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Lázari C, Riva-Rossi C, Ciancio J, Pascual M, Clemento AJ, Pearse DE, Garza JC. Ancestry and genetic structure of resident and anadromous rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Argentina. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1972-1989. [PMID: 38556852 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the first introduction from North America more than a century ago, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have rapidly established self-sustaining populations in major river basins of Patagonia. Many generations later, only the freshwater resident life history is expressed in the Chubut and Negro rivers of northern Argentinian Patagonia, whereas both the resident and anadromous life histories are found in the Santa Cruz River of southern Argentina. Despite previous studies that have tried to identify the sources of these introduced populations, uncertainty still exists. Here we combined data from many single-nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellite loci in O. mykiss populations from Argentina and North America to evaluate putative source populations, gene flow between Argentinian river basins, and genetic diversity differences between Argentinian and North American populations. We found that populations from northern and southern Patagonia are highly differentiated and have limited gene flow between them. Phylogeographic analysis also confirmed that they have separate origins, with the northern populations most closely related to the domesticated rainbow trout strains that are raised worldwide and the Santa Cruz River populations most closely related to North American populations from California and Oregon that have an anadromous component. In addition, fish with different life histories in the Santa Cruz River were found to constitute a single interbreeding population. No evidence was found of reduced genetic variation in introduced rainbow trout, suggesting multiple contributing sources. In spite of these advances in understanding, significant questions remain regarding the origins and evolution of the introduced O. mykiss in Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lázari
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Carla Riva-Rossi
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Javier Ciancio
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Miguel Pascual
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Anthony J Clemento
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Devon E Pearse
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - John Carlos Garza
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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2
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Jossie E, Seaborn T, Baxter CV, Burnham M. Using social-ecological models to explore stream connectivity outcomes for stakeholders and Yellowstone cutthroat trout. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2915. [PMID: 37635644 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing interest in conservation and re-establishment of ecological connectivity, few studies have explored its context-specific social-ecological outcomes. We aimed to explore social and ecological outcomes to changing stream connectivity for both stakeholders and native fish species impacted by habitat fragmentation and nonnative species. We (1) investigated stakeholder perceptions of the drivers and outcomes of stream connectivity, and (2) evaluated the effects of stakeholder-identified connectivity and nonnative species scenarios on Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT) populations. Our study was conducted in the Teton River, Idaho, USA. We integrated two modeling approaches, mental modeling and individual-based ecological modeling, to explore social-ecological outcomes for stakeholders and YCT populations. Aggregation of mental models revealed an emergent pattern of increasing complexity as more types of stakeholders were considered, as well as gaps and linkages among different stakeholder knowledge areas. These results highlight the importance of knowledge sharing among stakeholders when making decisions about connectivity. Additionally, the results from the individual-based models suggested that the potential for a large, migratory life history form of YCT, in addition to self-preference mating where they overlap with rainbow trout, had the strongest effects on outcomes for YCT. Exploring social and ecological drivers and outcomes to changing connectivity is useful for anticipating and adapting to unintended outcomes, as well as making decisions for desirable outcomes. The results from this study can contribute to the management dialogue surrounding stream connectivity in the Teton River, as well as to our understanding of connectivity conservation and its outcomes more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Jossie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| | - Travis Seaborn
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Colden V Baxter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| | - Morey Burnham
- Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Criminology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
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3
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Dysin AP, Shcherbakov YS, Nikolaeva OA, Terletskii VP, Tyshchenko VI, Dementieva NV. Salmonidae Genome: Features, Evolutionary and Phylogenetic Characteristics. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122221. [PMID: 36553488 PMCID: PMC9778375 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The salmon family is one of the most iconic and economically important fish families, primarily possessing meat of excellent taste as well as irreplaceable nutritional and biological value. One of the most common and, therefore, highly significant members of this family, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), was not without reason one of the first fish species for which a high-quality reference genome assembly was produced and published. Genomic advancements are becoming increasingly essential in both the genetic enhancement of farmed salmon and the conservation of wild salmon stocks. The salmon genome has also played a significant role in influencing our comprehension of the evolutionary and functional ramifications of the ancestral whole-genome duplication event shared by all Salmonidae species. Here we provide an overview of the current state of research on the genomics and phylogeny of the various most studied subfamilies, genera, and individual salmonid species, focusing on those studies that aim to advance our understanding of salmonid ecology, physiology, and evolution, particularly for the purpose of improving aquaculture production. This review should make potential researchers pay attention to the current state of research on the salmonid genome, which should potentially attract interest in this important problem, and hence the application of new technologies (such as genome editing) in uncovering the genetic and evolutionary features of salmoniforms that underlie functional variation in traits of commercial and scientific importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem P. Dysin
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Pushkin, 196601 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuri S. Shcherbakov
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Pushkin, 196601 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga A. Nikolaeva
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Pushkin, 196601 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valerii P. Terletskii
- All-Russian Research Veterinary Institute of Poultry Science-Branch of the Federal Scientific Center, All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute (ARRVIPS), Lomonosov, 198412 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valentina I. Tyshchenko
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Pushkin, 196601 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Dementieva
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Pushkin, 196601 St. Petersburg, Russia
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4
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Jiang S, Jaggi H, Zuo W, Oli MK, Coulson T, Gaillard JM, Tuljapurkar S. Reproductive dispersion and damping time scale with life-history speed. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1999-2008. [PMID: 35925997 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Iteroparous species may reproduce at many different ages, resulting in a reproductive dispersion that affects the damping of population perturbations, and varies among life histories. Since generation time ( T c $$ {T}_c $$ ) is known to capture aspects of life-history variation, such as life-history speed, does T c $$ {T}_c $$ also determine reproductive dispersion ( S $$ S $$ ) or damping time ( τ $$ \tau $$ )? Using phylogenetically corrected analyses on 633 species of animals and plants, we find, firstly, that reproductive dispersion S $$ S $$ scales isometrically with T c $$ {T}_c $$ . Secondly, and unexpectedly, we find that the damping time ( τ $$ \tau $$ ) does not scale isometrically with generation time, but instead changes only as T c b $$ {T}_c^b $$ with b < 1 $$ b<1 $$ (also, there is a similar scaling with S $$ S $$ ). This non-isometric scaling implies a novel demographic contrast: increasing generation times correspond to a proportional increase in reproductive dispersion, but only to a slower increase in the damping time. Thus, damping times are partly decoupled from the slow-fast continuum, and are determined by factors other than allometric constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Jiang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Harman Jaggi
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wenyun Zuo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Madan K Oli
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
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5
