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Hjálmsdóttir Á, Hasler F, Waeckerle-Men Y, Duda A, López-Deber MP, Pihlgren M, Vukicevic M, Kündig TM, Johansen P. T cell independent antibody responses with class switch and memory using peptides anchored on liposomes. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:115. [PMID: 38909055 PMCID: PMC11193769 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines generally require T lymphocytes for B-cell activation and immunoglobulin class switching in response to peptide or protein antigens. In the absence of T cells, limited IgG class switch takes place, germinal centers are short-lived, and the B cells lack memory. Here, immunization of mice with liposomes containing 15mer peptides and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as adjuvant, induced T-cell independent (TI) IgG class switch within three days, as well as germinal center formation. The antibody responses were long-lived, strictly dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, partly dependent on Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) signal transmission, and independent of signaling through T-cell receptors, MHC class II and inflammasome. The antibody response showed characteristics of both TI type 1 and TI type 2. All IgG subclasses could be boosted months after primary immunization, and the biological function of the secreted antibodies was demonstrated in murine models of allergic anaphylaxis and of bacterial infection. Moreover, antibody responses after immunization with peptide- and MPLA-loaded liposomes could be triggered in neonatal mice and in mice receiving immune-suppressants. This study demonstrates T-cell independent endogenous B-cell memory and recall responses in vivo using a peptide antigen. The stimulation of these antibody responses required a correct and dense assembly and administration of peptide and adjuvant on the surface of liposomes. In the future, TI vaccines may prove beneficial in pathological conditions in which T-cell immunity is compromised through disease or medicines or when rapid, antibody-mediated immune protection is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Hasler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Agathe Duda
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Maria Pihlgren
- AC Immune SA, EPFL Innovation Park EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas M Kündig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pål Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Sur M, Rasquinha MT, Arumugam R, Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Mone K, Lasrado N, Yalaka B, Doiphode A, Gurumurthy C, Steffen D, Reddy J. Transgenic Mice Expressing Functional TCRs Specific to Cardiac Myhc-α 334-352 on Both CD4 and CD8 T Cells Are Resistant to the Development of Myocarditis on C57BL/6 Genetic Background. Cells 2023; 12:2346. [PMID: 37830560 PMCID: PMC10571761 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a predominant cause of congestive heart failure and sudden death in children and young adolescents that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Lymphocytic myocarditis mediated by T cells can result from the recognition of cardiac antigens that may involve CD4 or CD8 T cells or both. In this report, we describe the generation of T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background specific to cardiac myosin heavy chain (Myhc)-α 334-352 and make the following observations: First, we verified that Myhc-α 334-352 was immunogenic in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and induced antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses despite being a poor binder of IAb; however, the immunized animals developed only mild myocarditis. Second, TCRs specific to Myhc-α 334-352 in transgenic mice were expressed in both CD4 and CD8 T cells, suggesting that the expression of epitope-specific TCR is common to both cell types. Third, although T cells from naïve transgenic mice did not respond to Myhc-α 334-352, both CD4 and CD8 T cells from animals immunized with Myhc-α 334-352 responded to the peptide, indicating that antigen priming is necessary to break tolerance. Fourth, although the transgenic T cells could produce significant amounts of interferon-γ and interleukin-17, the immunized animals developed only mild disease, indicating that other soluble factors might be necessary for developing severe myocarditis. Alternatively, the C57BL/6 genetic background might be a major contributing factor for resistance to the development of myocarditis. Taken together, our model permits the determination of the roles of both CD4 and CD8 T cells to understand the disease-resistance mechanisms of myocarditis in a single transgenic system antigen-specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Sur
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Mahima T. Rasquinha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Rajkumar Arumugam
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Chandirasegaran Massilamany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- CRISPR Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02127, USA
| | - Arunkumar Gangaplara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- Miltenyi Biotec, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Kiruthiga Mone
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bharathi Yalaka
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
| | - Aakash Doiphode
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal 412801, Maharashtra, India
| | - Channabasavaiah Gurumurthy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (M.S.); (M.T.R.); (R.A.); (C.M.); (A.G.); (K.M.); (N.L.); (B.Y.); (A.D.); (D.S.)
