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Ereej N, Hameed H, Khan MA, Faheem S, Hameed A. Nanoparticle-based Gene Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1723-1745. [PMID: 38676491 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575301011240407082559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders present a formidable challenge in modern medicine due to the intricate obstacles set for the brain and the multipart nature of genetic interventions. This review article delves into the promising realm of nanoparticle-based gene therapy as an innovative approach to addressing the intricacies of neurological disorders. Nanoparticles (NPs) provide a multipurpose podium for the conveyance of therapeutic genes, offering unique properties such as precise targeting, enhanced stability, and the potential to bypass blood-brain barrier (BBB) restrictions. This comprehensive exploration reviews the current state of nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy in neurological disorders, highlighting recent advancements and breakthroughs. The discussion encompasses the synthesis of nanoparticles from various materials and their conjugation to therapeutic genes, emphasizing the flexibility in design that contributes to specific tissue targeting. The abstract also addresses the low immunogenicity of these nanoparticles and their stability in circulation, critical factors for successful gene delivery. While the potential of NP-based gene therapy for neurological disorders is vast, challenges and gaps in knowledge persist. The lack of extensive clinical trials leaves questions about safety and potential side effects unanswered. Therefore, this abstract emphasizes the need for further research to validate the therapeutic applications of NP-mediated gene therapy and to address nanosafety concerns. In conclusion, nanoparticle-based gene therapy emerges as a promising avenue in the pursuit of effective treatments for neurological disorders. This abstract advocates for continued research efforts to bridge existing knowledge gaps, unlocking the full potential of this innovative approach and paving the way for transformative solutions in the realm of neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelofer Ereej
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mahtab Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lubeck 23566 Lubeck, Germany
| | - Saleha Faheem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anam Hameed
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Gulberg III, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of piperazine clubbed 1,2,4-triazine derivatives as potent anticonvulsant agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shaikh S, Patel H, Ray D, Aswal VK, Sharma RK. Mixed Poloxamer Nanomicelles for the Anticonvulsant Lamotrigine Drug: Solubility, Micellar Characterization, and In-Vitro Release Studies. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:5723-5735. [PMID: 33980386 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently the applications of Poloxamers in drug development is promising as it facilitated the drug molecule for delivering to the correct place, at the correct time and in the correct amount. Poloxamers can form nanomicelles to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs in order to increase solubility, stability and facilitate delivery at target. In this context, the solubilization of anticonvulsant lamotrigine (LMN) drug in a chain of Poloxamers containing different polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide noieties were examined. The results showed better solubilization of LMN in Poloxamers contain low CMTs while poor with Poloxamers having high CMTs. Systematic investigation of two mixed Poloxamer nanomicelles (P407:P403 and P407:P105) for LMN bioavailability at body temperature (37 °C) were investigated. The solubility of LMN was enhanced in mixed P407:P403 nanomicelles with the amount of P403 and reduced in mixed P407:P105 nanomicelles with the amount of P105. LMN encapsulated mixed Poloxamer nanomicelles were found spherical in shape with ~25 nm Dh sizes. The In-Vitro release profiles of mixed Poloxamer nanomicelles demonstrated the biphasic model with initial burst release and then slowly release of LMN. Better biocompatibility of LMN in the mixed P407:P403 nanomicelles was confirmed with stability data. The results of this work were proven the mixed P407:P403 nanomicelles as efficient nanocarriers for LMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Shaikh
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemil Patel
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India
| | - Debes Ray
- State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinod K Aswal
- State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai 400085, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh K Sharma
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India
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Dodin YI, Suyagh MF, Saleh MI, Nuseir ZT, Aburuz SM, Al-Qudah AA, Masri AT, Younes AM, Al-Ghazawi MA. Population Pharmacokinetics Modeling of Lamotrigine in Jordanian Epileptic Patients Using Dried Blood Spot Sampling. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 71:429-437. [PMID: 34255318 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in Jordanian epileptic patients and to identify factors affecting therapeutic parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS A population pharmacokinetics model for lamotrigine was established based on a prospectively collected data of 52 steady-state concentrations from 38 adult and pediatric patients with epilepsy. Lamotrigine concentrations were determined by a dried blood spot liquid chromatography method. Data were analyzed according to a one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination using the nonlinear mixed effect modeling program. The covariates effect of total body weight, gender, age, and co-medication with topiramate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and valproic acid on lamotrigine clearance were investigated using a stepwise forward addition followed by a stepwise backward elimination. RESULTS The final population pharmacokinetics model for lamotrigine clearance was as follows: CL/Fpop=θ1*exp (θ3*age)*exp (θ5*carbamazepine)*exp (θ6*valproic acid) , where θ1 is the relative clearance (L/hr) estimated, and θ3, θ5, and θ6 are the fixed parameters relating to age and co-medication with carbamazepine and valproic acid, respectively.The population mean value of lamotrigine total clearance generated in the final model (with covariates) was 2.12 L/hr. Inter-individual variability and residual unexplained variability expressed as the coefficient of variation was 37.1 and 26.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION Lamotrigine total clearance in the Jordanian patients is comparable to that reported by others for Caucasian patients. Age and concomitant therapy with carbamazepine and valproic acid significantly affected lamotrigine clearance, and accounted for 48% of its inter-individual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen I Dodin
