1
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Loebens L, Theis TF, Almeida-Santos SM, Cechin SZ. Reproductive Biology, Sperm storage, and Sexual Maturity of Thamnodynastes strigatus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211087. [PMID: 35703696 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history strategies determine and influence many aspects of species fitness. In this study, we describe the reproductive biology - reproductive cycle, sperm storage, and sexual maturity - of Thamnodynastes strigatus in South Brazil. We analyzed 49 individuals (25 males and 24 females) from herpetological collections. The reproductive cycle of males and females was described considering the morpho-anatomical and histological changes in the testes, ductus deferens, and kidney, as well in the ovary and oviduct. The age at the onset of sexual maturity was determined by skeletochronology of the caudal vertebra. The reproductive cycle is seasonal semi-synchronous and most individuals have a reproductive peak in spring and summer. The seasonal biennial reproductive cycle and viviparity are two phylogenetically conserved characters in Tachymenini snakes. Thamnodynastes Strigatus females store sperm in the utero-vaginal junction furrows during autumn. There were no differences between the ages of sexual maturity of males (4-11y) and females (4-12y). Females reach sexual maturity at larger body sizes, and this may confer an adaptive advantage due to a higher fecundity potential. Herein, we confirmed the previously described seasonal biennial reproductive cycle of T. strigatus through histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Loebens
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Theis
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Selma M Almeida-Santos
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia Z Cechin
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolução, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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2
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Whittington CM, Van Dyke JU, Liang SQT, Edwards SV, Shine R, Thompson MB, Grueber CE. Understanding the evolution of viviparity using intraspecific variation in reproductive mode and transitional forms of pregnancy. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1179-1192. [PMID: 35098647 PMCID: PMC9064913 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How innovations such as vision, flight and pregnancy evolve is a central question in evolutionary biology. Examination of transitional (intermediate) forms of these traits can help address this question, but these intermediate phenotypes are very rare in extant species. Here we explore the biology and evolution of transitional forms of pregnancy that are midway between the ancestral state of oviparity (egg-laying) and the derived state, viviparity (live birth). Transitional forms of pregnancy occur in only three vertebrates, all of which are lizard species that also display intraspecific variation in reproductive phenotype. In these lizards (Lerista bougainvillii, Saiphos equalis, and Zootoca vivipara), geographic variation of three reproductive forms occurs within a single species: oviparity, viviparity, and a transitional form of pregnancy. This phenomenon offers the valuable prospect of watching 'evolution in action'. In these species, it is possible to conduct comparative research using different reproductive forms that are not confounded by speciation, and are of relatively recent origin. We identify major proximate and ultimate questions that can be addressed in these species, and the genetic and genomic tools that can help us understand how transitional forms of pregnancy are produced, despite predicted fitness costs. We argue that these taxa represent an excellent prospect for understanding the major evolutionary shift between egg-laying and live birth, which is a fundamental innovation in the history of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M. Whittington
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyHeydon‐Laurence Building A08SydneyNSW2006
| | - James U. Van Dyke
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, School of Molecular SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBuilding 4WodongaVIC3689Australia
| | - Stephanie Q. T. Liang
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyHeydon‐Laurence Building A08SydneyNSW2006
| | - Scott V. Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard University, and Museum of Comparative ZoologyCambridgeMA02138U.S.A.
