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Wang J, Hua G, Yang X, Zhang L, Ma Y, Ma Q, Li R, Wu K, Zhao Y, Deng X. A newly identified small tRNA fragment reveals the regulation of different wool types and oxidative stress in lambs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10213. [PMID: 37353550 PMCID: PMC10290153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel small RNAs derived from tRNAs are continuously identified, however, their biological functions are rarely reported. Here, we accidentally found the reads peak at 32nt during statistical analysis on the miRNA-seq data of lamb skin tissue, and found that it was related to the wool type of lambs. This 32nt peak was composed of small tRNA fragments. The main component sequence of this peak was a novel small tRNA derived from Glycyl tRNA (tRNAGly), the expression level of tRNAGly-derived tRNA fragments (tRFGly) was 5.77 folds higher in the coarse wool lambs than that in the fine wool lambs. However, in contrast, the expression of tRNAGly in the skin of fine wool lambs is 6.28 folds more than that in coarse wool lambs. tRNAGly promoted the synthesis of high glycine protein including KAP6 in fine wool lamb skin. These proteins were reported as the major genes for fine curly wool. Integrative analysis of target gene prediction, proteomics and metabolomics results revealed that tRFGly reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin of coarse wool lambs by targeted inhibition of the Metabolic signal and the corresponding Glutathione metabolic pathway, on the contrary, the level of oxidative stress in the skin of fine wool lambs was significantly higher. This study revealed for the first time the relationship between tRNAGly and its derived tRFGly and animal traits. tRFGly has the function of targeting and regulating protein synthesis. At the same time, tRFGly can reduce the expression of its resource complete tRNA, thereby reducing its ability to transport specific amino acid and affecting the expression of corresponding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoying Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Letian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Animal Science Institute of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Rui Li
- Jinfeng Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Keliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Polymorphisms and mRNA Expression Levels of IGF-1, FGF5, and KAP 1.4 in Tibetan Cashmere Goats. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030711. [PMID: 36980983 PMCID: PMC10048045 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tibetan cashmere goat is a precious breed in China and its cashmere is widely used in clothing and textiles. The genes IGF-1, FGF5, and KAP 1.4 have been shown to be crucial regulators of cashmere growth. In this study, we examined mRNA expression levels of these three genes and detected IGF-1, FGF5, and KAP 1.4 SNP loci in the Tibetan cashmere goat. After amplification and sequence alignment of the genes IGF-1, FGF5, and KAP 1.4 among 206 Tibetan cashmere goats, two new SNP loci were detected in gene KAP 1.4, while no SNP loci were found in amplified fragments of genes IGF-1 and FGF5. The expression levels of gene IGF-1 in Baingoin and Nyima counties were significantly higher than in other counties (p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression level of gene FGF5 in Gêrzê was significantly higher than in Rutog. The expression levels of mRNA in KAP 1.4 showed significant variation among seven counties. There were no significant differences in mRNA expression levels of IGF-1, FGF5, and KAP 1.4 in Tibetan cashmere goats when analysed by sex. The gene IGF-1 was slightly up-regulated in one to five-year-old cashmere goats, except in those that were 4 years old. The mRNA expression levels of FGF5 in one and two-year-old cashmere goats was lower compared with those in three to five-year-old cashmere goats. KAP 1.4 was up-regulated across one to five-year-old cashmere goats. In this study, SNP detection and mRNA expression analysis of IGF-1, FGF5, and KAP 1.4 genes was able to add data to genetic evolutionary analysis. Further studies should be carried out in SNPs to detect other fragments in genes IGF-1 and FGF5, as well as signal pathways and gene functions in protein levels of genes IGF-1, FGF5, and KAP 1.4 in the Tibetan cashmere goat.
