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Bivacqua R, Barreca M, Spanò V, Raimondi MV, Romeo I, Alcaro S, Andrei G, Barraja P, Montalbano A. Insight into non-nucleoside triazole-based systems as viral polymerases inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115136. [PMID: 36708678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have been recognized as the etiological agents responsible for many pathological conditions ranging from asymptomatic infections to serious diseases, even leading to death. For this reason, many efforts have been made to identify selective viral targets with the aim of developing efficient therapeutic strategies, devoid of drug-resistance issues. Considering their crucial role in the viral life cycle, polymerases are very attractive targets. Among the classes of compounds explored as viral polymerases inhibitors, here we present an overview of non-nucleoside triazole-based compounds identified in the last fifteen years. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of the different chemical entities are described in order to highlight the key chemical features required for the development of effective antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bivacqua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marilia Barreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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Callegari E, Domenicali M, Shankaraiah RC, D'Abundo L, Guerriero P, Giannone F, Baldassarre M, Bassi C, Elamin BK, Zagatti B, Ferracin M, Fornari F, Altavilla G, Blandamura S, Silini EM, Gramantieri L, Sabbioni S, Negrini M. MicroRNA-Based Prophylaxis in a Mouse Model of Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 14:239-250. [PMID: 30641476 PMCID: PMC6330511 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) arise in the context of chronic liver disease and/or cirrhosis. Thus, chemoprevention in individuals at risk represents an important but yet unproven approach. In this study, we investigated the ability of microRNA (miRNA)-based molecules to prevent liver cancer development in a cirrhotic model. To this end, we developed a mouse model able to recapitulate the natural progression from fibrosis to HCC, and then we tested the prophylactic activity of an miRNA-based approach in the model. The experiments were carried out in the TG221 transgenic mouse, characterized by the overexpression of miR-221 in the liver and predisposed to the development of liver tumors. TG221 as well as wild-type mice were exposed to the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce chronic liver damage. All mice developed liver cirrhosis, but only TG221 mice developed nodular lesions in 100% of cases within 6 months of age. The spectrum of lesions ranged from dysplastic foci to carcinomas. To investigate miRNA-based prophylactic approaches, anti-miR-221 oligonucleotides or miR-199a-3p mimics were administered to TG221 CCl4-treated mice. Compared to control animals, a significant reduction in number, size, and, most significantly, malignant phenotype of liver nodules was observed, thus demonstrating an important prophylactic action of miRNA-based molecules. In summary, in this article, we not only report a simple model of liver cancer in a cirrhotic background but also provide evidence for a potential miRNA-based approach to reduce the risk of HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Callegari
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Marco Domenicali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ram Charan Shankaraiah
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucilla D'Abundo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Guerriero
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Giannone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Baldassarre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Bassi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bahaeldin K Elamin
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, 61922 Bisha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, 11115 Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Barbara Zagatti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Fornari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Stella Blandamura
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Silini
- Section of Anatomy and Pathology, University Hospital of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Gramantieri
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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Novel Investigations of Flavonoids as Chemopreventive Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:840542. [PMID: 26858957 PMCID: PMC4695650 DOI: 10.1155/2015/840542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We would like to highlight the application of natural products to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We will focus on the natural products known as flavonoids, which target this disease at different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. In spite of the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in treating HCC, patients with HCC still face poor prognosis because of the nature of multidrug resistance and toxicity derived from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Flavonoids can be found in many vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines that exert their different anticancer effects via different intracellular signaling pathways and serve as antioxidants. In this review, we will discuss seven common flavonoids that exert different biological effects against HCC via different pathways.
