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Muthu MS, Ganesh A, Anandan S, Thiruvengadam G, Padmanabhan R, Nuvvula S. Association of parent-reported timing of first tooth emergence and ECC: a secondary analysis of a case-control study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:561-567. [PMID: 38834890 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tooth eruption is a dynamic process. Appearance of any part of the cusp through gingiva may be a clinical marker of eruption. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a public health problem globally. This study aimed to assess the relationship between parent-reported timing of first tooth emergence and ECC in toddlers. METHODS This study is a secondary data analysis of 627 toddlers involved in a case-control study on sleep-time feeding practises in children. The children were categorised into four groups based on the parent-reported timing of first primary tooth emergence (G1-when the first primary tooth emerged before 6 months of age, G2-between 7 and 9 months; G3-10 to 12 months and G4-when the first primary tooth emerged after 12 months of age). Univariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between timing of first tooth emergence and ECC. RESULTS The mean age of the children was 24.4 ± 7.3 months (cases, that is children with ECC-25.4 ± 6.9 months, controls, that is children without ECC-23.6 ± 7.5 months). Of 60 children, whose first tooth erupted before 6 months of age, 35 (12%) were cases compared to 25(8%) controls. Amongst the cases, boys had more caries than girls (p < 0.05). Of the anterior teeth, 22% of the emerged teeth were decayed in the first group, followed by 19%, 16% and 10% in the second, third and fourth groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Analysis of the posterior teeth showed a lower percentage of decayed teeth with delayed emergence of the first primary tooth (p < 0.05). Children whose teeth emerged before 6 months of age had an odds ratio of 3.5 (95% CI 1.49, 8.42) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION This study concluded that the early emergence of the first primary tooth, as reported by the parent, was associated with an increased risk of developing ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Muthu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
- Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Ganesh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India.
| | - S Anandan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - G Thiruvengadam
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - R Padmanabhan
- Faculty of Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - S Nuvvula
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Nellore Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, India
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Asundaria RR, Patil SB. Early Childhood Caries and Its Association With Behavior in Preschool Children. Cureus 2024; 16:e58648. [PMID: 38770496 PMCID: PMC11103452 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Early childhood caries (ECC) is a profoundly impactful multifactorial condition that not only influences a child's overall well-being but also diminishes their quality of life. Given the limited availability of literature on the relationship between children's behavior and ECC, the present study utilized a standardized assessment tool to assess the association between ECC and behavioral changes in preschool children. Methodology Our study cohort consisted of 120 healthy preschool children, aged 18-60 months, evenly divided into two groups: caries-free (group I) and caries active (group II). Clinical features of ECC were meticulously inspected in each child, and the parents or caregivers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), which comprises 100 questions related to a child's daily behavior. The total scores, the narrow-band subscales, and raw scores were obtained. Accordingly, for each raw score, t-scores were obtained using the graphic display. These scores were then subjected to various statistical analyses including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman's rank correlation method. Results Results of the present study revealed that there were no significant differences in behavior based on demographic factors such as gender and age. However notable differences were observed in several aspects of behavior between the two groups. Conclusion Caries-active children exhibited significantly higher levels of behavioral problems compared to their caries-free counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shruthi B Patil
- Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Dental Science and Hospital, Dharwad, IND
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Saikia AM, Sivasubramanian A, Muthu MS, Ganesh A, Chandrasekaran K, Kirubakaran R. Herbal Mouthrinses for Prevention of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 17:S100-S111. [PMID: 39185265 PMCID: PMC11343992 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal mouthrinses (HMR) on caries prevention in children and adolescents. In addition, this systematic review assessed its effectiveness in remineralization of white spot lesions, reduction of halitosis, and improving gingival and periodontal health in orthodontic patients and patients with special healthcare needs (SHCN). A comprehensive bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, AMED, ProQuest, CINAHL, AYUSH, Digital Helpline for Ayurveda Research Articles (DHARA), and Clinical Trial Gov databases. A total of 3,918 titles were identified during the initial search. Of these, 32 studies were selected for quality assessment. A total of 5,038 participants from 10 countries were thus included in this review, with 22 (66.7%) studies conducted in India. All included studies were published between 2004 and 2021. Included studies investigated the effect of HMR on caries increments, which record decayed, missing, filled (DMF) [International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS)], decayed, missing, filled