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Green Composites Based on Animal Fiber and Their Applications for a Sustainable Future. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030601. [PMID: 36771900 PMCID: PMC9919996 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change is already affecting the environment, as glaciers are receding, ice on rivers and lakes is melting, plant and animal range`s have altering, and trees are blooming early. Therefore, focus has shifted towards sustainable materials. There is a growing desire for materials that have a unique combination of qualities that metals, polymers, and other materials cannot provide, therefore scientists are turning their focus to green composites. Green composites offer a wide range of uses in automotive, aerospace, and marine applications. Composites are multiphase resources with separate interfaces that contain chemically different materials. Composites are made up of a variety of materials that are distinct in nature, and they give a set of desirable features that are superior to those of their predecessors or parents. Natural fibers are less expensive, more readily available, rust-resistant, plentiful, nontoxic, and safe for human skin, eyes, and respiratory systems. Green composites are created by combining renewable fibers with polymers (matrix) to create a new class of composites known as "green composites." This review includes studies on various animal-based fibers and their applications. In this article, recent advancements in the field of these fibers and their composites of fibers are also discussed. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties are also discussed in this paper. Moreover, the benefits and drawbacks of using these fibers are also discussed in detail. Finally, the paper gives an outline of the topic. The results from composites constructed from each fiber are provided, along with appropriate references for more in-depth analysis studies. This review is specially performed to strengthen the knowledge bank of the young researchers working in the field of natural composites.
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Ramos Z, Garrick DJ, Blair HT, Vera B, Ciappesoni G, Kenyon PR. Genomic Regions Associated with Wool, Growth and Reproduction Traits in Uruguayan Merino Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:167. [PMID: 36672908 PMCID: PMC9858812 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions and genes associated with the fiber diameter (FD), clean fleece weight (CFW), live weight (LW), body condition score (BCS), pregnancy rate (PR) and lambing potential (LP) of Uruguayan Merino sheep. Phenotypic records of approximately 2000 mixed-age ewes were obtained from a Merino nucleus flock. Genome-wide association studies were performed utilizing single-step Bayesian analysis. For wool traits, a total of 35 genomic windows surpassed the significance threshold (PVE ≥ 0.25%). The proportion of the total additive genetic variance explained by those windows was 4.85 and 9.06% for FD and CFW, respectively. There were 42 windows significantly associated with LWM, which collectively explained 43.2% of the additive genetic variance. For BCS, 22 relevant windows accounted for more than 40% of the additive genetic variance, whereas for the reproduction traits, 53 genomic windows (24 and 29 for PR and LP, respectively) reached the suggestive threshold of 0.25% of the PVE. Within the top 10 windows for each trait, we identified several genes showing potential associations with the wool (e.g., IGF-1, TGFB2R, PRKCA), live weight (e.g., CAST, LAP3, MED28, HERC6), body condition score (e.g., CDH10, TMC2, SIRPA, CPXM1) or reproduction traits (e.g., ADCY1, LEPR, GHR, LPAR2) of the mixed-age ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zully Ramos
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Dorian J. Garrick
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Hugh T. Blair
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Brenda Vera
- National Research Program on Meat and Wool Production, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones 90100, Uruguay
| | - Gabriel Ciappesoni
- National Research Program on Meat and Wool Production, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones 90100, Uruguay
| | - Paul R. Kenyon
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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Kalds P, Zhou S, Gao Y, Cai B, Huang S, Chen Y, Wang X. Genetics of the phenotypic evolution in sheep: a molecular look at diversity-driving genes. Genet Sel Evol 2022; 54:61. [PMID: 36085023 PMCID: PMC9463822 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-022-00753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After domestication, the evolution of phenotypically-varied sheep breeds has generated rich biodiversity. This wide phenotypic variation arises as a result of hidden genomic changes that range from a single nucleotide to several thousands of nucleotides. Thus, it is of interest and significance to reveal and understand the genomic changes underlying the phenotypic variation of sheep breeds in order to drive selection towards economically important traits. REVIEW Various traits contribute to the emergence of variation in sheep phenotypic characteristics, including coat color, horns, tail, wool, ears, udder, vertebrae, among others. The genes that determine most of these phenotypic traits have been investigated, which has generated knowledge regarding the genetic determinism of several agriculturally-relevant traits in sheep. In this review, we discuss the genomic