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Adams CE, Chavarie L, Rodger JR, Honkanen HM, Thambithurai D, Newton MP. An opinion piece: the evolutionary and ecological consequences of changing selection pressures on marine migration in Atlantic salmon. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:860-867. [PMID: 35212396 PMCID: PMC9311443 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are strong signals that the selection forces favouring the expression of long-distance sea migration by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are changing. Unlike many other behavioural traits, the costs of migration are incurred before any fitness benefits become apparent to the migrant. The expression of this behaviour has thus been shaped by selection forces over multiple generations and cannot respond to short interval (within a single generation) environmental change as many other behavioural traits can. Here we provide a framework to examine the evolutionary and ecological consequences of a sustained increase in migration cost. We argue that Atlantic salmon may have entered an evolutionary trap, where long-distance sea migration has become maladaptive because of shifting environmental conditions. We predict that if higher migration costs (affecting survivorship and ultimately fitness) persist, then shifting selection pressures will result in continuing declines in population size. We suggest, however, that in some populations there is demonstrable capacity for evolutionary rescue responses within the species which is to be found in the variation in the expression of migration. Under a scenario of low to moderate change in the selection forces that previously promoted migration, we argue that disruptive, sex-based selection would result in partial migration, where females retain sea migration but with anadromy loss predominantly in males. With more acute selection forces, anadromy may be strongly selected against, under these conditions both sexes may become freshwater resident. We suggest that as the migration costs appear to be higher in catchments with standing waters, then this outcome is more likely in such systems. We also speculate that as a result of the genetic structuring in this species, not all populations may have the capacity to respond adequately to change. The consequences of this for the species and its management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin E. Adams
- Scottish Centre for Ecology & the Natural EnvironmentInstitute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, RowardennanGlasgowUK
| | - Louise Chavarie
- Scottish Centre for Ecology & the Natural EnvironmentInstitute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, RowardennanGlasgowUK
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementThe Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Jessica R. Rodger
- Atlantic Salmon Trust FellowScottish Centre for Ecology & the Natural Environment, Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, RowardennanGlasgowUK
| | - Hannele M. Honkanen
- Scottish Centre for Ecology & the Natural EnvironmentInstitute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, RowardennanGlasgowUK
| | - Davide Thambithurai
- Atlantic Salmon Trust FellowScottish Centre for Ecology & the Natural Environment, Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, RowardennanGlasgowUK
| | - Matthew P. Newton
- Scottish Centre for Ecology & the Natural EnvironmentInstitute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, RowardennanGlasgowUK
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6
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Grenier G, Smalås A, Kjær R, Knudsen R. Environmentally Modulated Repeat Evolution of Polymorphic Arctic Charr Life History Traits. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.771309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympatric Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L. 1758), morphs have flexible but repeated life history strategies tested across five Norwegian lakes. In several Scandinavian polymorphic Arctic charr populations differentiated by their diet and habitat use, a large littoral omnivorous (LO) morph commonly cooccurs with a smaller profundal spawning (PB/PZ) morph. A third, large piscivorous (PP) morph is also known to occur within a portion of Arctic charr populations in the profundal habitat along with the PB/PZ individuals. Life history traits, such as age at maturity, growth, and diet are known to differ among coexisting morphs. Notably, the PP morph was the longest morph with the oldest age at maturity while the PB/PZ morph showed the shortest lengths overall and youngest age with LO morph being intermediate in both traits. Growth parameters differed across all the morphs. When examining growth within morph groups, the LO morph was found to have different growth across all lakes, while similar reproductive investments and different energy acquisition patterns were seen within the PB/PZ and PP morphs. These results suggest repeat evolution in several life history strategies of reproductively isolated Arctic charr sympatric morphs, notably for the first time in the PP morph, while also highlighting the importance of the local environment in modulating life history traits.
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7
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Koch IJ, Narum SR. An evaluation of the potential factors affecting lifetime reproductive success in salmonids. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1929-1957. [PMID: 34429740 PMCID: PMC8372082 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifetime reproductive success (LRS), the number of offspring produced over an organism's lifetime, is a fundamental component of Darwinian fitness. For taxa such as salmonids with multiple species of conservation concern, understanding the factors affecting LRS is critical for the development and implementation of successful conservation management practices. Here, we reviewed the published literature to synthesize factors affecting LRS in salmonids including significant effects of hatchery rearing, life history, and phenotypic variation, and behavioral and spawning interactions. Additionally, we found that LRS is affected by competitive behavior on the spawning grounds, genetic compatibility, local adaptation, and hybridization. Our review of existing literature revealed limitations of LRS studies, and we emphasize the following areas that warrant further attention in future research: (1) expanding the range of studies assessing LRS across different life-history strategies, specifically accounting for distinct reproductive and migratory phenotypes; (2) broadening the variety of species represented in salmonid fitness studies; (3) constructing multigenerational pedigrees to track long-term fitness effects; (4) conducting LRS studies that investigate the effects of aquatic stressors, such as anthropogenic effects, pathogens, environmental factors in both freshwater and marine environments, and assessing overall body condition, and (5) utilizing appropriate statistical approaches to determine the factors that explain the greatest variation in fitness and providing information regarding biological significance, power limitations, and potential sources of error in salmonid parentage studies. Overall, this review emphasizes that studies of LRS have profoundly advanced scientific understanding of salmonid fitness, but substantial challenges need to be overcome to assist with long-term recovery of these keystone species in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana J. Koch
- Columbia River Inter‐Tribal Fish CommissionHagermanIDUSA
| | - Shawn R. Narum
- Columbia River Inter‐Tribal Fish CommissionHagermanIDUSA
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8
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Nemova NN, Kantserova NP, Lysenko LA. The Traits of Protein Metabolism in
the Skeletal Muscle of Teleost Fish. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Pauly D. The gill-oxygen limitation theory (GOLT) and its critics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eabc6050. [PMID: 33523964 PMCID: PMC7787657 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The gill-oxygen limitation theory (GOLT) provides mechanisms for key aspects of the biology (food conversion efficiency, growth and its response to temperature, the timing of maturation, and others) of water-breathing ectotherms (WBEs). The GOLT's basic tenet is that the surface area of the gills or other respiratory surfaces of WBE cannot, as two-dimensional structures, supply them with sufficient oxygen to keep up with the growth of their three-dimensional bodies. Thus, a lower relative oxygen supply induces sexual maturation, and later a slowing and cessation of growth, along with an increase of physiological processes relying on glycolytic enzymes and a declining role of oxidative enzymes. Because the "dimensional tension" underlying this argument is widely misunderstood, emphasis is given to a detailed refutation of objections to the GOLT. This theory still needs to be put on a solid quantitative basis, which will occur after the misconceptions surrounding it are put to rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pauly
- Sea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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10
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Two centuries of monarch butterfly collections reveal contrasting effects of range expansion and migration loss on wing traits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28887-28893. [PMID: 33139548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001283117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Migratory animals exhibit traits that allow them to exploit seasonally variable habitats. In environments where migration is no longer beneficial, such as oceanic islands, migration-association traits may be selected against or be under relaxed selection. Monarch butterflies are best known for their continent-scale migration in North America but have repeatedly become established as nonmigrants in the tropical Americas and on Atlantic and Pacific Islands. These replicated nonmigratory populations provide natural laboratories for understanding the rate of evolution of migration-associated traits. We measured >6,000 museum specimens of monarch butterflies collected from 1856 to the present as well as contemporary wild-caught monarchs from around the world. We determined 1) how wing morphology varies across the monarch's global range, 2) whether initial long-distance founders were particularly suited for migration, and 3) whether recently established nonmigrants show evidence for contemporary phenotypic evolution. We further reared >1,000 monarchs from six populations around the world under controlled conditions and measured migration-associated traits. Historical specimens show that 1) initial founders are well suited for long-distance movement and 2) loss of seasonal migration is associated with reductions in forewing size and elongation. Monarch butterflies raised in a common garden from four derived nonmigratory populations exhibit genetically based reductions in forewing size, consistent with a previous study. Our findings provide a compelling example of how migration-associated traits may be favored during the early stages of range expansion, and also the rate of reductions in those same traits upon loss of migration.
