1
|
Zhu Y, Dou Y, Qin L, Wang H, Wen Z. Prediction of Ki-67 of Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer Based on Ultrasound Radiomics Nomogram. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:649-664. [PMID: 35851691 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this research was to develop and validate an ultrasound-based radiomics nomogram for the pre-operative assessment of Ki-67 in breast cancer (BC). MATERIALS AND METHODS From December 2016 to December 2018, 515 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer who received two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound and Ki-67 examination were studied and analyzed retrospectively. The dataset was distributed at random into a training cohort (n = 360) and a test cohort (n = 155) in the ratio of 7:3. Each tumor region of interest was defined based on 2D ultrasound images and radiomics features were extracted. ANOVA, maximum correlation minimum redundancy (mRMR) algorithm, and minimum absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed to pick features, and independent clinical predictors were integrated with radscore to construct the nomogram for predicting Ki-67 index by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The performance and utility of the models were evaluated by plotting receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curves. RESULTS In the testing cohort, the area under the receiver characteristic curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.770 (95% confidence interval, 0.690-0.860). In both cohorts, the nomogram outperformed both the clinical model and the radiomics model (P < .05 according to the DeLong test). The analysis of DCA proved that the model has clinical utility. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram based on 2D ultrasound images offered an approach for predicting Ki-67 in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpei Zhu
- Ultrasound Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanping Dou
- Ultrasound Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Ultrasound Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Ultrasound Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhihong Wen
- Radiology Department, Dalian Fifth People's Hospital, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martínez-Pérez C, Turnbull AK, Kay C, Dixon JM. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:67-86. [PMID: 36633402 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2162043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While endocrine therapy is the standard-of-care adjuvant treatment for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancers, there is also extensive evidence for the role of pre-operative (or neoadjuvant) endocrine therapy (NET) in HR+ postmenopausal women. AREAS COVERED We conducted a thorough review of the published literature, to summarize the evidence to date, including studies of how NET compares to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which NET agents are preferable, and the optimal duration of NET. We describe the importance of on-treatment assessment of response, the different predictors available (including Ki67, PEPI score, and molecular signatures) and the research opportunities the pre-operative setting offers. We also summarize recent combination trials and discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic led to increases in NET use for safe management of cases with deferred surgery and adjuvant treatments. EXPERT OPINION NET represents a safe and effective tool for the management of postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2- breast cancer, enabling disease downstaging and a wider range of surgical options. Aromatase inhibitors are the preferred NET, with evidence suggesting that longer regimens might yield optimal results. However, NET remains currently underutilised in many territories and institutions. Further validation of predictors for treatment response and benefit is needed to help standardise and fully exploit the potential of NET in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Edinburgh Breast Cancer Now Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Arran K Turnbull
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Edinburgh Breast Cancer Now Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Charlene Kay
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Edinburgh Breast Cancer Now Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - J Michael Dixon
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Edinburgh Breast Cancer Now Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Breast Cancer Management in 2021: A Primer for the OB GYN. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 82:30-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
4
|
Courtney A, O'Connell R, Rattay T, Kim B, Cutress RI, Kirwan CC, Gandhi A, Fairbrother P, Sharma N, Cartlidge CWJ, Horgan K, McIntosh SA, Leff DR, Vidya R, Potter S, Holcombe C, Copson E, Coles CE, Dave RV. The B-MaP-C study: Breast cancer management pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study protocol. Int J Surg Protoc 2020; 24:1-5. [PMID: 32838092 PMCID: PMC7388760 DOI: 10.1016/j.isjp.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Approximately 55,000 women in the United Kingdom are diagnosed with new breast cancer annually. Since emerging in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) has become a global pandemic, affecting healthcare delivery worldwide. In response to the pandemic, multiple guidelines were issued to assist with rationalising breast cancer care. The primary aim of the B-MaP-C study is to audit and describe breast cancer management of patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic against pre-COVID-19 management practice in the UK. The implications of changes to management will be determined and the impact of a COVID-19 diagnosis on the patient’s breast cancer management will be determined. Methods and analysis This is a multi-centre collaborative audit of consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing treatment decisions during the acute and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. All patients with newly diagnosed primary breast cancer, whose treatment was decided in a multidisciplinary meeting from the 16th March 2020, are eligible for inclusion. Ethics and dissemination As this is an audit ethical approval is not required. Each participating centre is required to register the study locally and obtain local governance approvals prior to commencement of data collection. Local audit data will be available to individual participating units for governance purposes. The results of the data analysis will be submitted for publication, as well as disseminated via the ABS newsletter and a webinar. All data will be presented at national and international conferences, circumstances permitting. Registration details Each participating centre received local governance audit registration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alona Courtney
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Rachel O'Connell
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Tim Rattay
- Department of Cancer Studies, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 2LX, UK
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Breast Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ramsey I Cutress
- University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Cliona C Kirwan
- The Nightingale Breast Cancer Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Ashu Gandhi
- The Nightingale Breast Cancer Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | | | - Nisha Sharma
- Breast Unit, Level 1 Chancellor Wing, St James's Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Kieran Horgan
- Department of Breast Surgery, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Stuart A McIntosh
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Daniel R Leff
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Raghavan Vidya
- The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton Road, Wolverhampton WV10 0QP, UK
| | - Shelley Potter
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Canynge Hall, Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS UK
| | - Chris Holcombe
- Linda McCartney Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK
| | - Ellen Copson
- University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | | | - Rajiv V Dave
- The Nightingale Breast Cancer Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A system for risk stratification and prioritization of breast cancer surgeries delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic: preparing for re-entry. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 183:515-524. [PMID: 32712878 PMCID: PMC7382558 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose During the COVID-19 pandemic, most breast surgery for benign and malignant conditions has been postponed, creating a backlog of patients who will need surgery. A fair and transparent system for assessing the risk of further delaying surgery for individual patients to prioritize surgical scheduling is needed. Methods Factors related to risk of delaying surgery for breast patients were identified. Scores were assigned to each factor, with higher scores indicating a greater risk from delaying surgery. REDCap and Microsoft Excel tools were designed to track and score delayed patients. Results Published data and multidisciplinary clinical judgement were used to assign risk scores based on patient and tumor factors, length of delay, and tumor response to preoperative therapy. Patients completing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assigned the highest scores as their options for delaying surgery are most limited. Among patients receiving neoadjuvant endocrine therapy or no medical therapy, higher scores were assigned for low-estrogen receptor or high-genomic risk scores, higher grade, larger tumors, younger age and longer delay. High priority scores were assigned for progression during preoperative therapy. Low scores were assigned for re-excisions, atypical lesions and other benign indications. There was good agreement of the tool’s ranking of sample patients with rankings by experienced clinicians. The tool generates risk-stratified patient lists by surgeon or institution to facilitate assignment of surgery dates. Conclusions This tool generates a clinically consistent, risk-stratified priority list of breast surgical procedures delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic approach may facilitate surgical scheduling as conditions normalize.
