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Honda H, Nagamachi A, Inaba T. -7/7q- syndrome in myeloid-lineage hematopoietic malignancies: attempts to understand this complex disease entity. Oncogene 2014; 34:2413-25. [PMID: 24998854 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The recurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in a specific subtype of cancer strongly suggests that dysregulated gene expression in the corresponding region has a critical role in disease pathogenesis. -7/7q-, defined as the entire loss of chromosome 7 and partial deletion of its long arm, is among the most frequently observed chromosomal aberrations in myeloid-lineage hematopoietic malignancies such as myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia, particularly in patients treated with cytotoxic agents and/or irradiation. Tremendous efforts have been made to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease development, and several possible candidate genes have been cloned. However, the study is still underway, and the entire nature of this syndrome is not completely understood. In this review, we focus on the attempts to identify commonly deleted regions in patients with -7/7q-; isolate the candidate genes responsible for disease development, cooperative genes and the factors affecting disease prognosis; and determine effective and potent therapeutic approaches. We also refer to the possibility that the accumulation of multiple gene haploinsufficiency, rather than the loss of a single tumor suppressor gene, may contribute to the development of diseases with large chromosomal deletions such as -7/7q-.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Honda
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - A Nagamachi
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Leukemia Program Project, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Inaba
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Leukemia Program Project, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Yusuf U, Frangoul HA, Gooley TA, Woolfrey AE, Carpenter PA, Andrews RG, Deeg HJ, Appelbaum FR, Anasetti C, Storb R, Sanders JE. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in children with myelodysplastic syndrome or juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia: the Seattle experience. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33:805-14. [PMID: 14755311 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In total, 94 consecutive pediatric patients with MDS received an allogeneic BMT from 1976 to 2001 for refractory anemia (RA) (n=25), RA with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) (n=2), RA with excess blasts (RAEB) (n=20), RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T) (n=14), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) (n=32) or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) (n=1). The estimated 3-year probabilities of survival, event-free survival (EFS), nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 50, 41, 28 and 29%, respectively. Patients with RA/RARS had an estimated 3-year survival of 74% compared to 68% in those with RAEB and 33% in patients with JMML/CMML. In multivariable analysis, patients with RAEB-T or JMML were 3.9 and 3.7 times more likely to die compared to those with RA/RARS and RAEB (P=0.005 and 0.004, respectively). Patients with RAEB-T were 5.5 times more likely to relapse (P=0.01). The median follow-up among the 43 surviving patients is 10 years (range 1-25). We conclude that allogeneic BMT for children with MDS is well tolerated and can be curative.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Anemia, Sideroblastic/therapy
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Female
- Graft vs Host Disease/etiology
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/therapy
- Male
- Monosomy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy
- Survival Rate
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Washington
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Affiliation(s)
- U Yusuf
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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3
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Casillas JN, Woods WG, Hunger SP, McGavran L, Alonzo TA, Feig SA. Prognostic implications of t(10;11) translocations in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia: a report from the Children's Cancer Group. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2003; 25:594-600. [PMID: 12902910 DOI: 10.1097/00043426-200308000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This was a retrospective analysis of outcome based on cytogenetics for a Children's Cancer Group phase 3 trial of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (CCG-2891). PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of outcome for newly diagnosed children with AML and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was performed using data collected from CCG-2891. The authors identified 11 patients whose blasts carried t(10;11) reciprocal translocations or other complex rearrangements involving 10p and 11q among 470 eligible patients entered with acceptable, centrally reviewed cytogenetics. A bone marrow specimen was used for each case of cytogenetic analysis in which 20 banded (either G-banded or Q-banded) metaphases were completed on each subject. All 11 patients had characteristic monocytoid morphology (M4 or M5) and tended to be young (0.1-7.9 years; median 0.9 years). RESULTS All 11 patients entered remission, but remissions tended to be short; 9 patients relapsed within 12 months (median 4 months). The relapse rate of 82% was significantly higher for this group of patients compared with 46% for the group at large. The relapse rate for this group of patients having t(10;11) reciprocal translocations or other complex rearrangements involving 10p and 11q was also significantly higher compared with subjects with other 11q23 chromosomal abnormalities. The CNS relapse rate of 55% was higher for this group of patients compared with 3% for all other