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11
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Jhwueng DC. Modeling rate of adaptive trait evolution using Cox–Ingersoll–Ross process: An Approximate Bayesian Computation approach. Comput Stat Data Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2020.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Tucker EK, Zurliene ME, Suski CD, Nowak RA. Gonad development and reproductive hormones of invasive silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the Illinois River. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:647-659. [PMID: 31711164 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is a major component of an animal's life history strategy. Species with plasticity in their reproductive biology are likely to be successful as an invasive species, as they can adapt their reproductive effort during various phases of a biological invasion. Silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix), an invasive cyprinid in North America, display wide variation in reproductive strategies across both their native and introduced ranges, though the specifics of silver carp reproduction in the Illinois River have not been established. We assessed reproductive status using histological and endocrinological methods in silver carp between April and October 2018, with additional histological data from August to October 2017. Here, we show that female silver carp are batch spawners with asynchronous, indeterminate oocyte recruitment, while male silver carp utilize a determinate pattern of spermatogenesis which ceases in the early summer. High plasma testosterone levels in females could be responsible for regulating oocyte development. Our results suggest that silver carp have high spawning activity in the early summer (May-June), but outside of the peak spawning period, female silver carp can maintain spawning-capable status by adjusting rates of gametogenesis and atresia in response to environmental conditions, while males regress their gonads as early as July. The results of this study are compared to reports of silver carp reproduction in other North American rivers as well as in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Tucker
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Megan E Zurliene
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Cory D Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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13
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Eckerström‐Liedholm S, Sowersby W, Morozov S, Bijl W, Rowiński PK, Gonzalez‐Voyer A, Rogell B. Macroevolutionary evidence suggests trait‐dependent coevolution between behavior and life‐history. Evolution 2019; 73:2312-2323. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Will Sowersby
- Department of ZoologyStockholm University 114 18 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of Helsinki P.O. Box 65 FIN‐00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Wouter Bijl
- Department of ZoologyStockholm University 114 18 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | | | - Alejandro Gonzalez‐Voyer
- Department of ZoologyStockholm University 114 18 Stockholm Sweden
- Instituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Apartado Postal 70–275, Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Cd México Mexico
| | - Björn Rogell
- Department of ZoologyStockholm University 114 18 Stockholm Sweden
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14
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Yokouchi K, Daverat F, Miller MJ, Fukuda N, Sudo R, Tsukamoto K, Elie P, Poole WR. Growth potential can affect timing of maturity in a long-lived semelparous fish. Biol Lett 2019; 14:rsbl.2018.0269. [PMID: 29997187 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2018.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diadromous fishes such as salmon and eels that move between freshwater and the ocean have evolved semelparous reproductive strategies, but both groups display considerable plasticity in characteristics. Factors such as population density and growth, predation risk or reproduction cost have been found to influence timing of maturation. We investigated the relationship between female size at maturity and individual growth trajectories of the long-lived semelparous European eel, Anguilla anguilla A Bayesian model was applied to 338 individual growth trajectories of maturing migration-stage female silver eels from France, Ireland, the Netherlands and Hungary. The results clearly showed that when growth rates declined, the onset of maturation was triggered, and the eels left their growth habitats and migrated to the spawning area. Therefore, female eels tended to attain larger body size when the growth conditions were good enough to risk spending extra time in their growth habitats. This flexible maturation strategy is likely related to the ability to use diverse habitats with widely ranging growth and survival potentials in the catadromous life-history across its wide species range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yokouchi
- Unit EABX, IRSTEA, 50 Avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France .,National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Yokosuka 238-0316, Japan
| | | | - Michael J Miller
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Nobuto Fukuda
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Yokosuka 238-0316, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Sudo
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Minami-ise 516-0193, Japan
| | - Katsumi Tsukamoto
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Pierre Elie
- Unit EABX, IRSTEA, 50 Avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France
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15
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Aykanat T, Ozerov M, Vähä JP, Orell P, Niemelä E, Erkinaro J, Primmer CR. Co-inheritance of sea age at maturity and iteroparity in the Atlantic salmon vgll3 genomic region. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:343-355. [PMID: 30697850 DOI: 10.1101/412288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Co-inheritance in life-history traits may result in unpredictable evolutionary trajectories if not accounted for in life-history models. Iteroparity (the reproductive strategy of reproducing more than once) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a fitness trait with substantial variation within and among populations. In the Teno River in northern Europe, iteroparous individuals constitute an important component of many populations and have experienced a sharp increase in abundance in the last 20 years, partly overlapping with a general decrease in age structure. The physiological basis of iteroparity bears similarities to that of age at first maturity, another life-history trait with substantial fitness effects in salmon. Sea age at maturity in Atlantic salmon is controlled by a major locus around the vgll3 gene, and we used this opportunity demonstrate that these two traits are co-inherited around this genome region. The odds ratio of survival until second reproduction was up to 2.4 (1.8-3.5 90% CI) times higher for fish with the early-maturing vgll3 genotype (EE) compared to fish with the late-maturing genotype (LL). The L allele was dominant in individuals remaining only one year at sea before maturation, but the dominance was reversed, with the E allele being dominant in individuals maturing after two or more years at sea. Post hoc analysis indicated that iteroparous fish with the EE genotype had accelerated growth prior to first reproduction compared to first-time spawners, across all age groups, whereas this effect was not detected in fish with the LL genotype. These results broaden the functional link around the vgll3 genome region and help us understand constraints in the evolution of life-history variation in salmon. Our results further highlight the need to account for genetic correlations between fitness traits when predicting demographic changes in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutku Aykanat
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikhail Ozerov
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Vähä
- Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa, Lohja, Finland
| | - Panu Orell
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Niemelä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Aykanat T, Ozerov M, Vähä J, Orell P, Niemelä E, Erkinaro J, Primmer CR. Co‐inheritance of sea age at maturity and iteroparity in the Atlantic salmonvgll3genomic region. J Evol Biol 2019; 32:343-355. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tutku Aykanat
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Mikhail Ozerov
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
- Kevo Subarctic Research InstituteUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Juha‐Pekka Vähä
- Kevo Subarctic Research InstituteUniversity of Turku Turku Finland
- Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa Lohja Finland
| | - Panu Orell
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Oulu Finland
| | - Eero Niemelä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Oulu Finland
| | | | - Craig R. Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability ScienceUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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17
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Evans KM, Bernt MJ, Kolmann MA, Ford KL, Albert JS. Why the long face? Static allometry in the sexually dimorphic phenotypes of Neotropical electric fishes. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The evolution of sexually dimorphic traits is thought to have marked effects on underlying patterns of static allometry. These traits can negatively affect organismal survivability by creating trade-offs between trait size and performance. Here we use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to study the static allometry of two species of sexually dimorphic electric fishes (Apteronotus rostratus and Compsaraia samueli) in which mature males grow elongate jaws used in agonistic male–male interactions. We also estimate jaw-closing performance between the sexes of both species to track changes in kinematic transmission associated with the development of sexual weaponry. We find significantly different patterns of static allometry between the sexes of both species, with males exhibiting more positive allometric slopes relative to females. We also find a negative relationship between skull shape and mandibular kinematic transmission in C. samueli, suggesting a trade-off where males with longer faces exhibit lower mechanical advantages, suggesting weaker jaw leverage. In contrast, males and females of A. rostratus exhibit no difference between sexes in mechanical advantage associated with facial elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kory M Evans
