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Akkoç T. Epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbial dysbiosis: exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for Crohn's disease. Tissue Barriers 2024:2390705. [PMID: 39185541 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2390705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, is becoming more widespread worldwide. Crohn's disease is caused by gut microbiota changes, genetics, environmental stresses, and immunological responses. Current treatments attempt to achieve long-term remission and avoid complications, delaying disease progression. Immunosuppressive measures and combination medicines should be started early for high-risk patients. These medicines monitor inflammatory indicators and adjust as needed. The epithelial barrier helps defend against physical, chemical, and immunological threats. When tissues' protective barrier breaks down, the microbiome may reach the layer underneath. Unbalanced microbial populations and inflammation impair healing and adjustment. Inflammatory cells infiltrating sensitive tissues aggravate the damage and inflammation. This approach promotes chronic inflammatory diseases. The epithelial barrier hypothesis states that hereditary and environmental variables cause epithelial tissue inflammation. This review focuses on how epithelial barrier break-down and microbial dysbiosis cause Crohn's disease and current advances in understanding the epithelial barrier, immune system, and microbiome. Additionally, investigate treatments that restore barrier integrity and promote microbial balance. Overall, it stresses the role of epithelial barrier failure and microbial dysbiosis in Crohn's disease development and discusses current advances in understanding the barrier, immunological responses, and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunç Akkoç
- Department of Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Türkiye
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Kong C, Yang M, Yue N, Zhang Y, Tian C, Wei D, Shi R, Yao J, Wang L, Li D. Restore Intestinal Barrier Integrity: An Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5389-5413. [PMID: 39161679 PMCID: PMC11330754 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s470520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier maintained by various types of columnar epithelial cells, plays a crucial role in regulating the interactions between the intestinal contents (such as the intestinal microbiota), the immune system, and other components. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa is a significant pathophysiological mechanism and clinical manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, current therapies for IBD primarily focus on suppressing inflammation, and no disease-modifying treatments specifically target the epithelial barrier. Given the side effects associated with chronic immunotherapy, effective alternative therapies that promote mucosal healing are highly attractive. In this review, we examined the function of intestinal epithelial barrier function and the mechanisms of behind its disruption in IBD. We illustrated the complex process of intestinal mucosal healing and proposed therapeutic approaches to promote mucosal healing strategies in IBD. These included the application of stem cell transplantation and organ-like tissue engineering approaches to generate new intestinal tissue. Finally, we discussed potential strategies to restore the function of the intestinal barrier as a treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengmei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daoru Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyue Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defeng Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Moret-Tatay I, Nos P, Iborra M, Rausell F, Beltrán B. Catalase inhibition can modulate the ability of peripheral blood T cells to undergo apoptosis in Crohn's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 217:45-56. [PMID: 38247555 PMCID: PMC11188543 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder in which defective apoptosis of mucosal T cells is postulated to produce sustained inflammation and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Whether CD T cells are intrinsically resistant to apoptosis or whether this resistance is acquired at the intestinal site needs to be clarified, as the cellular mechanisms modulate the impaired apoptosis in these cells. Here, we analysed peripheral blood T cells from patients naïve to specific CD treatment at the onset and from healthy controls. Non-activated freshly purified lymphocytes were cultured and submitted to in vitro protocols for activation (CD3/CD28 antibodies) and apoptosis (Fas antibody). Cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Caspases (3, 8, and 9) and catalase activity were measured; protein levels of bax, Bcl-2, and NF-kB were detected by western blotting, and cytokines by Luminex-based assays. The results showed that CD4 T cells from CD patients are less prone to apoptosis before they can migrate to the intestinal mucosa. Caspase-9, FasR, sIL-2Rα, IL-17A, IFNγ, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were shown to be significantly different in CD but not for the rest of the analysed biological elements. Catalase activity was significantly reduced in CD T cells, which was confirmed in ex vivo experiments in which catalase inhibition in T cells from healthy controls triggered apoptosis inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, apoptosis inhibition of CD T cells is a feature of these cells before they can migrate to the intestinal mucosa. Noteworthy, the impaired apoptosis of T cells can be directly influenced by catalase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moret-Tatay
