The formation of fibrillary extrusion from HGFs and the co-localization of bacteria and silver nanoparticles within the fibroblast vacuoles were also recorded. After longer experimental times (72 and 96 h), the number of S. mitis chains inside gingival cells is reduced, mainly in presence of saliva. The results suggest an escape of bacteria from fibroblasts to restore the microbial balance of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - V Di Valerio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - D Bosco
- Genetic Molecular Institute of CNR, Unit of Chieti, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - E Marsich
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - L Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - S Sancilio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
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Sancilio S, Gallorini M, Cataldi A, Sancillo L, Rana RA, di Giacomo V. Modifications in Human Oral Fibroblast Ultrastructure, Collagen Production, and Lysosomal Compartment in Response to Electronic Cigarette Fluids. J Periodontol 2017; 88:673-680. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sancilio
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Laura Sancillo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio
| | - Rosa Alba Rana
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio
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Gallorini M, di Giacomo V, Di Valerio V, Rapino M, Bosco D, Travan A, Di Giulio M, Di Pietro R, Paoletti S, Cataldi A, Sancilio S. Cell-protection mechanism through autophagy in HGFs/S. mitis co-culture treated with Chitlac-nAg. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:186. [PMID: 27787811 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver-based products have been proven to be effective in retarding and preventing bacterial growth since ancient times. In the field of restorative dentistry, the use of silver ions/nanoparticles has been explored to counteract bacterial infections, as silver can destroy bacterial cell walls by reacting with membrane proteins. However, it is also cytotoxic towards eukaryotic cells, which are capable of internalizing nanoparticles. In this work, we investigated the biological effects of Chitlac-nAg, a colloidal system based on a modified chitosan (Chitlac), administered for 24-48 h to a co-culture of primary human gingival fibroblasts and Streptococcus mitis in the presence of saliva, developed to mimic the microenvironment of the oral cavity. We sought to determine its efficiency to combat oral hygiene-related diseases without affecting eukaryotic cells. Cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis induction, nanoparticles uptake, and lysosome and autophagosome metabolism were evaluated. In vitro results show that Chitlac-nAg does not exert cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts, which seem to survive through a homoeostasis mechanism involving autophagy. That suggests that the novel biomaterial Chitlac-nAg could be a promising tool in the field of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Valentina Di Valerio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Monica Rapino
- Genetic Molecular Institute of CNR, Unit of Chieti, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Genetic Molecular Institute of CNR, Unit of Chieti, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Andrea Travan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Silvia Sancilio
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Cataldi A, Gallorini M, Di Giulio M, Guarnieri S, Mariggiò MA, Traini T, Di Pietro R, Cellini L, Marsich E, Sancilio S. Adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts/Streptococcus mitis co-culture on the nanocomposite system Chitlac-nAg. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:88. [PMID: 26970770 PMCID: PMC4789204 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5701-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials are increasingly used as dental restoration. In the field of biomaterials, infections remain the main reason of dental devices failure. Silver, in the form of nanoparticles (AgNPs), ions and salt, well known for its antimicrobial properties, is used in several medical applications in order to avoid bacterial infection. To reduce both bacterial adhesion to dental devices and cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells, we coated BisGMA/TEGDMA methacrylic thermosets with a new material, Chitlac-nAg, formed by stabilized AgNPs with a polyelectrolyte solution containing Chitlac. Here we analyzed the proliferative and adhesive ability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on BisGMA/TEGDMA thermosets uncoated and coated with AgNPs in a coculture model system with Streptococcus mitis. After 48 h, HGFs well adhered onto both surfaces, while S. mitis cytotoxic response was higher in the presence of AgNPs coated thermosets. After 24 h thermosets coated with Chitlac as well as those coated with Chitlac-nAg exerted a minimal cytotoxic effect on HGFs, while after 48 h LDH release raised up to 20 %. Moreover the presence of S. mitis reduced this release mainly when HGFs adhered to Chitlac-nAg coated thermosets. The reduced secretion of collagen type I was significant in the presence of both surfaces with the co-culture system even more when saliva is added. Integrin β1 localized closely to cell membranes onto Chitlac-nAg thermosets and PKCα translocated into nuclei. These data confirm that Chitlac-nAg have a promising utilization in the field of restorative dentistry exerting their antimicrobial activity due to AgNPs without cytotoxicity for eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy.