- University of Minnesota, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, & Bell Museum of Natural History, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Maxwell J Bernt
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Department of Biology, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | | | - Kassandra L Ford
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Department of Biology, Lafayette, LA, USA
| | - James S Albert
- University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Department of Biology, Lafayette, LA, USA
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18
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Morita K, Tsuboi JI, Sahashi G, Kikko T, Ishizaki D, Kishi D, Endo S, Koseki Y. Iteroparity of stream resident masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:750-754. [PMID: 30069884 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The degree of iteroparity in stream-resident forms of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou was examined using mark-recapture studies in natural streams. In a partially migratory population, at least 10% of resident males survived after maturation and repeatedly matured for up to 5 years. In the landlocked amago salmon subspecies, the post-maturation survival rate was at least 7% and repeat maturation was observed for up to 3 years for both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Morita
- Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Tsuboi
- Research Center for Freshwater Fisheries, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nikko, Japan
| | - Genki Sahashi
- Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikko
- Shiga Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Hikone, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Kishi
- Gero Branch, Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Fisheries and Aquatic Environments, Gero, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Koseki
- Department of Life Design, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Sea trout (Salmo trutta) growth patterns during early steps of invasion in the Kerguelen Islands. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Thorson JT, Munch SB, Cope JM, Gao J. Predicting life history parameters for all fishes worldwide. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:2262-2276. [PMID: 28746981 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scientists and resource managers need to know life history parameters (e.g., average mortality rate, individual growth rate, maximum length or mass, and timing of maturity) to understand and respond to risks to natural populations and ecosystems. For over 100 years, scientists have identified "life history invariants" (LHI) representing pairs of parameters whose ratio is theorized to be constant across species. LHI then promise to allow prediction of many parameters from field measurements of a few important traits. Using LHI in this way, however, neglects any residual patterns in parameters when making predictions. We therefore apply a multivariate model for eight variables (seven parameters and temperature) in over 32,000 fishes, and include taxonomic structure for residuals (with levels for class, order, family, genus, and species). We illustrate that this approach predicts variables probabilistically for taxa with many or few data. We then use this model to resolve three questions regarding life history parameters in fishes. Specifically we show that (1) on average there is a 1.24% decrease in the Brody growth coefficient for every 1% increase in maximum size; (2) the ratio of natural mortality rate and growth coefficient is not an LHI but instead varies systematically based on the timing of maturation, where movement along this life history axis is predictably correlated with species taxonomy; and (3) three variables must be known per species to precisely predict remaining life history variables. We distribute our predictive model as an R package, FishLife, to allow future life history predictions for fishes to be conditioned on taxonomy and life history data for fishes worldwide. This package also contains predictions (and predictive intervals) for mortality, maturity, size, and growth parameters for all described fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Thorson
- Fisheries Resource Assessment and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA
| | - Stephan B Munch
- Fish Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 110 Schaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California, 95060, USA
| | - Jason M Cope
- Fisheries Resource Assessment and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA
| | - Jin Gao
- Fisheries Resource Assessment and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, Washington, 98105, USA
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21
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Makhrov AA. A Narrowing of the Phenotypic Diversity Range after Large Rearrangements of the Karyotype in Salmonidae: The Relationship between Saltational Genome Rearrangements and Gradual Adaptive Evolution. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E297. [PMID: 29077033 PMCID: PMC5704210 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of how a gradual development of ecological and morphological adaptations combines with large genome rearrangements, which have been found to occur in the phylogeny of many groups of organisms, is a matter of discussion in the literature. The objective of this work was to study the problem with the example of salmonids, whose evolution included at least six events of multiple chromosome fusions. Large karyotype rearrangements are associated with a decrease in ecological and morphological diversity in salmonids. In the above example, genome rearrangements seem to distort the function of the genetic systems that are responsible for the occurrence of certain ecological forms in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Makhrov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
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22
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Hughes PW. Between semelparity and iteroparity: Empirical evidence for a continuum of modes of parity. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:8232-8261. [PMID: 29075446 PMCID: PMC5648687 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of times an organism reproduces (i.e., its mode of parity) is a fundamental life-history character, and evolutionary and ecological models that compare the relative fitnesses of different modes of parity are common in life-history theory and theoretical biology. Despite the success of mathematical models designed to compare intrinsic rates of increase (i.e., density-independent growth rates) between annual-semelparous and perennial-iteroparous reproductive schedules, there is widespread evidence that variation in reproductive allocation among semelparous and iteroparous organisms alike is continuous. This study reviews the ecological and molecular evidence for the continuity and plasticity of modes of parity-that is, the idea that annual-semelparous and perennial-iteroparous life histories are better understood as endpoints along a continuum of possible strategies. I conclude that parity should be understood as a continuum of different modes of parity, which differ by the degree to which they disperse or concentrate reproductive effort in time. I further argue that there are three main implications of this conclusion: (1) that seasonality should not be conflated with parity; (2) that mathematical models purporting to explain the general evolution of semelparous life histories from iteroparous ones (or vice versa) should not assume that organisms can only display either an annual-semelparous life history or a perennial-iteroparous one; and (3) that evolutionary ecologists should base explanations of how different life-history strategies evolve on the physiological or molecular basis of traits underlying different modes of parity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick William Hughes
- Department of Plant Breeding and GeneticsMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchKölnGermany
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23
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Fitness consequences of peak reproductive effort in a resource pulse system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9335. [PMID: 28839275 PMCID: PMC5571191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The age trajectory of reproductive performance of many iteroparous species features an early - life increase in performance followed by a late - life senescent decline. The largest contribution of lifetime reproductive success is therefore gained at the age at which reproductive performance peaks. Using long term data on North American red squirrels we show that the environmental conditions individuals encountered could cause variation among individuals in the “height” and timing of this peak, contributing to life history variation and fitness in this population that experiences irregular resource pulses. As expected, high peak effort was positively associated with lifetime reproductive output up to a high level of annual effort. Furthermore, individuals that matched their peak reproductive effort to an anticipated resource pulse gained substantial fitness benefits through recruiting more offspring over their lifetime. Individual variation in peak reproductive effort thus has strong potential to shape life history evolution by facilitating adaptation to fluctuating environments.