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- General Directorate of Public Health, Council of Healthcare, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas [CIBEREHD]), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Nos
- Biomedical Research Centre, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas [CIBEREHD]), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Unit, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisa Iborra
- Biomedical Research Centre, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas [CIBEREHD]), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Unit, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Rausell
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute, Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Beltrán
- Biomedical Research Centre, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas [CIBEREHD]), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Unit, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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Kumar A, Vaiphei KK, Singh N, Datta Chigurupati SP, Paliwal SR, Paliwal R, Gulbake A. Nanomedicine for colon-targeted drug delivery: strategies focusing on inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1347-1368. [PMID: 39105753 PMCID: PMC11318742 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2350356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The nanostructured drug-delivery systems for colon-targeted drug delivery are a promising field of research for localized diseases particularly influencing the colonic region, in other words, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and colorectal cancer. There are various drug-delivery approaches designed for effective colonic disease treatment, including stimulus-based formulations (enzyme-triggered systems, pH-sensitive systems) and magnetically driven drug-delivery systems. In addition, targeted drug delivery by means of overexpressed receptors also offers site specificity and reduces drug resistance. It also covers GI tract-triggered emulsifying systems, nontoxic plant-derived nanoformulations as advanced drug-delivery techniques as well as nanotechnology-based clinical trials toward colonic diseases. This review gives insight into advancements in colon-targeted drug delivery to meet site specificity or targeted drug-delivery requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankaj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Klaudi K Vaiphei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Naveen Singh
- Nanomedicine & Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Sri Pada Datta Chigurupati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
| | - Shivani Rai Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidhyalaya (A Central University), Koni Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, 495009, India
| | - Rishi Paliwal
- Nanomedicine & Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Arvind Gulbake
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Guwahati, Assam, 781101, India
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Rošić Despalatović B, Babić M, Bratanić A, Tonkić A, Ardalić Ž, Vilović K. The Impact of Phenotype of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Inflammation Activity and Therapy on Mucosal Mature Cd83 + Dendritic Cell. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2070. [PMID: 38610835 PMCID: PMC11012704 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are well-defined phenotypes of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). A mechanism of inflammation in these diseases is partially controlled by the intestinal dendritic cell (DC). In this study, we observed a mature CD83+ DC in colonic bioptic samples, and its correlation with disease phenotype and activity. Methods: The study included 219 subjects: 100 with UC, 44 with CD and 75 healthy subjects. Colonic biopsy specimens were incubated with the primary antibody Anti-CD83. Intraepithelial CD83+ DCs were counted per 100 enterocytes. The presence of CD83+ DC was analysed according to the type of IBD, histopathologic inflammation activity and treatment outcome. Results: The presence of mature CD83+ DCs (0, ≥1) differed according to disease types of IBD (p = 0.001), histologic inflammation activity (p = 0.049) and applied therapy (p = 0.001). The odds for CD83+ DC presence were 5.2 times higher in the CD group than in the control/UC group. The odds for CD83+ DC presence were 2.6 times higher in subjects without inflammation or chronic inflammation than with acute inflammation. They were also 3.7 times higher in subjects without therapy. The cut-off value 0.5 CD83+ DC (Rock analysis area = 0.699; SE 0.046; p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.609-0.788) had been assessed as a differentiation marker between UC and CD. Conclusion: Presence of CD83+ DC could be used as a possible parameter in distinction between UC and CD, as well as a predictor of inflammation activity and treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Babić
- Medical School, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Andre Bratanić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.T.); (Ž.A.)
| | - Ante Tonkić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.T.); (Ž.A.)
| | - Žarko Ardalić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.T.); (Ž.A.)