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maysa F Suyagh
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad I Saleh
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ziad T Nuseir
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Salah M Aburuz
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdelkarim A Al-Qudah
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amira T Masri
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mutasim A Al-Ghazawi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Verma KK, Singh UK, Jain J. Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some 4, 5-Disubstituted-2, 4- Dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4- Triazole-3-Thione Derivatives. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:197-205. [PMID: 31749420 DOI: 10.2174/1871524919666190722144424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, 4, 5-disubstituted triazol-3-thione derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity along with neurotoxicity determination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR and MS. The anticonvulsant activity was assessed by Maximal Electroshock (MES) test and subcutaneous Pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) tests and neurotoxicity was assessed by rotarod test. Docking was also performed to study the interactions of compounds with LYS329 residue of gamma amino butyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) using Autodock 4.2 software. RESULTS The compounds 7a and 9a with significant pharmacological activity were also found to interact with LYS329 residue of GABA-AT by H-bond with a docking score of -5.92 kcal/mol (Ki = 41.99 μM) and -5.87 kcal/mol (Ki = 49.83 μM) respectively. CONCLUSION Most of the compounds were found to be active in MES test but only seven showed protection in scPTZ test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational & Technical Education, Knowledge Park-I, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Singh
- Kherwal Department of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut Bypass, Meerut, UP, India
| | - Jainendra Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Ram-Eesh Institute of Vocational & Technical Education, Knowledge Park-I, Greater Noida, UP, India
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Abd-Allah WH, Osman EEA, Anwar MAEM, Attia HN, El Moghazy SM. Design, synthesis and docking studies of novel benzopyrone derivatives as anticonvulsants. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103738. [PMID: 32179283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of coumarin derivatives 6-8, 9a-h, 11 and 13a, b -16a, b was synthesized and screened for their anticonvulsant profile. Screening of these analogues using the 'gold standard methods' revealed variable anticonvulsant potential with remarkable effects observed particularly in chemically-induced seizure test. Compounds 6, 7, 13b disclosed the highest potency among the series with 100% protection against scPTZ. Quantification study confirmed that compound 6 (ED50 0.238 mmol/kg) was the most active congener in the scPTZ model and was approximately 1.5 folds more potent than ethosuximide as reference drug Meanwhile, in the MES test, candidate drugs exhibited mild to moderate anticonvulsant efficacy, the highest of which was compound 14a, imparting 50% protection at 2.1 mmol/kg, followed by other compounds with activity ranging from 14 to 33%, as compared to diphenylhydantoin. Additionally, all candidate compounds were screened for acute neurotoxicity using the rotarod method to identify motor impairment, where almost all compounds passed the test. Further neurochemical investigation was performed to unravel the effect of the most active compound (6) on GABA level in mouse brain, where a significant elevation was evident by 4 and 1.4 folds with respect to that of the control and reference groups at p < 0.05. Molecular modeling study using Discovery Studio program was performed, where compound 6 exhibited good binding interaction with γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) enzyme and this was consistent with the attained experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamada Abd-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, P.O. 77, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Essam Eldin A Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abd-El-Mohsen Anwar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science & Technology, P.O. 77, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Naeim Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group) Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samir M El Moghazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Design and synthesis of novel parabanic acid derivatives as anticonvulsants. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Synthesis and biological activity of structurally diverse phthalazine derivatives: A systematic review. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3979-3997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jamal Gilani S, Zaheen Hassan M, Sarim Imam S, Kala C, Prakash Dixit S. Novel benzothiazole hydrazine carboxamide hybrid scaffolds as potential in vitro GABA AT enzyme inhibitors: Synthesis, molecular docking and antiepileptic evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1825-1830. [PMID: 31084949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of newer benzothiazole derivatives containing thiazolidin-4-one (5a-g) and azetidin-2-one (6a-g), were synthesized by the cyclization of benzothiazolyl arylidene hydrazine carboxamide derivatives with thioglycolic acid and chloroacetyl chloride, respectively. Results of in vivo anticonvulsant screening revealed that compounds having 2,4-dicholoro (5c and 6c) and 4-nitro substituent (5g) at the phenyl ring have promising anticonvulsant activities without any neurotoxicity. Selected compounds were also evaluated for their in vitro GABA AT inhibition. The results indicated that compound 5c (IC50 15.26 μM) exhibited excellent activity as compared to the standard drug vigabatrin (IC50 39.72 μM) suggesting the potential of these benzothiazole analogues as new anticonvulsant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, UP, India