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Center for Aging Science (Ce.S.I.), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Center for Aging Science (Ce.S.I.), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tonino Traini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Sancilio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
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Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by e-cigarette fluids in human gingival fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:477-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Scheffel DLS, Soares DG, Basso FG, de Souza Costa CA, Pashley D, Hebling J. Transdentinal cytotoxicity of glutaraldehyde on odontoblast-like cells. J Dent 2015; 43:997-1006. [PMID: 25985981 PMCID: PMC4509972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the transdentinal cytotoxicity of glutahaldehyde-containing solutions/materials on odontoblast-like cells. METHODS Dentin discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers. MDPC-23 cells were seeded on the pulpal side of the discs and the occlusal surface was treated with the following solutions: water, 2% glutaraldehyde (GA), 5% GA, 10% GA, Gluma Comfort Bond+Desensitizer (GCB+De) or Gluma Desensitizer (GDe). Cell viability and morphology were assessed by the Alamar Blue assay and SEM. The eluates were collected and applied on cells seeded in 24-well plates. After 7 or 14 days the total protein (TP) production, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and deposition of mineralized nodules (MN) were evaluated. RESULTS Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). GA solutions were not cytotoxic against MDPC-23. GCB+De (85.1%) and GDe (77.2%) reduced cell viability as well as TP production and ALP activity at both periods. After 14 days, GCB+De and GDe groups produced less MN. Affected MDPC-23 presented deformation of the cytoskeleton and reduction of cellular projections. CONCLUSIONS The treatment with 2.5%, 5% and 10% GA was not harmful to odontoblast-like cells. Conversely, when GA was combined with other components like HEMA, the final material became cytotoxic. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glutaraldehyde has been used to decrease dentin hypersensitivity. This substance is also capable of preventing resin-dentin bond degradation by cross-linking collagen and MMPs. This study showed that GA might be safe when applied on acid etched dentin. However, when combined with HEMA the product becomes cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Lopes Salles Scheffel
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CL-2112, Augusta, Georgia 30912-1129, USA
| | - David Pashley
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil.
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Grande R, Pacella S, Di Giulio M, Rapino M, Di Valerio V, Cellini L, Cataldi A. NF-kB mediated down-regulation of collagen synthesis upon HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) treatment of primary human gingival fibroblast/Streptococcus mutans co-cultured cells. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:841-9. [PMID: 25200938 PMCID: PMC4429030 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vitro studies have evidenced the cytotoxic effect of HEMA (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), the most common component of dental resin-based restorative material, which is released within the oral cavity, on eukaryotic cells such as gingival fibroblast and epithelial cells. However, since the presence of microorganisms within the oral cavity cannot be excluded and little is known about the interactions occurring between eukaryotic cells and the human oral microbiota, our attention has been addressed to investigate the effect of 3 mM HEMA on the molecular mechanisms driving the response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) co-cultured with Streptococcus mutans. METHODOLOGY HGF/S. mutans co-culture has been set up in our lab, and upon HEMA treatment, S.mutans and HGF cells' viability and adhesion along with type I collagen gene and pro-collagen I, Bax, Bcl2, nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), IkBα, pIkBα protein expression by PCR, Western blotting and ELISA assays have been investigated. RESULTS HEMA treatment determines a significant decrease of type I collagen protein production, even in the presence of S. mutans, in parallel to a decrease of cell viability and adhesion, which seem to be regulated by NF-kB activation. In fact, when SN50, NF-kB-specific pharmacological inhibitor, is added to the culture, cell proliferation along with collagen synthesis is restored. CONCLUSION The modulation exerted by S. mutans on the cytotoxic effect of HEMA suggests that within the oral cavity, the eukaryotic/prokaryotic cell interactions, maintaining the balance of the environment, allow HEMA to perform its adhesive and bonding function and that the use of a co-culture system, which simulates the oral cavity organization, improves the knowledge concerning the biocompatibility of this dental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Grande
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Pacella
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Università G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Di Giulio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Rapino
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare del CNR, Unità di Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - V. Di Valerio
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Università G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - L. Cellini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università G. d’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Di Nisio C, De Colli M, di Giacomo V, Rapino M, Di Valerio V, Marconi GD, Gallorini M, Di Giulio M, Cataldi A, Zara S. A dual role for β1 integrin in an in vitro Streptococcus mitis/human gingival fibroblasts co-culture model in response to TEGDMA. Int Endod J 2014; 48:839-49. [PMID: 25231818 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of TEGDMA on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro co-cultured with Streptococcus mitis, focusing on the signalling pathways underlying cell tissue remodelling and inflammatory response processes. METHODOLOGY β1 integrin expression was evaluated by means of imaging flow cytometry. The Western blot technique was used to investigate the expression of protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and 3 (MMP3). RT-PCR was performed to quantify nuclear factor-kb subunits (Nf-kb1, ReLa), IkB kinase β (IkBkB), cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the analysis of variance (anova). RESULTS