teeth/surfaces (DMFT/S), and incipient caries. Changes in bacterial count (Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus) and alterations in levels of Candida albicans from saliva or plaque samples were also reported. The effect of HMR on gingival and plaque indices among adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment and children with SHCN was reported in two studies. The variance in the HMR formula across studies, short follow-up period, and limiting grade of evidence do not allow for conclusive evidence of the efficacy of HMR. This warrants high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with longer intervention periods involving children under 6 years to yield more conclusive results. How to cite this article Saikia AM, Sivasubramanian A, MS M, et al. Herbal Mouthrinses for Prevention of Dental Caries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(S-1):S100-S111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita M Saikia
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER) (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abirami Sivasubramanian
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER) (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER) (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akila Ganesh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krithika Chandrasekaran
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Richard Kirubakaran
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre for Biostatistics and Evidence‑Based Medicine, Vellore, Tamil Nadu; Department of Research, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Manchanda S, Liu P, Lee GHM, Lo ECM, Yiu CKY. Risk Indicators for Noncavitated and Cavitated Carious Lesions in Preschool Children. Int Dent J 2023; 73:738-745. [PMID: 37085388 PMCID: PMC10509421 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk indicators associated with noncavitated and cavitated lesions in preschool children. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 3- to 4-year-old healthy children (N = 741) recruited in a randomised controlled clinical trial. After obtaining written informed consent, parents completed a questionnaire about their child's sociodemographic background and oral health-related behaviours and parents' oral health-related knowledge and attitude. Caries and plaque were evaluated using International Caries Detection and Assessment System-II and Visible Plaque Index (VPI), respectively. Children were grouped according to their oral health status as being caries-free (CF), having only noncavitated lesions (NC), or having cavitated lesions (CL). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) sparse multinomial regression was used to study the variables using 1 standard error above the minimum criterion set at P < .05. RESULTS The prevalence of children with NC and CL was 29.1% and 49.4%, respectively, with a prevalence of early childhood caries being 78.5%. The proportion of children who brushed twice or more than twice a day was highest in CF (71.7%), followed by NC (58.3%), and was least in CL (57.7%). A higher percentage of CL children (56.2%) had twice or more than twice the frequency of between-meal snacking than CF (41.7%) and NC (41.1%) (P < .001) children. The variables included with non-zero coefficients in the model were mean parental oral health knowledge, attitude score, and children's mean VPI score, and all were significant for CL; however, in NC, only VPI score was found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS Poor oral hygiene is the risk indicator associated with the presence of NC in preschool children, whilst poor oral hygiene and poor parental oral health knowledge and attitude are associated with the presence of cavitated lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Manchanda
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pei Liu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gillian Hiu Man Lee
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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Alkhtib AO, Mohamed HG. Current knowledge about early childhood caries in the gulf cooperation council with worldwide reflection: Scoping review of the scientific literature (2010-2021). PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001228. [PMID: 36962836 PMCID: PMC10021236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent chronic childhood diseases affecting the primary teeth of children younger than 6 years of age. The disease etiology is complex and includes social, biological, and dietary factors. This review aims to explore the knowledge of ECC prevalence globally and locally within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries during the years 2010-2021. Another aim is to explore oral health promotion programs with more focus on the GCC region. A search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Scopus, the Cochrane Collaboration database, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2021 using specific keywords. Studies that utilized both the World Health Organization criteria and International Caries Detection and Assessment System for dental caries assessment were included. The included studies indicated considerable variation in the reported prevalence of ECC. While developed countries show low prevalence, countries in the GCC and other Arab countries show a high prevalence of ECC. Many oral health promotion programs were identified globally including oral health education, nutritional programs, the use of fluoride and pit-and-fissure sealants, and inter-professional population-based oral health promotion and prevention programs such as school-based oral health programs, motivational interviewing, and anticipatory guidance. ECC remains a significant problem in many parts of the world including the GCC region. Oral health prevention programs have been established within the GCC region. Nevertheless, the GCC region has some unique characteristics that need to be investigated to contextualize the western model of the dynamics of ECC prevention and promotion programs locally.