| | - Katarina Vilović
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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Collins CB, Nguyen TT, Leddy RS, Alula KM, Yeckes AR, Strassheim D, Aherne CM, Luck ME, Karoor V, Jedlicka P, Pierce A, de Zoeten EF. Heat shock factor 1 drives regulatory T-cell induction to limit murine intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:94-110. [PMID: 37944754 PMCID: PMC10953693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock response is a critical component of the inflammatory cascade that prevents misfolding of new proteins and regulates immune responses. Activation of clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells causes an upregulation of heat shock transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). We hypothesized that HSF1 promotes a pro-regulatory phenotype during inflammation. To validate this hypothesis, we interrogated cell-specific HSF1 knockout mice and HSF1 transgenic mice using in vitro and in vivo techniques. We determined that while HSF1 expression was induced by anti-CD3 stimulation alone, the combination of anti-CD3 and transforming growth factor β, a vital cytokine for regulatory T cell (Treg) development, resulted in increased activating phosphorylation of HSF1, leading to increased nuclear translocation and binding to heat shock response elements. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we demonstrate the direct binding of HSF1 to foxp3 in isolated murine CD4+ T cells, which in turn coincided with induction of FoxP3 expression. We defined that conditional knockout of HSF1 decreased development and function of Tregs and overexpression of HSF1 led to increased expression of FoxP3 along with enhanced Treg suppressive function. Adoptive transfer of CD45RBHigh CD4 colitogenic T cells along with HSF1 transgenic CD25+ Tregs prevented intestinal inflammation when wild-type Tregs did not. Finally, overexpression of HSF1 provided enhanced barrier function and protection from murine ileitis. This study demonstrates that HSF1 promotes Treg development and function and may represent both a crucial step in the development of induced regulatory T cells and an exciting target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a regulatory T-cell component. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The heat shock response (HSR) is a canonical stress response triggered by a multitude of stressors, including inflammation. Evidence supports the role of the HSR in regulating inflammation, yet there is a paucity of data on its influence in T cells specifically. Gut homeostasis reflects a balance between regulatory clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells and pro-inflammatory T-helper (Th)17 cells. We show that upon activation within T cells, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) translocates to the nucleus, and stimulates Treg-specific gene expression. HSF1 deficiency hinders Treg development and function and conversely, HSF1 overexpression enhances Treg development and function. While this work, focuses on HSF1 as a novel therapeutic target for intestinal inflammation, the findings have significance for a broad range of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm B Collins
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom T Nguyen
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert S Leddy
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kibrom M Alula
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alyson R Yeckes
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carol M Aherne
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marisa E Luck
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Edwin F de Zoeten
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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7
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Kwon SJ, Khan MS, Kim SG. Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration-Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1311. [PMID: 38279309 PMCID: PMC10816399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a disease of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract due to disturbance of the inflammation and immune system. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, reduced weight, and fatigue. In IBD, the immune system attacks the intestinal tract's inner wall, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In particular, interlukin-6 and interlukin-17 act on immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, to amplify the immune responses so that tissue damage and morphological changes occur. Of note, excessive calorie intake and obesity also affect the immune system due to inflammation caused by lipotoxicity and changes in lipids supply. Similarly, individuals with IBD have alterations in liver function after sustained high-fat diet feeding. In addition, excess dietary fat intake, along with alterations in primary and secondary bile acids in the colon, can affect the onset and progression of IBD because inflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance; the factors include the release of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and changes in intestinal microflora, which may also contribute to disease progression. However, interfering with de novo fatty acid synthase by deleting the enzyme acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) leads to the deficiency of epithelial crypt structures and tissue regeneration, which seems to be due to Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell function. Thus, conflicting reports exist regarding high-fat diet effects on IBD animal models. This review will focus on the pathological basis of the link between dietary lipids intake and IBD and will cover the currently available pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang Geon Kim
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.J.K.); (M.S.K.)