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24
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Bowerman TE, Pinson-Dumm A, Peery CA, Caudill CC. Reproductive energy expenditure and changes in body morphology for a population of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha with a long distance migration. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1960-1979. [PMID: 28211057 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Energetic demands of a long freshwater migration, extended holding period, gamete development and spawning were evaluated for a population of stream-type Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Female and male somatic mass decreased by 24 and 21%, respectively, during migration and by an additional 18 and 12% during holding. Between freshwater entry and death after spawning, females allocated 14% of initial somatic energy towards gonad development and 78% for metabolism (46, 25 and 7% during migration, holding and spawning, respectively). Males used only 2% of initial somatic energy for gonad development and 80% on metabolic costs, as well as an increase in snout length (41, 28 and 11% during migration, holding and spawning, respectively). Individually marked O. tshawytscha took between 27 and 53 days to migrate 920 km. Those with slower travel times through the dammed section of the migration corridor arrived at spawning grounds with less muscle energy than faster migrants. Although energy depletion did not appear to be the proximate cause of death in most pre-spawn mortalities, average final post-spawning somatic energy densities were low at 3·6 kJ g-1 in females and 4·1 kJ g-1 in males, consistent with the concept of a minimum energy threshold required to sustain life in semelparous salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Bowerman
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID, 83844-1136, U.S.A
| | - A Pinson-Dumm
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID, 83844-1136, U.S.A
| | - C A Peery
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Walla Walla District, 201 N 3rd Ave., Walla Walla, WA, 99362, U.S.A
| | - C C Caudill
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID, 83844-1136, U.S.A
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25
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Burggren WW, Dubansky B, Bautista NM. Cardiovascular Development in Embryonic and Larval Fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.fp.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Chaby LE. Why are there lasting effects from exposure to stress during development? An analysis of current models of early stress. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:164-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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27
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Cussac VE, Habit E, Ciancio J, Battini MA, Riva Rossi C, Barriga JP, Baigún C, Crichigno S. Freshwater fishes of Patagonia: conservation and fisheries. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:1068-1097. [PMID: 27284012 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The absence of much literature on the Patagonian fish fauna in comparison with that of the neotropics, has previously been blamed on its poor species diversity. Knowledge of the fishes of Patagonia, however, rose sharply at the beginning of the present century, allowing for an understanding of the complex biogeographical history that has led to the present diversity and distribution patterns. There are several new and potential threats to biodiversity and conservation of Patagonian fishes, such as the introduction of exotic species, damming, climate change and changes geared to safeguard economic interests, often acting synergistically. A great amount of new information is now available and the aim of the present review is to articulate this knowledge in a comprehensive way in order to aid in the development of tools to face the increasing challenges posed by environmental change and human activity. Knowledge about fishes of Patagonia has grown at the same time as human actions, and presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Cussac
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - E Habit
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales& Centro EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - J Ciancio
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT), CONICET, Argentina
| | - M A Battini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - C Riva Rossi
- Centro Nacional Patagónico (CENPAT), CONICET, Argentina
| | - J P Barriga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - C Baigún
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), CONICET, Argentina
| | - S Crichigno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
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28
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Weir LK, Kindsvater HK, Young KA, Reynolds JD. Sneaker Males Affect Fighter Male Body Size and Sexual Size Dimorphism in Salmon. Am Nat 2016; 188:264-71. [PMID: 27420790 DOI: 10.1086/687253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Large male body size is typically favored by directional sexual selection through competition for mates. However, alternative male life-history phenotypes, such as "sneakers," should decrease the strength of sexual selection acting on body size of large "fighter" males. We tested this prediction with salmon species; in southern populations, where sneakers are common, fighter males should be smaller than in northern populations, where sneakers are rare, leading to geographical clines in sexual size dimorphism (SSD). Consistent with our prediction, fighter male body size and SSD (fighter male∶female size) increase with latitude in species with sneaker males (Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou) but not in species without sneakers (chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta and pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). This is the first evidence that sneaker males affect SSD across populations and species, and it suggests that alternative male mating strategies may shape the evolution of body size.
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29
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Kindsvater HK, Braun DC, Otto SP, Reynolds JD. Costs of reproduction can explain the correlated evolution of semelparity and egg size: theory and a test with salmon. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:687-96. [PMID: 27146705 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Species' life history traits, including maturation age, number of reproductive bouts, offspring size and number, reflect adaptations to diverse biotic and abiotic selection pressures. A striking example of divergent life histories is the evolution of either iteroparity (breeding multiple times) or semelparity (breed once and die). We analysed published data on salmonid fishes and found that semelparous species produce larger eggs, that egg size and number increase with salmonid body size among populations and species and that migratory behaviour and parity interact. We developed three hypotheses that might explain the patterns in our data and evaluated them in a stage-structured modelling framework accounting for different growth and survival scenarios. Our models predict the observation of small eggs in iteroparous species when egg size is costly to maternal survival or egg number is constrained. By exploring trait co-variation in salmonids, we generate new hypotheses for the evolution of trade-offs among life history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Kindsvater
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Douglas C Braun
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.,InStream Fisheries Research Inc., Vancouver, British Columbia, V5M 4V8, Canada
| | - Sarah P Otto
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John D Reynolds
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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30
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Insights into reproductive strategies of Tityus (Archaeotityus) pusillus Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones, Buthidae). C R Biol 2016; 339:179-184. [PMID: 27083999 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable diversity of life history strategies has evolved among species for achieving reproductive success, including adaptive growth, protandry, iteroparity, and extra molting. Here, we report on the reproductive strategies of the litter-dwelling scorpion, Tityus (Archaeotityus) pusillus, the most abundant and widespread scorpion species in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. We observed both iteroparity and protandry reproductive strategies in this species. Females were competent to produce up to three broods after a single insemination, and no correlation between female size and litter size was observed. Most males reached adulthood 1 month before females following four molts, characterizing protandry. Nevertheless, an extra molt was observed to occur in some males (n=4) and females (n=1). These findings highlight the life history traits of T. (A.) pusillus, which may imply in reproductive success and adaptation to changes in environmental conditions.