| | - Richard Shine
- Department of Biological SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeNSW2109Australia
| | - Michael B. Thompson
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyHeydon‐Laurence Building A08SydneyNSW2006
| | - Catherine E. Grueber
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneyHeydon‐Laurence Building A08SydneyNSW2006
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3
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Cruz FB, Moreno Azócar DL, Perotti MG, Acosta JC, Stellatelli O, Vega L, Luna F, Antenucci D, Abdala C, Schulte JA. The role of climate and maternal manipulation in determining and maintaining reproductive mode in
Liolaemus
lizards. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. B. Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA) CONICET‐UNComahue Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - D. L. Moreno Azócar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA) CONICET‐UNComahue Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - M. G. Perotti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA) CONICET‐UNComahue Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - J. C. Acosta
- DIBIOVA‐Departamento de Biología CIGEOBIO‐CONICET. FCEFyN‐UNSJ San Juan Argentina
| | - O. Stellatelli
- Laboratorio de Vertebrados Departamento de Biología Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) CONICET‐UNMdP, Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - L. Vega
- Laboratorio de Vertebrados Departamento de Biología Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) CONICET‐UNMdP, Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - F. Luna
- Laboratorio de Ecología Fisiológica y del Comportamiento Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) CONICET‐UNMdP, Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - D. Antenucci
- Laboratorio de Ecología Fisiológica y del Comportamiento Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC) CONICET‐UNMdP, Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C. Abdala
- Unidad ejecutora Lillo (UEL; CONICET‐FML) FCNeIML‐UNT, S.M. Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | - J. A. Schulte
- Division of Amphibians and Reptiles National Museum of Natural History Washington DC USA
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4
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Recknagel H, Kamenos NA, Elmer KR. Evolutionary origins of viviparity consistent with palaeoclimate and lineage diversification. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1167-1176. [PMID: 34107111 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is of fundamental importance for the field of evolutionary biology to understand when and why major evolutionary transitions occur. Live-bearing young (viviparity) is a major evolutionary change and has evolved from egg-laying (oviparity) independently in many vertebrate lineages and most abundantly in lizards and snakes. Although contemporary viviparous squamate species generally occupy cold climatic regions across the globe, it is not known whether viviparity evolved as a response to cold climate in the first place. Here, we used available published time-calibrated squamate phylogenies and parity data on 3,498 taxa. We compared the accumulation of transitions from oviparity to viviparity relative to background diversification and a simulated binary trait. Extracting the date of each transition in the phylogenies and informed by 65 my of global palaeoclimatic data, we tested the nonexclusive hypotheses that viviparity evolved under the following: (a) cold, (b) long-term stable climatic conditions and (c) with background diversification rate. We show that stable and long-lasting cold climatic conditions are correlated with transitions to viviparity across squamates. This correlation of parity mode and palaeoclimate is mirrored by background diversification in squamates, and simulations of a binary trait also showed a similar association with palaeoclimate, meaning that trait evolution cannot be separated from squamate lineage diversification. We suggest that parity mode transitions depend on environmental and intrinsic effects and that background diversification rate may be a factor in trait diversification more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Recknagel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas A Kamenos
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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5
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Ibargüengoytía NR, Medina M, Laspiur A, Qu YF, Peralta CAR, Sinervo B, Miles DB. Looking at the past to infer into the future: Thermal traits track environmental change in Liolaemidae. Evolution 2021; 75:2348-2370. [PMID: 33939188 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of habitats generated by the Andes uplift resulted a mosaic of heterogeneous environments in South America for species to evolve a variety of ecological and physiological specializations. Species in the lizard family Liolaemidae occupy a myriad of habitats in the Andes. Here, we analyze the tempo and mode of evolution in the thermal biology of liolaemids. We assessed whether there is evidence of local adaptation (lability) or conservatism (stasis) in thermal traits. We tested the hypothesis that abiotic factors (e.g., geography, climate) rather than intrinsic factors (egg-laying [oviparous] or live-bearing [viviparous], substrate affinity) explain variation in field active body temperature (Tb ), preferred temperature (Tp ), hours of restriction of activity, and potential hours of activity. Although most traits exhibited high phylogenetic signal, we found variation in thermal biology was shaped by geography, climate, and ecological diversity. Ancestral character reconstruction showed shifts in Tb tracked environmental change in the past ∼20,000 years. Thermal preference is 3°C higher than Tb , yet exhibited a lower rate of evolution than Tb and air temperature. Viviparous Liolaemus have lower Tb s than oviparous species, whereas Tp is high for both modes of reproduction, a key difference that results in a thermal buffer for viviparous species to cope with global warming. The rapid increase in environmental temperatures expected in the next 50-80 years in combination with anthropogenic loss of habitats are projected to cause extirpations and extinctions in oviparous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Ruth Ibargüengoytía
- Ecophysiology and Life History of Reptiles: Research Laboratory. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Marlin Medina
- CIEMEP, CONICET. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco sede Esquel, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Laspiur
- Ecophysiology and Life History of Reptiles: Research Laboratory. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Yan-Fu Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Coastal Sciences Building, 130, McAllister Way, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95065, USA.,Deceased