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3
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Jiaqi W, Yanjun C. Research progress on the allergic mechanism, molecular properties, and immune cross-reactivity of the egg allergen Gal d 5. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1205671. [PMID: 37351194 PMCID: PMC10282150 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs and their products are commonly consumed in food products worldwide, and in addition to dietary consumption, egg components are widely used in the food industry for their antimicrobial, cooking, and other functional properties. Globally, eggs are the second most common allergenic food after milk. However, current research on egg allergy primarily focuses on egg white allergens, while research on egg yolk allergens is not comprehensive enough. Therefore, summarizing and analyzing the important allergen α-livetin in egg yolk is significant in elucidating the mechanism of egg allergy and exploring effective desensitization methods. This paper discusses the incidence, underlying mechanism, and clinical symptoms of egg allergy. This article provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of the current research status concerning the molecular structural properties, epitopes, and immune cross-reactivity of the egg yolk allergen, Gal d 5. Additionally, it examines the effects of various processing methods on egg allergens. The article also offers suggestions and outlines potential future research directions and ideas in this field.
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4
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Charles T, Moss DL, Bhat P, Moore PW, Kummer NA, Bhattacharya A, Landry SJ, Mettu RR. CD4+ T-Cell Epitope Prediction by Combined Analysis of Antigen Conformational Flexibility and Peptide-MHCII Binding Affinity. Biochemistry 2022; 61:1585-1599. [PMID: 35834502 PMCID: PMC9352311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Antigen processing in the class II MHC pathway depends
on conventional
proteolytic enzymes, potentially acting on antigens in native-like
conformational states. CD4+ epitope dominance arises from a competition
among antigen folding, proteolysis, and MHCII binding. Protease-sensitive
sites, linear antibody epitopes, and CD4+ T-cell epitopes were mapped
in plague vaccine candidate F1-V to evaluate the various contributions
to CD4+ epitope dominance. Using X-ray crystal structures, antigen
processing likelihood (APL) predicts CD4+ epitopes with significant
accuracy for F1-V without considering peptide-MHCII binding affinity.
We also show that APL achieves excellent performance over two benchmark
antigen sets. The profiles of conformational flexibility derived from
the X-ray crystal structures of the F1-V proteins, Caf1 and LcrV,
were similar to the biochemical profiles of linear antibody epitope
reactivity and protease sensitivity, suggesting that the role of structure
in proteolysis was captured by the analysis of the crystal structures.
The patterns of CD4+ T-cell epitope dominance in C57BL/6, CBA, and
BALB/c mice were compared to epitope predictions based on APL, MHCII
binding, or both. For a sample of 13 diverse antigens, the accuracy
of epitope prediction by the combination of APL and I-Ab-MHCII-peptide affinity reached 36%. When MHCII allele specificity
was also diverse, such as in human immunity, prediction of dominant
epitopes by APL alone reached 42% when using a stringent scoring threshold.