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31
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Rollinson N, Rowe L. The positive correlation between maternal size and offspring size: fitting pieces of a life-history puzzle. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:1134-1148. [PMID: 26289842 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of investment per offspring (I) is often viewed through the lens of the classic theory, in which variation among individuals in a population is not expected. A substantial departure from this prediction arises in the form of correlations between maternal body size and I, which are observed within populations in virtually all taxonomic groups. Based on the generality of this observation, we suggest it is caused by a common underlying mechanism. We pursue a unifying explanation for this pattern by reviewing all theoretical models that attempt to explain it. We assess the generality of the mechanism upon which each model is based, and the extent to which data support its predictions. Two classes of adaptive models are identified: models that assume that the correlation arises from maternal influences on the relationship between I and offspring fitness [w(I)], and those that assume that maternal size influences the relationship between I and maternal fitness [W(I)]. The weight of evidence suggests that maternal influences on w(I) are probably not very general, and even for taxa where maternal influences on w(I) are likely, experiments fail to support model predictions. Models that assume that W(I) varies with maternal size appear to offer more generality, but the current challenge is to identify a specific and general mechanism upon which W(I) varies predictably with maternal size. Recent theory suggests the exciting possibility that a yet unknown mechanism modifies the offspring size-number trade-off function in a manner that is predictable with respect to maternal size, such that W(I) varies with size. We identify two promising avenues of inquiry. First, the trade-off might be modified by energetic costs that are associated with the initiation of reproduction ('overhead costs') and that scale with I, and future work could investigate what specific overhead costs are generally associated with reproduction and whether these costs scale with I. Second, the trade-off might be modified by virtue of condition-dependent offspring provisioning coupled with metabolic factors, and future work could investigate the proximate cause of, and generality of, condition-dependent offspring provisioning. Finally, drawing on the existing literature, we suggest that maternal size per se is not causatively related to variation in I, and the mechanism involved in the correlation is instead linked to maternal nutritional status or maternal condition, which is usually correlated with maternal size. Using manipulative experiments to elucidate why females with high nutritional status typically produce large offspring might help explain what specific mechanism underlies the maternal-size correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Njal Rollinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Locke Rowe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
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Baker JA, Wund MA, Heins DC, King RW, Reyes ML, Foster SA. Life-history plasticity in female threespine stickleback. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:322-34. [PMID: 26286665 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The postglacial adaptive radiation of the threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) has been widely used to investigate the roles of both adaptive evolution and plasticity in behavioral and morphological divergence from the ancestral condition represented by present-day oceanic stickleback. These phenotypes tend to exhibit high levels of ecotypic differentiation. Population divergence in life history has also been well studied, but in contrast to behavior and morphology, the extent and importance of plasticity has been much less well studied. In this review, we summarize what is known about life-history plasticity in female threespine stickleback, considering four traits intimately associated with reproductive output: age/size at maturation, level of reproductive effort, egg size and clutch size. We envision life-history plasticity in an iterative, ontogenetic framework, in which females may express plasticity repeatedly across each of several time frames. We contrast the results of laboratory and field studies because, for most traits, these approaches give somewhat different answers. We provide ideas on what the cues might be for observed plasticity in each trait and, when possible, we inquire about the relative costs and benefits to expressed plasticity. We end with an example of how we think plasticity may play out in stickleback life history given what we know of plasticity in the ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Baker
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - M A Wund
- Department of Biology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - D C Heins
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - R W King
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - M L Reyes
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - S A Foster
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
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Pauliny A, Devlin RH, Johnsson JI, Blomqvist D. Rapid growth accelerates telomere attrition in a transgenic fish. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:159. [PMID: 26268318 PMCID: PMC4535669 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals rarely grow as fast as their physiologies permit despite the fitness advantages of being large. One reason may be that rapid growth is costly, resulting for example in somatic damage. The chromosomal ends, the telomeres, are particularly vulnerable to such damage, and telomere attrition thus influences the rate of ageing. Here, we used a transgenic salmon model with an artificially increased growth rate to test the hypothesis that rapid growth is traded off against the ability to maintain somatic health, assessed as telomere attrition. Results We found substantial telomere attrition in transgenic fish, while maternal half-sibs growing at a lower, wild-type rate seemed better able to maintain the length of their telomeres during the same time period. Conclusions Our results are consistent with a trade-off between rapid growth and somatic (telomere) maintenance in growth-manipulated fish. Since telomere erosion reflects cellular ageing, our findings also support theories of ageing postulating that unrepaired somatic damage is associated with senescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0436-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pauliny
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Robert H Devlin
- Marine Ecosystems and Aquaculture Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, V7V 1N6, Canada.