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Kashyap PR, Kaur M, Mahadevan G. Prevalence of white spot lesions in children up to 71 months of age in Gujarat state. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:16-21. [PMID: 37282407 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_64_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The earliest sign of a new carious lesion is the appearance of chalky white spots on the surface of the tooth, indicating an area of demineralization of enamel. At this stage, the demineralization process can be reversed or arrested. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of white spot lesions (WSLs) among children up to 71 months in Gujarat state and to increase awareness among parents about its various preventive measures. Materials and Methods Oral examination was done using the mouth mirror and tongue depressor. The prevalence of WSL was recorded using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II coding and WSL index by Gorelick. Results The overall prevalence of WSL was 31.8% (n = 2025) in Gujarat state. The parents of the participating children explained the various preventive measures to prevent decay followed by diet counseling and toothbrushing techniques. Conclusion Knowledge of the actual prevalence of WSL will help in the implementation of appropriate and timely preventive measures required to decrease the incidence of early childhood caries in that region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka R Kashyap
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ganesh Mahadevan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Yadav SP, Meghpara M, Marwah N, Nigam AG, Godhani S, Chalana S. Association of Early Childhood Caries with Feeding, Dietary Habits, and Oral Hygiene Practices among Rural and Urban School Children of Jaipur. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:273-279. [PMID: 35991783 PMCID: PMC9357528 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Satya P Yadav
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mili Meghpara
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Mili Meghpara, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, Phone: +91 9904025363, e-mail:
| | - Nikhil Marwah
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anant G Nigam
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shubham Godhani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Daswani Dental College and Research Centre, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Srishty Chalana
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Aarthi J, Muthu MS, Kirthiga M, Kailasam V. Modified OXIS classification for primary canines. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:130. [PMID: 35975272 PMCID: PMC9358489 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17775.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A new classification called OXIS was proposed for categorising the interproximal contacts of primary molars, and its prevalence was established. The aim of this study was to establish the variations in interproximal contacts of primary canines and thereby modify the OXIS classification of primary molars to primary canines. Additionally, we aimed to estimate the applicability of modifications to primary anterior teeth. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with sectional die models obtained from a previous study of 1,090 caries-free children. Two calibrated examiners evaluated a total of 4,674 contacts from the occlusal aspect. The contacts were scored according to the former OXIS classification, with two modifications incorporated to encompass the morphological differences and rotations of primary canines and other primary anterior teeth. Results: The most prevalent contact was O (62.1%), followed by X (19.6%), I (12.6%), S type I (4.1%), and S type II (1.6%). Inter-arch comparison by means of the Chi-square test revealed significant differences for all types of contacts (
P < .001). Conclusions: The interproximal contacts of canines were categorised as O, X, I, S I, and S II. The OXIS classification of primary molars was modified to befit the variations in primary canines. This study showed the presence of different types of contacts in primary canines. Identification of these contacts and their complexity has warranted a need for this to be studied as an inherent risk factor for caries risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aarthi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600100, India
| | - MS Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 20550, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Kirthiga
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Vignesh Kailasam
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