| | - Donald B Miles
- Department of Biological Sciences, 131 Life Sciences Building, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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6
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Campos SM, Pruett JA, Soini HA, Zúñiga-Vega JJ, Goldberg JK, Vital-García C, Hews DK, Novotny MV, Martins EP. Volatile fatty acid and aldehyde abundances evolve with behavior and habitat temperature in Sceloporus lizards. Behav Ecol 2020; 31:978-991. [PMID: 32764859 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal signals evolve by striking a balance between the need to convey information through particular habitats and the limitations of what types of signals can most easily be produced and perceived. Here, we present new results from field measures of undisturbed behavior and biochemical analyses of scent marks from 12 species of Sceloporus lizards to explore whether evolutionary changes in chemical composition are better predicted by measures of species behavior, particularly those associated with visual displays, chemoreception, and locomotion, or by measures of habitat climate (precipitation and temperature). We found that more active lizard species used fewer compounds in their volatile scent marks, perhaps conveying less specific information about individual and species identity. Scent marks from more active lizard species also had higher proportions of saturated fatty acids, and the evolution of these compounds has been tracking the phylogeny closely as we would expect for a metabolic byproduct. In contrast, the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids were better explained by evolutionary shifts in habitat temperature (and not precipitation), with species in warmer climates using almost no volatile unsaturated fatty acids. The proportion of aldehydes was explained by both behavior and environment, decreasing with behavioral activity and increasing with habitat temperature. Our results highlight the evolutionary flexibility of complex chemical signals, with different chemical compounds responding to different elements of the selective landscape over evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Campos
- Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.,Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jake A Pruett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, OK, USA
| | - Helena A Soini
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Pheromone Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - J Jaime Zúñiga-Vega
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jay K Goldberg
- Department of Biology and Center for the Integrative Study of Animal Behavior, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Cuauhcihuatl Vital-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente y Estocolmo s/n, Zona PRONAF, Juárez, Chihuahua, CP, Mexico
| | - Diana K Hews
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - Milos V Novotny
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Pheromone Research, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Emília P Martins
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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7
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Whittington CM, Friesen CR. The evolution and physiology of male pregnancy in syngnathid fishes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1252-1272. [PMID: 32372478 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The seahorses, pipefishes and seadragons (Syngnathidae) are among the few vertebrates in which pregnant males incubate developing embryos. Syngnathids are popular in studies of sexual selection, sex-role reversal, and reproductive trade-offs, and are now emerging as valuable comparative models for the study of the biology and evolution of reproductive complexity. These fish offer the opportunity to examine the physiology, behavioural implications, and evolutionary origins of embryo incubation, independent of the female reproductive tract and female hormonal milieu. Such studies allow us to examine flexibility in regulatory systems, by determining whether the pathways underpinning female pregnancy are also co-opted in incubating males, or whether novel pathways have evolved in response to the common challenges imposed by incubating developing embryos and releasing live young. The Syngnathidae are also ideal for studies of the evolution of reproductive complexity, because they exhibit multiple parallel origins of complex reproductive phenotypes. Here we assay the taxonomic distribution of syngnathid parity mode, examine the selective pressures that may have led to the emergence of male pregnancy, describe the biology of syngnathid reproduction, and highlight pressing areas for future research. Experimental tests of a range of hypotheses, including many generated with genomic tools, are required to inform overarching theories about the fitness implications of pregnancy and the evolution of male pregnancy. Such information will be widely applicable to our understanding of fundamental reproductive and evolutionary processes in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M Whittington
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Christopher R Friesen
- The University of Wollongong, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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8
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Potential Invasion Risk of Pet Traded Lizards, Snakes, Crocodiles, and Tuatara in the EU on the Basis of a Risk Assessment Model (RAM) and Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK). DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11090164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because biological invasions can cause many negative impacts, accurate predictions are necessary for implementing effective restrictions aimed at specific high-risk taxa. The pet trade in recent years became the most important pathway for the introduction of non-indigenous species of reptiles worldwide. Therefore, we decided to determine the most common species of lizards, snakes, and crocodiles traded as pets on the basis of market surveys in the Czech Republic, which is an export hub for ornamental animals in the European Union (EU). Subsequently, the establishment and invasion potential for the entire EU was determined for 308 species using proven risk assessment models (RAM, AS-ISK). Species with high establishment potential (determined by RAM) and at the same time with high potential to significantly harm native ecosystems (determined by AS-ISK) included the snakes Thamnophis sirtalis (Colubridae), Morelia spilota (Pythonidae) and also the lizards Tiliqua scincoides (Scincidae) and Intellagama lesueurii (Agamidae).