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Çıkla-Süzgün P, Kaushik-Basu N, Basu A, Arora P, Talele TT, Durmaz I, Çetin-Atalay R, Küçükgüzel Ş. Anti-cancer and anti-hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase activity of etodolac 1,2,4-triazoles. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 30:778-85. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.971780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Çıkla-Süzgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey,
| | - Neerja Kaushik-Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, NJ, USA,
| | - Amartya Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, NJ, USA,
| | - Payal Arora
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, NJ, USA,
| | - Tanaji T. Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA, and
| | - Irem Durmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rengül Çetin-Atalay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ş.Güniz Küçükgüzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey,
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Bishayee A. The role of inflammation and liver cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:401-35. [PMID: 24818732 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation is known to promote and exacerbate malignancy. Primary liver cancer, mostly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a clear example of inflammation-related cancer as more than 90 % of HCCs arise in the context of hepatic injury and inflammation. HCC represents the fifth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with about one million new cases diagnosed every year with almost an equal number of deaths. Chronic unresolved inflammation is associated with persistent hepatic injury and concurrent regeneration, leading to sequential development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually HCC. Irrespective of the intrinsic differences among various etiological factors, a common denominator at the origin of HCC is the perpetuation of a wound-healing response activated by parenchymal cell death and the resulting inflammatory cascade. Hence, the identification of fundamental inflammatory signaling pathways causing transition from chronic liver injury to dysplasia and HCC could depict new predictive biomarkers and targets to identify and treat patients with chronic liver inflammation. This chapter critically discusses the roles of several major cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, transcription factors, and enzymes as well as a distinct network of inflammatory signaling pathways in the development and progression of HCC. It also highlights and analyzes preclinical animal studies showing innovative approaches of targeting inflammatory mediators and signaling by a variety of natural compounds and synthetic agents to achieve effective therapy as well as prevention of hepatic malignancy. Additionally, current limitations and potential challenges associated with the inhibition of inflammatory signaling as well as future directions of research to accelerate clinical development of anti-inflammatory agents to prevent and treat liver cancer are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, 1600 East Hill Street, Signal Hill, CA, 90755, USA,
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Modeling progressive non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the laboratory mouse. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:473-86. [PMID: 24802098 PMCID: PMC4164843 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the world and its prevalence is rising. In the absence of disease progression, fatty liver poses minimal risk of detrimental health outcomes. However, advancement to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) confers a markedly increased likelihood of developing severe liver pathologies, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, organ failure, and cancer. Although a substantial percentage of NAFLD patients develop NASH, the genetic and molecular mechanisms driving this progression are poorly understood, making it difficult to predict which patients will ultimately develop advanced liver disease. Deficiencies in mechanistic understanding preclude the identification of beneficial prognostic indicators and the development of effective therapies. Mouse models of progressive NAFLD serve as a complementary approach to the direct analysis of human patients. By providing an easily manipulated experimental system that can be rigorously controlled, they facilitate an improved understanding of disease development and progression. In this review, we discuss genetically- and chemically-induced models of NAFLD that progress to NASH, fibrosis, and liver cancer in the context of the major signaling pathways whose disruption has been implicated as a driving force for their development. Additionally, an overview of nutritional models of progressive NAFLD is provided.
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Prostanoid EP1 receptor as the target of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:701-9. [PMID: 22555372 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active compound in green tea, on prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2))-induced proliferation and migration, and the expression of prostanoid EP(1) receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS HCC cell line HepG2, human hepatoma cell lines MHCC-97L, MHCC-97H and human hepatocyte cell line L02 were used. Cell viability was analyzed using MTT assay. PGE(2) production was determined with immunoassay. Wound healing assay and transwell filter assay were employed to assess the extent of HCC cell migration. The expression of EP(1) receptor and Gq protein were examined using Western blot assay. RESULTS PGE(2) (4-40000 nmol/L) or the EP(1) receptor agonist ONO-DI-004 (400-4000 nmol/L) increased the viability and migration of HepG2 cells in concentration-dependent manners. EGCG (100 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the viability and migration of HepG2 cells induced by PGE(2) or ONO-DI-004. HepG2 cells secreted an abundant amount of PGE(2) into the medium, and EGCG (100 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the PGE(2)production and EP(1) receptor expression in HepG2 cells. EGCG (100 μg/mL) also inhibited the viability of MHCC-97L cells, but not that of MHCC-97H cells. Both EGCG (100 μg/mL) and EP(1) receptor antagonist ONO-8711 inhibited PGE(2) 4 μmol/L and ONO-DI-004 400 nmol/L-induced growth and migration of HepG2 cells. Both EGCG (100 μg/mL) and ONO-8711 210 nmol/L inhibited PGE(2)- and ONO-DI-004-induced EP(1) expression. EGCG and ONO-8711 had synergistic effects in inhibiting EP(1) receptor expression. PGE(2), ONO-DI-004, ONO-8711, and EGCG had no effects on Gq expression in HepG2 cells, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the anti-HCC effects of EGCG might be mediated, at least partially, through the suppressing EP(1) receptor expression and PGE(2) production.
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Liang X, Hu YN, He SX, Deng Y, Li XF, Zhang YX, Hou HL, Zhu ZF. Significance of COX-2 and C/EBP β expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:3040-3044. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i28.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBP β) and to analyze their correlation with the clinical pathological parameters in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: The expression of COX-2 and C/EBP β in 59 HCC tissue specimens and 18 normal hepatic tissue specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: The positive rate of COX-2 expression in HCC was 72.9% (P < 0.05). COX-2 expression was correlated with Child-Pugh classification, tumor diameter, TNM stage, vein invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (P < 0.05). The positive rate of C/EBP β expression in HCC was 47.5% (P < 0.05). C/EBP β expression was correlated with history of alcohol use, tumor diameter and TNM stage (P < 0.05). A close correlation was noted between the expression of COX-2 and C/EBP β (r = 0.580, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: COX-2 is overexpressed in HCC and may be involved in early hepatocarcinogenesis. C/EBP β-related signal pathway may up-regulate the expression of COX-2 in the early stage of HCC.