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Gudipaneni RK, Alkuwaykibi AS, Ganji KK, Bandela V, Karobari MI, Hsiao CY, Kulkarni S, Thambar S. Assessment of caries diagnostic thresholds of DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST in the estimation of caries prevalence rate in first permanent molars in early permanent dentition-a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:133. [PMID: 35443630 PMCID: PMC9022274 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actual burden of dental caries prevalence varies with the caries assessment tool used. Therefore, the present study evaluated the caries diagnostic potentials of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT); International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II and Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) indices in estimating the caries prevalence rate of first permanent molar (FPM) in Saudi male children aged 7–9 years. Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 390 children by multistage stratified cluster sampling method in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia. The prevalence rates of FPM caries were determined by DMFT, ICDAS II and CAST indices at various diagnostic cut-off points. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was determined. Results The prevalence rates of FPM caries determined by DMFT (decayed), ICDAS II (codes 1–6) and CAST (codes 3–7) were 64.4% (61.6–67.2), 71.5% (69.2–73.2) and 71.0% (68.7–73.3), respectively. The prevalence rates of FPM caries determined by ICDAS II at various diagnostic cut-offs were as follows: ‘sound’ (code ‘0’), 28.5% (26.3–30.8); ‘enamel caries’ (codes 1–3), 57.2% (54.7–59.7) and ‘dentinal caries’ (codes 4–6), 14.3% (12.6–16.1). Similarly, the prevalence rates estimated by CAST at different diagnostic cut-off points were: ‘healthy’ (scores 0–2), 28.1% (25.9–30.4); ‘premorbid’ (score 3, enamel carious), 56.5% (54.0–59.0); ‘morbid’ (scores 4–5, cavitated carious dentin), 7.9% (6.6–9.3); ‘severe morbidity’ (scores 6–7, pulp exposure/fistula/abscess), 6.6% (5.4–8.1) and ‘mortality’ (score 8, lost), 0.8% (0.4–1.4). Conclusion Enamel caries lesions were found in more than half of the FPMs investigated in the current study. CAST index is preferable because it detects the complete spectrum of caries. ICDAS II at codes 1–6 and CAST at codes 3–7 projected similar caries prevalence rates in FPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Gudipaneni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Saud Alkuwaykibi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Kumar Ganji
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinod Bandela
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.,Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, 12211, Cambodia
| | - Chih-Yi Hsiao
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sachin Kulkarni
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Samuel Thambar
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Aarthi J, Muthu MS, Kirthiga M, Kailasam V. Modified OXIS classification for primary canines. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:130. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17775.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A new classification called OXIS was proposed for categorising the interproximal contacts of primary molars, and its prevalence was established. The aim of this study was to establish the variations in interproximal contacts of primary canines and thereby modify the OXIS classification of primary molars to primary canines. Additionally, we aimed to estimate the applicability of modifications to primary anterior teeth. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with sectional die models obtained from a previous study of 1,090 caries-free children. Two calibrated examiners evaluated a total of 4,674 contacts from the occlusal aspect. The contacts were scored according to the former OXIS classification, with two modifications incorporated to encompass the morphological differences and rotations of primary canines and other primary anterior teeth. Results: The most prevalent contact was O (62.1%), followed by X (19.6%), I (12.6%), S type I (4.1%), and S type II (1.6%). Inter-arch comparison by means of the Chi-square test revealed significant differences for all types of contacts (P < .001). Conclusions: The interproximal contacts of canines were categorised as O, X, I, S I, and S II. The OXIS classification of primary molars was modified to befit the variations in primary canines. This study showed the presence of different types of contacts in primary canines. Identification of these contacts and their complexity has warranted a need for this to be studied as an inherent risk factor for caries risk assessment.