patients in the study. The CNS relapse rate was higher for the subjects who had t(10;11) reciprocal translocations or other complex rearrangements involving 10p and 11q compared with subjects with all other chromosome 11 abnormalities. Three children survived, two in second remissions (4.7 and 6.3 years after relapse) and one in first remission (7.0 years after diagnosis). Survival and event-free survival for the patients with t(10;11) reciprocal translocations or other complex rearrangements involving 10p and 11q was 27 +/- 27% and 9 +/- 17% at 6 years, respectively, and was not statistically different from all other patients with cytogenetics. Similarly, the survival and event-free survival for the patients with t(10;11) translocations and other rearrangements of chromosomes 10 and 11 was 27 +/- 27% and 9 +/- 17% at 6 years, respectively, and was not statistically different from the 11q23 group of subjects. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to determine the various changes that are occurring at the molecular level for patients with t(10;11) translocations and other rearrangements of chromosomes 10 and 11 to gain insight into the mechanisms causing this clinical phenotype associated with a poor prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Prognosis
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Translocation, Genetic
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline N Casillas
- Gwynne Hazen Cherry Memorial Laboratory, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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4
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Smith FO, King R, Nelson G, Wagner JE, Robertson KA, Sanders JE, Bunin N, Emaunel PD, Davies SM. Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2002; 116:716-24. [PMID: 11849238 DOI: 10.1046/j.0007-1048.2001.03333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Children with juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) have a poor outcome, with survival in a minority of patients. The major limitation on success of sibling donor bone marrow transplantation for JMML has been reported to be relapse. A total of 46 children with a diagnosis of JMML underwent unrelated donor marrow (URD) transplantation facilitated by the National Marrow Donor Program. Forty-three of 46 patients had neutrophil engraftment at a median of 20 d post transplant, with platelet recovery in 28 of 40 evaluable patients at a median of 34.5 d. Thirty-two of 44 evaluable patients developed acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) (Grades 2-4) and chronic GVHD developed in 14 of 35 evaluable patients. At a median follow-up of 2.0 years, probabilities of survival and disease-free survival were 42% and 24% respectively. The probability of relapse was 58% at 2 years and represents the major cause of treatment failure. Multivariate analysis revealed that chronic GVHD was associated with reduced relapse [risk ratio 0.20 (95% CI 0.04-1.02, P=0.05)] improved survival [risk ratio 0.13 (95% CI 0.03-0.68, P=0.02)] and event-free survival [risk ratio 0.23 (95% CI 0.06-0.94, P=0.04)]. This study demonstrates that relapse is the major cause of treatment failure in patients with JMML undergoing URD transplantation. With lower relapse observed in patients with chronic GVHD, new treatment strategies that focus on enhancing the graft-versus-leukaemia effect may improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin O Smith
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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5
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Mantadakis E, Shannon KM, Singer DA, Finklestein J, Chan KW, Hilden JM, Sandler ES. Transient monosomy 7: a case series in children and review of the literature. Cancer 1999; 85:2655-61. [PMID: 10375115 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990615)85:12<2655::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monosomy 7 and deletions of the long arm of chromosome 7 [del (7q)] are recurrent, nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities associated with both de novo and therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The overall prognosis for children and adults with these chromosomal abnormalities is poor. In the current report, the authors present five children with MDS associated with monosomy 7/del(7q) who achieved spontaneous hematologic disease remission as well as a review of the literature. METHODS Five children with either de novo or treatment-related MDS who achieved spontaneous hematologic disease remission are presented. Relevant clinical, cytogenetic, and fluorescent in situ hybridization data are included. RESULTS All patients were boys. Three had de novo MDS whereas two others previously had received chemotherapy for another malignancy. Four patients achieved spontaneous and durable hematologic disease remission that was associated with cytogenetic disease remission in all three patients tested. The fifth patient developed a disease recurrence and died with evidence of clonal evolution after a long interval of hematologic and cytogenetic remission. CONCLUSIONS A subset of children who develop MDS associated with monosomy 7 or del(7q) achieve spontaneous hematologic and cytogenetic improvement. Although this appears to be uncommon, further data are needed to determine the percentage of patients who improve without therapy and to define clinical characteristics that may predict this clinical outcome. These findings suggest that monosomy 7/del(7q) is insufficient to produce full leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mantadakis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center of Dallas, USA
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6
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7
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8