| | - Chandra Kala
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, UP, India
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Lee BI, Park KM, Kim SE, Heo K. Clinical opinion: Earlier employment of polytherapy in sequential pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2019; 156:106165. [PMID: 31351239 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Modern pharmacotherapy for epilepsy consists of orderly, sequential drug trials, in which antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are chosen under the concept of individual patient-oriented (or - tailored) pharmacotherapy. Although monotherapy has been established as the preferred mode of AEDs therapy in both newly diagnosed and drug resistant epilepsies, there are still lack of evidence to favor either monotherapy or polytherapy in epilepsy, which has generated continuing controversies on the preferred mode of pharmacotherapy. However, each mode of pharmacotherapy may have both advantages and disadvantages, which are different and variable related to individual case scenario. We conducted a brief comparative overview between monotherapy and polytherapy to provide clues for earlier employment of polytherapy in each steps of sequential drug trials. Previous claims about the advantages of monotherapy over polytherapy are not supported but gradually losing its ground by the introduction of a large number of drugs carrying pharmacological advantages for combination therapy. Current evidence stresses the importance of combining drugs having synergistic interactions for better outcome of polytherapy, which has not been considered in previous clinical investigations comparing monotherapy and polytherapy. It is likely that a significant improvement in the outcome of current AEDs therapy is feasible by earlier employment of polytherapy as well as identification of combination drug regimens carrying synergistic interactions. At present, lamotrigine(LTG) and valproate(VPA) combination regimen is the only well documented synergistic regimen, but there are a long-list of candidate regimens requiring future trials in appropriate designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung In Lee
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Epilepsy Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Synthesis and Chemical Properties of 3-Phosphono-coumarins and 1,2-Benzoxaphosphorins as Precursors for Bioactive Compounds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112030. [PMID: 31141889 PMCID: PMC6600311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are an important class of natural heterocyclic compounds that have attracted considerable synthetic and pharmacological interest due to their various biological activities. This review emphasizes on the synthetic methods for the preparation of dialkyl 2-oxo-2H-1-benzo- pyran-3-phosphonates and alkyl 1,2-benzoxaphosphorin-3-carboxylates. Their chemical properties as acceptors in conjugate addition reactions, [2+2] and [3+2] cycloaddition reactions are discussed.
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Baldoni AO, Freitas-Lima P, Alexandre V, Ferreira FIDS, Martinez EZ, Queiroz RHC, Sakamoto AC, Pereira LRL. Influence of the clinical profile of patients with refractory epilepsy on lamotrigine plasma concentration. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Binary mixed micellar systems of PEO-PPO-PEO block copolymers for lamotrigine solubilization: a comparative study with hydrophobic and hydrophilic copolymer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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O'Connell J, Burke É, Mulryan N, O'Dwyer C, Donegan C, McCallion P, McCarron M, Henman MC, O'Dwyer M. Drug burden index to define the burden of medicines in older adults with intellectual disabilities: An observational cross-sectional study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:553-567. [PMID: 29193284 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The drug burden index (DBI) is a dose-related measure of anticholinergic and sedative drug exposure. This cross-sectional study described DBI in older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and the most frequently reported therapeutic classes contributing to DBI and examined associations between higher DBI scores and potential adverse effects as well as physical function. METHODS This study analysed data from Wave 2 (2013/2014) of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS-TILDA), a representative study on the ageing of people with ID in Ireland. Self- and objectively-reported data were collected on medication use and physical health, including health conditions. The Barthel index was the physical function measure. RESULTS The study examined 677 individuals with ID, of whom 644 (95.1%) reported taking medication and 78.6% (n = 532) were exposed to medication with anticholinergic and/or sedative activity. 54.2% (n = 367) were exposed to high DBI score (≥1). Adjusted multivariate regression analysis revealed no significant association between DBI score and daytime dozing, constipation or falls. After adjusting for confounders (sex, age, level of ID, comorbidities, behaviours that challenge, history of falls), DBI was associated with significantly higher dependence in the Barthel index (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS This is the first time DBI has been described in older adults with ID. Scores were much higher than those observed in the general population and higher scores were associated with higher dependence in Barthel index activities of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette O'Connell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Éilish Burke
- IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Mulryan
- IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire O'Dwyer
- IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare Donegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,IDS-TILDA, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mary McCarron