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8
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Dong QQ, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi Y, Yang KD, Xu XL, Chen W. Exploring β-glucan as a micro-nano system for oral delivery targeted the colon. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127360. [PMID: 37827417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of oral colon-specific delivery systems (OCDDS) is important for delivering active agents to the colon and rectum specifically via the oral route. The use of micro/nanostructured OCDDS further improves drug stability, bioavailability, and retention time, leading to enhanced therapeutic effects. However, designing micro/nanoscale OCDDSs is challenging due to pH changes, enzymatic degradation, and systemic absorption and metabolism. Biodegradable natural polysaccharides are a promising solution to these problems, and β-glucan is one of the most promising natural polysaccharides due to its unique structural features, conformational flexibility, and specific processing properties. This review covers the diverse chemical structures of β-glucan, its benefits (biocompatibility, easy modification, and colon-specific degradation), and various β-glucan-based micro/nanosized OCDDSs, as well as their drawbacks. The potential of β-glucan offers exciting new opportunities for colon-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Dong
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Shi
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ke-Da Yang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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Fadlallah S, Bitar ER, Hussein H, Jallad MA, Matar GM, Rahal EA. The interplay between Epstein-Barr virus DNA and gut microbiota in the development of arthritis in a mouse model. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0204223. [PMID: 37615438 PMCID: PMC10581075 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02042-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA may influence the development of autoimmune diseases by increasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Such cytokines have been associated with inducing the dysbiosis of colonic microbiota, which, in turn, is a risk factor for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, we investigated the role that EBV DNA may play in modulating the intestinal microbiota and consequent exacerbation of arthritis in a mouse model. Mice were treated with collagen (arthritis-inducing agent), EBV DNA and collagen, EBV DNA, or water. Fecal samples were collected from arthritic and control mice, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine the effect of EBV DNA on the composition of colonic microbiota. EBV DNA causes a change in the alpha diversity of the microbiota resulting in an increased Chao1 microbial richness and decreased Shannon diversity index in the RA mouse model. In addition, the abundance of particular genera/genus clusters was significantly altered among the various groups, with the EBV DNA-exacerbated arthritic group having the highest number of altered genera/genus cluster abundances. This group also had the highest number of cells co-expressing IL-17A, FOXP3, and IFNγ in the colons. Antimicrobial-cleared mice transplanted with fecal samples from EBV DNA-exacerbated arthritic mice showed a higher incidence and enhanced severity of RA compared to those transplanted with fecal samples from water or collagen-treated mice. IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA alters the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mouse model. These induced changes are associated with enhanced severity of symptoms. This better understanding of the various factors involved in the development of RA will possibly help in creating individualized treatments for RA patients including target mediators triggered by viral DNA. Given that a large swathe of the population harbors EBV, a significant proportion of subjects with arthritis may benefit from possible approaches that target EBV or mediators triggered by this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukayna Fadlallah
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elio R. Bitar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hadi Hussein
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mary-Ann Jallad
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan M. Matar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elias A. Rahal
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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10
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Jongsma MME, Costes LMM, Tindemans I, Cozijnsen MA, Raatgreep R(HC, van Pieterson M, Li Y, Escher JC, de Ridder L, Samsom JN. Serum Immune Profiling in Paediatric Crohn's Disease Demonstrates Stronger Immune Modulation With First-Line Infliximab Than Conventional Therapy and Pre-Treatment Profiles Predict Clinical Response to Both Treatments. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1262-1277. [PMID: 36934327 PMCID: PMC10441564 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its efficacy, rational guidance for starting/stopping first-line biologic treatment in individual paediatric Crohn's disease [CD] patients is needed. We assessed how serum immune profiles before and after first-line infliximab [FL-IFX] or conventional [CONV] induction therapy associate with disease remission at week 52. METHODS Pre- [n = 86], and 10-14-week post-treatment [n = 84] sera were collected from patients with moderate-to-severe paediatric CD in the TISKids trial, randomized to FL-IFX [n = 48; five 5-mg/kg infusions over 22 weeks] or CONV [n = 43; exclusive enteral nutrition or oral prednisolone]; both groups received azathioprine maintenance. The relative concentrations of 92 inflammatory proteins were determined with Olink Proteomics; fold changes [FC] with |log2FC| > 0.5 after false discovery rate adjustment were considered significant. RESULTS FL-IFX modulated a larger number of inflammatory proteins and induced stronger suppression than CONV; 18/30 proteins modulated by FL-IFX were not regulated by CONV. Hierarchical clustering based on IFX-modulated proteins at baseline revealed two clusters of patients: CD-hi patients had significantly higher concentrations of 23/30 IFX-modulated proteins [including oncostatin-M, TNFSF14, HGF and TGF-α], and higher clinical disease activity, C-reactive protein and blood neutrophils at baseline than CD-lo patients. Only 24% of CD-hi FL-IFX-treated patients maintained remission without escalation at week 52 vs 58% of CD-lo FL-IFX-treated patients. Similarly, 6% of CD-hi CONV-treated patients achieved remission vs 20% of CONV-treated CD-lo patients. Clustering based on immune profiles post-induction therapy did not relate to remission at week 52. CONCLUSION FL-IFX leads to stronger reductions and modulates more immune proteins than CONV. Stratification on pre-treatment profiles of IFX-modulated proteins directly relates to maintenance of remission without treatment escalation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02517684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M E Jongsma