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Massive Splenomegaly and Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Infectious Mononucleosis in a Patient With Gaucher Disease. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00043426-199901000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Disorders classified as paediatric myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), such as juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia (JCML), and as paediatric myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), are essentially diseases characterized by abnormal myeloproliferation and they share similar genetic events on chromosome 7. As such, the abnormalities of increased myeloproliferation in childhood (AIMC) should be considered under the same heading. Constitutional and other genetic factors play an essential role in children and include the NF1 gene, whereas toxic exposure is of greater importance in adults. The most common cytogenetic alteration is that of monosomy or deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7. Critical regions have been identified and mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). It appears that the similar critical regions on chromosome 7 are involved, and suggests that these regions may contain genes important in the pathogenesis of AIMC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Age of Onset
- Apoptosis
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/ultrastructure
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Disease Progression
- Down Syndrome/complications
- Fanconi Anemia/complications
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Incidence
- Infant
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/classification
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Monosomy
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/classification
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Neurofibromatosis 1/complications
- Neutropenia/complications
- Neutropenia/congenital
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Cotter
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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10
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Bayar E, Robinson MG, Kurczynski TW. Unilateral retinoblastoma with acquired monosomy 7 and secondary acute myelomonocytic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 105:79-82. [PMID: 9689935 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with a nongenetic form of retinoblastoma are not particularly at high risk of developing second malignant neoplasms. We report here a case of treatment-related leukemia (secondary leukemia) with acquired monosomy 7, in a child with unilateral retinoblastoma.
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MESH Headings
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/therapy
- Monosomy/diagnosis
- Monosomy/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/therapy
- Retinal Neoplasms/genetics
- Retinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Retinal Neoplasms/therapy
- Retinoblastoma/genetics
- Retinoblastoma/pathology
- Retinoblastoma/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bayar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699, USA
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11
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Mielot F, Buisine J, Duchayne E, Fenneteau O, Goasguen J, Guitard AM, Maier-Redelsperger M, Malet M, Manel AM. Myelodysplastic syndromes in childhood: is the FAB classification relevant? Report of 81 children from a French multicentre study. French Group of Cellular Hematology. Leuk Lymphoma 1998; 28:531-40. [PMID: 9613983 DOI: 10.3109/10428199809058361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed the peripheral blood and bone marrow smears of 81 children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The morphological FAB classification was applicable in 59 children (72.8%): RAEB and RAEBt were the most frequent, 32 cases (39.5%). CMML was observed in 15 cases (18.5%) and in 25% of them, serological evidence for a recent EBV infection was demonstrated. In 22 cases (27.2%), the FAB classification was not convenient. In some of these children, dysmyelopoiesis was associated with constitutional disorders. Among these various inherited conditions, Down syndrome in which myelodysplasia is the expression of an abnormal clonal hematopoiesis, and mitochondrial cytopathies in which MDS is the hematological expression of a polyclonal multi-organ disease. The FAB classification does not appear to be satisfactory for all the disorders included in the group of childhood MDS and should be modified for specific use in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mielot
- Laboratories of Hematology: Hôpital Bicêtre, Toulouse, France
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12
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Abstract
An association between the complete or partial loss of chromosome 7 and preleukaemic myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukaemia has been recognized from the early days of tumour cytogenetic analysis. Detection of such abnormalities usually heralds a poor prognosis. The loss of DNA on chromosome 7 has led to speculation that tumour-suppressor genes may play a significant role in this form of leukaemogenesis, although it may be part of a multistep process. A further association with leukaemia secondary to carcinogen exposure including previous chemotherapy or a number of congenital anaemias has increased the interest in discovering the gene or genes on chromosome 7. Banded chromosome analysis has suggested that there are two broad critical regions on the long arm of chromosome 7 at bands 7q22 and 7q34-q36 that may contain the relevant genes. Initial molecular analysis has confirmed these two regions to be of significance. The advent of fluorescence in-situ hybridization techniques has facilitated some definition of the 7q22 region, with identification of candidate genes for further functional analysis. It is becoming clear that there will be more than one gene on chromosome 7 involved in the leukaemic process and with the definition of these genes it may be possible to look for associations with different phenotypes and prognosis. As for the reason for chromosome 7 showing a particular predisposition to total or partial loss we may speculate that the DNA sequence and structure may confer a 'fragility' on the chromosome. A greater understanding of the DNA structure of the long arm may provide real insight into the mechanisms of leukaemia. We would like to speculate in the long term that this could lead to the ability to screen for leukaemia susceptibility and avoidance of 'inducers' in those at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Johnson