knowledge that has emerged in the past few decades regarding the phenotypic traits in sheep, and our ultimate aim is to encourage its practical application in sheep breeding. In addition, in order to expand the current understanding of the sheep genome, we shed light on research gaps that require further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Although significant research efforts have been conducted in the past few decades, several aspects of the sheep genome remain unexplored. For the full utilization of the current knowledge of the sheep genome, a wide practical application is still required in order to boost sheep productive performance and contribute to the generation of improved sheep breeds. The accumulated knowledge on the sheep genome will help advance and strengthen sheep breeding programs to face future challenges in the sector, such as climate change, global human population growth, and the increasing demand for products of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kalds
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, 45511 Egypt
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Bei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Shuhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- International Joint Agriculture Research Center for Animal Bio-Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 China
- International Joint Agriculture Research Center for Animal Bio-Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, 712100 China
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Sallam AM, Gad-Allah AA, Albetar EM. Genetic variation in the ovine KAP22-1 gene and its effect on wool traits in Egyptian sheep. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:293-300. [PMID: 36035880 PMCID: PMC9399921 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-293-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic polymorphisms in
the keratin-associated protein (KAP22-1) gene in Barki (n=206), Rahmani (n=28)
and Ossimi (n=28) as the three major sheep breeds in Egypt. Subsequently,
the detected variants were correlated with important wool traits. The traits
included greasy fleece weight (GFW, g), staple length (SL, cm), prickle
factor (PF, %), medullated fiber (MF, %), fiber diameter (FD, µm), crimp percentage (CR, %) and the standard deviation of FD
(SDfd, µm), as well as the subjectively assessed traits of
kemp score (KS), handle grade (HG), greasy color grade (GCG), bulk grade
(BG), luster grade (LG) and staple structure (SST). Animals were
genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) – single strand conformation
polymorphism (SSCP). Five SSCP banding patterns representing three different
nucleotide variants (A, B and C) were detected. DNA sequencing confirmed
three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Animal age significantly
affected GFW (P=0.007), SDfd (P=0.006), SL (P=0.002), CR
(P=0.006), KS (P=0.001), LG (P=0.006) and SST (P=0.013). Likewise, the
breed had a significant effect on all studied traits except HG and BG, which
was not significant. Results showed significant associations between the
KAP22-1 variants and CR (P=0.01), SL (P=0.012), KS (P<0.001) and GCG
(P=0.01). Interestingly, animals with BB genotypes tended to produce more
wool yield (1163.63±65.91 g) with high SL (8.38±0.20 cm), CR
(8.38±0.21 %) and KS (1.98±1.88). Results of this study
strongly recommend the KAP22-1 gene as a candidate gene for wool production traits
in Egyptian sheep, with new useful insights into the visually assessed wool
traits. The identified genetic markers may be incorporated into breeding
strategies and genetic improvement programs of wool traits in Egyptian
sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Sallam
- Animal and Poultry Division, Desert Research Center, 1st
Mathaf El-Mataryia, 11735, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aymen A. Gad-Allah
- Department of Wool Technology and Production, Desert
Research Center, 1st Mathaf El-Mataryia, 11735, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Essam M. Albetar
- Department of Wool Technology and Production, Desert
Research Center, 1st Mathaf El-Mataryia, 11735, Cairo, Egypt
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Anello M, Daverio MS, Di Rocco F. Genetics of coat color and fiber production traits in llamas and alpacas. Anim Front 2022; 12:78-86. [PMID: 35974792 PMCID: PMC9374512 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Anello
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Silvana Daverio
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Florencia Di Rocco
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CONICET-UNLP-CIC, La Plata, Argentina
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Qi Y, Fu S, He X, Wang B, Da L, Te R, Yuejun M, Suzhen S, Zhang W, Liu Y. Preliminary comparison of skin transcriptome from sheep with different wool fibre diameters. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an19311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Wool is one of the most important animal fibres for the textile industry, and its diameter directly affects its economic value. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wool fibre diameter (FD) in sheep have not been fully elucidated.
Aims
The aims of the work were to make an initial comparison of skin transcriptomes from sheep with wool of high and low FD, and to identify key genes affecting FD.
Methods
High-throughput RNA-Seq technology was employed to explore the skin transcriptome, using three sheep with fine wool (FD <21.0 μm) and three sheep with coarse wool (FD >27.0 μm).