When HGFs are co-cultured with S. mitis, β1 integrin intensity, phosphorylated PKC (p-PKC), activated ERK (p-ERK), IkBkB mRNA level and MMP9 expression increased (for all molecules P < 0.05 HGFs versus HGFs co-cultured with S. mitis). A higher level of MMP3 in HGFs treated with TEGDMA was recorded (P < 0.05 HGFs versus HGFs exposed to TEGDMA). COX-2 inflammatory factor mRNA level appeared higher in HGFs exposed to 1 mmol L(-1) TEGDMA (P < 0.01 HGFs versus HGFs exposed to TEGDMA), whereas TNF-α gene expression was higher in HGFs co-cultured with S. mitis (P < 0.05 HGFs versus HGFs co-cultured with S. mitis). CONCLUSIONS β1 integrin triggered the signalling pathway, transduced by p-PKCα and involving ERK 1 and 2 and MMPs. This pathway resulted in an unbalanced equilibrium in tissue remodelling process, along with inflammatory response when HGFs are exposed to bacteria or biomaterial alone. On the contrary, the TEGDMA/S. mitis combination restored the balance between extracellular matrix deposition and degradation and prevented an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Di Nisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M De Colli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - V di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Rapino
- Unit of Chieti, Institute of Molecular Genetics CNR, Chieti, Italy
| | - V Di Valerio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - G D Marconi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - S Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Sancilio S, di Giacomo V, Di Giulio M, Gallorini M, Marsich E, Travan A, Tarusha L, Cellini L, Cataldi A. Biological responses of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in an innovative co-culture model with Streptococcus mitis to thermosets coated with a silver polysaccharide antimicrobial system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96520. [PMID: 24806464 PMCID: PMC4013038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the in vitro biological response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) co-coltured with Streptococcus mitis to bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (BisGMA/TEGDMA) thermosets coated with Chitlac-nAg, a nanocomposite system with antimicrobial properties. To avoid bacterial adhesion to dental devices and to reduce cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells, we coated BisGMA/TEGDMA methacrylic thermosets with a new material, Chitlac-nAg, formed by stabilizing silver nanoparticles, which have well-known antimicrobial properties, with a polyelectrolyte solution containing Chitlac. Cytotoxicity, cell morphology, cell migration and inflammatory interleukine-6 (IL-6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion were evaluated. Our results showed that the cytotoxicity exerted on HGFs by our nanocomposite material was absent in our co-culture model, where fibroblasts are able to adhere and migrate. After 24 h thermosets coated with Chitlac as well as those coated with Chitlac-nAg exerted a minimal cytotoxic effect on HGFs, while after 48 h LDH release rises up 20%. Moreover the presence of S. mitis reduced this release in a greater amount with Chitlac-nAg coated thermosets. The secretion of IL-6 was significant in both Chitlac and Chitlac-nAg coated thermosets, but PGE2 production was minimal, suggesting that the IL-6 production was not related to an inflammatory response. Co-culture and the addiction of saliva did not influence IL-6 and PGE2 secretion. Data obtained in the present work suggest that Chitlac n-Ag coated thermosets could significantly improve the success rates of restorative dentistry, since they limit bacterial adhesion and are not toxic to HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sancilio
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Marsich
- Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Travan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorena Tarusha
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Gallorini M, Cataldi A, di Giacomo V. HEMA-induced cytotoxicity: oxidative stress, genotoxicity and apoptosis. Int Endod J 2014; 47:813-8. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
| | - A. Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
| | - V. di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy; University “G. d'Annunzio”; Chieti Italy
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12
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Gallorini M, Sancilio S, Zara S, De Colli M, Di Giulio M, Cataldi A, di Giacomo V. Involvement of mitochondrial signalling pathway in HGFs/S. mitiscoculture response to TEGDMA treatment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3931-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Sancilio
- Department of Pharmacy; University G. d'Annunzio; Chieti-Pescara Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy; University G. d'Annunzio; Chieti-Pescara Italy
| | - Marianna De Colli
- Department of Pharmacy; University G. d'Annunzio; Chieti-Pescara Italy
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy; University G. d'Annunzio; Chieti-Pescara Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy; University G. d'Annunzio; Chieti-Pescara Italy
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13
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Di Giulio M, di Giacomo V, Di Campli E, Di Bartolomeo S, Zara S, Pasquantonio G, Cataldi A, Cellini L. Saliva improves Streptococcus mitis protective effect on human gingival fibroblasts in presence of 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1977-1983. [PMID: 23670604 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of saliva on Streptococcus mitis free cells and on S. mitis/human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) co-culture model, in presence of 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA). The bacterial aggregation both in the planktonic phase and on HGFs, as well as the apoptotic and necrotic eukaryotic cells amount were analyzed, in presence of saliva and/or HEMA. The aggregation test revealed a significant saliva aggregation effect on S. mitis strains compared to the untreated sample. No significant differences were recorded in the amount of culturable bacteria in all studied conditions; however, from microscopy images, the saliva/HEMA combining effect induced a significant bacterial aggregation and adhesion on HGFs. HEMA treatment decreased viable eukaryotic cell number with a parallel increment of necrotic cells, but when saliva was added to the co-culture, the viable cells percentage increased to a value comparable to the control sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, Chieti, Italy
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