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9
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Hughes DF, Blackburn DG. Evolutionary origins of viviparity in Chamaeleonidae. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Hughes
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL USA
| | - Daniel G. Blackburn
- Department of Biology, Electron Microscopy Center Trinity College Hartford CT USA
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10
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Climate change will decrease the range size of snake species under negligible protection in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8523. [PMID: 31189933 PMCID: PMC6561978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reptiles are highly susceptible to climate change, responding negatively to thermal and rainfall alterations mainly in relation to their reproductive processes. Based on that, we evaluated the effects of climate change on climatically suitable areas for the occurrence of snakes in the Atlantic Forest hotspot, considering the responses of distinct reproductive groups (oviparous and viviparous). We assessed the species richness and turnover patterns affected by climate change and projected the threat status of each snake species at the end of the century. We also evaluated the effectiveness of the protected areas in safeguarding the species by estimating the mean percentage overlap between snake species distribution and protected areas (PAs) network and by assessing whether such areas will gain or lose species under climate change. Our results showed greater species richness in the eastern-central portion of the Atlantic Forest at present. In general, we evidenced a drastic range contraction of the snake species under climate change. Temporal turnover tends to be high in the western and north-eastern edges of the biome, particularly for oviparous species. Our predictions indicate that 73.6% of oviparous species and 67.6% of viviparous species could lose at least half of their original range by 2080. We also found that existing protected areas of the Atlantic Forest Hotspot have a very limited capacity to safeguard snakes at the current time, maintaining the precarious protection in the future, with the majority of them predicted to lose species at the end of this century. Although oviparous and viviparous snakes have been designated to be dramatically impacted, our study suggests a greater fragility of the former in the face of climate change. We advocated that the creation of new protected areas and/or the redesign of the existing network to harbour regions that maximize the snake species occupancy in the face of future warming scenarios are crucial measures for the conservation of this group.
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11
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Alternative reproductive adaptations predict asymmetric responses to climate change in lizards. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5093. [PMID: 30911069 PMCID: PMC6433898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change ranks among the major global-scale threats to modern biodiversity. Extinction risks are known to increase via the interactions between rapid climatic alterations and environmentally-sensitive species traits that fail to adapt to those changes. Accumulating evidence reveals the influence of ecophysiological, ecological and phenological factors as drivers underlying demographic collapses that lead to population extinctions. However, the extent to which life-history traits influence population responses to climate change remains largely unexplored. The emerging ‘cul-de-sac hypothesis’ predicts that reptilian viviparity (‘live-bearing’ reproduction), a ‘key innovation’ facilitating historical invasions of cold climates, increases extinction risks under progressively warming climates compared to oviparous reproduction – as warming advances polewards/mountainwards, historically cold-climates shrink, leading viviparous species to face demographic collapses. We present the first large-scale test of this prediction based on multiple lizard radiations and on future projections of climate-based ecological niche models. Viviparous species were found to experience stronger elevational range shifts (and potentially increased extinctions) in coming decades, compared to oviparous lizards. Therefore, our analyses support the hypothesis’s fundamental prediction that elevational shifts are more severe in viviparous species, and highlight the role that life-history adaptations play in the responses of biodiversity to ongoing climate change.
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12
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DURAN FERNANDO, BORETTO JORGELINAM, FERNÁNDEZ JIMENAB, MOLINA MORAIBÁÑEZ, MEDINA MARLINS, IBARGÜENGOYTÍA NORAR. Impact of immunological state on eco-physiological variables in one of the southernmost lizards in the world. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 91:e20190055. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920190055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Esquerré D, Brennan IG, Catullo RA, Torres‐Pérez F, Keogh JS. How mountains shape biodiversity: The role of the Andes in biogeography, diversification, and reproductive biology in South America's most species‐rich lizard radiation (Squamata: Liolaemidae). Evolution 2018; 73:214-230. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Esquerré
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National University 0200 Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Ian G. Brennan
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National University 0200 Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Renee A. Catullo
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National University 0200 Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- School of Science & Health and Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University 2751 Perth New South Wales Australia
| | - Fernando Torres‐Pérez
- Instituto de BiologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso 2950 Valparaíso Chile
| | - J. Scott Keogh
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National University 0200 Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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14
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Foucart T, Heulin B, Lourdais O. Small changes, big benefits: testing the significance of maternal thermoregulation in a lizard with extended egg retention. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Foucart
- Station Biologique de Paimpont, UMR 6553 CNRS, Paimpont, France
- Centre d’étude biologique de Chizé CNRS, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Benoit Heulin
- Station Biologique de Paimpont, UMR 6553 CNRS, Paimpont, France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d’étude biologique de Chizé CNRS, Villiers en Bois, France
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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15
