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Asrress KN, Williams R, Lockie T, Khawaja MZ, De Silva K, Lumley M, Patterson T, Arri S, Ihsan S, Ellis H, Guilcher A, Clapp B, Chowienczyk PJ, Plein S, Perera D, Marber MS, Redwood SR. Physiology of Angina and Its Alleviation With Nitroglycerin: Insights From Invasive Catheter Laboratory Measurements During Exercise. Circulation 2017; 136:24-34. [PMID: 28468975 PMCID: PMC5491223 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.025856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms governing exercise-induced angina and its alleviation by the most commonly used antianginal drug, nitroglycerin, are incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to develop a method by which the effects of antianginal drugs could be evaluated invasively during physiological exercise to gain further understanding of the clinical impact of angina and nitroglycerin. METHODS Forty patients (mean age, 65.2±7.6 years) with exertional angina and coronary artery disease underwent cardiac catheterization via radial access and performed incremental exercise using a supine cycle ergometer. As they developed limiting angina, sublingual nitroglycerin was administered to half the patients, and all patients continued to exercise for 2 minutes at the same workload. Throughout exercise, distal coronary pressure and flow velocity and central aortic pressure were recorded with sensor wires. RESULTS Patients continued to exercise after nitroglycerin administration with less ST-segment depression (P=0.003) and therefore myocardial ischemia. Significant reductions in afterload (aortic pressure, P=0.030) and myocardial oxygen demand were seen (tension-time index, P=0.024; rate-pressure product, P=0.046), as well as an increase in myocardial oxygen supply (Buckberg index, P=0.017). Exercise reduced peripheral arterial wave reflection (P<0.05), which was not further augmented by the administration of nitroglycerin (P=0.648). The observed increases in coronary pressure gradient, stenosis resistance, and flow velocity did not reach statistical significance; however, the diastolic velocity-pressure gradient relation was consistent with a significant increase in relative stenosis severity (k coefficient, P<0.0001), in keeping with exercise-induced vasoconstriction of stenosed epicardial segments and dilatation of normal segments, with trends toward reversal with nitroglycerin. CONCLUSIONS The catheterization laboratory protocol provides a model to study myocardial ischemia and the actions of novel and established antianginal drugs. Administration of nitroglycerin causes changes in the systemic and coronary circulation that combine to reduce myocardial oxygen demand and to increase supply, thereby attenuating exercise-induced ischemia. Designing antianginal therapies that exploit these mechanisms may provide new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleab N Asrress
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.).
| | - Rupert Williams
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Timothy Lockie
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Muhammed Z Khawaja
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Kalpa De Silva
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Matthew Lumley
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Tiffany Patterson
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Satpal Arri
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Sana Ihsan
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Howard Ellis
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Antoine Guilcher
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Brian Clapp
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Philip J Chowienczyk
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Sven Plein
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Divaka Perera
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Michael S Marber
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
| | - Simon R Redwood
- From King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., R.W., T.L., M.Z.K., K.D.S., M.L., T.P., S.A., H.E., D.P., M.S.M., S.R.R.); National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.N.A., M.S.M., S.R.R.); Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia (K.N.A., K.D.S.); Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia (K.N.A.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology (A.G., P.J.C.) and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute (S.I., S.P.), St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.C.); and Division of Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (S.P.)
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