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Breinig M, Rieker R, Eiteneuer E, Wertenbruch T, Haugg AM, Helmke BM, Schirmacher P, Kern MA. Differential expression of E-prostanoid receptors in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:547-57. [PMID: 17918156 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that inhibition of cyclooxygenases (e.g. COX-2) exerts antitumorigenic effects on hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), which are to a significant extent due to the abrogation of PGE(2) synthesis. PGE(2) acts via differentially regulated prostaglandin receptors (EP(1-4)). Our study was designed to investigate the expression pattern of EP-receptors in HCCs and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of selective EP-receptor antagonists. Using tissue microarrays including a total of 14 control livers, 17 liver cirrhoses, 22 premalignant dysplastic nodules (DNs) and 162 HCCs with different histological grades, the expression of COX-2, mPGES-1 and -2 and EP(1-4)-receptors was analyzed. Western immunoblot analyses were performed to confirm the expression in HCC cell lines. The effects of EP(1-4)-receptor antagonism on cell viability and apoptosis were investigated using MTT-assays and FACS-analyses, respectively. COX-2, mPGES-1 and -2 and EP(1-4)-receptors were expressed in all HCC tissues. COX-2 expression was highest in DNs and declined with loss of HCC-differentiation. With respect to COX-2 expression, a converse expression of EP(1-3) -receptors and mPGES-1 and -2 was found in DNs compared to HCCs. Selectively antagonizing EP(1)- and EP(3)-receptors reduced the viability of HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with apoptosis induction. Our results suggest a differential regulation of EP-receptor subtype expression with dedifferentiation of HCCs in which a converse expression pattern for COX-2 in comparison to EP(1-3)-receptors occurs. Of clinical interest, selectively antagonizing EP(1)- and EP(3)-receptors may provide a novel systemic therapeutic approach to the treatment of HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Breinig
- Department of General Pathology, University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Wentz SC, Wu H, Yip-Schneider MT, Hennig M, Klein PJ, Sebolt-Leopold J, Schmidt CM. Targeting MEK is effective chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in TGF-alpha-transgenic mice. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12:30-7. [PMID: 17987349 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-007-0396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes 600,000 mortalities per year worldwide. Previous studies from our lab provide evidence for altered mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) signaling in HCC pathogenesis. We hypothesized that pharmacologic targeting of MEK may prevent HCC. Transforming growth factor-alpha-transgenic mice (CD1-MT42) exposed to diethylnitrosamine were randomized to 20 (trial I) or 35 (trial II) weeks of MEK inhibitor PD0325901 (1, 10 mg/kg) or control via orogastric gavage. Ten HCC (44%) formed in trial I controls versus 0 in treatment arms (p<0.05). Fourteen HCC (50%) formed in trial II controls versus 1 (9%) in treatment arms (p<0.05). Mean HCC volume was 578 mm3 in control versus 46 mm3 in the single tumor formed in trial II. In trial I, foci of altered hepatocytes (FAH) formed in 78% of control versus 40% and 0% (1 and 10 mg/kg PD0325901) in treatment arms (p<0.05). In trial II, incidence of FAH was 80% in control versus 20% and 50% (1 and 10 mg/kg PD0325901) in treatment arms (p<0.05). Hepatocyte expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase dose-dependently decreased in trial I but remained the same in trial II. Control and treated HCC demonstrated similar proliferation rates, but apoptosis appeared increased with treatment. MEK targeting is effective HCC chemoprevention, perhaps by lowering the apoptotic threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina C Wentz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W Walnut St R4-039, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Funahashi H, Satake M, Dawson D, Huynh NA, Reber HA, Hines OJ, Eibl G. Delayed progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in a conditional Kras(G12D) mouse model by a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Cancer Res 2007; 67:7068-71. [PMID: 17652141 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are thought to arise from noninvasive, intraductal precursor lesions called pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanIN). The study of PanINs holds great promise for the identification of early detection markers and effective cancer-preventing strategies. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) represents an intriguing target for therapeutic and preventive approaches in various human malignancies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a selective COX-2 inhibitor to prevent the progression of PanINs in a conditional Kras(G12D) mouse model. Offspring of LSL-KRAS(G12D) x PDX-1-Cre intercrosses were randomly allocated to a diet supplemented with the selective COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide (400 ppm) or a control diet. After 10 months, animals were sacrificed. Successful recombination in the pancreas was evaluated by PCR. The pancreas of KRAS(G12D);PDX-1-Cre mice was analyzed for the presence of murine PanINs. Animals fed the COX-2 inhibitor had significantly fewer PanIN-2 and PanIN-3 lesions than control animals (P < 0.05). Ten percent of all pancreatic ducts in the nimesulide-fed animals showed PanIN-2 or PanIN-3 lesions, whereas 40% of the pancreatic ducts in the control animals had PanIN-2 or PanIN-3 lesions. Intrapancreatic prostaglandin E(2) levels were reduced in nimesulide-fed animals. Immunohistochemistry confirmed COX-2 expression in early and late PanINs. In summary, we found that the selective COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide delays the progression of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions in a preclinical animal model. These data highlight the importance of COX-2 in the development of pancreatic cancer. Inhibition of COX-2 may represent an intriguing strategy to prevent pancreatic cancer in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Funahashi
- Hirshberg Laboratories for Pancreatic Cancer Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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