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Velez-León E, Pacheco-Quito EM, Díaz-Dosque M, Tobar-Almache D. Worldwide Variations in Fluoride Content in Beverages for Infants. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1896. [PMID: 38136098 PMCID: PMC10741400 DOI: 10.3390/children10121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In situations where breastfeeding is impractical, milk formulas have emerged as the primary choice for infant nutrition. Numerous global studies have scrutinized the fluoride content in these formulas, uncovering fluctuations in fluoride levels directly associated with the method of preparation. This variability poses a potential risk of elevated fluoride concentrations and, consequently, an increased susceptibility to dental fluorosis in infants. The primary objective of this review is to intricately delineate the fluoride content in dairy formulas and emphasize the variability of these values concerning their reconstitution process. The review's findings reveal that, among the 17 studies assessing fluoride levels in infant formula, milk-based formulas exhibit a range of 0.01-0.92 ppm, with only two studies exceeding 1.30 ppm. Conversely, soy-based formulas demonstrate values ranging from 0.13-1.11 ppm. In conclusion, the observed variability in fluoride levels in infant formulas is ascribed to the choice of the water source employed in the preparation process. This underscores the paramount importance of meticulously adhering to recommendations and guidelines provided by healthcare professionals concerning the utilization of these formulas and their meticulous reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonor Velez-León
- Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador;
- Grupo de Investigación Innovación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Jefatura de Investigación e Innovación, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador
- Latin American Network of Research on Fluorides and Dental Fluorosis, Cartagena 130009, Colombia; (M.D.-D.); (D.T.-A.)
| | - Edisson-Mauricio Pacheco-Quito
- Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador;
- Grupo de Investigación Innovación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico en Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Jefatura de Investigación e Innovación, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador
- Latin American Network of Research on Fluorides and Dental Fluorosis, Cartagena 130009, Colombia; (M.D.-D.); (D.T.-A.)
| | - Mario Díaz-Dosque
- Latin American Network of Research on Fluorides and Dental Fluorosis, Cartagena 130009, Colombia; (M.D.-D.); (D.T.-A.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago 8380544, Chile
| | - Daniela Tobar-Almache
- Latin American Network of Research on Fluorides and Dental Fluorosis, Cartagena 130009, Colombia; (M.D.-D.); (D.T.-A.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago 8380544, Chile
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Sawangjang B, Takizawa S. Re-evaluating fluoride intake from food and drinking water: Effect of boiling and fluoride adsorption on food. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130162. [PMID: 36257112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although drinking water is the main source of fluoride intake, recent studies reported that fluoride intake from foods could also be high, depending on cooking methods. In this study, we quantified the fluoride accumulation in foods soaked or boiled in fluoride-containing water and assessed the fluoride intake in different age groups from food and drinking water. We observed that, in the case of rice soaked in fluoride-containing water, more fluoride was accumulated in the rice than previously estimated. Fluoride interferes with the iodine staining process of rice, indicating fluoride adsorption. Fluoride accumulation in rice and vegetables increased when the soaking temperature was raised to 100 °C due to the gelatinization of rice grains and softening of vegetables. Ingesting foods boiled in fluoride-containing water increased the fluoride intake per body weight of infants more significantly than that in children and adults due to their low body weight. These results indicate that soaking and boiling foods in fluoride-containing water significantly increases fluoride intake compared to previous estimations. Therefore, it is necessary to re-evaluate the fluoride intake from food and drinking water considering the methods used for cooking food in each country and region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyapa Sawangjang
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Takizawa
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Saad H, Escoube R, Babajko S, Houari S. Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:916372. [PMID: 35757442 PMCID: PMC9231728 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.916372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is added to many dental care products as well as in drinking water to prevent dental decay. However, recent data associating exposure to F with some developmental defects with consequences in many organs raise concerns about its daily use for dental care. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the contribution of dental care products with regard to overall F intake through drinking water and diet with measurements of F excretion in urine used as a suitable biomarker. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using keywords related to chronic exposure to F in the human population with measurements of F levels in body fluids, 1,273 papers published between 1995 and 2021 were screened, and 28 papers were finally included for data extraction concerning daily F intake. The contribution of dental care products, essentially by toothbrushing with kinds of toothpaste containing F, was 38% in the mean regardless of the F concentrations in drinking water. There was no correlation between F intake through toothpaste and age, nor with F levels in water ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 mg/L. There was no correlation between F intake and urinary F excretion levels despite an increase in its content in urine within hours following exposure to dental care products (toothpastes, varnishes, or other dental care products). The consequences of exposure to F on health are discussed in the recent context of its suspected toxicity reported in the literature. The conclusions of the review aim to provide objective messages to patients and dental professionals worried about the use of F-containing materials or products to prevent initial caries or hypomineralized enamel lesions, especially for young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Saad