| | - Jörgen I Johnsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Donald Blomqvist
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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35
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36
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Lopes GP, Leiner NO. Semelparity in a population of Gracilinanus agilis (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) inhabiting the Brazilian cerrado. Mamm Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Penney ZL, Moffitt CM. Fatty-acid profiles of white muscle and liver in stream-maturing steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from early migration to kelt emigration. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:105-120. [PMID: 25424636 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The profiles of specific fatty acids (FA) in white muscle and liver of fasting steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were evaluated at three periods during their prespawning migration and at kelt emigration in the Snake-Columbia River of Washington, Oregon and Idaho, to improve the understanding of energy change. Twenty-seven FAs were identified; depletion of 10 of these was positively correlated in liver and white muscle of prespawning O. mykiss. To observe relative changes in FA content more accurately over sampling intervals, the lipid fraction of tissues was used to normalize the quantity of individual FA to an equivalent tissue wet mass. Saturated and monounsaturated FAs were depleted between upstream migration in September and kelt emigration in June, whereas polyunsaturated FAs were more conserved. Liver was depleted of FAs more rapidly than muscle. Three FAs were detected across all sampling intervals: 16:0, 18:1 and 22:6n3, which are probably structurally important to membranes. When structurally important FAs of O. mykiss are depleted to provide energy, physiological performance and survival may be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Penney
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, U.S.A
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38
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Neill D. Evolution of lifespan. J Theor Biol 2014; 358:232-45. [PMID: 24992233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Present-day evolutionary theory, modern synthesis and evo-devo, appear to explain evolution. There remain however several points of contention. These include: biological time, direction, macroevolution verses microevolution, ageing and the extent of internal as opposed to external mediation. A new theoretical model for the control of biological time in vertebrates/bilaterians is introduced. Rather than biological time being controlled solely by a molecular cascade domino effect, it is suggested there is also an intracellular oscillatory clock. This clock (life's timekeeper) is synchronised across all cells in an organism and runs at a constant frequency throughout life. Slower frequencies extend lifespan, increase body/brain size and advance behaviour. They also create a time void which could aid additional evolutionary change. Faster frequencies shorten lifespan, reduce body/brain size and diminish behaviour. They are therefore less likely to mediate evolution in vertebrates/mammals. It is concluded that in vertebrates, especially mammals, there is a direction in evolution towards longer lifespan/advanced behaviour. Lifespan extension could equate with macroevolution and subsequent modifications with microevolution. As life's timekeeper controls the rate of ageing it constitutes a new genetic theory of ageing. Finally, as lifespan extension is internally mediated, this suggests a major role for internal mediation in evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Neill
- University of Newcastle, Wear Base Unit, Monkwearmouth Hospital, Newcastle Road, Sunderland SR5 1NB, UK.
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Hughes PW, Simons AM. Secondary reproduction in the herbaceous monocarp Lobelia inflata: time-constrained primary reproduction does not result in increased deferral of reproductive effort. BMC Ecol 2014; 14:15. [PMID: 24886288 PMCID: PMC4030501 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-14-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although semelparity is a life history characterized by a single reproductive episode within a single reproductive season, some semelparous organisms facultatively express a second bout of reproduction, either in a subsequent season ("facultative iteroparity") or later within the same season as the primary bout ("secondary reproduction"). Secondary reproduction has been explained as the adaptive deferral of reproductive potential under circumstances in which some fraction of reproductive success would otherwise have been lost (due, for example, to inopportune timing). This deferral hypothesis predicts a positive relationship between constraints on primary reproduction and expression of secondary reproduction. The herbaceous monocarp Lobelia inflata has been observed occasionally to express a secondary reproductive episode in the field. However, it is unknown whether secondary reproduction is an example of adaptive reproductive deferral, or is more parsimoniously explained as the vestigial expression of iteroparity after a recent transition to semelparity. Here, we experimentally manipulate effective season length in each of three years to test whether secondary reproduction is a form of adaptive plasticity consistent with the deferral hypothesis. RESULTS Our results were found to be inconsistent with the adaptive deferral explanation: first, plants whose primary reproduction was time-constrained exhibited decreased (not increased) allocation to subsequent secondary reproduction, a result that was consistent across all three years; second, secondary offspring-although viable in the laboratory-would not have the opportunity for expression under field conditions, and would thus not contribute to reproductive success. CONCLUSIONS Although alternative adaptive explanations for secondary reproduction cannot be precluded, we conclude that the characteristics of secondary reproduction found in L. inflata are consistent with predictions of incomplete or transitional evolution to annual semelparity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew M Simons
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada K1S 5B6
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40
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Hughes PW, Simons AM. The continuum between semelparity and iteroparity: plastic expression of parity in response to season length manipulation in Lobelia inflata. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:90. [PMID: 24766909 PMCID: PMC4005853 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Semelparity and iteroparity are considered to be distinct and alternative life-history strategies, where semelparity is characterized by a single, fatal reproductive episode, and iteroparity by repeated reproduction throughout life. However, semelparous organisms do not reproduce instantaneously; typically reproduction occurs over an extended time period. If variation in reproductive allocation exists within such a prolonged reproductive episode, semelparity may be considered iteroparity over a shorter time scale. This continuity hypothesis predicts that “semelparous” organisms with relatively low probability of survival after age at first reproduction will exhibit more extreme semelparity than those with high probability of adult survival. This contrasts with the conception of semelparity as a distinct reproductive strategy expressing a discrete, single, bout of reproduction, where reproductive phenotype is expected to be relatively invariant. Here, we manipulate expected season length—and thus expected adult survival—to ask whether Lobelia inflata, a classic “semelparous” plant, exhibits plasticity along a semelparous-iteroparous continuum. Results Groups of replicated genotypes were manipulated to initiate reproduction at different points in the growing season in each of three years. In lab and field populations alike, the norm of reaction in parity across a season was as predicted by the continuity hypothesis: as individuals bolted later, they showed shorter time to, and smaller size at first reproduction, and multiplied their reproductive organs through branching, thus producing offspring more simultaneously. Conclusions This work demonstrates that reproductive effort occurs along a semelparous-iteroparous continuum within a “semelparous” organism, and that variation in parity occurs within populations as a result of phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P William Hughes
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada.
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41
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Acker P, Robert A, Bourget R, Colas B. Heterogeneity of reproductive age increases the viability of semelparous populations. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Acker
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution (ESE); Université Paris-Sud 11; UMR 8079 UPS-CNRS-AgroParisTech; Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay; Bât. 360 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Alexandre Robert
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC; 55 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
| | - Romain Bourget
- LAREMA; Département de Mathématiques; Université d'Angers; 2, Bd Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex 01 France
- IRHS (INRA, Université d'Angers, Agrocampus Ouest); SFR QUASAV; rue G. Morel 49071 Beaucouzé France
| | - Bruno Colas
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution (ESE); Université Paris-Sud 11; UMR 8079 UPS-CNRS-AgroParisTech; Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay; Bât. 360 91405 Orsay Cedex France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité France
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Ageing of trees: application of general ageing theories. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:855-66. [PMID: 23872395 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The main questions posed in ageing theories are how ageing evolved and whether or not it is programmed. While these questions have not yet been clearly resolved, several groups of possible theories have been published on this topic. However, most of these theories do not consider plants, and the specific traits involved in their ageing mechanisms. The first trait covers clonality and sectoriality and the second concerns the lack of a differentiated germ line. The lack of a germ line prevents telomere shortening which can lead to the transfer of somatic mutations into sexual offspring, while sectoriality in trees causes isolation of potentially catastrophic events in one tree part, thus creating a population of more or less independent modules within one axis. The processes of population dynamics, including ageing, can act within the framework of an individual tree as well as in that of the population as a whole, although the processes involved differ and consequently result in different effects.