Collapse
|
6
|
LeVasseur N, Willemsma KA, Li H, Gondara L, Yip WC, Illmann C, Chia SK, Simmons C. Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy Versus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in ER-positive Breast Cancer: Results From a Prospective Institutional Database. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:e683-e689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
7
|
Sato N, Masuda N, Morimoto T, Ueno T, Kanbayashi C, Kaneko K, Yasojima H, Saji S, Sasano H, Morita S, Ohno S, Toi M. Neoadjuvant exemestane or exemestane plus docetaxel and cyclophosphamide tailored by clinicopathological response to 12 weeks' exemestane exposure in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: A multicenter, open-label, phase II study. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5468-5481. [PMID: 31361400 PMCID: PMC6745863 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the efficacy and safety of initial neoadjuvant endocrine therapy with exemestane alone followed by tailored treatment, either continued exemestane monotherapy or exemestane plus docetaxel–cyclophosphamide (TC) combination therapy, in postmenopausal patients with primary invasive estrogen receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative, stage I‐IIIA breast cancer and Ki67 labeling index ≤30%. In this open‐label phase II study, patients initially received exemestane 25 mg/d for 12 weeks. Responders were defined as patients who achieved complete response (CR), partial response (PR) with Ki67 labeling index ≤5% after treatment, or stable disease with Ki67 labeling index ≤5% both before and after treatment. For the subsequent 12 weeks, exemestane monotherapy was continued for responders (group A), whereas nonresponders received exemestane plus four cycles of TC (docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) (group B). Clinical response rate (ie the proportion of patients with CR or PR) at 24 weeks was the primary endpoint. Of 64 patients provisionally enrolled between December 2010 and May 2016, 58 (median age 60 years) started the study treatment. Five patients discontinued treatment in the initial exemestane monotherapy period, and 39 completed the study treatment. Clinical response rates at 8‐12 and 24 weeks were 71% (10/14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 41.9%‐91.6%) and 57% (8/14, 95% CI 28.9%‐82.3%), respectively, in group A, and 16% (4/25, 95% CI 4.5%‐36.1%) and 56% (14/25, 95% CI 34.9%‐75.6%), respectively, in group B. Grade ≥3 adverse events were reported in 8% (1/15) and 53% (20/38) in group A and group B, respectively. The tailored treatment maintained the favorable clinical response to exemestane alone in responders and improved clinical response in nonresponders. Trial number UMIN000004752 (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Sato
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Morimoto
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yao Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ueno
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizuko Kanbayashi
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koji Kaneko
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasojima
- Department of Surgery, Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Surgery (Breast Surgery), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ueno T, Saji S, Chiba T, Kamma H, Isaka H, Itoh H, Imi K, Miyamoto K, Tada M, Sasano H, Toi M, Imoto S. Progesterone receptor expression in proliferating cancer cells of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2019; 40:1010428318811025. [PMID: 30841783 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318811025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been suggested to have two distinct driving mechanisms: the hormone receptor and the growth factor receptor pathways. We hypothesized that each driving system produces a different expression pattern of estrogen-regulated genes, such as progesterone receptor, in proliferating cells. Progesterone receptor and Ki67 expressions were assessed by dual-fluorescence immunohistochemistry in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer tissues. Two distinct proliferating cell populations were observed: progesterone-receptor-positive and progesterone-receptor-negative. In the training cohort, tissues with progesterone-receptor-positive proliferating cells were associated with lower grade and better disease-free survival (p = 0.0055 and 0.0026, respectively). These associations were confirmed in the validation cohort from the neoadjuvant endocrine trial JFMC34 (p = 0.033 and 0.0003, respectively). In the validation cohort, patients with progesterone-receptor-positive proliferating cells responded better to endocrine therapy and had a lower Oncotype DX Recurrence Score. In the multivariate analysis, progesterone receptor status of proliferating cells, but not progesterone receptor or Ki67 alone, was an independent predictor of disease-free survival in both cohorts (p = 0.0043 and 0.0026). In conclusion, the progesterone receptor status of proliferating cancer cells was associated with histological grade and Recurrence Score, and a potent prognostic factor in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers. Results suggest that different driving systems generate different expression patterns of progesterone receptor in proliferating cancer cells. Further studies are warranted to validate the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ueno
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Oncology Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiba
- 4 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamma
- 4 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Isaka
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Itoh
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Imi
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaisuke Miyamoto
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Tada
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- 5 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- 6 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Imoto
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ueno T, Saji S, Masuda N, Iwata H, Kuroi K, Sato N, Takei H, Yamamoto Y, Ohno S, Yamashita H, Hisamatsu K, Aogi K, Sasano H, Toi M. Changes in Recurrence Score by neoadjuvant endocrine therapy of breast cancer and their prognostic implication. ESMO Open 2019; 4:e000476. [PMID: 30962956 PMCID: PMC6435245 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) can improve surgical outcomes in postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The Ki67 labelling index after NET has a better prognostic power than that at baseline. However, it remains unknown whether a multigene assay with post-treatment samples could predict the prognosis better than that with pretreatment samples. Methods The prognostic value of the multigene assay Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) was investigated using pretreatment and post-treatment samples from a multicentre NET trial, JFMC34-0601 (UMIN C000000345), where exemestane was given at 25 mg/day for 24 weeks. Results Both pretreatment and post-treatment RSs were significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.005 and 0.002, respectively). The combination of pretreatment and post-treatment RSs was also a predictor of DFS (p=0.002) and superior to preoperative endocrine prognostic index (PEPI). Furthermore, combined RS was the only independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis among the three RSs (p=0.04). In addition, combined RS could differentiate early recurrence in the high-risk group from mid/late recurrence in the intermediate-risk group, suggesting possible differential treatment strategies based on the risk categories indicated by the combined RS. Conclusions The combination of pretreatment and post-treatment RSs could provide pivotal information for predicting DFS and differentiating early recurrence in the high-risk group from mid/late recurrence in the intermediate-risk group in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. A larger study is required to validate the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ueno
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kuroi
- Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Cooperation Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Sato
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamashita
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Kenjiro Aogi
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Differential Involvement of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Response to Chemoendocrine and Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer: JBCRG-07TR. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040984. [PMID: 30813476 PMCID: PMC6412499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is an essential component in the curative treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. To improve treatment efficacy, the addition of metronomic chemotherapy has been tested and shown to improve therapeutic effects. To better understand cellular reactions to metronomic chemoendocrine therapy, we studied autophagy-related markers, beclin 1 and LC3, and apoptosis-related markers, TUNEL and M30, in pre- and post-treatment cancer tissues from a multicenter neoadjuvant trial, JBCRG-07, in which oral cyclophosphamide plus letrozole were administered to postmenopausal patients with HR-positive breast cancer. Changes in the levels of markers were compared with those following neoadjuvant endocrine therapy according to clinical response. Apoptosis, in addition to autophagy-related markers, increased following metronomic chemoendocrine therapy and such increases were associated with clinical response. By contrast, following endocrine therapy, the levels of apoptosis-related markers did not increase regardless of clinical response, whereas the levels of autophagy-related markers increased. Furthermore, levels of the apoptosis-related marker, M30, decreased in responders of endocrine therapy, suggesting that the induction of apoptosis by metronomic chemoendocrine therapy was involved in the improved clinical outcome compared with endocrine therapy. In conclusion, metronomic chemoendocrine therapy induced a different cellular reaction from that of endocrine therapy, including the induction of apoptosis, which is likely to contribute to improved efficacy compared with endocrine therapy alone.