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Dental Medicine Department, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, GHN-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphaëlle Escoube
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, UM R5276, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Sylvie Babajko
| | - Sophia Houari
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Dental Medicine Department, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, GHN-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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4
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Han J, Kiss L, Mei H, Remete AM, Ponikvar-Svet M, Sedgwick DM, Roman R, Fustero S, Moriwaki H, Soloshonok VA. Chemical Aspects of Human and Environmental Overload with Fluorine. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4678-4742. [PMID: 33723999 PMCID: PMC8945431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 100-120 years, due to the ever-increasing importance of fluorine-containing compounds in modern technology and daily life, the explosive development of the fluorochemical industry led to an enormous increase of emission of fluoride ions into the biosphere. This made it more and more important to understand the biological activities, metabolism, degradation, and possible environmental hazards of such substances. This comprehensive and critical review focuses on the effects of fluoride ions and organofluorine compounds (mainly pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals) on human health and the environment. To give a better overview, various connected topics are also discussed: reasons and trends of the advance of fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, metabolism of fluorinated drugs, withdrawn fluorinated drugs, natural sources of organic and inorganic fluorine compounds in the environment (including the biosphere), sources of fluoride intake, and finally biomarkers of fluoride exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Loránd Kiss
- University
of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Attila Márió Remete
- University
of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maja Ponikvar-Svet
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova
cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Mark Sedgwick
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Raquel Roman
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universidad
de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Hiroki Moriwaki
- Hamari
Chemicals Ltd., 1-19-40, Nankokita, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-0034, Japan
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department
of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Abuhaloob L, MacGillivray S, Mossey P, Freeman R. Maternal and child oral health interventions in Middle East and North Africa regions: a rapid review. Int Dent J 2019; 69:409-418. [PMID: 31338835 PMCID: PMC9379047 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct a rapid review to identify any maternal and/or child oral health interventions implemented and/or tested in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries generally, and Lebanon, Palestine and Syria specifically, and to compile information on the relative effectiveness of these interventions. METHODS A systematic search was conducted for primary and secondary literature indexed in five online databases, and the websites of the World Health Organisation (WHO), the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), and the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR). RESULTS Two independent researchers reviewed 1,180 records from the online databases, and 3,120 reports from the WHO, UNRWA, UNICEF and UNHCR. Four unique studies were included and conducted in Syria, Saudi Arabia and Iran. No systematic reviews were found for targeted interventions in MENA regions. However, interventions using fluoridated toothpaste (Syria), preventive treatment and fluoridated chewing gum (Saudi Arabia), and oral health education with oral health reminders (Iran) were significantly effective in reducing early child caries (ECC) experience. In Syria and Iran, mother and child oral health promotions integrated into ongoing vaccination programmes were effective in reducing ECC. These interventions formed part of WHO and Ministry of Health programmes. CONCLUSION Further investigation is essential to verify the effectiveness of incorporating multi-disciplinary, theory-driven oral health interventions into ongoing WHO maternal and child health programmes in MENA countries to assist in promoting oral health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Abuhaloob
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Steve MacGillivray
- Evidence Synthesis Training and Research (eSTAR) Group, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Peter Mossey
- Unit of Oral and Dental Public health Dundee, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ruth Freeman
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Sousa ETD, Alves VF, Maia FBM, Nobre-dos-Santos M, Forte FDS, Sampaio FC. Influence of Fluoridated Groundwater and 1,100 Ppm Fluoride Dentifrice on Biomarkers of Exposure to Fluoride. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:475-482. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This research aimed to determine the influence of fluoridated groundwater and 1,100 ppm fluoride dentifrice on biomarkers of exposure to fluoride in preschoolers. A cross-sectional study was performed on thirty preschoolers recruited from naturally fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas (n=15). Total Daily Fluoride Intake (TDFI) from diet and dentifrice, and Daily Urinary Fluoride Excretion (DUFE) was measured over 24 h. Nails samples were collected twice during 30 days. Fluoride analyses were performed using a fluoride-ion-specific electrode. Data were evaluated using the Student and paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis (α≤0.05). Fluoridated groundwater and dentifrice were the dominant sources (r2 > 0.83) of TDFI in children from a naturally fluoridated and a non-fluoridated area, respectively. A positive correlation between TDFI and DUFE (r=0.50), and between [F] in fingernails and toenails (r=0.60) were found in children from a naturally fluoridated area. The [F] in nails of finger and toe were not correlated to TDFI. The consumption of fluoridated groundwater influenced the fluoride concentration in urine. In addition, the use of 1,100 ppm fluoride dentifrice did not influence the fluoride concentration in urine and fingernails.