- Dean of Health Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin C Henman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Máire O'Dwyer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Conner TM, Nikolian VC, Georgoff PE, Pai MP, Alam HB, Sun D, Reed RC, Zhang T. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of disposition and drug-drug interactions for valproic acid and divalproex. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 111:465-481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Liu XJ, Zhang HJ, Quan ZS. Synthesis and evaluation of the anticonvulsant activities of 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione derivatives. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Shaikh S, Ray D, Aswal VK, Sharma RK. Incorporation of Lamotrigine Drug in the PEO–PPO–PEO Triblock Copolymer (Pluronic F127) Micelles: Effect of Hydrophilic Polymers. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-1948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Long-term changes in the incidence of childhood epilepsy. A population study from Finland. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 58:81-5. [PMID: 27064826 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of childhood epilepsy has changed during the past decades, but it is unclear whether it increased or decreased. METHODS Changes in drug-treated childhood epilepsy between 1968 and 2012 were evaluated using the Finnish nationwide register of all children, aged ≤15years, on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) prescribed for the treatment of epilepsy. The first registered entitlement to full-refundable AEDs was used as a proxy for newly diagnosed epilepsy. Incidence densities were calculated as ratios of annual new cases per 100,000person-years in each calendar year during 1968 to 2012. RESULTS The annual incidence density of newly treated childhood epilepsy increased from 35 in the 1960s to 87 per 100,000person-years in the 1990s and decreased thereafter to 61 per 100,000person-years. Since 1996, the incidence density decreased 1-2% per year in children aged <1, 1-5, or 6-10years (all 95% confidence intervals within 0.3%-3%), while no substantial change was seen in older children. CONCLUSION The incidence of drug-treated childhood epilepsy from the late 1960s to the early 1990s distinctly increased. The reasons for the increase are not fully understood but may include increasing ascertainment through improved diagnosis and a wider acceptance of AED treatment. Since the 1990s, a slight decline can be seen, probably reflecting the recent improvement in child health and safety.
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20
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Docking studies and pharmacological evaluation of antiepileptic activity of phytoconstituents. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Aboul-Enein MN, El-Azzouny AAS, Saleh OA, Amin KM, Maklad YA, Hassan RM. Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of Substituted-1,3-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-ones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:575-88. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nabil Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department; Medicinal Chemistry Group; Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre (ID: 60014618); Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Aida Abdel Sattar El-Azzouny
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department; Medicinal Chemistry Group; Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre (ID: 60014618); Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Ola Ahmed Saleh
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department; Medicinal Chemistry Group; Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre (ID: 60014618); Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Kamilia Mahmoud Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Yousreya Ali Maklad
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department; Pharmacology Group; Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre (ID: 60014618); Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Rasha Mohamed Hassan
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department; Medicinal Chemistry Group; Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre (ID: 60014618); Dokki Giza Egypt
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Ozkaynakci A, Gulcebi MI, Ergeç D, Ulucan K, Uzan M, Ozkara C, Guney I, Onat FY. The effect of polymorphic metabolism enzymes on serum phenytoin level. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:397-401. [PMID: 25311916 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Phenytoin has a widespread use in epilepsy treatment and is mainly metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP). We have investigated CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 allelic variants in a Turkish population of patients on phenytoin therapy. Patients on phenytoin therapy (n = 102) for the prevention of epileptic seizures were included. Polymorphic alleles were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Serum concentrations of phenytoin were measured by fluorescence polarization immune assay method. The most frequent genotype was detected for CYP2C9 wild-type alleles (78.43 %), whereas CYP2C19*2/*2 (5.88 %) was the least frequent genotype group. According to the classification made with both enzyme polymorphisms, CYP2C9*1/*1-CYP2C19*1/*1 (G1: 41.17 %) genotype group was the most frequent whereas CYP2C9*1/*2-CYP2C19*1/*3 (G7: 0.98 %) was the least frequent one. The highest mean phenytoin level (27.95 ± 1.85 µg/ml) was detected in the G8 genotype group (CYP2C9*1/*3-CYP2C19*2/*3) and the G1 genotype group showed the lowest mean phenytoin level (7.43 ± 0.73 µg/ml). The mean serum concentration of phenytoin of the polymorphic patients with epilepsy was higher than that for the wild-type alleles both in the monotherapy and polytherapy patients. These results show the importance of the genetic polymorphism analysis of the main metabolizing enzyme groups of phenytoin for the dose adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Ozkaynakci