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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13
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Cotter FE, Johnson E. Chromosome 7 and Haematological Malignancies. Hematology 1997; 2:359-72. [PMID: 27405402 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.1997.11746356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of chromosome 7 are the most common clonal chromosomal changes observed in myelodysplasia (MDS) and the second most frequent in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) [1-5]. These changes may consist of long arm deletion (7q-) or total loss of the whole chromosome (monosomy 7) from bone marrow cells [1, 4, 6-24] and was first reported in association with myeloid disease in 1964 with the report of 3 cases of refractory anaemia, granulocytic hyperplasia [25]. The association between chromosome 7 alterations, MDS and AML in children and adults is clear, however, a rare association with lymphoid malignancies has also been recently reported. The abnormalities may occur in de novo MDS/AML, secondary cases following exposure to drugs, radiotherapy and toxins and in addition in a range of constitutional disorders including Fanconi's anaemia, congenital neutropenia and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The broad spread of conditions in which this consistent genetic change can occur leads one to speculate that there is an underlying instability in chromosome 7 and that genes on this chromosome play a role in the development of malignancy. The loss of DNA associated with malignant progression suggests the presence of a tumour suppressor gene (or genes) [26, 27]. Patients with monosomy 7 usually present as classical MDS with abnormal erythroid, megakaryocyte and myeloid differentiation [7, 28]. From a mechanistic perspective, increased cell proliferation and apoptosis is a common feature possibly induced by the failure of normal haematopoietic maturation. In all groups the presence of chromosome 7 abnormalities defines a poor prognostic group [29]. The majority of patients with MDS transform to a form of acute leukaemia resistant to therapy, including bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Although fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has accelerated the study of these disorders at the cytogenetic and molecular levels, [4, 30, 31, 32, 33] no gene has been clearly implicated. A few candidate genes are under investigation. While the loss of chromsome 7 material is crutial in the malignant process it is almost certainly not the primary molecular abnormality. An initiating event genetic event predisposing to chromosome breakage and loss probably occurs in haematopoietic cells permitting chromosome 7 loss and progression to clonal malignancy as a secondary event.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Cotter
- a Molecular Haematology Unit , Institute of Child Health , 30 Guilford Street, London , WC1N 1EH
| | - E Johnson
- a Molecular Haematology Unit , Institute of Child Health , 30 Guilford Street, London , WC1N 1EH
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14
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Arif M, Tanaka K, Damodaran C, Asou H, Kyo T, Dohy H, Kamada N. Hidden monosomy 7 in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. Leuk Res 1996; 20:709-16. [PMID: 8947579 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(96)00018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fifty patients [25 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 25 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)], without monosomy 7 according to conventional cytogenetics, were re-examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Eleven (44.0%) patients with AML and nine (36.0%) with MDS showed hidden monosomy 7. Two samples who had both monosomy 7 and iso chromosome 17 were analyzed by dual color FISH to identify their clonal origin, and showed that these two abnormalities can occur together or independently. Only one of 16 MDS patients without monosomy 7 transformed into AML whereas four of eight MDS patients with the hidden monosomy 7 transformed into AML, suggesting patients with this abnormality are more likely to undergo transformation to AML.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/genetics
- Chromosome Banding
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Female
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Monosomy/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arif
- Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Hiroshima University, Japan
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15
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Savasan S, Zülfikar B, Ozgeneci A, Ozbek U, Sengün Z. Monosomy 7 myeloproliferative disease associated with neurofibromatosis type I: a case report. J Chemother 1996; 8:243-6. [PMID: 8808725 DOI: 10.1179/joc.1996.8.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A 7-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) was diagnosed to have monosomy 7 myeloproliferative disease (Mo 7-MPD). Of the benign and malignant tumors that are encountered with increased incidence in NF1, those originating from the neural crest are frequent. However, tumors that do not originate from the neural crest may also be seen and among these, myeloid leukemias are prominent. Studies on NF1 patients with Mo 7-MPD and juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia (JCML) have suggested the role of the NF1 gene in the leukemogenesis. The relationship between monosomy 7 and hematological malignancies is already known. These findings are in agreement with the multi-step development theory of cancer. In addition, our case is one of the very rare NF1 cases having father to daughter inheritance with a myeloid malignancy. We believe that cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies will contribute to further understanding of leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Savasan