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lea M M Costes
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irma Tindemans
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martinus A Cozijnsen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolien (H) C Raatgreep
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel van Pieterson
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yunlei Li
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center/Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna C Escher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lissy de Ridder
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Eshleman EM, Shao TY, Woo V, Rice T, Engleman L, Didriksen BJ, Whitt J, Haslam DB, Way SS, Alenghat T. Intestinal epithelial HDAC3 and MHC class II coordinate microbiota-specific immunity. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162190. [PMID: 36602872 PMCID: PMC9927950 DOI: 10.1172/jci162190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant immune responses to resident microbes promote inflammatory bowel disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions. However, how microbiota-specific immunity is controlled in mucosal tissues remains poorly understood. Here, we found that mice lacking epithelial expression of microbiota-sensitive histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) exhibited increased accumulation of commensal-specific CD4+ T cells in the intestine, provoking the hypothesis that epithelial HDAC3 may instruct local microbiota-specific immunity. Consistent with this, microbiota-specific CD4+ T cells and epithelial HDAC3 expression were concurrently induced following early-life microbiota colonization. Further, epithelium-intrinsic ablation of HDAC3 decreased commensal-specific Tregs, increased commensal-specific Th17 cells, and promoted T cell-driven colitis. Mechanistically, HDAC3 was essential for NF-κB-dependent regulation of epithelial MHC class II (MHCII). Epithelium-intrinsic MHCII dampened local accumulation of commensal-specific Th17 cells in adult mice and protected against microbiota-triggered inflammation. Remarkably, HDAC3 enabled the microbiota to induce MHCII expression on epithelial cells and limit the number of commensal-specific T cells in the intestine. Collectively, these data reveal a central role for an epithelial histone deacetylase in directing the dynamic balance of tissue-intrinsic CD4+ T cell subsets that recognize commensal microbes and control inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tzu-Yu Shao
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
- Division of Infectious Disease, and
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | - Taylor Rice
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | - Laura Engleman
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | - Bailey J. Didriksen
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jordan Whitt
- Division of Immunobiology
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
| | | | - Sing Sing Way
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance
- Division of Infectious Disease, and
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12
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Saha A, Dreyfuss I, Sarfraz H, Friedman M, Markowitz J. Dietary Considerations for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are Useful for Treatment of Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:84. [PMID: 36612082 PMCID: PMC9817715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint molecules are cell surface receptors on immune cells that mitigate excessive immune responses, but they have increased expression levels in cancer to facilitate immune escape. Checkpoint blockade therapies (e.g., anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4, and anti-LAG-3 therapy, among others) have been developed for multiple cancers. Colitis associated with checkpoint blockade therapy has pathophysiological similarities to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Current therapeutic guidelines for checkpoint blockade-induced colitis include corticosteroids and, if the patient is refractory to steroids, immunomodulating antibodies, such as anti-TNF and anti-integrin agents. Interestingly, immunomodulatory molecules, such as TNFα, are upregulated in both IBD and checkpoint-mediated colitis. The inflammatory colitis toxicity symptoms from checkpoint blockade are similar to clinical symptoms experienced by patients with IBD. The pathophysiologic, dietary, and genetic factors associated with IBD will be reviewed. We will then explain how the principles developed for the treatment of IBD can be applied to patients experiencing inflammatory bowel toxicity secondary to checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Saha
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Isabella Dreyfuss
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Humaira Sarfraz
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mark Friedman
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Joseph Markowitz
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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13