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Wang ZY, Lv PM, Yuan ZH, Luo W, Liu SN. An efficient chemoenzymatic method to prepare optically active O-methyl-d-serine. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Madaiah M, Prashanth MK, Revanasiddappa HD, Veeresh B. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel 1'-[2-(difluoromethoxy)benzyl]-2'H,5'H-spiro[8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,4'-imidazolidine]-2',5'-diones and their derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:370-80. [PMID: 24446334 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 1'-[2-(difluoromethoxy)benzyl]-2'H,5'H-spiro[8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,4'-imidazolidine]-2',5'-dione substituted hydantoins (5-32) were synthesized using an appropriate synthetic route and characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data. The novel molecules were screened for anticonvulsant activity in mice by maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (ScPTZ)-induced seizure tests. The neurotoxicity was assessed using the rotarod method. Compounds 9, 10, 18, 30, and 31 exhibited anticonvulsant potency against MES seizure and in the ScPTZ model, with lesser neurotoxicity. Some title compounds showed lesser central nervous system depression compared to phenytoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavalli Madaiah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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25
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Abstract
Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is a 10-keto-analogue of carbamazepine, which was developed and labeled as a follow-up antiepileptic drug, that was intended to overcome some of the pharmacological drawbacks of carbamazepine with similar efficacy. The main advantage is the nonoxidative metabolic pathway that allows a lower enzyme-induction profile and fewer drug interactions. OXC is rapidly and extensively reduced by cytosolic hepatic enzymes to its monohydroxylated derivative (MHD), thus OXC may be regarded as a prodrug with MHD representing the active antiepileptic agent. The immediate-release (IR) formulation of OXC (Trileptal(®), Timox(®)) has an almost complete bioavailibilty. It is rapidly absorbed and reaches peak concentrations after 1-3 h. MHD peak concentrations are measured within 4-12 h. Elimination half-life in healthy subjects is 1-5 h for OXC and 7-20 h for MHD. The OXC plasma concentration peak may have been responsible for side effects, such as dizziness, vertigo, coordination problems or blurred vision, which appeared more often with this formulation in individual cases than with the formulation available prior to 2000, or with another formulation that has been distributed in Scandinavian countries. Both possibilities offer a profile approaching the characteristics of an extended-release (ER) formulation. ER OXC was labeled in Germany in 2008 (Apydan(®) extent, Desitin Arzneimittel GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). Under steady-state conditions, Phase I studies show bioequivalence between IR and ER OXC. With ER OXC, OXC plasma peak concentrations and both OXC and MHD peak-trough fluctuations are markedly reduced. In clinical trials, comparisons between IR OXC twice daily versus ER OXC once daily failed to show significant differences; efficacy tended to be better with IR OXC, whereas OXC ER showed insignificant tolerability advantages. Another study is currently ongoing to compare the tolerability of both formulations under twice-daily administration conditions in patients with difficult-to-treat epilepsies who require a dosage increase of OXC and who are randomized to IR or ER OXC.
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Aboul-Enein MN, El-Azzouny AA, Maklad YA, Ismail MA, Ismail NSM, Hassan RM. Design and synthesis of certain substituted cycloalkanecarboxamides structurally related to safinamide with anticonvulsant potential. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kanemura H, Sano F, Tando T, Sugita K, Aihara M. Efficacy and safety of add-on levetiracetam in refractory childhood epilepsy. Brain Dev 2013; 35:386-91. [PMID: 22871391 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) in refractory epileptic children. METHODS The study group included 61 outpatients (7 generalized, 48 localization-related, 3 undetermined, 3 unclassified) aged between 16 months and 18 years. LEV was given twice daily at a total dose of 10 mg/kg/day. The final mean dose was 50.7 mg/kg/day. The mean number of prior anti-epileptic drugs was 5.2. The entire treatment period was more than 6 months after LEV administration. RESULTS Fifteen children (24.6%) became seizure-free for 6 months after starting LEV, and 18 (29.5%) had a seizure reduction of more than 50% for the entire 6 months. The response rate was 33/61 (54.1%). Responders included 2/3 of patients (66.7%) with epilepsy with continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep and 13/19 (68.4%) with frontal lobe epilepsy. The effective dosage of LEV in the responders demonstrated a wide range (mean, 46.1 mg/kg/day; range, 19.4-59.1 mg/kg/day), and showed bimodal distribution. Adverse events occurred in only two patients who did not require LEV discontinuation. CONCLUSION LEV represents an important addition to the treatments available for refractory epileptic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kanemura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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Rajak H, Singh Thakur B, Singh A, Raghuvanshi K, Sah AK, Veerasamy R, Sharma PC, Singh Pawar R, Kharya MD. Novel limonene and citral based 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles: a natural product coupled approach to semicarbazones for antiepileptic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:864-8. [PMID: 23265873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two novel series of N(4)-(5-(2/3/4-substituted-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N(1)-(2-methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-enylidene)semicarbazide and N(4)-(5-(2/3/4-substituted-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N(1)-(3,7-dimethylocta-3,6-dienylidene)-semicarbazide were synthesized to meet structural prerequisite indispensable for anticonvulsant activity. The anticonvulsant activities of the compounds were investigated using maximal electroshock seizure (MES), subcutaneous pentylenetrtrazole (scPTZ) and subcutaneous strychnine (scSTY) models. The rotorod test was conducted to evaluate neurotoxicity. Some of the selected active compounds were subjected to GABA assay to confirm their mode of action. The outcome of the present investigations proved that the four binding sites pharmacophore model is vital for anticonvulsant activity. The efforts were also made to establish structure-activity relationships among test compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Rajak