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Jean KJ, Wassef N, Gagnon F, Valcke M. A Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach Using Biomonitoring Data in Order to Assess the Contribution of Drinking Water for the Achievement of an Optimal Fluoride Dose for Dental Health in Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1358. [PMID: 29958421 PMCID: PMC6069276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Due to an optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water advised for caries prevention purposes, the population is now exposed to multiple sources of fluoride. The availability of population biomonitoring data currently allow us to evaluate the magnitude of this exposure. The objective of this work was, therefore, to use such data in order to estimate whether community water fluoridation still represents a significant contribution toward achieving a suggested daily optimal fluoride (external) intake of 0.05 mg/kg/day. Therefore, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for fluoride published in the literature was used and adapted in Excel for a typical 4-year-old and 8-year-old child. Biomonitoring data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey among people living in provinces with very different drinking water fluoridation coverage (Quebec, 2.5%; Ontario, 70% of the population) were analyzed using this adapted model. Absorbed doses for the 4-year-old and 8-year-old children were, respectively, 0.03 mg/kg/day and 0.02 mg/kg/day in Quebec and of 0.06 mg/kg/day and 0.05 mg/kg/day in Ontario. These results show that community water fluoridation contributes to increased fluoride intake among children, which leads to reaching, and in some cases even exceeding, the suggested optimal absorbed dose of 0.04 mg/kg/day, which corresponds to the suggested optimal fluoride intake mentioned above. In conclusion, this study constitutes an incentive to further explore the multiple sources of fluoride intake and suggests that a new balance between them including drinking water should be examined in accordance with the age-related physiological differences that influence fluoride metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven J Jean
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montréal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada.
- Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Nancy Wassef
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montréal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada.
| | - Fabien Gagnon
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montréal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Valcke
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montréal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada.
- Département de Santé Environnementale et Santé au Travail, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Vieira TI, Mangabeira A, Alexandria AK, Ferreira DMTP, Fidalgo TKDS, Valença AMG, Maia LC. Does flavoured dentifrice increase fluoride intake compared with regular toothpaste in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 28:279-290. [PMID: 29345027 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toothpaste manufacturers encourage through aggressive marketing strategies the overconsumption of fluoridated dentifrices. There are conflicting results regarding fluoride intake from toothpastes in children. AIM The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether dentifrice flavour increases fluoride ingestion by children. DESIGN We included clinical trials on children that evaluated the use of flavoured dentifrice - FD vs regular dentifrice - RD to identify the fluoride intake. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, LILACS/BBO, and grey literature followed by manual search. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration common scheme for bias and ROBINS-I tool. Data were analysed in subgroups such as low (G1) and ordinary (G2) fluoride concentrations of dentifrices. We carried out heterogeneity and sensitive analyses. RESULTS For G1, the fluoride intake from RD was significantly higher than from FD [standardised mean difference = -2.57 (-3.26, -1.89), P < 0.00001]. For G2, the fluoride ingestion from RD was significantly higher than from FD [mean difference = -0.00 (-0.00, -0.00), P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence to support the null hypothesis that flavouring from dentifrice does not increase fluoride intake in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Isidro Vieira
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adrielle Mangabeira
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adílis Kalina Alexandria
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Gondim Valença
- Department of Clinic and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Lima-Arsati YBDO, Gomes ARLF, Santos HKA, Arsati F, Oliveira MC, Freitas VS. Exposição a fluoreto por crianças na faixa etária crítica para fluorose dentária, residentes no semiárido brasileiro. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:1045-1054. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018234.07952016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Há uma preocupação com o aumento da prevalência de fluorose dentária, que depende da dose de fluoreto (F) a que as crianças são submetidas durante a formação dos dentes. A temperatura ambiental afeta a ingestão de água e, portanto, seria importante avaliar se as crianças que vivem em uma região de clima semiárido estão expostas a uma dose excessiva de F. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a dose total de F a que as crianças são expostas durante a idade crítica para a fluorose dentária, tendo dieta (água e alimentos) e dentifrício como fontes de F, em uma região de clima semiárido no Brasil. Metodologia: foram selecionadas 26 crianças com idade de 25,2 ± 9,1 meses, residentes em Feira de Santana-BA. Foram coletadas amostras de dieta-duplicada, água, produtos de escovação e dentifrícios. A concentração de F foi determinada após o devido preparo das amostras, utilizando um eletrodo específico. Resultados: a média e o desvio padrão de dose (mg F / kg / dia) em função da dieta, dentifrício e total foram, respectivamente: 0,016 ± 0,010; 0,030 ± 0,039 e 0,047 ± 0,043. Conclusões: as crianças avaliadas, residentes em uma região de clima semiárido, não estão expostas a uma dose de risco de fluorose dentária.