Because dominant CD4+ epitopes tend to occur in conformationally stable
antigen domains, crystal structures typically are available for analysis
by APL, and thus, the requirement for a crystal structure is not a
severe limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tysheena Charles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Daniel L Moss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Pawan Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Peyton W Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Nicholas A Kummer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Avik Bhattacharya
- Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Samuel J Landry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Ramgopal R Mettu
- Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
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5
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Farhadi Biregani A, Khodadadi A, Doosti A, Asadirad A, Ghasemi Dehcheshmeh M, Ghadiri AA. Allergen specific immunotherapy with plasmid DNA encoding OVA-immunodominant T cell epitope fused to Tregitope in a murine model of allergy. Cell Immunol 2022; 376:104534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Moss DL, Mettu RR, Landry SJ. The Serpin-like Loop Insertion of Ovalbumin Increases the Stability and Decreases the OVA 323-339 Epitope Processing Efficiency. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1578-1586. [PMID: 33956428 PMCID: PMC8253479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chicken ovalbumin (cOVA) has been studied for decades primarily due to the robust genetic and molecular resources that are available for experimental investigations. cOVA is a member of the serpin superfamily of proteins that function as protease inhibitors, although cOVA does not exhibit this activity. As a serpin, cOVA possesses a protease-sensitive reactive center loop that lies adjacent to the OVA 323-339 CD4+ T-cell epitope. We took advantage of the previously described single-substitution variant, OVA R339T, which can undergo the dramatic structural transition observed in serpins, to study how changes in loop size and protein stability influence the processing and presentation of the OVA 323-339 epitope. We observed that the OVA R339T loop insertion increases the stability and protease resistance, resulting in the reduced presentation of the OVA 323-339 epitope in vitro. These findings have implications for the design of more effective vaccines for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer as well as the development of more robust CD4+ T-cell epitope prediction tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Moss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Ramgopal R Mettu
- Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, 6823 St Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Samuel J Landry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
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7
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Alberca-Custodio RW, Faustino LD, Gomes E, Nunes FPB, de Siqueira MK, Labrada A, Almeida RR, Câmara NOS, da Fonseca DM, Russo M. Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy With Liposome Containing CpG-ODN in Murine Model of Asthma Relies on MyD88 Signaling in Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:692. [PMID: 32391011 PMCID: PMC7191058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing the immune responses to allergens is the cornerstone of allergen immunotherapy. Allergen-specific immunotherapy that consists of repeated administration of increasing doses of allergen extract is potentially curative. The major inconveniences of allergen-specific immunotherapy include failure to modify immune responses, long-term treatment leading to non-compliance and the potential for developing life-threating anaphylaxis. Here we investigated the effect of a novel liposomal formulation carrying low dose of allergen combined with CpG-ODN, a synthetic TLR9 agonist, on established allergic lung inflammation. We found that challenge with allergen (OVA) encapsulated in cationic liposome induced significantly less severe cutaneous anaphylactic reaction. Notably, short-term treatment (three doses) with a liposomal formulation containing co-encapsulated allergen plus CpG-ODN, but not allergen or CpG-ODN alone, reversed an established allergic lung inflammation and provided long-term protection. This liposomal formulation was also effective against allergens derived from Blomia tropicalis mite extract. The attenuation of allergic inflammation was not associated with increased numbers of Foxp3-positive or IL-10-producing regulatory T cells or with increased levels of IFN-gamma in the lungs. Instead, the anti-allergic effect of the liposomal formulation was dependent of the innate immune signal transduction generated in CD11c-positive putative dendritic cells expressing MyD88 molecule. Therefore, we highlight the pivotal role of dendritic cells in mediating the attenuation of established allergic lung inflammation following immunotherapy with a liposomal formulation containing allergen plus CpG-ODN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas D. Faustino
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eliane Gomes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexis Labrada
- Department of Allergens, National Center of Bioproducts (BIOCEN), Havana, Cuba
| | - Rafael Ribeiro Almeida
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Morais da Fonseca