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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16
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Shekhter-Levin S, Penchansky L, Wollman MR, Sherer ME, Wald N, Gollin SM. An abnormal clone with monosomy 7 and trisomy 21 in the bone marrow of a child with congenital agranulocytosis (Kostmann disease) treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Evolution towards myelodysplastic syndrome and acute basophilic leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1995; 84:99-104. [PMID: 8536230 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells revealed an abnormal clone with monosomy 7 and trisomy 21 in a 12-year-old child with Kostmann disease (KD). The patient presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly after 5 years of treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The bone marrow morphology was consistent with the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Administration of G-CSF was discontinued at this point. Bone marrow studies 2 and 5 months later showed persistence of both myelodysplasia and the abnormal clone with monosomy 7 and trisomy 21. Monosomy 7 was also confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). After 2 months of follow-up, the patient presented with acute basophilic leukemia, a very rare variant of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), expressing the same bone marrow chromosome abnormalities as observed earlier. This is a rare case of KD with prolonged survival and a cytogenetically abnormal clone evolving to MDS and acute basophilic leukemia. The significance of monosomy 7 and trisomy 21 in KD treated with G-CSF is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shekhter-Levin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Harrison KJ, Massing B, McKenna C, Kalousek DK. Molecular cytogenetic analysis of monosomy 7 in pediatric patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Am J Hematol 1995; 48:88-91. [PMID: 7847346 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830480204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Monosomy 7 is a non-random cytogenetic abnormality that is frequently associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Twenty-four bone marrow samples from five pediatric patients with MDS were analysed using both traditional and interphase cytogenetic analysis. The majority of the metaphases were monosomic for chromosome 7 while interphase cytogenetic analysis consistently detected a disomic cell population in nondividing cell populations. This suggests that the monosomy 7 cells have a distinct proliferative advantage compared to the disomic cell population. The results demonstrate that interphase cytogenetic analysis provides important cytogenetic information about non-dividing cell subpopulations, enhancing our understanding of the cell dynamics of normal and monosomy 7 cells in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Harrison
- Department of Cytogenetics, Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 37-1994. A newborn boy with petechiae, hepatosplenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. N Engl J Med 1994; 331:1005-12. [PMID: 7521936 DOI: 10.1056/nejm9410133311508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Gibbons B, Lillington DM, Monard S, Young BD, Cheung KL, Lister TA, Kearney L. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation studies to characterise complete and partial monosomy 7 in myeloid disorders. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1994; 10:244-9. [PMID: 7522537 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight patients with myeloid disorders characterised by a karyotype including apparent monosomy or partial monosomy 7, in the presence of a ring or marker chromosome, were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with a chromosome 7 centromere-specific probe and an Alu-PCR derived chromosome 7 paint. In 4 of 5 cases a ring chromosome was shown to be of chromosome 7 origin; in one of these the apparent ring was shown to consist solely of chromosome 7 centromeric material, and in the fifth case the ring was derived from chromosome 18. In three cases monosomy 7 had arisen during the course of karyotype evolution and was clearly not the primary cytogenetic abnormality. One further case demonstrated fragmentation and cryptic translocation of chromosome 7 material. In the last case a chromosome described as der(l)t(1;7)(p11;p11) was redefined as dic(1;7)(p11;q11). The application of FISH has enabled a more accurate characterisation of chromosome abnormalities, and extended studies of this type may eventually lead to more precise prognostic groups defined by karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gibbons
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
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20
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Kanabar DJ, Betts DR, Gibbons B, Kingston JE, Eden OB. Monosomy 7, diabetes insipidus and acute myeloid leukemia in childhood. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1994; 11:111-4. [PMID: 8155493 DOI: 10.3109/08880019409141908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The triad of diabetes insipidus (DI), monosomy 7, and acute myeloid leukemia in a 7-year-old boy is described. This triad has been described in adults but not in children. The DI ran a transient, self-limiting course and required no specific therapy. The pathogenesis of DI remains unknown, and its transient nature may result in this component of the triad going unnoticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Kanabar