Collapse
|
11
|
Validation of the 21-gene test as a predictor of clinical response to neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for ER+, HER2-negative breast cancer: the TransNEOS study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 173:123-133. [PMID: 30242578 PMCID: PMC6394785 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The Recurrence Score test is validated to predict benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. TransNEOS, a translational study of New Primary Endocrine-therapy Origination Study (NEOS), evaluated whether Recurrence Score results can predict clinical response to neoadjuvant letrozole. Methods NEOS is a phase 3 clinical trial of hormonal therapy ± adjuvant chemotherapy for postmenopausal patients with ER+, HER2-negative, clinically node-negative breast cancer, after six months of neoadjuvant letrozole and breast surgery. TransNEOS patients had tumors ≥ 2 cm and archived core-biopsy samples taken before neoadjuvant letrozole and subsequently sent for Recurrence Score testing. The primary endpoint was to evaluate clinical (complete or partial) response to neoadjuvant letrozole for RS < 18 versus RS ≥ 31. Secondary endpoints included evaluation of clinical response and rate of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) by continuous Recurrence Score result, ESR1 and PGR single-gene scores, and ER gene-group score. Results Of 295 TransNEOS patients (median age 63 years; median tumor size 25 mm; 66% grade 1), 53.2% had RS < 18, 28.5% had RS18–30, and 18.3% had RS ≥ 31. Clinical response rates were 54% (RS < 18), 42% (RS18–30), and 22% (RS ≥ 31). A higher proportion of patients with RS < 18 had clinical responses (p < 0.001 vs. RS ≥ 31). In multivariable analyses, continuous Recurrence Score result (p < 0.001), ESR1 score (p = 0.049), PGR score (p < 0.001), and ER gene-group score (p < 0.001) were associated with clinical response. Recurrence Score group was significantly associated with rate of BCS after neoadjuvant treatment (RS < 18 vs. RS ≥ 31, p = 0.010). Conclusion The Recurrence Score test is validated to predict clinical response to neoadjuvant letrozole in postmenopausal patients with ER+, HER2-negative, clinically node-negative breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-018-4964-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
12
|
Therapeutic predictors of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy response in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer with reference to optimal gene expression profiling. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:353-362. [PMID: 30151737 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAET) for estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer causes adequate tumor shrinkage, and is expected to be helpful for breast-conserving surgery, but the adaptation criteria, especially in regard to treatment duration, have never been elucidated. Re-visiting past gene expression profiles, we explored the data for specialized pre-therapeutic predictors and validated the results using our in-house clinical cohorts. METHODS We sorted the genes related to a > 30% tumor volume reduction through NAET from a cDNA microarray data-set of GSE20181, then selected the top 40 genes. We validated these gene expression levels using pre-therapeutic biopsy samples obtained from patients treated with long-term NAET (over 4 months; N = 40). A short-term (2-8 weeks; N = 37) NAET cohort was also validated to clarify whether expression of these genes is also related to a rapid response of Ki67 and PEPI score. RESULTS In the long-term group, higher expression of KRAS, CUL2, FAM13A, ADCK2, and LILRA2 was significantly associated with tumor shrinkage, and KRAS, MMS19, and IVD were related to lower PEPI score (≤ 3). Meanwhile in the short-term group, none of these genes except CUL2 showed a direct correlation with Ki67 reduction or PEPI score. This suggested that tumor shrinkage by NAET might be induced by response to the hypoxic environment (CUL2, FAM13A, KRAS) and activation of tumor immune system (LILRA2), without involving inhibition of proliferation. CONCLUSION Expression of specific genes may allow selection of the most responsive patients for maximum tumor shrinkage with NAET.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma W, Ji Y, Qi L, Guo X, Jian X, Liu P. Breast cancer Ki67 expression prediction by DCE-MRI radiomics features. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:909.e1-909.e5. [PMID: 29970244 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether quantitative radiomics features extracted from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) are associated with Ki67 expression of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This institutional review board-approved retrospective study comprised 377 Chinese women who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 2015. This cohort included 53 low-Ki67 expression (Ki67 proliferation index less than 14%) and 324 cases with high-Ki67 expression (Ki67 proliferation index more than 14%). A binary-classification of low-versus high- Ki67 expression was performed. A set of 56 quantitative radiomics features, including morphological, greyscale statistic, and texture features, were extracted from the segmented lesion area. Three machine learning classification methods, including naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbour and support vector machine, were employed for the classification and the least absolute shrink age and selection operator (LASSO) method was used to select most predictive features set for the classifiers. Classification performance was evaluated by the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULES The model that used naive Bayes classification method achieved the best performance than the other two methods, yielding 0.773 AUC, 0.757 accuracy, 0.777 sensitivity and 0.769 specificity. Three most predictive features, i.e., contrast, entropy and line likeness, were selected by the LASSO method and showed a statistical significance (p<0.05) in the classification. CONCLUSION The present study showed that quantitative radiomics imaging features of breast tumour extracted from DCE-MRI are associated with breast cancer Ki67 expression. Future larger studies are needed in order to further evaluate the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Ma
- Department of Breast Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; Department of Biomedical and Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Y Ji
- Department of Breast Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - L Qi
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - X Guo
- Department of Breast Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - X Jian
- Department of Biomedical and Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - P Liu
- Department of Breast Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sato N, Masuda N, Morimoto T, Ueno T, Kanbayashi C, Kaneko K, Yasojima H, Saji S, Sasano H, Morita S, Ohno S, Toi M. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy with exemestane followed by response-guided combination therapy with low-dose cyclophosphamide in postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: A multicenter, open-label, phase II study. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3044-3056. [PMID: 29905023 PMCID: PMC6051169 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancer are less likely to achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy may be more appropriate than neoadjuvant chemotherapy in these hormone‐sensitive patients. Most patients with ER‐positive breast cancer are postmenopausal, and therefore, generally older and less able to tolerate chemotherapy. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of tailored neoadjuvant endocrine and chemoendocrine therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Untreated patients with primary invasive ER‐positive, HER2‐negative, stage I‐IIIA breast cancer, and Ki67 index ≤30% were enrolled. Patients received exemestane 25 mg/d for 12 weeks. Based on clinical response and change in Ki67 index, assessed at 8‐12 weeks, patients with complete response (CR), partial response (PR) with Ki67 index ≤5% after treatment, or stable disease (SD) with Ki67 index ≤5% before and after treatment were defined as responders. For the subsequent 24 weeks, responders continued exemestane monotherapy (group A), and nonresponders received exemestane 25 mg/d plus cyclophosphamide 50 mg/d (group B). The primary endpoint was clinical response at weeks 24 and 36. A total of 59 patients (median age, 69 years) started initial exemestane monotherapy. After exclusion of three patients who discontinued during this period, 56 remained enrolled to receive subsequent treatment. Clinical response rates (CR and PR) and 95% CI at weeks 24 and 36 were 85% (12/14; 57.2%‐98.2%) and 71% (10/14; 41.9%‐91.6%), respectively, in group A; and 54% (23/42; 38.7%‐70.2%) and 71% (30/42; 55.4%‐84.3%), respectively, in group B. At week 36, no significant difference was found in median Ki67 index between the groups (3.5% and 4.0%). There were no treatment‐related deaths. We found that clinical response comparable to that of responders was achieved in nonresponders after addition of cyclophosphamide to the initial endocrine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Sato
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Morimoto
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yao Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ueno
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizuko Kanbayashi
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koji Kaneko
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasojima