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Abuhaloob L, Petersen PE. Oral health status among children and adolescents in governmental and private schools of the Palestinian Territories. Int Dent J 2017; 68:105-112. [PMID: 29168573 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Political conflicts in the Palestinian Territories (PT) have resulted in systematic deterioration of socio-economic conditions and health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasised the negative impacts of social crisis on children' oral health and quality of life. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and trends in dental caries and poor gingival health of schoolchildren in the PT through the scholastic years 1998/1999 to 2012/2013. METHODS This is a retrospective study. Prevalence data on dental caries of primary and permanent dentitions among children 6, 12 and 16 years of age were gathered from annual oral health reports of the School Dental Health Programme (SDHP)-Ministry of Health. Caries was recorded according to WHO methods and criteria. Decayed, missing and filled teeth indices for primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) teeth were calculated. Gingival health status was examined according to the Community Periodontal Index (scores 1 and 2). Statistical analysis used SPSS. RESULTS In 2012/2013, dental caries prevalence rates and the index scores among schoolchildren were as follows, respectively: 56.4% and 2.7 dmft at age 6; 42.0% and 1.4 DMFT at age 12; and 38.7% and 1.7 DMFT at age 16. For all age groups, the d/D-component of the caries indices was high. Trends of dental-caries prevalence, caries experience and gingival bleeding were fairly constant over time from 1998/1999. CONCLUSION The SDHP was established in order to prevent and control oral diseases among schoolchildren in the PT. The Programme is fairly passive and the survey indicates an urgent need for reorientation of activities towards population-based prevention and health promotion. The application of the WHO Health Promoting Schools concept is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Abuhaloob
- Department for School Health, Ministry of Health, Palestinian Authority, Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestinian Authority
| | - Poul Erik Petersen
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Community Oral Health Programmes and Research, Department for Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Posada-Jaramillo GA, Restrepo-Puerta AM. Factores de riesgo ambientales y alimentarios para la fluorosis dental, Andes, Antioquia, 2015. REVISTA FACULTAD NACIONAL DE SALUD PÚBLICA 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v35n1a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Association between estimated fluoride intake and dental caries prevalence among 5-year-old children in Korea. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:169. [PMID: 26715525 PMCID: PMC4696346 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purposes of this study were to estimate the fluoride intake from food and drink in 5-year-old Korean children, and to measure the association between estimated fluoride intake and dental caries prevalence. Methods The study involved a secondary analysis of raw data from the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES; 2007–2009). The study subjects were 167 boys and 147 girls aged 5 years who had undergone both physical and nutritional examination as part of the survey. The KNHANES comprised a health questionnaire, a physical examination, and a nutritional examination. The nutritional examination of KNHANES consisted of 3 parts: a dietary life survey, a food-frequency questionnaire, and a food intake investigation. The food intake investigation used the 24-h recall method, with information being provided by the children’s parents. On the basis of this information, we evaluated the fluoride content in a total of 310 food items using the hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS)-facilitated diffusion method, modified using Taves’ microdiffusion method. As part of the KNHANES survey, oral examinations were conducted at a mobile examination centre by trained dentists using dental mirrors under a fluorescent light. These examinations were performed using methods proposed by the World Health Organization. Results The dietary fluoride intake of 5-year-old Korean children was estimated to be 0.35 mg/day, or 0.016 mg/kg/day. The “decayed or filled surfaces” (dfs) indices of primary teeth were higher in children who had a lower dietary intake of fluoride. There was a significant inverse association between dietary fluoride intake and the prevalence of dental caries. Conclusion The inverse association between dietary fluoride intake levels and prevalence of dental caries implies that the introduction of community caries prevention programmes may be beneficial. Such programmes would include water fluoridation and a fluoride supplementation programme.
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