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495 009, CG, India.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new quinazolin-4(3H)-ones derivatives as anticonvulsants. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Itoh H, Suzuki Y, Fujisaki K, Sato Y, Takeyama M. Correlation between plasma ammonia level and serum trough concentration of free valproic acid in patients with epilepsy. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:971-4. [PMID: 22687541 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring of valproic acid (VPA) is essential to prevent toxicity, but the correlation between plasma ammonia level and serum VPA concentration remains unclear. We examined the correlation of plasma ammonia level with VPA dose and serum trough concentrations of total and free VPA in Japanese patients with epilepsy. Thirty-eight data sets from 19 Japanese patients with epilepsy were analyzed. The relations of VPA dose and serum total and free VPA concentrations with plasma ammonia level, and the breakpoints of VPA parameters predicting hyperammonemia (plasma ammonia higher than 60 µmol/L) were analyzed. A significant positive correlation was observed between plasma ammonia level and VPA dose (r(s)=0.56, p=0.00062), serum trough total VPA concentration (r(s)=0.55, p=0.00086) and serum trough free VPA concentration (r(s)=0.58, p=0.00041). The breakpoints predicting hyperammonemia were VPA dose of 30.4 mg/kg, serum trough total VPA concentration of 90.9 µg/mL, and serum trough free VPA concentration of 8.65 µg/mL, with impurity reductions at 1.35, 1.35 and 2.02, respectively. These findings suggest that serum trough concentration of free VPA is the most reliable predictor for hyperammonemia, and that the risk of developing hyperammonemia may increase in patients with serum trough free VPA concentrations higher than 8.65 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Itoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Hasama-machi, Japan.
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Madani AS, Abdollahian E, Khiavi HA, Radvar M, Foroughipour M, Asadpour H, Hasanzadeh N. The efficacy of gabapentin versus stabilization splint in management of sleep bruxism. J Prosthodont 2012; 22:126-31. [PMID: 22946979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2012.00914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine if the use of gabapentin is more efficacious than a stabilization splint with regard to the intensity of masseter muscle contractions and/or sleep quality for patients experiencing sleep bruxism (SB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with SB participated in this clinical study. They were randomly divided into two treatment groups: stabilization splint group (n = 10) and gabapentin group (n = 10). The first polysomnographic examination was performed before the beginning of the experiment for all the participants. At the end of a 2-month period of stabilization splint therapy or gabapentin usage, a second polysomnographic recording was made. RESULTS Statistically significant reductions in the number of SB episodes per hour and per night, bruxism time index, total duration of SB episodes per night and number of SB episodes in stages NR I and NR II (p < 0.05) were observed in both groups after treatment. Both treatments significantly reduced the mean intensity of masseter muscle contractions during SB episodes. Moreover, the participants treated with gabapentin showed a significant improvement in total sleep time, slow wave sleep (stage III), and sleep efficiency (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Gabapentin could be an effective treatment modality in SBs, especially in those with poor sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Sadat Madani
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Saravanan G, Alagarsamy V, Prakash CR. Design, synthesis and anticonvulsant activities of novel 1-(substituted/unsubstituted benzylidene)-4-(4-(6,8-dibromo-2-(methyl/phenyl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)phenyl) semicarbazide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3072-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ilieva ED, Petkova NI, Nikolova RD. A new and efficient method for the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine-2,5-diones. Molecules 2012; 17:4936-49. [PMID: 22547316 PMCID: PMC6268139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17054936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly found reaction for the synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted 1-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2,5-diones from 3-substituted coumarins and nitromethane has been elaborated. The reaction involved a simple and convenient experimental procedure. The applicability of the rearrangement reaction is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rositca D. Nikolova
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +359-2-8161-392; Fax: +359-2-9625-438
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36
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Khan HN, Kulsoom S, Rashid H. Ligand based pharmacophore model development for the identification of novel antiepileptic compound. Epilepsy Res 2012; 98:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Kumar P, Shrivastava B, Pandeya SN, Tripathi L, Stables JP. Design, synthesis, and anticonvulsant evaluation of some novel 1, 3 benzothiazol-2-yl hydrazones/acetohydrazones. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yadav N, Malhotra M, Monga V, Sharma S, Jain J, Samad A, Deep A. Synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of new GABA analogs as potent anticonvulsant agents. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Substituted 2-[2-(pyridin-3-yl) phenyl] acetamides and ureas: design, synthesis, and anticonvulsant screening in mice. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9717-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Suzuki Y, Itoh H, Abe T, Nishimura F, Sato Y, Takeyama M. No effect of co-administered antiepileptic drugs on in-vivo protein binding parameters of valproic acid in patients with epilepsy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:976-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to establish the population protein binding parameters of valproic acid (VPA) in patients with epilepsy receiving VPA monotherapy and those receiving VPA combined with other antiepileptic drugs.