- Department of Surgery, Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Surgery (Breast Surgery), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ueno T, Masuda N, Kamigaki S, Morimoto T, Akiyama F, Kurosumi M, Tsuda H, Mikami Y, Tanaka S, Morita S, Toi M. A multicenter phase II trial of neoadjuvant letrozole plus low-dose cyclophosphamide in postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (JBCRG-07): therapeutic efficacy and clinical implications of circulating endothelial cells. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2442-2451. [PMID: 29733541 PMCID: PMC6010720 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy has been reported to decrease tumor size, which leads to increased breast conservation rates. To improve the clinical response, metronomic chemotherapy with endocrine therapy is a promising strategy. A multicenter phase II single‐arm neoadjuvant trial with letrozole and cyclophosphamide was conducted. Eligibility criteria included postmenopausal status, T2–4 N0–1, and estrogen receptor‐positive breast carcinoma. Letrozole (2.5 mg) plus cyclophosphamide (50 mg) was given orally once a day for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the clinical response rate (CRR). To investigate anti‐angiogenic effects, circulating endothelial cells (CECs) were quantified using the CellSearch system. From October 2007 to March 2010, 41 patients were enrolled. The CRR was 67.5% (52.0–80.0%), which was above the prespecified threshold (65%). The conversion rate from total mastectomy to breast‐conserving surgery was 64% (18/28). Grade 3 or greater nonhematological toxicity was not reported. Clinical response was associated with improved disease‐free survival (DFS) (P = 0.020). The increase in CEC counts at 8 weeks was observed in nonresponders (P = 0.004) but not in responders. Patients with higher CEC counts at baseline or post‐treatment showed worse DFS than those with lower counts (P < 0.001 at baseline and = 0.014 post‐treatment). Multivariate analysis showed that post‐treatment CEC counts but not pretreatment counts were independently correlated with DFS (P = 0.046). In conclusion, neoadjuvant letrozole plus cyclophosphamide showed a good clinical response for postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer. CEC quantification is a promising tool for treatment monitoring and prognostic stratification for metronomic therapy following validation of our results in larger studies. Clinical trial registration number: UMIN000001331 Phase II study of neoadjuvant letrozole combined with low‐dose metronomic cyclophosphamide for postmenopausal women with endocrine‐responsive breast cancer (JBCRG‐07)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ueno
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Futoshi Akiyama
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Tsuda
- Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sunao Tanaka
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ueno T, Saji S, Masuda N, Kuroi K, Sato N, Takei H, Yamamoto Y, Ohno S, Yamashita H, Hisamatsu K, Aogi K, Iwata H, Yamanaka T, Sasano H, Toi M. Impact of clinical response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy on patient outcomes: a follow-up study of JFMC34-0601 multicentre prospective neoadjuvant endocrine trial. ESMO Open 2018. [PMID: 29531841 PMCID: PMC5844383 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2017-000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) has been demonstrated to improve breast-conserving rate and is a widely accepted treatment option for postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. There are few reports on the association of NET response and long-term outcomes. Objectives To investigate the prognostic value of clinical response to NET. Methods Long-term outcomes of NET were examined in 107 patients who participated in the multicentre prospective neoadjuvant exemestane study, JFMC34-0601. Patients were treated with 25 mg/day exemestane for 16 weeks followed by an 8-week extension depending on the treatment response. Results Clinical response included partial response (PR) in 58 patients, stable disease in 41 patients and progressive disease (PD) in 8 patients. Clinical response was significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.0001 for all). Especially, patients with PD showed markedly poor outcomes with median DFS=17.8 months (HR (vs PR): 7.7 (95% CI 1.6 to 33)) and median OS=37.7 months (HR (vs PR): 26.3 (95% CI 2.4 to 655)). Preoperative endocrine prognostic index (PEPI) were associated with DFS and marginally with OS (P=0.022 and 0.066, respectively). PEPI=0 indicated an excellent prognosis with 95% 5-year DFS (95% CI 73 to 99). In the multivariate analysis including T stage, nodal status and Ki67, clinical response was an independent prognostic factor for DFS, DDFS and OS (P=0.032, 0.0007 and 0.020, respectively), whereas PEPI was marginally associated with DFS and OS (P=0.079 and 0.068, respectively). Conclusions Clinical response to NET showed an independent prognostic value. Patients with PD had markedly poor prognosis, indicating a need of additional therapy. PEPI=0 indicated an excellent prognosis. The integration of clinical response and PEPI would improve decision-making with regard to treatment options for endocrine-responsive breast cancer when these results are validated in a larger clinical trial. Trial registration number UMIN C000000345.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ueno
- Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Oncology Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital, The Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kuroi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Medical Treatment Cooperation Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Sato
- Department of Breast Oncology, Niigata Cancer Center, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- Breast Oncology Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital, The Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamashita
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Kenjiro Aogi
- National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- The department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Surgery (Breast Surgery), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review Pre-operative endocrine therapy can be used to down-stage large or locally advanced breast cancers in ER+ disease. In the last four decades, it has evolved from a treatment perceived as an alternative to surgery for those too unfit to undergo surgery or chemotherapy, to the present day where it is a valuable and valid option in the treatment of postmenopausal women with ER-rich (Allred score 7–8, or > 50% staining for ER) breast cancer. Recent Findings Emerging data from the metastatic setting is translating into neoadjuvant trials, utilising dual endocrine targeting or combinations of endocrine agents and other targeted drugs, including those acting against components of the PI3K pathway and the cell cycle. The routine use of peri-operative endocrine therapy in all ER+ tumours may help to yield important long-term prognostic information, and guide adjuvant endocrine therapy. Summary Pre-operative endocrine therapy is an exciting and evolving area with emerging new approaches. In this review, established evidence and emerging data on its applications are discussed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kouzegaran S, Shahraki K, Makateb A, Shahri F, Hatami N, Behnod V, Tanha AS. Prognostic Investigations of Expression Level of Two Genes FasL and Ki-67 as Independent Prognostic Markers of Human Retinoblastoma. Oncol Res 2016; 25:471-478. [PMID: 27625332 PMCID: PMC7841034 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14721217330657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, expression of FasL and Ki-67 messenger RNA (FasL and Ki-67 mRNA) in human retinoblastoma (HRB) was examined by the immunohistochemistry method and quantitative real-time PCR. Positive expression of Ki-67 in tumor cells was detected in 16 of 30 patients (53.33%), and only 9 (30%) of the tissues from patients with retinoblastoma showed positive staining for FasL. Our results revealed that FasL expression was significantly higher in tumor tissue with invasion compared with the noninvasion form (p = 0.033). Ki-67 expression was markedly increased in tumor tissues with invasion compared with the noninvasion group (p = 0.04), but no significant correlation was found between FasL expression and differentiation (p > 0.05). In addition, Ki-67 expression was strongly linked to differentiation (p < 0.002). Expression of these FasL was correlated with shorter overall survival of patients, but its expression was not significantly associated with overall survival (p = 0.15). The impact of Ki-67 expression on survival in patients was also evaluated. Ki-67 expression level was not found to be significantly associated with shorter survival (Kaplan–Meier; p = 0.09). Univariate analysis revealed that massive choroidal invasion was correlated with poor prognosis. Taken together, the data suggest that massive choroidal invasion is also an important indicator of poor prognosis for HRB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Kouzegaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Kourosh Shahraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Makateb
- Department of Ophthalmology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Shahri
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Negin Hatami
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vahid Behnod
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Saber Tanha
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ueno T, Saji S, Sugimoto M, Masuda N, Kuroi K, Sato N, Takei H, Yamamoto Y, Ohno S, Yamashita H, Hisamatsu K, Aogi K, Iwata H, Imoto S, Sasano H, Toi M. Clinical significance of the expression of autophagy-associated marker, beclin 1, in breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:230. [PMID: 26984766 PMCID: PMC4794811 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAE) has been employed to improve surgical outcomes for hormone receptor-positive breast cancers in postmenopausal women. Endocrine responsiveness is estimated by expressions of hormone receptors, but its heterogeneity has been recognized. Autophagy is an evolutionally conserved process associated with cell survival and cell death and has been implicated in cancer treatment. Methods In order to examine the possible association between autophagy and response to endocrine therapy, we evaluated the status of autophagy-associated markers, beclin 1 and LC3, and apoptosis-associated markers, TUNEL and M30, in pre- and post-treatment specimens from 71 patients in a multicenter prospective study of neoadjuvant exemestane (JFMC34-0601). Results Immunoreactivity of the autophagy-associated markers, beclin 1 and LC3, in carcinoma cells increased in 14 % and 52 % of the patients, respectively, following the exemestane treatment. These increases were statistically significant (beclin 1, p = 0.016, N = 49; LC3, p < 0.0001, N = 33). The status of M30 immunoreactivity decreased (p = 0.008, N = 47) and TUNEL remained unchanged (N = 53). In addition, tumors with pre-treatment stromal beclin 1 immunoreactivity revealed poor clinical and pathological responses compared with those without stromal beclin 1 immunoreactivity (25 % vs 67 % for clinical response, p = 0.011, N = 51; 0 % vs 41 % for pathological response, p = 0.0081, N = 49). Tumors with positive pre-treatment stromal beclin 1 had a higher baseline Ki-67 labeling index (both hot spot and overall average) than those without (p = 0.042 and 0.0075, respectively, N = 53). Results of logistic regression analyses revealed that stromal beclin 1 was a predictor for clinical and pathological responses while ER, PR, Ki-67, and stromal LC3 expressions were not. Conclusions Results of our present study demonstrated that beclin 1 and LC3 immunoreactivity increased in carcinoma cells following exemestane treatment and that the status of pre-treatment stromal beclin 1 is associated with higher carcinoma cell proliferation and poor clinical and pathological responses to NAE. Trial registration UMIN C000000345 (2006/03/06) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2270-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ueno