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11
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Kumar P, Patnana A, Chugh A, Chugh V, Rathore K, Solanki I. Caries experience scores revisited for caries risk assessment using cariogram model – A cross-sectional study. Indian J Dent Res 2022; 33:135-140. [DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_244_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Abirami S, Panchanadikar NT, Muthu MS, Swaminathan K, Vignesh KC, Agarwal A, Kirubakaran R. Dental Caries Experience among Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: An Umbrella Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:S261-S268. [PMID: 35645513 PMCID: PMC9108836 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective To assess the systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the dental caries experience in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Study design and methodology A systematic search was carried out from MEDLINE Via PubMed, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, EMBASE, OVID, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, and Epistemonikos databases. Two independent reviewers carried out the collection and analysis of the study data. Methodological quality was assessed by ROBIS (Risk of bias assessment in systematic review) tool. Review results An initial search of electronic databases yielded a total of 25 relevant reviews, of which only three systematic reviews were taken into consideration for qualitative synthesis. The total number of unique primary studies among the three included systematic reviews were 25, of which overlap of the studies was calculated using citation matrix. The corrected covered area (CCA) was estimated to be 0.26. Based on the ROBIS tool, only one systematic review reported with low risk of bias. Conclusion Individuals with CL/P report more decayed, missing, or filled teeth/surfaces than those without CL/P in primary, mixed, and permanent dentition. Future studies should focus on the factors which could modify the caries risk of an individual with CL/P. Clinical significance This umbrella review offers a more reliable and balanced view regarding the dental caries experience among individuals with cleft lip and/or palate. This paper also highlights the important role of pediatric dentist in multidisciplinary health care team in implementing first dental visit and anticipatory guidance to consider early diagnosis and specific preventive interventions for Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in individuals with CL/P. How to cite this article Abirami S, Panchanadikar NT, Muthu MS, et al. Dental Caries Experience among Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: An Umbrella Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S261-S268.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abirami
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noopur Tushar Panchanadikar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - MS Muthu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kavitha Swaminathan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - KC Vignesh
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amit Agarwal
- Department of Telemedicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Richard Kirubakaran
- Department of Biostatistics, BVMC, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Abirami S, Panchanadikar N, Muthu MS, Balasubramanian S, Murthy J, Mohan A, Haridoss S, Subbalekshmi T. Effect of Sustained Interventions from Infancy to Toddlerhood in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate for Preventing Early Childhood Caries. Caries Res 2021; 55:554-562. [PMID: 34293739 DOI: 10.1159/000517210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of sustained interventions in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) for preventing early childhood caries (ECC). This prospective, nonrandomized interventional cohort study was conducted in infants aged 0-12 months with congenital CLP. Interventions were given to parents/primary caregivers in the form of combined oral health-care measures (sterile wet gauze piece, finger brush, toothbrush, and toothpaste) by a motivational interviewing approach. Education of primary caregivers on oral hygiene was provided by audiovisual aids and demonstration. Reinforcement of the prescribed regimen was done through daily short message services in caregivers' preferred language and bimonthly telephone calls. Participants were followed up for 9-32 months from the time of recruitment, with a mean period of 18.3 ± 5.1 months. Rates of dental caries were represented as prevalence rates, incidence density, and transitional probability. The distribution of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores on different tooth surfaces affected in the intervention group was compared descriptively with that of the age- and sex-matched historical control groups. On analysis of surface-wise distribution of the ICDAS scores in the intervention group (n = 1,919), 1.2% (n = 24) had noncavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 1 and 2), 0.88% (n = 17) had cavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 3-6), and 0.26% (n = 5) had both cavitated and noncavitated lesions (ICDAS codes 1-6). The incidence density of caries-affected children observed at the first and last follow-ups was 1.2 persons/100 person-months and 1.3 persons/100 person-months of observation, respectively. The incidence density of new caries-affected tooth surfaces at the first and last follow-ups was 0.163 surfaces/100 surface-months and 0.062 surfaces/100 surface-months, respectively. Maxillary first molars had the maximum transition from sound to the cavitated lesion (11.5%), followed by maxillary incisors from sound to noncavitated (7.5%) at the last follow-up. Based on the newly developed assessment criteria in our study, sustained interventions proved to be significantly effective in preventing ECC in children with CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasubramanian Abirami