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Momtchilo Russo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Negahdaripour M, Owji H, Eslami M, Zamani M, Vakili B, Sabetian S, Nezafat N, Ghasemi Y. Selected application of peptide molecules as pharmaceutical agents and in cosmeceuticals. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:1275-1287. [PMID: 31382850 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1652592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Peptide molecules are being vastly investigated as an emerging class of therapeutic molecules in recent years. Currently, 60 peptides have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and more would enter the market in near future. Peptides have already opened their ways into cosmeceutical and food industries as well.Areas covered: Antibodies, vaccines, and antimicrobial agents are the major classes of therapeutic peptides. Additionally, peptides may be employed in drug development to support cell penetration or targeting. The interest in antimicrobial peptides is surging due to the increasing risk of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Peptide vaccines with their significant advantages compared with traditional vaccines, are expected to find their place in coming years, especially for cancer, microbial and allergen-specific immunotherapy. The usage of peptides in cosmeceuticals is also growing rapidly.Expert opinion: Peptide synthesis has become accessible, and advances in peptide engineering, sequencing technologies, and structural bioinformatics have resulted in the rational designing of novel peptides. All these advancements would lead to the more prominent roles of peptides in the mentioned areas. In this review, we discuss applications of peptides in different fields including pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, besides the critical factors in designing efficient peptide molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manica Negahdaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Owji
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Eslami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Vakili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Sabetian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Hall LS, Lennon CS, Hall AM, Urbaniak SJ, Vickers MA, Barker RN. Combination peptide immunotherapy suppresses antibody and helper T-cell responses to the major human platelet autoantigen glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in HLA-transgenic mice. Haematologica 2019; 104:1074-1082. [PMID: 30514805 PMCID: PMC6518892 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.179424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet destruction in immune thrombocytopenia is caused by autoreactive antibody and T-cell responses, most commonly directed against platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Loss of self-tolerance in the disease is also associated with deficient activity of regulatory T cells. Having previously mapped seven major epitopes on platelet glycoprotein IIIa that are recognized by helper T cells from patients with immune thrombocytopenia, the aim was to test whether peptide therapy with any of these sequences, alone or in combination, could inhibit responses to the antigen in humanized mice expressing HLA-DR15. None of the individual peptides, delivered by a putative tolerogenic regimen, consistently suppressed the antibody response to subsequent immunization with human platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. However, the combination of glycoprotein IIIa peptides aa6-20 and aa711-725, which contain the predominant helper epitopes in patients and elicited the strongest trends to suppress when used individually, did abrogate this response. The peptide combination also blunted, but did not reverse, the ongoing antibody response when given after immunization. Suppression of antibody was associated with reduced splenocyte T-cell responsiveness to the antigen, and with the induction of a regulatory T-cell population that is more responsive to the peptides than to purified platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Overall, these data demonstrate that combinations of peptides containing helper epitopes, such as platelet glycoprotein IIIa aa6-20 and aa711-725, can promote in vivo suppression of responses to the major antigen implicated in immune thrombocytopenia. The approach offers a promising therapeutic option to boost T-cell regulation, which should be taken forward to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S Hall
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Ashgrove Road West, University of Aberdeen
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Charlotte S Lennon
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Ashgrove Road West, University of Aberdeen
| | - Andrew M Hall
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Ashgrove Road West, University of Aberdeen
| | - Stanislaw J Urbaniak
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Ashgrove Road West, University of Aberdeen
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mark A Vickers
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Ashgrove Road West, University of Aberdeen
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Robert N Barker
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Ashgrove Road West, University of Aberdeen
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10