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, England
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21
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Stanley WS, Devine GC, Murphy BA, Seibel N, Dinndorf P. Longitudinal cytogenetic study of metaphase and interphase cells in childhood monosomy 7 syndrome. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1992; 62:160-5. [PMID: 1394103 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A 15-year-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) characterized by monosomy 7 was cytogenetically evaluated by metaphase karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of interphase cells at six different points during the course of his disease. At diagnosis, there was complete agreement between metaphase and interphase findings. Interphase analysis alone provided important cytogenetic information on the first specimens received following intensive combination chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation where metaphase analyses were uninformative. The detection of a minor post-treatment monosomy 7 population by interphase but not metaphase studies may have identified minimal residual disease prior to recurrence of MDS. From this longitudinal study, it is concluded that metaphase and interphase cytogenetic analyses form complementary approaches and that use of both provides greater analytical power when appropriate chromosome markers are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Stanley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20010
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Hann
- Haematology and Oncology Department, Hospitals for Sick Children, London
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23
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24
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Katz F, Webb D, Gibbons B, Reeves B, McMahon C, Chessells J, Mitchell C. Possible evidence for genomic imprinting in childhood acute myeloblastic leukaemia associated with monosomy for chromosome 7. Br J Haematol 1992; 80:332-6. [PMID: 1581212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1992.tb08141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Monosomy or deletion of chromosome 7 is a frequent finding in both de novo and secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Based on analysis of deletions of chromosome 7 in such patients, it has been suggested that there is a critical region of the chromosome lying within bands q21-q31. We have examined bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with MDS, AML and biphenotypic acute leukaemia who had monosomy for or rearrangement of chromosome 7, seeking evidence of non-random allele loss that might suggest the presence of imprinted genes on the chromosome. Bone marrow cells from one patient with the infant monosomy 7 syndrome had loss of maternal alleles as did two patients with biphenotypic leukaemia. Five out of five patients with MDS and both patients with de novo AML had loss of paternal alleles. One of the latter patients had a del(7) (q31q36) rather than monosomy 7. These findings suggest that imprinting of a gene(s) on chromosome 7, within the bands q31-q36, may be of importance in MDS and AML. Despite the reported increased incidence of AML amongst relatives of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) the gene for which lies in chromosome region 7q31, none of the patients nor parents studied here appeared to be carriers of the most common gene mutation seen in patients with CF, the delta F508.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Katz
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Institute of Child Health, London
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25
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Lewis ME, Solh H, Poon A, Dubé ID. Secondary acute non-lymphocytic leukemia with monosomy 7 arising 9 years after acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1991; 55:85-8. [PMID: 1913612 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(91)90239-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of pediatric acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with monosomy 7 occurring in a child successfully treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) nine years earlier. Acquired monosomy 7 is currently recognized as a distinct therapy-related cytogenetic abnormality which nonrandomly occurs as a late complication of cytotoxic therapy used in the treatment of both malignant and nonmalignant disease. Most commonly, this occurs as a disorder of bone marrow morphology and function characterized as a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or ANLL. This case report emphasizes the need for continued evaluation of long-term survivors of childhood cancer to identify and minimize therapy-related side effects without compromising successful management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Bunin N, Nowell PC, Belasco J, Shah N, Willoughby M, Farber PA, Lange B. Chromosome 7 abnormalities in children with Down syndrome and preleukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1991; 54:119-26. [PMID: 1829646 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(91)90039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Three children, two boys and one girl, with Down syndrome (DS) who presented with preleukemia and loss of all or part of chromosome 7 were studied. Initial presentation, with cytopenias and less than 25% blasts in the bone marrow, was between 13 and 30 months of age. Progression to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia occurred 1-8 months after initial presentation. The morphologic type was megakaryoblastic in two, and undifferentiated in one. Two children achieved remission with intensive therapy, and one continues in remission off therapy; the other child died in remission of accidental causes. The third child died of respiratory distress and leukemia after no intervention was chosen. These cases represent the first examples of chromosome 7 abnormalities associated with DS and leukemia, and suggest differences from the "monosomy 7" syndrome seen in children without DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bunin