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Breast Surgery, Kyorin University Hospital, 6-20-2 Shinkawa Mitaka, 181-8611, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigehira Saji
- Department of Target Therapy Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Norikazu Masuda
- National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kuroi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Division of Breast Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamashita
- Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Kenjiro Aogi
- National Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer Center, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Shigeru Imoto
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyorin University Hospital, 6-20-2 Shinkawa Mitaka, 181-8611, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aristarco V, Serrano D, Gandini S, Johansson H, Macis D, Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Lazzeroni M, Feroce I, Pruneri G, Pagani G, Toesca A, Caldarella P, DeCensi A, Bonanni B. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II, Presurgical Biomarker Trial of Celecoxib Versus Exemestane in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:349-56. [PMID: 26928670 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer presurgical trials, the Ki-67 labeling index predicts disease outcome and offers clues to the preventive potential of drugs. We conducted a placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the activity of exemestane and celecoxib before surgery. The main endpoint was the change in Ki-67. Secondary endpoints were the modulation of circulating biomarkers. Postmenopausal women with histologically confirmed estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer were randomly assigned to exemestane 25 mg/day (n = 50), or celecoxib 800 mg/day (n = 50), or placebo (n = 25) for 6 weeks before surgery. Changes in biomarkers were analyzed through an ANCOVA model adjusting for baseline values. Exemestane showed a median absolute 10% reduction in Ki-67 [from 22 (interquartile range, IQR, 16-27), to 8 (IQR 5-18)], and a 15% absolute reduction in PgR expression [from 50 (IQR 3-90) to 15 (IQR -0-30)] after 6 weeks of treatment. Exemestane significantly increased testosterone [median change 0.21 ng/mL, (IQR 0.12-0.35)], decreased SHBG [median change -14.6 nmol/L, (IQR -23.1 to -8.6)], decreased total and HDL cholesterol by -10 mg/dL (IQR -21-2) and -7 mg/dL, (IQR -14 to -2), respectively. Triglycerides were reduced by both agents [median change -0.5 mg/dL (IQR -17.5-13.5) and -8 mg/dL (IQR -28-9) for celecoxib and exemestane, respectively]. Exemestane showed a remarkable antiproliferative effect on breast cancer, whereas celecoxib did not affect breast cancer proliferation. Given the proven preventive efficacy of exemestane, these findings support the use of Ki-67 to explore the optimal exemestane dose and schedule in the prevention setting. Cancer Prev Res; 9(5); 349-56. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Aristarco
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Serrano
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Harriet Johansson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Lazzeroni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Feroce
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianmatteo Pagani
- Division of Breast Cancer Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Toesca
- Division of Breast Cancer Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Caldarella
- Division of Breast Cancer Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy. Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yamashita H. Tumor biology in estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-negative breast cancer: Mind the menopausal status. World J Clin Oncol 2015; 6:220-224. [PMID: 26677435 PMCID: PMC4675907 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v6.i6.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is not one disease, but can be categorized into four major molecular subtypes according to hormone receptor [estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR)] and human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) expression status. Ki67 labeling index and/or multigene assays are used to classify ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer into luminal A and luminal B (HER2-negative) subtypes. To date, most studies analyzing predictive or prognostic factors in ER-positive breast cancer have been performed in postmenopausal women, mainly using patients and samples in adjuvant aromatase inhibitor trials. In contrast, even the clinical roles of PgR and Ki67 have been little analyzed so far in premenopausal women. PgR is one of the estrogen-responsive genes, and it has been reported that plasma estradiol levels are related to expression levels of estrogen-responsive genes including PGR in ER-positive breast cancer. In this article, biological differences, especially differences in expression of PgR and Ki67 in ER-positive breast cancer between pre- and postmenopausal women are discussed. Clinical roles of PgR and Ki67 in ER-positive breast cancer differ between pre- and postmenopausal women. We suggest that the mechanisms of development and estrogen-dependent growth of ER-positive breast cancer might differ according to menopausal status.
Collapse
|
22
|
Toi M, Winer EP, Benson JR, Inamoto T, Forbes JF, von Minckwitz G, Robertson JFR, Grobmyer SR, Jatoi I, Sasano H, Kunkler I, Ho AY, Yamauchi C, Chow LWC, Huang CS, Han W, Noguchi S, Pegram MD, Yamauchi H, Lee ES, Larionov AA, Bevilacqua JLB, Yoshimura M, Sugie T, Yamauchi A, Krop IE, Noh DY, Klimberg VS. Personalization of loco-regional care for primary breast cancer patients (part 2). Future Oncol 2015; 11:1301-5. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kyoto Breast Cancer Consensus Conference, Kyoto, Japan, 18–20 February 2014 The loco-regional management of breast cancer is increasingly complex with application of primary systemic therapies, oncoplastic techniques and genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility. Personalization of loco-regional treatment is integral to optimization of breast cancer care. Clinical and pathological tumor stage, biological features and host factors influence loco-regional treatment strategies and extent of surgical procedures. Key issues including axillary staging, axillary treatment, radiation therapy, primary systemic therapy (PST), preoperative hormonal therapy and genetic predisposition were identified and discussed at the Kyoto Breast Cancer Consensus Conference (KBCCC2014). In the second of a two part conference scene, consensus recommendations for radiation treatment, primary systemic therapies and management of genetic predisposition are reported and focus on the following topics: influence of both clinical response to PST and stage at presentation on recommendations for postmastectomy radiotherapy; use of regional nodal irradiation in selected node-positive patients and those with adverse pathological factors; extent of surgical resection following downstaging of tumors with PST; use of preoperative hormonal therapy in premenopausal women with larger, node-negative luminal A-like tumors and managing increasing demands for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in patients with a unilateral sporadic breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Toi
- Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8507, Japan
| | - Eric P Winer
- Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John R Benson
- Cambridge Breast Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takashi Inamoto
- Faculty of Health Care, Tenri Health Care University, Nara, Japan
| | - John F Forbes
- Surgical Oncology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - John FR Robertson
- Breast Surgery, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen R Grobmyer
- Cleveland Clinic & Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ismail Jatoi
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ian Kunkler
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alice Y Ho
- Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chikako Yamauchi
- Radiation Oncology, Shiga Medical Center for Adults, Moriyama, Japan
| | - Louis WC Chow
- UNIMED Medical Institute/University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chiun-Sheng Huang
- Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wonshik Han
- Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shinzaburo Noguchi
- Breast & Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mark D Pegram
- Stanford Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | | | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alexey A Larionov
- Statistics & Computational Biology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, UK
| | - Jose LB Bevilacqua
- Department of Breast Surgery, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michio Yoshimura
- Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Akira Yamauchi
- Breast Center, Kitano Hospital, The Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ian E Krop
- Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dong Young Noh
- Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - V Suzanne Klimberg