Key results
We obtained 28607228 bp of clean sequence data, 78.9% (±3.8%) of which uniquely aligned to the reference genome across the six samples. In total, 19914 mRNA transcripts were expressed (FPKM >0) in the six skin samples, among which were certain well-known genes involved in the skin–hair cycle, such as KRTAP7-1, KRT14, Wnt10b, Wnt2b, β-catenin and FGF5. Furthermore, 467 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the fine-wool and coarse-wool groups, including 21 genes with upregulated and 446 genes with downregulated expression in the sheep with lower FD. These differentially expressed genes were particularly enriched in the gene ontology processes related to lipid metabolism, skin development, differentiation and immune function (P < 0.05). The biological processes were involved in collagen catabolism, negative regulation of macromolecule metabolism, steroid hormone stimulation and lipid metabolism. A significant Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway involving the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins was also enriched, revealing that lipid metabolism might be one of the key factors affecting FD. The expression of these differentially expressed genes that were involved in the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins pathway was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The correlation between the mRNA expression level from qPCR and RNA-Seq data was 0.999 (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The 467 differentially expressed genes, especially those involved in lipid metabolism and immune function, may play key roles in wool follicle metabolism and the expression of wool FD.
Implications
This study provided valuable data for future studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms that underlie wool follicle metabolism and wool FD. The work may also have implications for studies of the human hair follicle.
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Sallam AM, Gad-Allah AA, Al-Bitar EM. Association analysis of the ovine KAP6-1 gene and wool traits in Barki sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 32:733-739. [PMID: 32248743 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1749064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, sheep are raised in Egypt for meat and wool production. Selection for higher wool quality could increase its suitability for particular processing procedures in the wool industry, which maximizes the profit of the sheep production enterprise. In this research, the effect of genetic polymorphisms of the keratin-associated protein 6-1 (KAP6-1) on wool traits was investigated in Barki sheep. Animals were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Results identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs589531301, G > C) with three genotypes (GG, GC and CC) and the genotypic frequencies were 14.63, 43.82 and 41.55%, respectively. The KAP6-1 genotypes significantly (p > 0.05) affected greasy fleece weight (GFW; p = 0.05), prickle factor (PF; p = 0.02), staple length (SL; p = 0.038), fiber diameter (FD; p = 0.015), kemp score (KS; p = 0.048), greasy color grade (GCG; p = 0.037), luster grade (LS; p = 0.048) and the greasy structure (GS; p = 0.038). The noteworthy, animals with the CC genotype produce more wool (GFW = 1.116 kg) with longer SL (9.03 cm), finer wool (FD = 24.34 μm) and higher KS compared to other genotypes. The results of this report presented the KAP6-1 gene as a candidate gene to improve the wool production traits in the Egyptian Barki sheep and worldwide.
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Daverio MS, Anello M, Alcolea Ersinger V, Alvarez S, Frank E, Vidal-Rioja L, Di Rocco F. Identification of llama KRTAP7-1 and KRTAP8-1 fiber genes and polymorphism screening. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Long noncoding RNA and gene expression analysis of melatonin-exposed Liaoning cashmere goat fibroblasts indicating cashmere growth. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 105:60. [PMID: 30291450 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-018-1585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cashmere produced from Liaoning cashmere goat is highly valuable. Melatonin is an important factor affecting cashmere growth and can regulate the growth cycle via effects on gene expression. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression, but detailed studies of their effect on hair growth are lacking. To explore how lncRNA mediates the effects of melatonin on cashmere growth, we used RNA-Seq including a control condition (C) and three melatonin treatments (1.0 g/L 24 h (M1_24H), 0.2 g/L 24 h (M2_24H), 0.2 g/L 72 h (M2_72H)). M1_24H, M2_24H, and M2_72H had 32, 10, and 113 differentially expressed lncRNAs, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses results showed that melatonin was most beneficial to cashmere growth at 0.2 g/L 72 h, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling corresponding to an effect of LncRNA MTC was involved in hair follicle development. We found that melatonin upregulated XLOC_005914 lncRNA (LncRNA MTC). Proliferation increased in the 0.2 g/L 72 h condition and cells with high LncRNA MTC expression, but it was reduced in fibroblasts with knocked down LncRNA MTC expression. This is the first report that LncRNA MTC promotes fibroblast proliferation and regulates hair follicle development and cashmere growth by activating NF-κB signaling.