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Noopur Panchanadikar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Murugan Satta Muthu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Head, Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.,Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Jyotsna Murthy
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Anusha Mohan
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Selvakumar Haridoss
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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14
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Bhavyaa R, Sujitha P, Muthu MS, Kirthiga M. Prevalence of Cusp of Carabelli and its caries susceptibility – an ambidirectional cohort study. Aust Dent J 2020; 65:294-301. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Bhavyaa
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - P Sujitha
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - MS Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe) Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - M Kirthiga
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry Faculty of Dental Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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15
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Kazeminia M, Abdi A, Shohaimi S, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Salari N, Mohammadi M. Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Face Med 2020; 16:22. [PMID: 33023617 PMCID: PMC7541284 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-020-00237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is a type of dental caries in the teeth of infants and children that is represented as one of the most prevalent dental problems in this period. Various studies have reported different types of prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children worldwide. However, there has been no comprehensive study to summarize the results of these studies in general, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world during a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods In this review study, articles were extracted by searching in the national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) between 1995 and December 2019. Random effects model was used for analysis and heterogeneity of studies was evaluated by using the I2 index. Data were analyzed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2) software. Findings In this study, a total of 164 articles (81 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth and 83 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth) were entered the meta-analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 80,405 was 46.2% (95% CI: 41.6–50.8%), and the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 1,454,871 was 53.8% (95% CI: 50–57.5%). Regarding the heterogeneity on the basis of meta-regression analysis, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world. With increasing the sample size and the year of study, dental caries in primary teeth increased and in permanent teeth decreased. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the prevalence of primary and permanent dental caries in children in the world was found to be high. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be implemented to improve the aforementioned situation and to troubleshoot and monitor at all levels by providing feedback to hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Kazeminia
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rostam Jalali
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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16
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Frencken JE, Giacaman RA, Leal SC. An assessment of three contemporary dental caries epidemiological instruments: a critical review. Br Dent J 2020; 228:25-31. [DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-1081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Martignon S, Cortes A, Gómez SI, Castiblanco GA, Baquero X, Franco-Triviño AM, Palacio-Benavides JC, Gamboa LF, Villena RS. How Long does it Take to Examine Young Children with the Caries ICDAS System and how do they Respond? Braz Dent J 2019; 29:374-380. [PMID: 30462764 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A caries-epidemiological study using the ICDASepi-merged system was conducted in Colombian young children. This study aimed at associating the time needed for the clinical examination of caries and caries risk in 1 to 5-year-old children according to age and caries risk, and to assess behavior and child pain self-perception during examination according to age. After IRB approval and given parents/caregivers' informed consent, seven trained examiners assessed 1 to 5-year olds in kindergartens under local field conditions. ICDASepi-merged caries experience (depiMEmf) was assessed as follows: Initial-depi (ICDAS 1/2 without air-drying); Moderate-dM (ICDAS 3,4); Extensive-dE (ICDAS 5,6) lesions; due-to-caries fillings-f and missing-m surfaces/teeth. Caries risk was assessed with Cariogram®. Child's behavior (Frankl-Behavior-Rating-Scale) and self-perceived pain (Visual-Analogue-Scale-of-Faces) during examination were evaluated. Clinical examination time was recorded with a stopwatch. A total of 592 children participated (1-yr.: n=31; 2-yrs.: n=96; 3-yrs.: n=155; 4-yrs.: n=209, 5-yrs.: n=101). The depiMEmfs prevalence was of 79.9% and the mean 8.4±10.4. Most were high-caries-risk children (68.9%). The majority (58.9%) showed ≥ positive-behavior and ≤ light-pain self-perception (88.4%). Mean clinical examination time was around 3.5 minutes (216.9±133.9 seconds). For 5-yr. olds it corresponded to 4 minutes (240.4±145.0 seconds) vs. 2 minutes (122.8±80.1 seconds) for 1-yr. olds (Kruskal-Wallis; p=0.00). For high- and low-caries risk children it was around 4.3 minutes (255.7±118.5 seconds) and 3.3 minutes (201.3±129.4 seconds), respectively (ANOVA; p=0.01). This study demonstrates using the ICDAS system in young children is feasible, taking less than 4 minutes for the clinical examination without children behavior/pain self-perception issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Martignon