- Surgery, Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, AR 72205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rusz O, Vörös A, Varga Z, Kelemen G, Uhercsák G, Nikolényi A, Ormándi K, Simonka Z, Kahán Z. One-Year Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:977-84. [PMID: 25753983 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the effects of 1-year endocrine therapy (NET) was aimed at. A retrospective analysis of 42 cases with 46 stage II-III invasive, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers was performed. One-year NET was planned with letrozole (n = 33, postmenopausal group), or with goserelin plus letrozole (n = 7) or with goserelin plus tamoxifen (n = 2) (premenopausal group). Surgery was performed in accordance with the initial stage and the response to therapy. With regard to the tumor remaining in the surgical specimen, risk groups were constructed: Group 1: stage 0, pathological complete regression (pCR); Group 2: stages IA-IIA; Group 3: stages ≥ IIB + cases with clinical progression. Due to local progression, NET was replaced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy in three patients (four tumors). In two postmenopausal patients, letrozole was replaced by tamoxifen because of the insufficient treatment effect. In 19/42 cases, breast-conserving surgery was performed. Within Group 1, there was no cancer in four cases, while only DCIS remained in 2 (pCR: 13 %); Groups 2 and 3 comprised 25 and 15 cases, respectively. The likeliness of a good response (Groups 1 and 2 vs. Group 3) to NET was increased by 7 % for every 1 % increase of the expression of ER (OR = 1.070; 95 % CI: 1.007-1.138, p = 0.029). Progression-free survival differed according to treatment response (p = 0.001). The post-therapy Ki67 value of ≤ 15 % had only a marginal effect on survival. No other associations were detected between the tumor characteristics and the therapeutic response or survival. Long-duration NET is effective and safe in cases of hormone-sensitive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Rusz
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 12, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Song H, Wu F, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang F, Jiang M, Wang Z, Zhang M, Li S, Yang L, Wang XL, Cui T, Tang D. Irisin promotes human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation through the ERK signaling pathway and partly suppresses high glucose-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110273. [PMID: 25338001 PMCID: PMC4206299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a newly discovered myokine that links exercise with metabolic homeostasis. It is involved in modest weight loss and improves glucose intolerance. However, the direct effects and mechanisms of irisin on vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are not fully understood. In the current study, we demonstrated that irisin promoted Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) proliferation. It was further demonstrated that this pro-proliferation effect was mediated by irisin-induced activation of extracellular signal–related kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Inhibition of ERK signaling with U0126 decreased the pro-proliferation effect of irisin on HUVECs. It was also demonstrated that irisin reduced high glucose-induced apoptosis by up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating Bax, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 expression. In summary, these results suggested that irisin plays a novel role in sustaining endothelial homeostasis by promoting HUVEC proliferation via the ERK signaling pathway and protects the cell from high glucose-induced apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2,Bax and Caspase expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Song
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zibo Maternal and Child health hospital, Zibo, P.R.China
| | - Fei Wu
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Yuzhu Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Fang Wang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zibo Maternal and Child health hospital, Zibo, P.R.China
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Shiwu Li
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Xing Li Wang
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
| | - Taixing Cui
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DT); (TC)
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital Research Center for Cell Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R.China
- * E-mail: (DT); (TC)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A case of ectopic breast carcinoma of the right axilla treated with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. Int Cancer Conf J 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13691-014-0164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
26
|
Saleh R, Bouganim N, Hilton J, Arnaout A, Clemons M. Neoadjuvant endocrine treatment for breast cancer: from bedside to bench and back again? Curr Oncol 2014; 21:e122-8. [PMID: 24523609 PMCID: PMC3921036 DOI: 10.3747/co.21.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a pluripotential test bed for the treatment of breast cancer. Although traditionally reserved to render inoperable disease operable, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly being used to improve the chance for breast-conserving surgery, to gain information on pathologic response rates for a more rapid assessment of new chemotherapy-biologic regimens, and also to study in vivo tumour sensitivity or resistance to the agent being used. Similarly, use of neoadjuvant endocrine treatment was also traditionally restricted to elderly or frail patients who were felt to be unsuitable for chemotherapy. It is therefore not surprising that, given the increasing realization of the pivotal role of endocrine therapy in patient care, there is enhanced interest in neoadjuvant endocrine therapy not only as a less-toxic alternative to chemotherapy, but also to assess tumour sensitivity or resistance to endocrine agents. The availability of newer endocrine manipulations and increasing evidence that the benefits of chemotherapy are frequently marginal in many hormone-positive patients is making endocrine therapy increasingly important in the clinical setting. The hope is that, one day, instead of preoperative endocrine therapy being restricted to the infirm and the elderly, it will be used in the time between biopsy diagnosis and surgery to predict which patients will or will not benefit from chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R.R. Saleh
- Division of Medical Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - N. Bouganim
- Division of Medical Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | - J. Hilton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, U.S.A
| | - A. Arnaout
- Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, and Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - M. Clemons
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, and Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Electroacupuncture regulates apoptosis/proliferation of intramuscular interstitial cells of cajal and restores colonic motility in diabetic constipation rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:584179. [PMID: 24348706 PMCID: PMC3852313 DOI: 10.1155/2013/584179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Injury of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) is associated with gut dysmotility in diabetic rats. We have shown an acceleration of the colonic contractility by electroacupuncture stimulation (EAS). However, little is known about potential roles of EAS on colonic transit and ICC. In this study, we evaluate the effect of EAS on colonic transit and investigate whether apoptosis/proliferation of ICC was involved in regulative effect of EAS on colonic transit. Rats were randomly assigned to normal, diabetic, diabetic-plus-sham stimulation, diabetic-plus-low-frequency stimulation, and diabetic-plus-high-frequency stimulation groups. Bead expulsion test was used for measuring the distal colonic transit. The Kit (ICC marker) was detected by western blot. Apoptotic ICC was detected by terminal dUTP nucleotide end labeling. Proliferating ICC was identified by Kit/Ki67 double immunofluorescent staining on whole mount preparations. Ultrastructure changes of ICC were studied using electron microscopy. Results showed that high-frequency stimulation significantly promoted colonic transit. Low- and high-frequency stimulation markedly rescued intramuscular ICC from apoptosis. Abundant proliferating intramuscular ICC was found in low- and high-frequency stimulation groups. Our results indicate that high-frequency EAS has stimulatory effect on the distal colonic transit, which may be mediated by downregulation of the apoptosis and upregulation of the proliferation of intramuscular ICC.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaga C, Takagi A, Kano M, Kado S, Kato I, Sakai M, Miyazaki K, Nanno M, Ishikawa F, Ohashi Y, Toi M. Lactobacillus casei Shirota enhances the preventive efficacy of soymilk in chemically induced breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1508-14. [PMID: 23992486 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy foods are known to be effective for breast cancer prevention. The habitual consumption of soy isoflavones in combination with the probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) was shown to decrease the risk of breast cancer occurrence in our previous population-based case-controlled study among Japanese women. The present study aimed to elucidate the cooperative prevention mechanism of soymilk and LcS using an animal carcinogenic model. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received a high-fat, AIN-76A diet containing soymilk, LcS, both soymilk and LcS, or none and were orally exposed to 2-amino-1-methyl-6-penylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine at a dose of 85 mg/kg bodyweight eight times for 2 weeks. The development of palpable mammary tumors was monitored for 17 weeks. Tumor tissues were immunohistochemically examined for estrogen receptor (ER)-α, Ki-67 and CD34. Compared with the control group, the incidence and multiplicity of mammary tumors were reduced by soymilk alone and soymilk in combination with LcS, while tumor volume was decreased by LcS alone and LcS in combination with soymilk. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed that soymilk in combination with LcS more effectively reduced the numbers of ER-α-positive and Ki-67-positive cells in tumors than soymilk alone and that both soymilk and LcS inhibited tumor angiogenesis. These results demonstrated that soymilk prevents the development of mammary tumors and that LcS suppresses tumor growth, potentially enhancing the preventive efficacy of soymilk. The habitual consumption of LcS in combination with soymilk might be a beneficial dietary style for breast cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kaga