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Wang J, Macoritto M, Guay H, Davis JW, Levesque MC, Cao X. The Clinical Response of Upadacitinib and Risankizumab Is Associated With Reduced Inflammatory Bowel Disease Anti-TNF-α Inadequate Response Mechanisms. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 29:771-782. [PMID: 36515243 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Janus kinase (JAK) 1 inhibitor upadacitinib and IL-23 inhibitor risankizumab are efficacious in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients who are antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF)-α inadequate responders (TNF-IRs). We aimed to understand the mechanisms mediating the response of upadacitinib and risankizumab. METHODS Eight tissue transcriptomic data sets from IBD patients treated with anti-TNF-α therapies along with single-cell RNAseq data from ulcerative colitis were integrated to identify TNF-IR mechanisms. The RNAseq colon tissue data from clinical studies of TNF-IR Crohn's disease patients treated with upadacitinib or risankizumab were used to identify TNF-IR mechanisms that were favorably modified by upadacitinib and risankizumab. RESULTS We found 7 TNF-IR upregulated modules related to innate/adaptive immune responses, interferon signaling, and tissue remodeling and 6 TNF-IR upregulated cell types related to inflammatory fibroblasts, postcapillary venules, inflammatory monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and cycling B cells. Upadacitinib was associated with a significant decrease in the expression of most TNF-IR upregulated modules in JAK1 responders (JAK1-R); in contrast, there was no change in these modules among TNF-IR patients treated with a placebo or among JAK1 inadequate responders (JAK1-IR). In addition, 4 of the 6 TNF-IR upregulated cell types were significantly decreased after upadacitinib treatment in JAK1-R but not among subjects treated with a placebo or among JAK1-IR patients. We observed similar findings from colon biopsy samples from TNF-IR patients treated with risankizumab. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest that upadacitinib and risankizumab affect TNF-IR upregulated mechanisms, which may account for their clinical response among TNF-IR IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Genomic Research Center, AbbVie Inc, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Heath Guay
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Justin W Davis
- Genomic Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | | | - Xiaohong Cao
- Genomic Research Center, AbbVie Inc, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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14
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Xu R, Weber MC, Hu X, Neumann PA, Kamaly N. Annexin A1 based inflammation resolving mediators and nanomedicines for inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Semin Immunol 2022; 61-64:101664. [PMID: 36306664 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are chronic, progressive, and relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), characterised by intestinal epithelial injury and inflammation. Current research shows that in addition to traditional anti-inflammatory therapy, resolution of inflammation and repair of the epithelial barrier are key biological requirements in combating IBD. Resolution mediators include endogenous lipids that are generated during inflammation, e.g., lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins; and proteins such as Annexin A1 (ANXA1). Nanoparticles can specifically deliver these potent inflammation resolving mediators in a spatiotemporal manner to IBD lesions, effectively resolve inflammation, and promote a return to homoeostasis with minimal collateral damage. We discuss these exciting and timely concepts in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxin Xu
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Christin Weber
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Surgery, Germany
| | - Xinkai Hu
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp-Alexander Neumann
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Surgery, Germany.
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, United Kingdom.
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15
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Buttimer C, Sutton T, Colom J, Murray E, Bettio PH, Smith L, Bolocan AS, Shkoporov A, Oka A, Liu B, Herzog JW, Sartor RB, Draper LA, Ross RP, Hill C. Impact of a phage cocktail targeting Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis as members of a gut bacterial consortium in vitro and in vivo. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:936083. [PMID: 35935217 PMCID: PMC9355613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.936083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis have been implicated as important players in human gut health that have been associated with the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has been used for decades to target pathogens as an alternative to antibiotics, but the ability of phage to shape complex bacterial consortia in the lower gastrointestinal tract is not clearly understood. We administered a cocktail of six phages (either viable or heat-inactivated) targeting pro-inflammatory Escherichia coli LF82 and Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF as members of a defined community in both a continuous fermenter and a murine colitis model. The two target strains were members of a six species simplified human microbiome consortium (SIHUMI-6). In a 72-h continuous fermentation, the phage cocktail caused a 1.1 and 1.5 log (log10 genome copies/mL) reduction in E. faecalis and E. coli numbers, respectively. This interaction was accompanied by changes in the numbers of other SIHUMI-6 members, with an increase of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (1.7 log) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (1.8 log). However, in germ-free mice colonized by the same bacterial consortium, the same phage cocktail administered twice a week over nine weeks did not cause a significant reduction of the target strains. Mice treated with active or inactive phage had similar levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-y/IL12p40) in unstimulated colorectal colonic strip cultures. However, histology scores of the murine lower GIT (cecum and distal colon) were lower in the viable phage-treated mice, suggesting that the phage cocktail did influence the functionality of the SIHUMI-6 consortium. For this study, we conclude that the observed potential of phages to reduce host populations in in vitro models did not translate to a similar outcome in an in vivo setting, with this effect likely brought about by the reduction of phage numbers during transit of the mouse GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Buttimer