Methods
One hundred and thirty nine data sets from 63 Japanese patients with epilepsy were analysed. These patients were separated into two groups: VPA monotherapy and VPA combined with other binding-sensitive antiepileptic drugs, including phenytoin, clonazepam, clobazam, carbamazepine and phenobarbital (VPA polytherapy). The population protein-binding parameters of VPA were obtained by non-linear least-squares method in each group.
Key findings
The mean (95% confidence interval) dissociation constants were 38.9 µm (33.2–44.6 µm) and 36.9 µm (26.7–47.1 µm), and the numbers of binding sites were 1.36 (1.27–1.44) and 1.33 (1.19–1.47) in the monotherapy and polytherapy groups, respectively. No significant differences in the binding parameters of VPA to serum albumin were observed between the two groups.
Conclusions
The steady-state serum albumin binding of VPA in Japanese patients with epilepsy is not affected by co-administration of other antiepileptic drugs. These findings suggest that serum VPA concentration is stable at the steady state with regard to interaction by protein binding, even when other antiepileptic drugs with moderate-to-high binding properties are co-administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Hasama-machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Itoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Hasama-machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomohide Abe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Hasama-machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Hasama-machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuhki Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Hasama-machi, Oita, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takeyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Oita University Hospital, Hasama-machi, Oita, Japan
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Design and synthesis of novel N-substituted-3-chloro-2-azetidinone derivatives as potential anticonvulsant agents. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sinha R, Sara UVS, Khosa RL, Stables J, Jain J. Nicotinic acid hydrazones: a novel anticonvulsant pharmacophore. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9396-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Zhang LQ, Guan LP, Wei CX, Deng XQ, Quan ZS. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some 7-alkoxy-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-ones and 7-alkoxy-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-d]benzo[b][1,4]thiazines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:326-31. [PMID: 20190436 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of 7-alkoxy-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-ones and a new series of 7-alkoxy-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-d]benzo[b][1,4]thiazine derivatives were synthesized using 5-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine as starting material. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by IR, (1)H-NMR spectroscopic data and microanalyses. The anticonvulsant activity of these compounds was evaluated by maximal electroshock (MES) test and rotarod test following intraperitoneal injection in KunMing mice. Among the synthesized compounds 3a-v, 7-(hexyloxy)-2H-benzo[b][1,4]thiazin-3(4H)-one (3f) could be considered potentially the most useful and safe therapeutic compound. Among the synthesized compounds 4a-u, compound 7-(2-fluorobenzyloxy)-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-d]benzo[b][1,4]thiazine (4k) was the most active compound with an ED(50) of 17.0 mg/kg, TD(50) of 243.9 mg/kg and protective index (PI) of 14.3. Its neurotoxicity was lower than all the other synthesized compounds and also markedly lower than that of the reference drug carbamazepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Zhoushan 316004, P. R. China
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Wei CX, Deng XQ, Chai KY, Sun ZG, Quan ZS. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 1-formamide-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline derivatives. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:655-62. [PMID: 20512461 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolone as the starting material, a series of 1-formamide-triazolo[4, 3-a]quinoline derivatives (6a-6n) was synthesized, the anticonvulsant effect and neurotoxicity of the compounds was calculated with maximal electroshock test and rotarod tests with intraperitoneally injected in KunMing mice. The results demonstrated that compound 7-(hexyloxy)-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline-1-carboxamide (6d) was the most active one and also had the lowest toxicity. In the anti-maximal electroshock potency test, it showed median effective dose (ED(50)) of 30.1 mg/kg, median toxicity dose (TD(50)) of 286 mg/kg, and the protective index of 9.5 which is greater than the reference drug carbamazepine with the protective index value of 6.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xi Wei
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
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Pathan SA, Alam S, Jain GK, Zaidi SMA, Akhter S, Vohora D, Khar RK, Ahmad FJ. Quantitative analysis of safranal in saffron extract and nanoparticle formulation by a validated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2010; 21:219-223. [PMID: 19862835 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Safranal is an effective anticonvulsant shown to act as an agonist at GABA(A) receptors. Nose to brain delivery via nanoparticle formulation might improve its brain delivery. A selective and sensitive analytical method is required for evaluation of safranal-based novel drug delivery systems. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the quantitative analysis of safranal as bulk, in saffron extract and in developed safranal-loaded nanoparticle formulation. METHODOLOGY Chromatographic separation was achieved on silica gel pre-coated TLC aluminium plates 60F-254, using n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9 : 1, v/v) as the mobile phase. Quantitative analysis was carried out by densitometry at a wavelength of 310 nm. The method was validated and applied to detect related impurities, to analyse safranal in saffron extract and to evaluate safranal-loaded nanoparticles. RESULTS Compact spots of safranal were observed at R(f) value 0.51 +/- 0.02. The method was linear (r = 0.9991) between 0.5 and 5.0 ng/spot. The intra- and inter-day precisions were 1.08-2.17 and 1. 86-3.47%, respectively. The limit of detection was 50 ng/spot and the limit of quantification was 150 ng/spot. The method proved to be accurate (recovery 97.4-102.0%) and was selective for safranal. Evaluation of safranal-loaded nanoparticle formulation demonstrated drug loading of 23.0%, encapsulation efficiency of 42.0% and sustained drug release following biphasic pattern. CONCLUSION The present method is useful for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of safranal and safranal-loaded nanoparticle formulation. It provides significant advantages in terms of greater specificity and rapid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Ahmad Pathan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi-110062, India.