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Horváth B, Kalinka AT. The genetics of egg retention and fertilization success in Drosophila: One step closer to understanding the transition from facultative to obligate viviparity. Evolution 2018; 72:318-336. [PMID: 29265369 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oviparous, facultative egg retention enables Drosophila females to withhold fertilized eggs in their reproductive tracts until circumstances favor oviposition. The propensity to retain fertilized eggs varies greatly between species, and is correlated with other reproductive traits, such as egg size and ovariole number. While previous studies have described the phenomenon, no study to date has characterized within-species variation or the genetic basis of the trait. Here, we develop a novel microscope-based method for measuring egg retention in Drosophila females and determine the range of phenotypic variation in mated female egg retention in a subset of 91 Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) lines. We inferred the genetic basis of egg retention using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Further, the scoring of more than 95,000 stained, staged eggs enabled estimates of fertilization success for each line. We found evidence that ovary- and spermathecae-related genes as well as genes affecting olfactory behavior, male mating behavior, male-female attraction and sperm motility may play a crucial role in post-mating physiology. Based on our findings we also propose potential evolutionary routes toward obligate viviparity. In particular, we propose that the loss of fecundity incurred by viviparity could be offset by benefits arising from enhanced mate discrimination, resource specialization, or modified egg morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Horváth
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna A-1210, Austria.,Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna A-1210, Austria.,Current Address: Barbara Ellis, Institutionen för ekologi och genetik, Evolutionsbiologiskt Centrum (EBC), Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alex T Kalinka
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna A-1210, Austria
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16
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López Juri G, Chiaraviglio M, Cardozo G. Do female reproductive stage and phenotype influence thermal requirements in an oviparous lizard? J Therm Biol 2018; 71:202-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Slow life histories in lizards living in the highlands of the Andes Mountains. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 188:491-503. [PMID: 29150716 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the highlands of the Andes, lizards must balance precisely the allocation of energy for growth and reproduction to ensure their survival. We studied the individuals' age, growth rates, age at sexual maturity, and maximum life span of the viviparous lizard Phymaturus antofagastensis, endemic of cold and harsh environments at high altitudes in the Andes Mountains of Catamarca province, Argentina. We also estimated key life history parameters like reproductive effort, lifetime reproductive effort, net reproductive rate, and relative reproductive time in P. antofagastensis as well as in other Phymaturus to compare the interplay among growth, maintenance, and reproduction in species that live across a latitudinal and altitudinal gradient. We found that females and males of P. antofagastensis mature late in life, at 6-7 years old, respectively, and some individuals reached 20 years of age. Adult females showed higher specific growth rates than males and an adult life span of 9 years which, due to their biennial reproduction, results in an estimated production of only four litters in life. This species exhibits one of the highest lifetime reproductive efforts described for lizards. Our results indicate the existence of a tradeoff between the number of reproductive events throughout life and reproductive effort devoted to each event in Phymaturus, related to the phylogenetic group. The palluma group shows low reproductive effort but high number of reproductive events throughout their lives, whereas the patagonicus group shows high reproductive efforts in low number of reproductive events.
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18
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Fernández JB, Kubisch EL, Ibargüengoytía NR. Viviparity Advantages in the Lizard Liolaemus sarmientoi from the End of the World. Evol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-017-9410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Maternal Stress Affects Fetal Growth but Not Developmental Instability in Rabbits. Symmetry (Basel) 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/sym8100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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20
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Swift DG, Dunning LT, Igea J, Brooks EJ, Jones CS, Noble LR, Ciezarek A, Humble E, Savolainen V. Evidence of positive selection associated with placental loss in tiger sharks. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:126. [PMID: 27296413 PMCID: PMC4906603 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All vertebrates initially feed their offspring using yolk reserves. In some live-bearing species these yolk reserves may be supplemented with extra nutrition via a placenta. Sharks belonging to the Carcharhinidae family are all live-bearing, and with the exception of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier), develop placental connections after exhausting yolk reserves. Phylogenetic relationships suggest the lack of placenta in tiger sharks is due to secondary loss. This represents a dramatic shift in reproductive strategy, and is likely to have left a molecular footprint of positive selection within the genome. RESULTS We sequenced the transcriptome of the tiger shark and eight other live-bearing shark species. From this data we constructed a time-calibrated phylogenetic tree estimating the tiger shark lineage diverged from the placental carcharhinids approximately 94 million years ago. Along the tiger shark lineage, we identified five genes exhibiting a signature of positive selection. Four of these genes have functions likely associated with brain development (YWHAE and ARL6IP5) and sexual reproduction (VAMP4 and TCTEX1D2). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the loss of placenta in tiger sharks may be associated with subsequent adaptive changes in brain development and sperm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic G Swift
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - Luke T Dunning
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Javier Igea
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Edward J Brooks
- Shark Research & Conservation Program, Cape Eleuthera Institute, PO Box EL - 26029, Eleuthera, the Bahamas
| | - Catherine S Jones
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Leslie R Noble
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Adam Ciezarek
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Emily Humble
- Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vincent Savolainen
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.