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom Sutton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joan Colom
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ellen Murray
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Pedro H. Bettio
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Linda Smith
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Akihiko Oka
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Bo Liu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jeremy W. Herzog
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - R. Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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16
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Hill JE, Peña-Sánchez JN, Fernando C, Freitas AC, Withana Gamage N, Fowler S. Composition and Stability of the Vaginal Microbiota of Pregnant Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:905-911. [PMID: 34919692 PMCID: PMC9165555 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is common in women of childbearing years, and active IBD during pregnancy is associated with increased rates of preterm delivery and low-birth-weight newborns. Changes in the vaginal microbiome have been associated with preterm delivery. We aimed to determine the taxonomic composition of the vaginal microbiota at 3 time points during pregnancy in a population of women with IBD. METHODS Participants were recruited from the patient registry of the Preconception and Pregnancy IBD Clinic at Royal University Hospital in Saskatoon, Canada. Self-collected vaginal swabs were obtained from patients at each trimester. Microbiota profiles were created by cpn60 amplicon sequencing. RESULTS We characterized the vaginal microbiota of 32 pregnant participants with IBD (33 pregnancies) during each trimester. A total of 32 of 33 pregnancies resulted in a live birth with 43.8% (n = 14 of 32, 2 missing) by caesarean section; 2 of 32 were preterm. Microbiota compositions corresponded to previously described community state types, with most participants having microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus. In 25 of 29 participants in which samples were available for more than 1 time point, there was no change in the community state type over time. Prevalence of Mollicutes (Mycoplasma and/or Ureaplasma) was significantly higher in pregnant participants with IBD than in a previously profiled cohort of 172 pregnant women without IBD who delivered at term. CONCLUSIONS The vaginal microbiome of participants with IBD was stable throughout pregnancy. Prevalence of Mollicutes, which has been associated with preterm delivery, warrants further study in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Hill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Juan-Nicolás Peña-Sánchez
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Champika Fernando
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aline C Freitas
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Niradha Withana Gamage
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Grain Research Laboratory, Canadian Grain Commission, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sharyle Fowler
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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17
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Phytochemicals targeting Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) in inflammatory bowel disease. Chin Med 2022; 17:53. [PMID: 35484567 PMCID: PMC9047385 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for inflammatory diseases including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Inhibition of TLR4 has been recognized as an effective target for the treatment of IBD. Many phytochemicals have been shown to have potential as new drugs for the treatment of IBD. This review surveyed the available literature and reports which focused on the in vivo effects of phytochemicals targeting TLR4 in different models of IBD, and clarified the significance of TLR4 as a current therapeutic target for IBD. Based on our review, we have concluded that phytochemicals targeting TLR4 are potentially effective candidates for developing new therapeutic drugs against IBD.
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18
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Garabatos N, Santamaria P. Gut Microbial Antigenic Mimicry in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873607. [PMID: 35572569 PMCID: PMC9094498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a major role in the developmental biology and homeostasis of cells belonging to the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Alterations in its composition, which are known to be regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, can either promote or suppress the pathogenic processes underlying the development of various autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, to just name a few. Cross-recognition of gut microbial antigens by autoreactive T cells as well as gut microbe-driven alterations in the activation and homeostasis of effector and regulatory T cells have been implicated in this process. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the positive and negative associations between alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and the development of various autoimmune disorders, with a special emphasis on antigenic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahir Garabatos
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC), Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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19