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Dhande PP, Ranade RS, Ghongane BB. Effect of magnesium oxide on the activity of standard anti-epileptic drugs against experimental seizures in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2010; 41:268-72. [PMID: 20407558 PMCID: PMC2846501 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.59926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the effect of oral magnesium oxide supplementation alone and on the activity of standard anti-epileptic drugs in the animal models of maximal electroshock seizures (MES) and chemically (pentylenetetrazole [PTZ])-induced seizures. Methods: Healthy male albino rats were given magnesium oxide (MgO) supplementation orally in various doses (500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg /day) for 4 weeks (day 1 to day 28). On day 0 and day 29, response to MES (180 mA for 0.2 s) was tested 1 h after pre-administration of phenytoin or carbamazepine orally. Similarly, in the other groups, the response to PTZ 40 mg/kg i.p. was tested 1 h after pre-administration of oral sodium valproate. Results: Oral administration of MgO in a low dose (500 mg/kg) for 4 weeks in healthy rats appears to exert protective effect against MES. High oral doses of MgO (750 and 1000 mg/kg) appear to enhance the activity of phenytoin and carbamazepine in the MES model. MgO supplementation was seen to decrease the latency of PTZ-induced seizures. Conclusion: The dose of oral MgO appears to have an inverse relation with the protective effect in MES-induced seizure model. High doses of MgO supplementation given orally appear to enhance the activity of standard anti-epileptic drugs in the MES-induced seizure model.
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Sun XY, Wei CX, Deng XQ, Sun ZG, Quan ZS. Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of 6-(4-chlorophenyoxy)-tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine in various experimental seizure models in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 62:273-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bauer J, Pfeiffer C, Burr W. Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Serumkonzentration von Levetiracetam? DER NERVENARZT 2010; 81:391-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-009-2906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Steinhoff BJ, Wendling AS. Short-term impact of the switch from immediate-release to extended-release oxcarbazepine in epilepsy patients on high dosages. Epilepsy Res 2009; 87:256-9. [PMID: 19850448 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Extended-release oxcarbazepine (OXC) was introduced in Germany in January of 2008. In principle, this formulation should allow a better tolerability due to the less marked serum peak concentration of OXC prior to metabolization to its monohydroxy derivate (MHD) that is the active compound. Twenty-seven in-patients who had been referred to our epilepsy centre because of their difficult-to-treat localization-related epilepsies and had been on immediate-release OXC were abruptly switched to extended-release OXC at identical dosages. The adverse event profile (AEP) and the QOLIE-10 questionnaire were obtained immediately prior to and 5 days after this switch. On both days MHD fasting serum concentrations were also measured. After the switch a significant improvement of tolerability and quality of life was reported according to AEP and QOLIE-10 (p<0.001). Ameliorations were apparent in almost every patient (AEP: 26 of 27 patients, QOLIE-10: 23 of 27 patients). The improvement not explained by a drop of MHD levels. On the contrary and in line with preclinical data, serum levels of MHD rose significantly (p<0.001). We suggest that patients on extended-release OXC experience a lower serum concentration peak of the pro-drug OXC.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment strategies for focal epilepsy need to take account of the phase and severity of the seizure disorder, comorbidity, gender and age. METHODS Expert review and evaluation of major studies on the treatment of focal epilepsy. RESULTS Complete seizure control is most often achieved with antiepileptic drug (AED) monotherapy. In the choice of AED, possible unfavourable endocrine, cognitive or psychiatric adverse effects and their interaction with the non-seizure manifestations of focal epilepsy have to be considered. In women teratogenic risks associated with AED may be relevant. If complete seizure control cannot be achieved with the first three steps of AED treatment, epilepsy surgery becomes the most likely treatment modality to provide complete seizure control. It is proposed that AED combination treatment should be limited to two or three agents to minimize the risk of side effects, especially negative effects on cognition. CONCLUSIONS Recent developments in the treatment of focal epilepsy have made it easier to tailor AED therapy to patients' demographic and clinical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Bauer
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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