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104
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28
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Barrios NJ, Kirkpatrick DV, Levin ML, Varela M. Transient expression of trisomy 21 and monosomy 7 following cyclosporin A in a patient with aplastic anemia. Leuk Res 1991; 15:531-3. [PMID: 1861536 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(91)90065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a patient with severe idiopathic aplastic anemia with no previous chromosomal abnormalities who developed trisomy 21 and monosomy 7 during treatment with intravenous (i.v.) cyclosporine. The abnormal karyotype disappeared when the drug was changed to the oral form. This cytogenetic aberration, previously unreported in association with cyclosporine, may reflect either a direct drug effect or the emergence of a hidden myelodysplastic cell clone subject to preferential survival during immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Barrios
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA 70112
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29
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Gilchrist DM, Friedman JM, Rogers PC, Creighton SP. Myelodysplasia and leukemia syndrome with monosomy 7: a genetic perspective. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1990; 35:437-41. [PMID: 2309795 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320350323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acquired monosomy 7 is a frequent finding in myelodysplastic syndromes, including acute myelogenous leukemia. A subset of these patients has been described with an apparently distinct condition: myelodysplasia and leukemia syndrome with monosomy 7 (MLSM7). We report 2 brothers, 3 and 5 years of age, with MLSM7 and review other reports of familial occurrence. Genetic factors appear to be important in the cause of MLSM7, but the reported families do not fit neatly into any monogenic pattern. Recognition of the frequently familial nature of this condition requires hematological evaluation and genetic counseling for the families of patients with MLSM7.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Gilchrist
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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30
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Daghistani D, Toledano SR, Curless R. Monosomy 7 syndrome. Clinical heterogeneity in children and adolescents. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1990; 44:263-9. [PMID: 2297685 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(90)90055-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow monosomy 7 is the most frequent karyotypic abnormality found in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders. To a review of 46 previously reported pediatric patients we add three additional cases. Clinical presentation is usually dependent upon which cell lines are most perturbed in this pluripotent stem cell disorder. Sixteen (35%) children presented by their first birthday and 35 (76%) by their sixth birthday. Distinctive differences in presentation exist between infants, children, and adolescents. Younger patients were more symptomatic and had greater degree of hepatosplenomegaly and leukocytosis. The prognosis is very poor and death usually occurs within two years from complications attributable to cytopenias, cellular dysfunction, or transformation to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Implications for therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Daghistani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital
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Fenaux P, Preudhomme C, Hélène Estienne M, Morel P, Laï JL, Gardin C, Jouet JP, Bauters F. de novo myelodysplastic syndromes in adults aged 50 or less. A report on 37 cases. Leuk Res 1990; 14:1053-9. [PMID: 2280603 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(90)90119-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report on 37 adults aged 50 years or less with de novo myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (excluding cases secondary to chemo or radiotherapy), who represented 6.7% of our total cases of adult MDS. Median age was 42 (range 18-50). At diagnosis, there were 9 RA, 6 RAEB, 13 RAEB-T, 9 CMML but no RARS. Five patients had a familial history of MDS, and 3 a history of occupational exposure to potential carcinogens. Twenty-one patients received intensive chemotherapy (at diagnosis or during the evolution) but only 8 (38%) achieved complete remission (CR), and median CR duration was 10 months. Five patients were allografted (3 of them as first line therapy): 2 remained disease free after 12 and 10 months, and 3 died of transplant related complications. Median actuarial survival of the 37 patients was 21 months. Significantly shorter survival was seen in patients who had circulating blasts, Bournemouth score greater than 1 or 2, abnormal karyotype (especially monosomy 7) and RAEB or CMML. When compared with our MDS aged more than 50, our MDS aged 50 or less were characterized by more familial cases, more cases of RAEB-T and less cases of RAEB and RARS, more frequent abnormal karyotype and monosomy 7, more frequent progression to AML, identical overall survival but longer survival in RAEB-T and shorter survival in CMML. MDS in younger adults seem relatively often familiar or associated to occupational exposure. They have a poor prognosis with conventional therapeutic approaches and therefore require allografting, whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fenaux
- Service des Maladies du Sang, C.H.U.-1, Lille, France
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chessells
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, London
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