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Froehlich JM, Fowler ZG, Galt NJ, Smith DL, Biga PR. Sarcopenia and piscines: the case for indeterminate-growing fish as unique genetic model organisms in aging and longevity research. Front Genet 2013; 4:159. [PMID: 23967015 PMCID: PMC3743216 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and dynapenia pose significant problems for the aged, especially as life expectancy rises in developed countries. Current therapies are marginally efficacious at best, and barriers to breakthroughs in treatment may result from currently employed model organisms. Here, we argue that the use of indeterminate-growing teleost fish in skeletal muscle aging research may lead to therapeutic advancements not possible with current mammalian models. Evidence from a comparative approach utilizing the subfamily Danioninae suggests that the indeterminate growth paradigm of many teleosts arises from adult muscle stem cells with greater proliferative capacity, even in spite of smaller progenitor populations. We hypothesize that paired-box transcription factors, Pax3/7, are involved with this enhanced self-renewal and that prolonged expression of these factors may allow some fish species to escape, or at least forestall, sarcopenia/dynapenia. Future research efforts should focus on the experimental validation of these genes as key factors in indeterminate growth, both in the context of muscle stem cell proliferation and in prevention of skeletal muscle senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Froehlich
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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Trindade LS, Aigaki T, Peixoto AA, Balduino A, Mânica da Cruz IB, Heddle JG. A novel classification system for evolutionary aging theories. Front Genet 2013; 4:25. [PMID: 23508239 PMCID: PMC3589719 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories of lifespan evolution are a source of confusion amongst aging researchers. After a century of aging research the dispute over whether the aging process is active or passive persists and a comprehensive and universally accepted theoretical model remains elusive. Evolutionary aging theories primarily dispute whether the aging process is exclusively adapted to favor the kin or exclusively non-adapted to favor the individual. Interestingly, contradictory data and theories supporting both exclusively programmed and exclusively non-programmed theories continue to grow. However, this is a false dichotomy; natural selection favors traits resulting in efficient reproduction whether they benefit the individual or the kin. Thus, to understand the evolution of aging, first we must understand the environment-dependent balance between the advantages and disadvantages of extended lifespan in the process of spreading genes. As described by distinct theories, different niches and environmental conditions confer on extended lifespan a range of fitness values varying from highly beneficial to highly detrimental. Here, we considered the range of fitness values for extended lifespan and develop a fitness-based framework for categorizing existing theories. We show that all theories can be classified into four basic types: secondary (beneficial), maladaptive (neutral), assisted death (detrimental), and senemorphic aging (varying between beneficial to detrimental). We anticipate that this classification system will assist with understanding and interpreting aging/death by providing a way of considering theories as members of one of these classes rather than consideration of their individual details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S Trindade
- Heddle Initiative Research Unit, Advanced Science Institute Wako, Saitama, Japan ; Department of Investigative Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University Nagasaki, Japan ; Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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Neill D. Life's timekeeper. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:567-78. [PMID: 23354279 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Life's timekeeper is a 'free-running' intracellular oscillator synchronised across all cells. It runs throughout life splitting lifespan into equal length phases. During the maturational period it controls the overall rate of progression whereas in the post-maturational period it controls the overall rate of ageing. This includes the rate of senescence and hence time to death. As such life's timekeeper equates maturational and post-maturational time, hence explains the tight correlation between these time periods that has existed throughout mammalian evolution. Life's timekeeper is proposed to have played an important role in vertebrate evolution. A slower oscillatory frequency results in proportional life phase prolongation. This leads to increased body and brain size, together with extended lifespan. Higher brain centres, neocortex in mammals, are disproportionately enlarged. Hence behavioural capacity is increased. The extended post-maturational period ensures that there is enough time in order that the behavioural advantages can be fully manifest in the environment. A faster oscillatory frequency would result in proportional life phase reduction. This process however would lead to reduced behavioural capacity, and is hence unlikely to be positively selected. Therefore throughout evolution life's timekeeper has operated to extend lifespan. It has hence functioned to promote longevity as opposed to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Neill
- Department of Psychiatry, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
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Crête-Lafrenière A, Weir LK, Bernatchez L. Framing the Salmonidae family phylogenetic portrait: a more complete picture from increased taxon sampling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46662. [PMID: 23071608 PMCID: PMC3465342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable research efforts have focused on elucidating the systematic relationships among salmonid fishes; an understanding of these patterns of relatedness will inform conservation- and fisheries-related issues, as well as provide a framework for investigating evolutionary mechanisms in the group. However, uncertainties persist in current Salmonidae phylogenies due to biological and methodological factors, and a comprehensive phylogeny including most representatives of the family could provide insight into the causes of these difficulties. Here we increase taxon sampling by including nearly all described salmonid species (n = 63) to present a time-calibrated and more complete portrait of Salmonidae using a combination of molecular markers and analytical techniques. This strategy improved resolution by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio and helped discriminate methodological and systematic errors from sources of difficulty associated with biological processes. Our results highlight novel aspects of salmonid evolution. First, we call into question the widely-accepted evolutionary relationships among sub-families and suggest that Thymallinae, rather than Coregoninae, is the sister group to the remainder of Salmonidae. Second, we find that some groups in Salmonidae are older than previously thought and that the mitochondrial rate of molecular divergence varies markedly among genes and clades. We estimate the age of the family to be 59.1 MY (CI: 63.2-58.1 MY) old, which likely corresponds to the timing of whole genome duplication in salmonids. The average, albeit highly variable, mitochondrial rate of molecular divergence was estimated as ~0.31%/MY (CI: 0.27-0.36%/MY). Finally, we suggest that some species require taxonomic revision, including two monotypic genera, Stenodus and Salvethymus. In addition, we resolve some relationships that have been notoriously difficult to discern and present a clearer picture of the evolution of the group. Our findings represent an important contribution to the systematics of Salmonidae, and provide a useful tool for addressing questions related to fundamental and applied evolutionary issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Crête-Lafrenière
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Laura K. Weir
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Omori K, Ohnishi H, Hamaoka H, Kunihiro T, Ito S, Kuwae M, Hata H, Miller TW, Iguchi K. Speciation of fluvial forms from amphidromous forms of migratory populations. Ecol Modell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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48
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Litsios G, Salamin N. Effects of Phylogenetic Signal on Ancestral State Reconstruction. Syst Biol 2012; 61:533-8. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syr124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Litsios
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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49
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Popov IY. Distribution of various aging patterns in the system of the animal world. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057012010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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DAVIS RB, JAVOIŠ J, PIENAAR J, ÕUNAP E, TAMMARU T. Disentangling determinants of egg size in the Geometridae (Lepidoptera) using an advanced phylogenetic comparative method. J Evol Biol 2011; 25:210-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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