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12
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Gong H, Zhou H, Forrest RHJ, Li S, Wang J, Dyer JM, Luo Y, Hickford JGH. Wool Keratin-Associated Protein Genes in Sheep-A Review. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:E24. [PMID: 27240405 PMCID: PMC4929423 DOI: 10.3390/genes7060024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of sheep's wool in making textiles has inspired extensive research into its structure and the underlying genetics since the 1960s. Wool keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are a key structural component of the wool fibre. The characterisation of the genes encoding these proteins has progressed rapidly with advances in the nucleotide and protein sequencing. This review describes our knowledge of ovine KAPs, their categorisation into families, polymorphism in the proteins and genes, the clustering and chromosomal location of the genes, some characteristics of gene expression and some potential effects of the KAPs on wool traits. The extent and nature of genetic variation in wool KAP genes and its association with fibre characteristics, provides an opportunity for the development of gene-markers for selective breeding of sheep to produce better wool with properties highly matched to specific end-uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- International Wool Research Institute, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Gene-marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Huitong Zhou
- International Wool Research Institute, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Gene-marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
| | - Rachel H J Forrest
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Eastern Institute of Technology, Private Bag 1201, Napier 4142, New Zealand.
| | - Shaobin Li
- International Wool Research Institute, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jiqing Wang
- International Wool Research Institute, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jolon M Dyer
- Food & Bio-Based Products, Lincoln Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand.
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- International Wool Research Institute, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jon G H Hickford
- International Wool Research Institute, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Gene-marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
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Identification of four new gene members of the KAP6 gene family in sheep. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24074. [PMID: 27045687 PMCID: PMC4820716 DOI: 10.1038/srep24074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
KAP6 is a high glycine-tyrosine keratin-associated protein (HGT-KAP) family. This family is thought to contain multiple genes. In this study, we used a KRTAP6 coding sequence to search the Ovine Genome (v3.1) and identified five homologous regions (R1–R5). All these regions contained an open reading frame, and they were either identical to, or highly similar to, sheep skin Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that R1–R5 were clustered with KAP6 sequences from different species and formed a group distinct to other HGT-KAPs. R1 was very similar to the characterised KRTAP6-1 sequence, but the remaining genes appeared to be new. PCR primers were designed to amplify and confirm the presence of these new genes. Amplicons were obtained for all of the 96 sheep investigated. Six, five, three and six PCR-SSCP patterns representing six, five, three and six DNA sequences were observed for KRTAP6-2 to KRTAP6-5 respectively. KRTAP6-2 and KRTAP6-4 had five and three SNPs respectively. Three SNPs and a 45-bp insertion/deletion were detected for KRTAP6-3, and five SNPs and an 18-bp insertion/deletion were identified for KRTAP6-5. Allele frequencies for these KAP6 genes differed between Merino and Romney sheep.
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Phua SH, Cullen NG, Dodds KG, Scobie DR, Bray AR. An ovine quantitative trait locus affecting fibre opacity in wool. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Zhou H, Gong H, Li S, Luo Y, Hickford J. A 57-bp deletion in the ovine KAP6-1 gene affects wool fibre diameter. J Anim Breed Genet 2015; 132:301-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhou
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
- Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences; Lincoln University; Lincoln New Zealand
| | - H. Gong
- Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences; Lincoln University; Lincoln New Zealand
| | - S. Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
| | - Y. Luo
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Animal Science and Technology; Gansu Agricultural University; Lanzhou China