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Lozano-Ojalvo D, López-Fandiño R. Immunomodulating peptides for food allergy prevention and treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1629-1649. [PMID: 28102702 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1275519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the most promising strategies currently assayed against IgE-mediated allergic diseases stands the possibility of using immunomodulating peptides to induce oral tolerance toward offending food allergens or even to prevent allergic sensitization. This review focuses on the beneficial effects of food derived immunomodulating peptides on food allergy, which can be directly exerted in the intestinal tract or once being absorbed through the intestinal epithelial barrier to interact with immune cells. Food peptides influence intestinal homeostasis by maintaining and reinforcing barrier function or affecting intestinal cell-signalling to nearby immune cells and mucus secretion. In addition, they can stimulate cells of the innate and adaptive immune system while supressing inflammatory responses. Peptides represent an attractive alternative to whole allergens to enhance the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy treatments. The conclusions drawn from curative and preventive experiments in murine models are promising, although there is a need for more pre-clinical studies to further explore the immunomodulating strategy and its mechanisms and for a deeper knowledge of the peptide sequence and structural requirements that determine the immunoregulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
- a Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- a Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
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11
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Lozano-Ojalvo D, Pérez-Rodríguez L, Pablos-Tanarro A, Molina E, López-Fandiño R. Hydrolysed ovalbumin offers more effective preventive and therapeutic protection against egg allergy than the intact protein. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1342-1354. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Lozano-Ojalvo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - L. Pérez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - A. Pablos-Tanarro
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - E. Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM); Madrid Spain
| | - R. López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM); Madrid Spain
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12
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Patel S, Meher B. A review on emerging frontiers of house dust mite and cockroach allergy research. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016; 44:580-593. [PMID: 26994963 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, mankind is afflicted with diversified health issues, allergies being a common, yet little understood malady. Allergies, the outcome of a baffled immune system encompasses myriad allergens and causes an array of health consequences, ranging from transient to recurrent and mild to fatal. Indoor allergy is a serious hypersensitivity in genetically-predisposed people, triggered by ingestion, inhalation or mere contact of allergens, of which mite and cockroaches are one of the most-represented constituents. Arduous to eliminate, these aeroallergens pose constant health challenges, mostly manifested as respiratory and dermatological inflammations, leading to further aggravations if unrestrained. Recent times have seen an unprecedented endeavour to understand the conformation of these allergens, their immune manipulative ploys and other underlying causes of pathogenesis, most importantly therapies. Yet a large section of vulnerable people is ignorant of these innocuous-looking immune irritants, prevailing around them, and continues to suffer. This review aims to expedite this field by a concise, informative account of seminal findings in the past few years, with particular emphasis on leading frontiers like genome-wide association studies (GWAS), epitope mapping, metabolomics etc. Drawbacks linked to current approaches and solutions to overcome them have been proposed.
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Abstract
Careful selection of dominant T cell epitope peptides of major allergens that display degeneracy for binding to a wide array of MHC class II molecules allows induction of clinical and immunological tolerance to allergen in a refined treatment strategy. From the original concept of peptide-induced T cell anergy arising from in vitro studies, proof-of-concept murine models and flourishing human trials followed. Current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of mixtures of T cell-reactive short allergen peptides or long contiguous overlapping peptides are encouraging with intradermal administration into non-inflamed skin a preferred delivery. Definitive immunological mechanisms are yet to be resolved but specific anergy, Th2 cell deletion, immune deviation, and Treg induction seem implicated. Significant efficacy, particularly with short treatment courses, in a range of aeroallergen therapies (cat, house dust mite, grass pollen) with inconsequential non-systemic adverse events likely heralds a new class of therapeutic for allergy, Synthetic Peptide Immuno-Regulatory Epitopes (SPIRE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn E O'Hehir
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sara R Prickett
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Jennifer M Rolland