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21
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Mesquita DO, Costa GC, Colli GR, Costa TB, Shepard DB, Vitt LJ, Pianka ER. Life-History Patterns of Lizards of the World. Am Nat 2016; 187:689-705. [DOI: 10.1086/686055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Cattin L, Schuerch J, Salamin N, Dubey S. Why are some species older than others? A large-scale study of vertebrates. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:90. [PMID: 27142042 PMCID: PMC4855795 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strong variations are observed between and within taxonomic groups in the age of extant species and these differences can clarify factors that render species more vulnerable to extinction. Understanding the factors that influence the resilience of species is thus a key component of evolutionary biology, but it is also of prime importance in a context of climate change and for conservation in general. We explored the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the timing of the oldest diversification event in over 600 vertebrate species distributed worldwide. We used phylogenetic comparative methods to show that color polymorphism, latitude and reproduction (the latter through its interaction with latitude) affected the timing of the oldest diversification event within a species. RESULTS Species from higher latitudes tended to be younger, and colour-polymorphic species were older than monomorphic species. Mode of reproduction was important also, in that the age of oviparous species decreased with latitude, whereas no pattern was apparent for viviparous species. Organisms which have already persisted for a long time may be more likely to deal with future modifications of their environment. CONCLUSIONS Species that are colour polymorphic, viviparous, and/or live at low latitudes have exhibited resilience to past environmental changes, and hence may be better able to deal with current climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Cattin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Schuerch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Dubey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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23
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Cecchetto NR, Naretto S. Do sex, body size and reproductive condition influence the thermal preferences of a large lizard? A study in Tupinambis merianae. J Therm Biol 2015; 53:198-204. [PMID: 26590472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Body temperature is a key factor in physiological processes, influencing lizard performances; and life history traits are expected to generate variability of thermal preferences in different individuals. Gender, body size and reproductive condition may impose specific requirements on preferred body temperatures. If these three factors have different physiological functions and thermal requirements, then the preferred temperature may represent a compromise that optimizes these physiological functions. Therefore, the body temperatures that lizards select in a controlled environment may reflect a temperature that maximizes their physiological needs. The tegu lizard Tupinambis merianae is one of the largest lizards in South America and has wide ontogenetic variation in body size and sexual dimorphism. In the present study we evaluate intraspecific variability of thermal preferences of T. merianae. We determined the selected body temperature and the rate at which males and females attain their selected temperature, in relation to body size and reproductive condition. We also compared the behavior in the thermal gradient between males and females and between reproductive condition of individuals. Our study show that T. merianae selected body temperature within a narrow range of temperatures variation in the laboratory thermal gradient, with 36.24±1.49°C being the preferred temperature. We observed no significant differences between sex, body size and reproductive condition in thermal preferences. Accordingly, we suggest that the evaluated categories of T. merianae have similar thermal requirements. Males showed higher rates to obtain heat than females and reproductive females, higher rates than non-reproductive ones females. Moreover, males and reproductive females showed a more dynamic behavior in the thermal gradient. Therefore, even though they achieve the same selected temperature, they do it differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Naretto
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), CONICET and Laboratorio Biología del Comportamiento, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba CP: X5000JJC, Argentina..
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24
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Shine R. The evolution of oviparity in squamate reptiles: An adaptationist perspective. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2015; 324:487-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Shine
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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25
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Griffith OW, Blackburn DG, Brandley MC, Van Dyke JU, Whittington CM, Thompson MB. Ancestral state reconstructions require biological evidence to test evolutionary hypotheses: A case study examining the evolution of reproductive mode in squamate reptiles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2015; 324:493-503. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W. Griffith
- School of Biological Sciences; Heydon Laurence Building (A08); University of Sydney; Camperdown NSW Australia
| | | | - Matthew C. Brandley
- School of Biological Sciences; Heydon Laurence Building (A08); University of Sydney; Camperdown NSW Australia
| | - James U. Van Dyke
- School of Biological Sciences; Heydon Laurence Building (A08); University of Sydney; Camperdown NSW Australia
| | - Camilla M. Whittington
- School of Biological Sciences; Heydon Laurence Building (A08); University of Sydney; Camperdown NSW Australia
| | - Michael B. Thompson
- School of Biological Sciences; Heydon Laurence Building (A08); University of Sydney; Camperdown NSW Australia
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26
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Pyron RA, Burbrink FT. Contrasting models of parity-mode evolution in squamate reptiles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2015; 324:467-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences; The George Washington University; Washington DC