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ueno T, Masuda N, Yamanaka T, Saji S, Kuroi K, Sato N, Takei H, Yamamoto Y, Ohno S, Yamashita H, Hisamatsu K, Aogi K, Iwata H, Sasano H, Toi M. Evaluating the 21-gene assay Recurrence Score® as a predictor of clinical response to 24 weeks of neoadjuvant exemestane in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2013; 19:607-13. [PMID: 24101215 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the results of the Recurrence Score (RS) assay and the clinical response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. METHODS Core biopsy samples at baseline and post-treatment surgical samples were obtained from 80 and 77 of 116 patients, respectively, enrolled in the multicenter prospective study of neoadjuvant exemestane therapy (JFMC34-0601). The 21-gene assay was performed after appropriate manual microdissection. The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, HER2 and Ki-67 were assayed by immunohistochemistry at a central laboratory. Clinical response was assessed based on the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) guideline. RESULTS Sixty-four core biopsy samples and 52 resection samples met the RS quality requirements. The clinical response rate in those patients with a low RS result (low RS group; 19/32, 59.4 %) was significantly higher than that in those patients with a high RS result (high RS group; 3/15, 20.0 %) (P = 0.015) and similar to that in patients with an intermediate RS result (intermediate RS group; 10/17, 58.8 %). The rates of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) were 90.6 % (29/32) in the low RS group, 76.5 % (13/17) in the intermediate RS group and 46.7 % (7/15) in the high RS group. The odds ratio for BCS adjusted for continuous baseline Ki-67 was 0.114 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.014-0.721; P = 0.028] between the high and low RS groups. RS values in pre-treatment samples were highly correlated with those in post-treatment samples (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.745, 95 % CI 0.592-0.846). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the predictive value of the RS for clinical response to neoadjuvant exemestane therapy in postmenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ueno
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Miyagawa Y, Miyake T, Yanai A, Murase K, Imamura M, Ichii S, Takatsuka Y, Ito T, Hirota S, Saito M, Kotoura Y, Miyauchi K, Fujimoto Y, Hatada T, Sasa M, Miyoshi Y. Association of body mass index with risk of luminal A but not luminal B estrogen receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer for postmenopausal Japanese women. Breast Cancer 2013; 22:399-405. [PMID: 24000037 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-013-0493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of body mass index (BMI) on the risk of postmenopausal estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers has been well documented. However, the mechanism for the impact of BMI on the etiology of luminal A and luminal B subtypes has not yet been identified. METHODS We analyzed associations between BMI and breast cancers stratified by immunohistochemically defined intrinsic subtypes, and 1,297 Japanese women (615 breast cancer patients and 682 healthy women from a breast cancer screening program) were enrolled in a case-control study. ER-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancers were classified into luminal A and B subtypes according to Ki67 expression levels. RESULTS Higher BMI was significantly positively associated with postmenopausal breast cancer risk for one-unit increase in BMI (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.09, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.15; P = 0.0008). Analyses of postmenopausal women revealed that BMI was consistently and exclusively associated with luminal A incidence (aOR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.10-1.26; P < 0.0001). When BMI was divided into three categories corresponding to those of controls, among postmenopausal women, the observed positive association was confined to luminal A (high vs low, aOR 2.98, 95 % CI 1.53-5.80; P < 0.005), but not luminal B (aOR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.47-1.91) subtypes. CONCLUSIONS We observed that BMI was significantly positively associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer for Japanese women with luminal A, but not with luminal B tumor subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Miyagawa
- Division of Breast and Endocrine, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ying M, He Y, Qi M, Dong B, Lu A, Li J, Xie Y, Wang T, Lin B, Ouyang T. Value of pre-treatment biomarkers in prediction of response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive postmenopausal breast cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2013; 25:397-404. [PMID: 23997526 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2013.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the predictive ability of biomarkers for responses to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) in postmenopausal breast cancer. METHODS Consecutive 160 postmenopausal women with T1-3N0-1M0 hormone receptor (HR)-positive invasive breast cancer were treated with anastrozole for 16 weeks before surgery. New slides of tumor specimens taken before and after treatment were conducted centrally for biomarker analysis and classified using the Applied Imaging Ariol MB-8 system. The pathological response was evaluated using the Miller & Payne classification. The cell cycle response was classified according to the change in the Ki67 index after treatment. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the combined index of the biomarkers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine whether parameters may predict response. RESULTS The correlation between the pathological and cell cycle responses was low (Spearman correlation coefficient =0.241, P<0.001; Kappa value =0.119, P=0.032). The cell cycle response was significantly associated with pre-treatment estrogen receptor (ER) status (P=0.001), progesterone receptor (PgR) status (P<0.001), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) status (P=0.050) and the Ki67 index (P<0.001), but the pathological response was not correlated with these factors. Pre-treatment ER levels [area under the curve (AUC) =0.634, 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.534-0.735, P=0.008] and combined index of pre-treatment ER and PgR levels (AUC =0.684, 95% CI, 0.591-0.776, P<0.001) could not predict the cell cycle response, but combined index including per-treatment ER/PR/Her-2/Ki67 expression levels could (AUC =0.830, 95% CI, 0.759-0.902, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The combined use of pre-treatment ER/PgR/Her-2/Ki67 expression levels, instead of HR expression levels, may predict the cell cycle response to NET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ying
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Prognostic relevance of Ki-67 in the primary tumor for survival after a diagnosis of distant metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 138:899-908. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
33
|
Liu X, Qu H, Cao W, Wang Y, Ma Z, Li F, Wang H. Efficacy of combined therapy of goserelin and letrozole on very young women with advanced breast cancer as first-line endocrine therapy. Endocr J 2013; 60:819-28. [PMID: 23714650 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer in young women younger than 35 years old is rare, aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. Endocrine therapy is a preferred treatment modality in hormone receptor-positive early stage and advanced breast cancer, combined therapy of goserelin and letrozole presents an option for premenopausal women. We reported the efficacy and safety of therapy of goserelin plus letrozole on very young women with advanced breast cancer as first-line endocrine therapy. Thirty-five patients with first diagnosed as advanced breast cancer, age younger than 35 years, were enrolled in the study. All patients received goserelin 3.6 mg by subcutaneous injection every 4 weeks along with letrozole 2.5mg daily by mouth as first-line endocrine therapy. The study endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit (CB), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity. The median duration of response to the therapy was 21 (range, 10-56) months, and median duration of follow-up was 44 (range, 5-79) months. The ORR was 25.7%, with one complete response (CR, 2.9%) and eight partial response (PR, 22.9%). Twenty-two patients had stable disease at 24 weeks, for a clinical benefit rate of 65.7%. The median PFS was 9.6 (range 5-58) months and median OS was 33 (range 6-72) months. During the therapy and follow-up, no serious toxicities were reported. Combined therapy of goserelin and letrozole appears to be an efficacious and well-tolerated therapy for very young women with advanced breast cancer. Further investigations involving more patients, combination of other therapies and longer follow-up are requisite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Galactophore, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shimizu D, Ishikawa T, Tanabe M, Sasaki T, Ichikawa Y, Chishima T, Endo I. Preoperative endocrine therapy with goserelin acetate and tamoxifen in hormone receptor-positive premenopausal breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer 2012. [PMID: 23184499 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-012-0429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of preoperative endocrine therapy for breast cancer has increased during the last decade. Although several studies have reported favorable response rates in postmenopausal women, its effectiveness in premenopausal women remains unknown. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the potential benefits of preoperative endocrine therapy in premenopausal women. METHODS Fifty-three patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative invasive breast cancer were included in this study. Preoperative endocrine therapy with goserelin acetate and tamoxifen was administered for 3 months. Clinical evaluations were performed by ultrasonography before and after endocrine therapy. Pathological evaluations were performed using core biopsy and surgical specimens. Immunohistochemical evaluations of ER, progesterone receptor (PgR), HER2, and Ki-67 were performed before and after endocrine therapy. RESULTS Partial response (PR) was observed in 23 % (12/53) and progressive disease (PD) in 2 % (2/53) of patients. Significant suppression of Ki-67 was observed following endocrine therapy in 90 % (47/52) of patients (P < 0.0001). Significant downregulation of PgR was observed after endocrine therapy (P = 0.0002), which tended to be correlated with clinical response (P = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS Three months of preoperative endocrine therapy with goserelin acetate and tamoxifen was safe and effective in premenopausal patients with invasive breast cancer, with a 23 % PR rate. Changes in PgR and Ki-67 expression might be promising markers for endocrine responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shimizu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Toi M, Benson JR, Winer EP, Forbes JF, von Minckwitz G, Golshan M, Robertson JFR, Sasano H, Cole BF, Chow LWC, Pegram MD, Han W, Huang CS, Ikeda T, Kanao S, Lee ES, Noguchi S, Ohno S, Partridge AH, Rouzier R, Tozaki M, Sugie T, Yamauchi A, Inamoto T. Preoperative systemic therapy in locoregional management of early breast cancer: highlights from the Kyoto Breast Cancer Consensus Conference. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:919-26. [PMID: 23143284 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Data reviewed at the Kyoto Breast Cancer Consensus Conference (KBCCC) showed that preoperative systemic therapy (PST) could optimize surgery through the utilization of information relating to pre- and post-PST tumor stage, therapeutic sensitivity, and treatment-induced changes in the biological characteristics of the tumor. As such, it was noted that the biological characteristics of the tumor, such as hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, histological grade, cell proliferative activity, mainly defined by the Ki67 labeling index, and the tumor's multi-gene signature, should be considered in the planning of both systemic and local therapy. Furthermore, the timing of axillary sentinel lymph node diagnosis (i.e., before or after the PST) was also noted to be critical in that it may influence the likelihood of axillary preservation, even in node positive cases. In addition, axillary diagnosis with ultrasound and concomitant fine needle aspiration cytology or core needle biopsy (CNB) was reported to contribute to the construction of a treatment algorithm for patient-specific or individualized axillary surgery. Following PST, planning for breast surgery should therefore be based on tumor subtype, tumor volume and extent, therapeutic response to PST, and patient preference. Nomograms for predicting nodal status and drug sensitivity were also recognized as a tool to support decision-making in the selection of surgical treatment. Overall, review of data at the KBCCC showed that PST increases the likelihood of patients receiving localized surgery and individualized treatment regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Toi
- Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Iwata H, Masuda N, Sagara Y, Kinoshita T, Nakamura S, Yanagita Y, Nishimura R, Iwase H, Kamigaki S, Takei H, Tsuda H, Hayashi N, Noguchi S. Analysis of Ki-67 expression with neoadjuvant anastrozole or tamoxifen in patients receiving goserelin for premenopausal breast cancer. Cancer 2012; 119:704-13. [PMID: 22972694 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing costs associated with large-scale adjuvant trials mean that the prognostic value of biologic markers is increasingly important. The expression of nuclear antigen Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation, has been correlated with treatment efficacy and is being investigated for its value as a predictive marker of therapeutic response. In the current study, the authors explored correlations between Ki-67 expression and tumor response, estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PgR) status, and histopathologic response from the STAGE study (S_tudy of T_amoxifen or A_rimidex, combined with G_oserelin acetate to compare E_fficacy and safety). METHODS In a phase 3, double-blind, randomized trial (National Clinical Trials identifier NCT00605267), premenopausal women with ER-positive, early stage breast cancer received either anastrozole plus goserelin or tamoxifen plus goserelin for 24 weeks before surgery. The Ki-67 index, hormone receptor (ER and PgR) status, and histopathologic responses were determined from histopathologic samples that were obtained from core-needle biopsies at baseline and at surgery. Tumor response was determined by using magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. RESULTS In total, 197 patients were randomized to receive either anastrozole plus goserelin (n = 98) or tamoxifen plus goserelin (n = 99). The best overall tumor response was better for the anastrozole group compared with the tamoxifen group both among patients who had a baseline Ki-67 index ≥20% and among those who had a baseline Ki-67 index <20%. There was no apparent correlation between baseline ER status and the Ki-67 index in either group. Positive PgR status was reduced from baseline to week 24 in the anastrozole group. CONCLUSIONS In premenopausal women with ER-positive breast cancer, anastrozole produced a greater best overall tumor response compared with tamoxifen regardless of the baseline Ki-67 index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sahoo S, Lester SC. Pathology Considerations in Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Surg Pathol Clin 2012; 5:749-74. [PMID: 26838287 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) originally reserved for the treatment of inflammatory and locally advanced breast cancers is currently offered to women with earlier-stage and operable breast carcinoma. NAT allows more women to be eligible for breast conservation surgery and provides an opportunity to assess the response of carcinomas to therapy. This review focuses on the predictors of therapeutic response in pretreatment tumor, evaluation of post-treatment breast and lymph node specimens and classification systems to evaluate degree of response to NAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunati Sahoo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Susan C Lester
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yamamoto S, Ibusuki M, Yamamoto Y, Fu P, Fujiwara S, Murakami K, Iwase H. Clinical relevance of Ki67 gene expression analysis using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer specimens. Breast Cancer 2012; 20:262-70. [PMID: 22362219 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-012-0332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ki67 is a protein associated with cell cycle activity and shows a good correlation with the growth fraction, which has been proposed as a prognostic or predictive marker in breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to analyze the expression levels of Ki67 (MKI67) messenger RNA (mRNA) derived from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues for comparison with the immunohistochemical Ki67 labeling index, and investigate the correlation coefficients with clinical outcomes. METHODS We analyzed the data of Ki67 mRNA from FFPE and matched fresh-frozen (FF) tissues based on a real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay system in 203 cases of primary invasive breast cancer. RESULTS The correlation between Ki67 mRNA expression of either FFPE or FF specimens and Ki67 labeling index was positive, as was the correlation between the FFPE and FF results (P < 0.0001). Ki67 mRNA expression of FFPE specimens was significantly associated with clinicopathological characteristics: tumor size, lymph node status, nuclear grade, hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) status, and tumor subtype. In prognostic results, Ki67 gene expression in the FFPE specimens revealed almost similar patterns of significance in Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate and multivariate relapse-free survival results as the Ki67 labeling index. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression analysis of Ki67 of FFPE specimens could be successfully performed using RT-qPCR, closely resembling the significant clinical characteristics of Ki67 labeling index. These results confirm that Ki67 gene expression of FFPE specimens has potential for evaluation of cell cycle activity of breast cancer specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Yamamoto
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Takada M, Saji S, Masuda N, Kuroi K, Sato N, Takei H, Yamamoto Y, Ohno S, Yamashita H, Hisamatsu K, Aogi K, Iwata H, Ueno T, Sasano H, Toi M. Relationship between body mass index and preoperative treatment response to aromatase inhibitor exemestane in postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer. Breast 2012; 21:40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
|
40
|
Preoperative Endocrine Therapy: Preferred Therapy for Whom? CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-011-0060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
41
|
Early operable breast cancer in elderly women treated with an aromatase inhibitor letrozole as sole therapy. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1825-9. [PMID: 22068814 PMCID: PMC3251885 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary endocrine therapy (PET) with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is an option in elderly patients unfit for or unwilling to undergo surgery. We studied the outcome of patients treated with letrozole as PET. METHODS Patients with early oestrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-positive breast cancer treated with letrozole from February 2001 to September 2009 were reviewed. Inoperable and locally advanced tumours were excluded. Reasons for offering PET, response, survival, cause of death, time to initial and best response, fracture incidence, and late failure rates were studied. RESULTS In all, 104 patients received PET due to frailty (n=48), comorbidity (n=30), old age (n=9), and patient preference (n=17). Median follow-up was 56 months (4-106). Eighty-five cancers responded to letrozole (stable disease (SD, n=19), reduction in size (PR, n=42), and complete response ((CR), n=24)). Median survival was 51 months (4-103), time to initial response (PR/CR) 4.5 months (2-24), and time to best response 8.5 months (3-50). Letrozole was stopped in 25 patients due to progressive disease (n=19), side effects (n=5), and patient choice (n=1). Only 12 of 49 deaths were from breast cancer. CONCLUSION Letrozole is a reasonable alternative in elderly women with early ER/PR-positive invasive breast cancer who are unfit or unwilling to undergo standard therapy.
Collapse
|