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Stanic-Vucinic D, Stojadinovic M, Mirkov I, Apostolovic D, Burazer L, Atanaskovic-Markovic M, Kataranovski M, Cirkovic Velickovic T. Hypoallergenic acid-sensitive modification preserves major mugwort allergen fold and delivers full repertoire of MHC class II-binding peptides during endolysosomal degradation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17261j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoallergenic acid-sensitive modification preserves major mugwort pollen allergen fold and delivers a full repertoire of MHC class II-binding peptides during endolysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Stanic-Vucinic
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
| | - Marija Stojadinovic
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
| | - Ivana Mirkov
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | | | - Lidija Burazer
- Institute of Virology
- Vaccines and Sera – Torlak
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Marina Atanaskovic-Markovic
- University Children's Hospital “Tirsova”
- Department of Allergology and Pulmology
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Milena Kataranovski
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”
- University of Belgrade
- Belgrade
- Serbia
- University of Belgrade
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- University of Belgrade
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
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Prickett SR, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE. Immunoregulatory T cell epitope peptides: the new frontier in allergy therapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:1015-26. [PMID: 25900315 PMCID: PMC4654246 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been practised since 1911 and remains the only therapy proven to modify the natural history of allergic diseases. Although efficacious in carefully selected individuals, the currently licensed whole allergen extracts retain the risk of IgE-mediated adverse events, including anaphylaxis and occasionally death. This together with the need for prolonged treatment regimens results in poor patient adherence. The central role of the T cell in orchestrating the immune response to allergen informs the choice of T cell targeted therapies for down-regulation of aberrant allergic responses. Carefully mapped short synthetic peptides that contain the dominant T cell epitopes of major allergens and bind to a diverse array of HLA class II alleles, can be delivered intradermally into non-inflamed skin to induce sustained clinical and immunological tolerance. The short peptides from allergenic proteins are unable to cross-link IgE and possess minimal inflammatory potential. Systematic progress has been made from in vitro human models of allergen T cell epitope-based peptide anergy in the early 1990s, through proof-of-concept murine allergy models and early human trials with longer peptides, to the current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials with the potential new class of synthetic short immune-regulatory T cell epitope peptide therapies. Sustained efficacy with few adverse events is being reported for cat, house dust mite and grass pollen allergy after only a short course of treatment. Underlying immunological mechanisms remain to be fully delineated but anergy, deletion, immune deviation and Treg induction all seem contributory to successful outcomes, with changes in IgG4 apparently less important compared to conventional AIT. T cell epitope peptide therapy is promising a safe and effective new class of specific treatment for allergy, enabling wider application even for more severe allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Prickett
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - J M Rolland
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - R E O'Hehir
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Lucas CD, Dorward DA, Sharma S, Rennie J, Felton JM, Alessandri AL, Duffin R, Schwarze J, Haslett C, Rossi AG. Wogonin induces eosinophil apoptosis and attenuates allergic airway inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:626-36. [PMID: 25629436 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201408-1565oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Eosinophils are key effector cells in allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, eczema, and asthma. Their tissue presence is regulated by both recruitment and increased longevity at inflamed sites. OBJECTIVES To investigate the ability of the flavone wogonin to induce eosinophil apoptosis in vitro and attenuate eosinophil-dominant allergic inflammation in vivo in mice. METHODS Human and mouse eosinophil apoptosis in response to wogonin was investigated by cellular morphology, flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane permeability, and pharmacological caspase inhibition. Allergic lung inflammation was modeled in mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were examined for inflammation, mucus production, and inflammatory mediator production. Airway hyperresponsiveness to aerosolized methacholine was measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Wogonin induced time- and concentration-dependent human and mouse eosinophil apoptosis in vitro. Wogonin-induced eosinophil apoptosis occurred with activation of caspase-3 and was inhibited by pharmacological caspase inhibition. Wogonin administration attenuated allergic airway inflammation in vivo with reductions in BAL and interstitial eosinophil numbers, increased eosinophil apoptosis, reduced airway mucus production, and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness. This wogonin-induced reduction in allergic airway inflammation was prevented by concurrent caspase inhibition in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Wogonin induces eosinophil apoptosis and attenuates allergic airway inflammation, suggesting that it has therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic inflammation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Lucas