| | - J.G.H. Hickford
- Faculty of Agricultural and Life Sciences; Lincoln University; Lincoln New Zealand
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Wang X, Xu HR, Li T, Qu L, Zhao ZD, Zhang ZY. Expression analysis of KAP9.2 and Hoxc13 genes during different cashmere growth stages by qRT-PCR method. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5665-8. [PMID: 24908288 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Keratin-associated protein 9.2 (KAP9.2) and Homeobox C13 (Hoxc13) genes were chosen to study because of their biological functions involving hair formation. KAP9.2 gene belongs to the ultra high sulfur KAPs, which is important for hair formation and may have association with cashmere. Hoxc13 takes part in the formation of cashmere keratin and maintaining the normal structure of follicle. It has been reported that Hoxc13 gene exists binding site of KP and KAP genes at its promoter regions in mouse. So the expression of KAP9.2 and Hoxc13 genes was detected at anagen stage vs telogen stage by qRT-PCR. The data showed that KAP9.2 and Hoxc13 gene had similar expression trend at different stages, which indicated that there was interaction between them. KAP9.2 and Hoxc13 gene had lower expression level in anagen than that of in telogen of cashmere growth. In anagen, KAP9.2 and Hoxc13 expressed lower in high cashmere yield individuals than that of in low cashmere yield ones. In telogen, the result was reverse. The study would provide the evidence of involvement of KAP9.2 and Hoxc13 in hair periodic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Variation and expression of KAP9.2 gene affecting cashmere trait in goats. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:10525-9. [PMID: 23053952 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Keratin-associated proteins 9.2 (KAP9.2) gene encodes one of the ultra high sulfur KAPs. Variation in KAP genes may affect the structure of KAPs and hence cashmere characteristics. In order to test the association between the polymorphism of KAP9.2 gene and cashmere trait, DNA sequencing was used to detect a novel C/T polymorphism of KAP9.2 gene from a genomic DNA pool. The mutation could be recognized by Pst I restriction enzyme. To Shanbei white cashmere goat, Inner Mongolia white cashmere goat and Guanzhong dairy goat, the genotypic frequencies of TT, TC and CC from total 1,236 animals were as follows: 0.047, 0.519 and 0.434; 0.180, 0.592 and 0.228; 0.431, 0.544 and 0.025. The allelic frequencies of T and C were 0.307 and 0.693; 0.476 and 0.524; 0.703 and 0.297, respectively, in breeds mentioned above. The frequency of C allele between cashmere and dairy goat was significant (P < 0.01). To provide support for the hypothesis that SNP 586 was responsible for KAP9.2 expression, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of KAP9.2 was reduced in individuals bearing genotype CC compared with TT individuals, suggesting that C was the nucleotide causing decreased expression of KAP9.2 or was in linkage disequilibrium with the causative SNP. The 586C/T SNP found in this study might control translation or stability of KAP9.2 mRNA, which would be beneficial for marker assistant selection in cashmere goat breeding.
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Abstract
A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of wool traits from experimental half-sib data of Merino sheep is presented. A total of 617 animals distributed in 10 families were genotyped for 36 microsatellite markers on four ovine chromosomes OAR1, OAR3, OAR4 and OAR11. The markers covering OAR3 and OAR11 were densely spaced, at an average distance of 2.8 and 1.2 cM, respectively. Body weight and wool traits were measured at first and second shearing. Analyses were conducted under three hypotheses: (i) a single QTL controlling a single trait (for multimarker regression models); (ii) two linked QTLs controlling a single trait (using maximum likelihood techniques) and (iii) a single QTL controlling more than one trait (also using maximum likelihood techniques). One QTL was identified for several wool traits on OAR1 (average curvature of fibre at first and second shearing, and clean wool yield measured at second shearing) and on OAR11 (weight and staple strength at first shearing, and coefficient of variation of fibre diameter at second shearing). In addition, one QTL was detected on OAR4 affecting weight measured at second shearing. The results of the single trait method and the two-QTL hypotheses showed an additional QTL segregating on OAR11 (for greasy fleece weight at first shearing and clean wool yield trait at second shearing). Pleiotropic QTLs (controlling more than one trait) were found on OAR1 (clean wool yield, average curvature of fibre, clean and greasy fleece weightand staple length, all measured at second shearing).