| | - Frank T. Burbrink
- Department of Biology; The Graduate School and University Center; The City University of New York; New York New York
- Department of Biology; The College of Staten Island; The City University of New York; New York New York
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27
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Webber MM, Gibbs AG, Rodríguez-Robles JA. Hot and not-so-hot females: reproductive state and thermal preferences of female Arizona Bark Scorpions (Centruroides sculpturatus). J Evol Biol 2015; 28:368-75. [PMID: 25495081 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For ectotherms, environmental temperatures influence numerous life history characteristics, and the body temperatures (Tb ) selected by individuals can affect offspring fitness and parental survival. Reproductive trade-offs may therefore ensue for gravid females, because temperatures conducive to embryonic development may compromise females' body condition. We tested whether reproduction influenced thermoregulation in female Arizona Bark Scorpions (Centruroides sculpturatus). We predicted that gravid females select higher Tb and thermoregulate more precisely than nonreproductive females. Gravid C. sculpturatus gain body mass throughout gestation, which exposes larger portions of their pleural membrane, possibly increasing their rates of transcuticular water loss in arid environments. Accordingly, we tested whether gravid C. sculpturatus lose water faster than nonreproductive females. We determined the preferred Tb of female scorpions in a thermal gradient and measured water loss rates using flow-through respirometry. Gravid females preferred significantly higher Tb than nonreproductive females, suggesting that gravid C. sculpturatus alter their thermoregulatory behaviour to promote offspring fitness. However, all scorpions thermoregulated with equal precision, perhaps because arid conditions create selective pressure on all females to thermoregulate effectively. Gravid females lost water faster than nonreproductive animals, indicating that greater exposure of the pleural membrane during gestation enhances the desiccation risk of reproductive females. Our findings suggest that gravid C. sculpturatus experience a trade-off, whereby selection of higher Tb and increased mass during gestation increase females' susceptibility to water loss, and thus their mortality risk. Elucidating the mechanisms that influence thermal preferences may reveal how reproductive trade-offs shape the life history of ectotherms in arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Webber
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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28
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Evolution of an Evolutionary Hypothesis: A History of Changing Ideas about the Adaptive Significance of Viviparity in Reptiles. J HERPETOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1670/13-075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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30
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Colour discrimination and associative learning in hatchling lizards incubated at ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ temperatures. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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31
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Pyron RA, Burbrink FT. Early origin of viviparity and multiple reversions to oviparity in squamate reptiles. Ecol Lett 2013; 17:13-21. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Alexander Pyron
- Department of Biological Sciences; The George Washington University; 2023 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 USA
| | - Frank T. Burbrink
- Department of Biology; The Graduate School and University Center; The City University of New York; 365 5th Ave. New York NY 10016 USA
- Department of Biology; The College of Staten Island; The City University of New York; 2800 Victory Blvd. Staten Island NY 10314 USA
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Lourdais O, Guillon M, DeNardo D, Blouin-Demers G. Cold climate specialization: Adaptive covariation between metabolic rate and thermoregulation in pregnant vipers. Physiol Behav 2013; 119:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Michel CL, Pastore JH, Bonnet X. Impact of cool versus warm temperatures on gestation in the aspic viper (Vipera aspis). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:338-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Lambert SM, Wiens JJ. Evolution of viviparity: a phylogenetic test of the cold-climate hypothesis in phrynosomatid lizards. Evolution 2013; 67:2614-30. [PMID: 24033171 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of viviparity is a key life-history transition in vertebrates, but the selective forces favoring its evolution are not fully understood. With >100 origins of viviparity, squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) are ideal for addressing this issue. Some evidence from field and laboratory studies supports the "cold-climate" hypothesis, wherein viviparity provides an advantage in cold environments by allowing mothers to maintain higher temperatures for developing embryos. Surprisingly, the cold-climate hypothesis has not been tested using both climatic data and phylogenetic comparative methods. Here, we investigate the evolution of viviparity in the lizard family Phrynosomatidae using GIS-based environmental data, an extensive phylogeny (117 species), and recently developed comparative methods. We find significant relationships between viviparity and lower temperatures during the warmest (egg-laying) season, strongly supporting the cold-climate hypothesis. Remarkably, we also find that viviparity tends to evolve more frequently at tropical latitudes, despite its association with cooler climates. Our results help explain this and two related patterns that seemingly contradict the cold-climate hypothesis: the presence of viviparous species restricted to low-elevation tropical regions and the paucity of viviparous species at high latitudes. Finally, we examine whether viviparous taxa may be at higher risk of extinction from anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea M Lambert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721.