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Zhao J, Li C, Zhao B, Xu P, Xu H, He L. Construction of the recombinant vaccine based on T-cell epitope encoding Der p1 and evaluation on its specific immunotherapy efficacy. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:6436-6443. [PMID: 26131270 PMCID: PMC4483893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is currently recognized as the only etiological therapy to ameliorate asthmatic symptom. The current study was aimed at evaluating the immune effect of vaccine MAT3T designed on MHCII pathway, which includes T cell fusion peptide encoding Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus class 1 allergen (Der p1). We initially cloned the nucleotide sequences of TAT, IhC and 3 segments of T cell epitope coding for Der p1, and reassembled these sequences in linear manner to form fusion gene named MAT3T, which was applied to immunize the asthmatic models of mice induced by Der p1 allergen for tentative SIT. ELISA results showed that MAT3T was able to increase the level of IFN-γ in BALF and allergen specific antibody IgG2a in serum, while decrease the level of IL-13 in BALF and allergen specific antibody IgE and IgG1. Pathological confirmation further revealed that the inflammatory reactions and inflammatory cell infiltration were totally reduced in lung tissue of mice after MAT3T treatment. Our results show that the recombinant allergen MAT3T can effectively correct the imbalance of Th1/Th2, and MAT3T may be used as candidate vaccine against asthma on SIT basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Zhao
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Chaopin Li
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241002, Anhui, China
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science & TechnologyHuainan 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Lianping He
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical UniversityWuhu 241002, Anhui, China
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Lee MF, Chang CW, Song PP, Hwang GY, Lin SJ, Chen YH. IgE-Binding Epitope Mapping and Tissue Localization of the Major American Cockroach Allergen Per a 2. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 7:376-83. [PMID: 25749772 PMCID: PMC4446636 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.4.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cockroaches are the second leading allergen in Taiwan. Sensitization to Per a 2, the major American cockroach allergen, correlates with clinical severity among patients with airway allergy, but there is limited information on IgE epitopes and tissue localization of Per a 2. This study aimed to identify Per a 2 linear IgE-binding epitopes and its distribution in the body of a cockroach. Methods The cDNA of Per a 2 was used as a template and combined with oligonucleotide primers specific to the target areas with appropriate restriction enzyme sites. Eleven overlapping fragments of Per a 2 covering the whole allergen molecule, except 20 residues of signal peptide, were generated by PCR. Mature Per a 2 and overlapping deletion mutants were affinity-purified and assayed for IgE reactivity by immunoblotting. Three synthetic peptides comprising the B cell epitopes were evaluated by direct binding ELISA. Rabbit anti-Per a 2 antibody was used for immunohistochemistry. Results Human linear IgE-binding epitopes of Per a 2 were located at the amino acid sequences 57-86, 200-211, and 299-309. There was positive IgE binding to 10 tested Per a 2-allergic sera in 3 synthetic peptides, but none in the controls. Immunostaining revealed that Per a 2 was localized partly in the mouth and midgut of the cockroach, with the most intense staining observed in the hindgut, suggesting that the Per a 2 allergen might be excreted through the feces. Conclusions Information on the IgE-binding epitope of Per a 2 may be used for designing more specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to cockroach allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mey Fann Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.; General Education Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia Wei Chang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei Pong Song