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Gong H, Zhou H, Plowman JE, Dyer JM, Hickford JG. Search for Variation in the Ovine KAP7-1 and KAP8-1 Genes Using Polymerase Chain Reaction–Single-Stranded Conformational Polymorphism Screening. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:367-70. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Huitong Zhou
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Jolon M. Dyer
- Lincoln Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Jon G.H. Hickford
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
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21
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MCKENZIE GW, ARORA R, HICKFORD JGH. Genetic variation in the 5′UTR of the KRT2.13 gene of sheep. Anim Sci J 2011; 83:194-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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McKenzie GW, Abbott J, Zhou H, Fang Q, Merrick N, Forrest RH, Sedcole JR, Hickford JG. Genetic diversity of selected genes that are potentially economically important in feral sheep of New Zealand. Genet Sel Evol 2010; 42:43. [PMID: 21176141 PMCID: PMC3025881 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-42-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feral sheep are considered to be a source of genetic variation that has been lost from their domestic counterparts through selection. Methods This study investigates variation in the genes KRTAP1-1, KRT33, ADRB3 and DQA2 in Merino-like feral sheep populations from New Zealand and its offshore islands. These genes have previously been shown to influence wool, lamb survival and animal health. Results All the genes were polymorphic, but no new allele was identified in the feral populations. In some of these populations, allele frequencies differed from those observed in commercial Merino sheep and other breeds found in New Zealand. Heterozygosity levels were comparable to those observed in other studies on feral sheep. Our results suggest that some of the feral populations may have been either inbred or outbred over the duration of their apparent isolation. Conclusion The variation described here allows us to draw some conclusions about the likely genetic origin of the populations and selective pressures that may have acted upon them, but they do not appear to be a source of new genetic material, at least for these four genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant W McKenzie
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
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23
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Gong H, Zhou H, Hickford JGH. Diversity of the glycine/tyrosine-rich keratin-associated protein 6 gene (KAP6) family in sheep. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:31-5. [PMID: 20238170 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are structural components of wool and variation in them may affect wool characteristics. In this study, we used PCR-SSCP to analyse the ovine KAP6 family which encodes glycine and tyrosine-rich KAPs. Five unique PCR-SSCP patterns were detected in the 250 sheep investigated. Between two and five patterns were observed in individual sheep and none with only one pattern was detected. This suggests the amplicons were heterogeneous and derived from more than one locus. To analyse these heterogeneous PCR amplicons, a sequencing approach using SSCP to separate individual amplified sequences, was developed. Using this approach, five DNA sequences (A-E) representing five unique PCR-SSCP patterns were obtained. D was identical to a published ovine KAP6-1 sequence (GenBank accession no. M95719), whereas the others were novel, but the closest homology was with KAP6 sequences from human, sheep, goats and cattle. The five ovine KAP6 sequences could be assigned into three distinct groups. B and D were identical to each other, with the exception of a 57-bp deletion/insertion and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3'-UTR region. These appear to be allelic variants of ovine KAP6-1. A and C could form another group, as they were similar to each other (with only one synonymous SNP), but different to the other sequences. This group appears to be related to a sheep KAP6 amino acid sequence, and represent allelic variation at another KAP6 locus (designated KAP6-2). The remaining sequence E did not show high sequence homology with either the KAP6-1 or KAP6-2 sequences, but exhibited homology with a bovine KAP6-3 sequence, with the exception of a deletion/insertion of 30 nucleotides. This suggests that E represents ovine KAP6-3. This sequence was detected in only 11% of the sheep investigated, suggesting either a KAP6-3 null allele, or failure to amplify allleles. These results suggest that ovine KAP6 is a complex gene family, that is not only comprised multiple loci, but that is also polymorphic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
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24
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Jin M, Wang L, Li S, Xing MX, Zhang X. Characterization and expression analysis of KAP7.1, KAP8.2 gene in Liaoning new-breeding cashmere goat hair follicle. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:3023-8. [PMID: 20151326 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-9968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Keratin-associated protein is one of the major structural proteins of the hair, whose content in hair has important effect on the quality of cashmere. In order to study the relationship between HGTKAP gene expression and cashmere fineness, the quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was firstly used to detect the levels of KAP7.1, KAP8.2 gene expression in the primary and secondary hair follicles; semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect whether KAP7.1, KAP8.2 gene are expressed in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney tissues; and in situ hybridization(ISH) to detect KAP7.1 gene expression location. qRT-PCR result showed that the expression of both KAP7.1 and KAP8.2 gene in the secondary hair follicles are significantly higher than that in the primary follicles, relative quantitative analysis obtained that KAP7.1 was 2.28 times, while KAP8.2 was 2.71 times. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results revealed that KAP 7.1 and KAP8.2 mRNA were not detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues, demonstrating that KAP7.1 and KAP8.2 were specially expressed in hair follicles, participating in hair formation. Moreover, KAP7.1 gene has a strong expression in the cortical layer, inner root sheath of the primary follicles and the cortical layer, inner root sheath and hair matrix of the secondary hair follicles by ISH analysis. Taken together, the evidence presented here indicated that in the formation of cashmere and wool, differential expression of these two genes in the primary and secondary hair follicles may have an important role in regulating the fiber diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, 116029 Dalian, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Genetics of fibre production and fleece characteristics in small ruminants, Angora rabbit and South American camelids. Animal 2010; 4:1472-81. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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26
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Fang Y, Liu W, Zhang F, Shao Y, Yu S. The Polymorphism of a Novel Mutation of KAP13.1 Gene and its
Associations with Cashmere Traits on Xinjiang Local Goat Breed in China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2010.34.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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A directed search around caprine candidate loci provided evidence for microsatellites linkage to growth and cashmere yield in Rayini goats. Small Rumin Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Yu H, Wang X, Chen H, Wang M, Zhao M, Lan X, Lei C, Wang K, Lai X, Wang X. The polymorphism of a novel 30bp-deletion mutation at KAP9.2 locus in the cashmere goat. Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Zhao M, Chen H, Wang X, Yu H, Wang M, Wang J, Lan XY, Zhang CF, Zhang LZ, Guo YK, Zhang B, Hu SR. aPCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing detecting two silent SNPs at KAP8.1 gene in the cashmere goat. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1387-91. [PMID: 18670906 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Keratin-associated proteins 8.1 gene (KAP8.1) is a structural gene responsible for the cashmere. KAP8.1 protein contains high glycine and tyrosine, which concerns regulation and function of the matrix structure fiber. In this study, the polymorphism of KAP8.1 gene was detected by methods of aPCR-SSCP (asymmetric polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism) and DNA sequencing in 791 individuals from two breeds. The results showed that there were two mutations in this gene. The mutations were described as c.63 T>G and c.66 C>G, which would result in two synonymous mutations in KAP8.1 protein. The findings go against previous research, in which there was not polymorphism at KAP8.1 gene. The reasons might be that different cashmere breeds were detected in two studies. Further analysis of results leads us to believe that the polymorphism of KAP8.1 gene might be relevant to fiber diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
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Bidinost F, Roldan D, Dodero A, Cano E, Taddeo H, Mueller J, Poli M. Wool quantitative trait loci in Merino sheep. Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Itenge-Mweza TO, Forrest RHJ, McKenzie GW, Hogan A, Abbott J, Amoafo O, Hickford JGH. Polymorphism of the KAP1.1, KAP1.3 and K33 genes in Merino sheep. Mol Cell Probes 2007; 21:338-42. [PMID: 17532184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The wool fibre is a complex structure composed primarily of proteins from the keratin family. These proteins are responsible for the major structural and mechanical properties of the wool fibre. This study examines variation in the genes encoding key keratin (K) and keratin-associated proteins (KAP) in Merino sheep. Variation at these loci has the potential to be developed as genetic-markers associated with wool traits. This study used 1541 Merino lambs born to 40 sires sourced from three farms in the South Island of New Zealand. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to identify sequence variation in the KAP1.3 (formerly known as B2C) and K33 (formerly known as KRT1.2) genes, whereas PCR-agarose gel electrophoresis was used to identify length polymorphism in the KAP1.1 (formerly known as B2A) gene. All allelic variation was confirmed by DNA sequencing. We report three alleles at the KAP1.1 locus, nine alleles at the KAP1.3 locus and five alleles at the K33 locus of Merino sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Itenge-Mweza
- Cell Biology Group, Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, PO Box 84, Lincoln University, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand.
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McLaren RJ, Rogers GR, Davies KP, Maddox JF, Montgomery GW. Linkage mapping of wool keratin and keratin-associated protein genes in sheep. Mamm Genome 1997; 8:938-40. [PMID: 9383290 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R J McLaren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
Variation at 22 gene loci was investigated in a flock of Australian Merino sheep using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Polymorphism was observed at 20 loci, including loci for wool keratin, hormone and immunoglobulin light chain genes. Eleven loci yielded unambiguous genotypes suitable for population data analysis. Average heterozygosity, determined from these and two monomorphic loci, was estimated as 0.107 (SE = 0.024). Average heterozygosity excluding all monomorphic data as estimated at 0.377 (SE = 0.031), which is comparable with human RFLP heterozygosities for loci chosen in the same way that we selected sheep loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Parsons
- School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
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