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Vice-rectory, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia.,Dental Innovation and Translation Centre, King's College Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Andrea Cortes
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Vice-rectory, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Soledad Isabel Gómez
- CIO - Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Javeriana University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Ximena Baquero
- Dental Faculty, Javeriana University, Bogotá, Colombia.,Paediatric Dentistry Specialization Program, Dental Faculty, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Luis Fernando Gamboa
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Vice-rectory, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
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18
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Ganesh A, Muthu MS, Mohan A, Kirubakaran R. Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in India - A Systematic Review. Indian J Pediatr 2019; 86:276-286. [PMID: 30284117 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a serious public health problem in developed as well as developing nations, with high prevalence among children around the world. This systematic review of the national literature was undertaken to document the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries. Studies evaluating the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in the Indian population were investigated. The method under evaluation was the use of a caries experience index to calculate the prevalence of ECC. An extensive literature search was done in the following databases: PubMed, IndMED and Cochrane upto June 2016. A modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies was used for assessment of the quality of the studies. A systematic literature search yielded 503 publications from the various databases searched. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final number of included studies were 54. Among the included studies, 19 studies were carried out in the state of Karnataka. Analysis of all the included studies revealed the overall prevalence of ECC in India to be 49.6%. Andhra Pradesh was found to have the highest prevalence of ECC at 63%, and the lowest prevalence was reported in Sikkim (41.92%). This review has reported a high prevalence of ECC in India. None of the states reported prevalence below 40%. The government should identify ECC as a national priority which requires significant attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Ganesh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India.
| | - Anusha Mohan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Richard Kirubakaran
- South Asian Cochrane Centre, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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ElSalhy M, Ali U, Lai H, Flores-Mir C, Amin M. Caries reporting in studies that used the International Caries Detection and Assessment System: A scoping review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 47:92-102. [PMID: 30334280 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how caries was reported in studies that employed the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). METHODS A systematic database search up to August 2017 was carried out using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane library and ISI Web of Science electronic databases. Only studies that used the ICDAS for dental caries examinations were included. Studies were excluded if the examination was done only for the validation or the calibration of the ICDAS and/or if the examination was not done for the whole dentition. Measures used to report caries were considered. RESULTS A total of 126 papers met the inclusion criteria. Forty-four different synthesis measures were used to report caries. Most of the studies used a combination of multiple measures to report patient's caries level. These reporting measures cluster into four main groups: the number of individual ICDAS scores (ie, total counts of every score); the number of decayed surfaces/teeth (ie, total counts of combined caries scores for surfaces or teeth); measures of caries experience (ie, total counts of combined caries scores, filled and/or missing surfaces or teeth); and measures of central tendency and dispersion. The number of decayed surfaces and individual ICDAS scores were the most commonly used measures. Three studies used mean ICDAS score (ie, total ICDAS scores divided by the number of teeth), two used mean ICDAS score of carious teeth (ie, total ICDAS scores divided by the number of carious teeth) and two used the maximum ICDAS score (ie, highest ICDAS score recorded). The total ICDAS score was used only once. Many studies synthesized from the ICDAS the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth/surfaces (dmft/DMFT, dmfs/DMFS) as a measure of caries experience. CONCLUSIONS There are variations among studies in the utilization of the system to summarize caries. Most studies presented caries data using the categorical characteristics of the ICDAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed ElSalhy
- College of Dental Medicine, University of New England, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Ussama Ali
- Georgian College of Applied Arts and Technology, Barrie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hollis Lai
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores-Mir
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maryam Amin
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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