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guang Yuh Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh Jye Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.; Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zuidmeer-Jongejan L, Huber H, Swoboda I, Rigby N, Versteeg SA, Jensen BM, Quaak S, Akkerdaas JH, Blom L, Asturias J, Bindslev-Jensen C, Bernardi ML, Clausen M, Ferrara R, Hauer M, Heyse J, Kopp S, Kowalski ML, Lewandowska-Polak A, Linhart B, Maderegger B, Maillere B, Mari A, Martinez A, Mills ENC, Neubauer A, Nicoletti C, Papadopoulos NG, Portoles A, Ranta-Panula V, Santos-Magadan S, Schnoor HJ, Sigurdardottir ST, Stahl-Skov P, Stavroulakis G, Stegfellner G, Vázquez-Cortés S, Witten M, Stolz F, Poulsen LK, Fernandez-Rivas M, Valenta R, van Ree R. Development of a hypoallergenic recombinant parvalbumin for first-in-man subcutaneous immunotherapy of fish allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 166:41-51. [PMID: 25765512 DOI: 10.1159/000371657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FAST (food allergy-specific immunotherapy) project aims at developing safe and effective subcutaneous immunotherapy for fish allergy, using recombinant hypoallergenic carp parvalbumin, Cyp c 1. OBJECTIVES Preclinical characterization and good manufacturing practice (GMP) production of mutant Cyp (mCyp) c 1. METHODS Escherichia coli-produced mCyp c 1 was purified using standard chromatographic techniques. Physicochemical properties were investigated by gel electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism spectroscopy, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Allergenicity was assessed by ImmunoCAP inhibition and basophil histamine release assay, immunogenicity by immunization of laboratory animals and stimulation of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Reference molecules were purified wild-type Cyp c 1 (natural and/or recombinant). GMP-compliant alum-adsorbed mCyp c 1 was tested for acute toxicity in mice and rabbits and for repeated-dose toxicity in mice. Accelerated and real-time protocols were used to evaluate stability of mCyp c 1 as drug substance and drug product. RESULTS Purified mCyp c 1 behaves as a folded and stable molecule. Using sera of 26 double-blind placebo-controlled food-challenge-proven fish-allergic patients, reduction in allergenic activity ranged from 10- to 5,000-fold (1,000-fold on average), but with retained immunogenicity (immunization in mice/rabbits) and potency to stimulate human PBMCs. Toxicity studies revealed no toxic effects and real-time stability studies on the Al(OH)3-adsorbed drug product demonstrated at least 20 months of stability. CONCLUSION The GMP drug product developed for treatment of fish allergy has the characteristics targeted for in FAST: i.e. hypoallergenicity with retained immunogenicity. These results have warranted first-in-man immunotherapy studies to evaluate the safety of this innovative vaccine.
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Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only treatment of allergic diseases that aims at modifying the underlying immune mechanism. Current protocols are long and at risk of anaphylactic reactions. The main aim of current research is decreasing the risk of side effects and increasing efficacy, in particular targeting reduction of treatment duration. Since the advent of molecular biology, extracts can be replaced by recombinant hypo-allergens, peptides, or fusion proteins. In addition, different routes of administration are being pursued as well as the addition of new adjuvants that are targeted at skewing the immune system away from a Th2 to a more Th1 or regulatory T cell phenotype. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in this field focusing on the allergen modifications and new adjuvants.
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Peptide based immunotherapy: a pivotal tool for allergy treatment. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 19:391-8. [PMID: 24530919 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies with T-cell epitope peptides have shown a promising impact over allergic diseases as a potential therapeutic tool in in vitro and in vivo conditions. It is recognized as an effective treatment with long lasting clinical effects and subsequent reduction of the allergic inflammatory reactions. In this review, we have summarized the role of peptide based immunotherapy and emphasis has been given to the recent advancement in pollen, cat, hymenoptera venom, and food allergy.
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Hall LS, Hall AM, Pickford W, Vickers MA, Urbaniak SJ, Barker RN. Combination peptide immunotherapy suppresses antibody and helper T-cell responses to the RhD protein in HLA-transgenic mice. Haematologica 2014; 99:588-96. [PMID: 24441145 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.082081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The offspring from pregnancies of women who have developed anti-D blood group antibodies are at risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn. We have previously mapped four peptides containing immunodominant T-helper cell epitopes from the RhD protein and the purpose of the work was to develop these into a product for suppression of established anti-D responses. A panel of each of the four immunodominant RhD peptides was synthesized with modifications to improve manufacturability and solubility, and screened for retention of recognition by human T-helper cells. A selected version of each sequence was combined in a mixture (RhDPmix), which was tested for suppressive ability in a humanized murine model of established immune responses to RhD protein. After HLA-DR15 transgenic mice had been immunized with RhD protein, a single dose of RhDPmix, given either intranasally (P=0.008, Mann-Whitney rank sum test) or subcutaneously (P=0.043), rapidly and significantly suppressed the ongoing antibody response. This was accompanied by reduced T-helper cell responsiveness, although this change was less marked for subcutaneous RhDPmix delivery, and by the recruitment of cells with a regulatory T-cell phenotype. The results support human trials of RhDPmix peptide immunotherapy in women with established antibody responses to the RhD blood group.
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