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35
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36
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Oviparity or viviparity? That is the question…. Reprod Biol 2012; 12:259-64. [PMID: 23153695 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The modes of reproduction undoubtedly represent one of the most critical life-history traits because they profoundly affect fitness and survival. The parent-offspring conflict over the degree of parental investment may be the main selective factor in the evolution of reproduction. Although the modes of sexual reproduction are remarkably diversified in animals, the traditional typology spanning three classes does not seem to be adequate to clarify the level of parental investment. Thus, lecithotrophy does not provide any information on the retention of the zygotes inside the parent's body and matrotrophy only indicates that nutrients are provided by mother but does not make any distinction between various types of maternal care. I here present a scientific typology of the reproductive modes comprising five classes: ovuliparity, oviparity, ovo-viviparity, histotrophic viviparity and hemotrophic viviparity. Based on the development stage of the zygote and on its interrelation with the parent, my classification details the degree of contrivances by which animals provide alternative parental investment in their offspring. Hence, this typology possesses a great heuristic value, both in reproduction and evolutionary biology. These different modes of reproduction do represent a sequence, with ovuliparity being the most primitive and hemotrophic viviparity the most advanced mode. Lastly, the comparative analysis of different reproductive modes in vertebrates suggests that climatic conditions (cold) could be one of the strongest selection pressures for extending egg retention and the establishment of viviparity.
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37
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Tang XL, Yue F, Yan XF, Zhang DJ, Xin Y, Wang C, Chen Q. Effects of gestation temperature on offspring sex and maternal reproduction in a viviparous lizard (Eremias multiocellata) living at high altitude. J Therm Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Shine R. Manipulative Mothers and Selective Forces: The Effects of Reproduction On Thermoregulation In Reptiles. HERPETOLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-12-00004.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Fenwick AM, Greene HW, Parkinson CL. The serpent and the egg: unidirectional evolution of reproductive mode in vipers? J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Clusella-Trullas S, Blackburn TM, Chown SL. Climatic Predictors of Temperature Performance Curve Parameters in Ectotherms Imply Complex Responses to Climate Change. Am Nat 2011; 177:738-51. [DOI: 10.1086/660021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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41
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Uller T, While GM, Cadby CD, Harts A, O'Connor K, Pen I, Wapstra E. Altitudinal divergence in maternal thermoregulatory behaviour may be driven by differences in selection on offspring survival in a viviparous lizard. Evolution 2011; 65:2313-24. [PMID: 21790577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plastic responses to temperature during embryonic development are common in ectotherms, but their evolutionary relevance is poorly understood. Using a combination of field and laboratory approaches, we demonstrate altitudinal divergence in the strength of effects of maternal thermal opportunity on offspring birth date and body mass in a live-bearing lizard (Niveoscincus ocellatus). Poor thermal opportunity decreased birth weight at low altitudes where selection on body mass was negligible. In contrast, there was no effect of maternal thermal opportunity on body mass at high altitudes where natural selection favored heavy offspring. The weaker effect of poor maternal thermal opportunity on offspring development at high altitude was accompanied by a more active thermoregulation and higher body temperature in highland females. This may suggest that passive effects of temperature on embryonic development have resulted in evolution of adaptive behavioral compensation for poor thermal opportunity at high altitudes, but that direct effects of maternal thermal environment are maintained at low altitudes because they are not selected against. More generally, we suggest that phenotypic effects of maternal thermal opportunity or incubation temperature in reptiles will most commonly reflect weak selection for canalization or selection on maternal strategies rather than adaptive plasticity to match postnatal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Uller
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, OX1 3PS, Oxford, UK.
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Blackburn D, Stewart J. Viviparity and Placentation in Snakes. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND PHYLOGENY OF SNAKES 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b10879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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ANDREWS ROBINM, KARSTEN KRISTOPHERB. Evolutionary innovations of squamate reproductive and developmental biology in the family Chamaeleonidae. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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ROBBINS TRAVISR, WARNER DANIELA. Fluctuations in the incubation moisture environment affect growth but not survival of hatchling lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Gao JF, Qu YF, Luo LG, Ji X. Evolution of Reptilian Viviparity: A Test of the Maternal Manipulation Hypothesis in a Temperate Snake,Gloydius brevicaudus(Viperidae). Zoolog Sci 2010; 27:248-55. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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PIKE DAVIDA, WEBB JONATHANK, SHINE RICHARD. Nesting in a thermally challenging environment: nest-site selection in a rock-dwelling gecko, Oedura lesueurii (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rodríguez-Díaz T, González F, Ji X, Braña F. Effects of incubation temperature on hatchling phenotypes in an oviparous lizard with prolonged egg retention: are the two main hypotheses on the evolution of viviparity compatible? ZOOLOGY 2010; 113:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lynch VJ, Wagner GP. DID EGG-LAYING BOAS BREAK DOLLO'S LAW? PHYLOGENETIC EVIDENCE FOR REVERSAL TO OVIPARITY IN SAND BOAS (ERYX: BOIDAE). Evolution 2010; 64:207-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00790.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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