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Boodhoo N, Shojadoost B, Alizadeh M, Kulkarni RR, Sharif S. Ex Vivo Differential Responsiveness to Clostridium perfringens and Lactococcus lactis by Avian Small Intestine Macrophages and T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807343. [PMID: 35222386 PMCID: PMC8863843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident immune system cells in the chicken intestine play a significant role in the protection against pathogens. However, very little is known about these cells. The current study was conducted to further characterize chicken intestinal immune system cells. Furthermore, this study aimed to assess the immune modulatory action of a highly virulent Clostridium perfringens, a commonly found chicken intestinal microbe, in comparison with a non-commensal, Lactococcus lactis, on intestine-derived immune system cells. The results demonstrated varying distribution of innate and adaptive immune cells along the avian gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecal tonsils. In addition, steady-state and tissue-specific presence of CD25+ cells among αβ and γδ T-cell subsets was assessed along the intestine. Ex vivo stimulation with C. perfringens or L. lactis resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of CD25+ T cells (γδ and αβ T cells). In addition, significantly more cell death was observed in ex vivo stimulation with C. perfringens, which was indirectly correlated with a decrease in macrophage activation based on nitric oxide (NO) production with no effect on lymphoid cell responsiveness as per intracellular interferon (IFN)-gamma (γ) staining. Ex vivo stimulation with L. lactis activated γδ T cells and αβ T cells, based on intracellular IFN-γ staining, while it had limited effect on macrophages. However, the ability of γδ and αβ T cells to produce IFN-γ and the ability of macrophages production of NO was rescued in the presence of L. lactis. These results demonstrate the potential application of L. lactis, as a probiotic, against virulent C. perfringens infection in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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20
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Liu Y, Huang W, Zhu Y, Zhao T, Xiao F, Wang Y, Lu B. Acteoside, the Main Bioactive Compound in Osmanthus fragrans Flowers, Palliates Experimental Colitis in Mice by Regulating the Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1148-1162. [PMID: 35073073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Osmanthus fragrans flowers and acteoside on murine colitis and the underlying mechanisms. The O. fragrans flower extract (OFE) and acteoside were administrated to chemically induced colitic mice. The results showed that OFE or acteoside ameliorates intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in colitic mice. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiome in colitic mice was also partly restored by OFE or acteoside, which was characterized by the alteration of the gut microbiome structure and the enrichment of beneficial bacteria (Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced gut metabolome dysfunctions (e.g., sphingosine metabolism and amino acids metabolism) in colitic mice were also partly restored by OFE and acteoside. A fecal microbiota (FM) transplantation study suggested that, compared with the FM from the normal diet-dosed donor mice, the FM from the OFE- or acteoside-dosed donor mice significantly suppressed colitic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Department of Applied Technology, Zhejiang Institute of Economics & Trade, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuhang Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
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Gut microbiome dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 192:179-204. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Ceballos D, Hernández-Camba A, Ramos L. Diet and microbiome in the beginning of the sequence of gut inflammation. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:11122-11147. [PMID: 35071544 PMCID: PMC8717522 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i36.11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract due, at least partially, to an aberrant and excessive mucosal immune response to gut bacteria in genetically-predisposed individuals under certain environmental factors. The incidence of IBD is rising in western and newly industrialized countries, paralleling the increase of westernized dietary patterns, through new antigens, epithelial function and permeability, epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation), and alteration of the gut microbiome. Alteration in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiome (including bacteria, viruses and fungi) seems to be a nuclear pathogenic factor. The microbiome itself is dynamic, and the changes in food quality, dietary habits, living conditions and hygiene of these western societies, could interact in a complex manner as modulators of dysbiosis, thereby influencing the activation of immune cells' promoting inflammation. The microbiome produces diverse small molecules via several metabolic ways, with the fiber-derived short-chain fatty acids (i.e., butyrate) as main elements and having anti-inflammatory effects. These metabolites and some micronutrients of the diet (i.e., vitamins, folic acid, beta carotene and trace elements) are regulators of innate and adaptive intestinal immune homeostasis. An excessive and unhealthy consumption of sugar, animal fat and a low-vegetable and -fiber diet are risk factors for IBD appearance. Furthermore, metabolism of nutrients in intestinal epithelium and in gut microbiota is altered by inflammation, changing the demand for nutrients needed for homeostasis. This role of food and a reduced gut microbial diversity in causing IBD might also have a prophylactic or therapeutic role for IBD. The relationship between dietary intake, symptoms, and bowel inflammation could lead to dietary and lifestyle recommendations, including diets with abundant fruits, vegetables, olive oil and oily fish, which have anti-inflammatory effects and could prevent dysbiosis and IBD. Dietary modulation and appropriate exclusion diets might be a new complementary management for treatment at disease flares and in refractory patients, even reducing complications, hospitalizations and surgery, through modifying the luminal intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ceballos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas 35019, Canarias, Spain
| | - A Hernández-Camba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de La Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38010, Canarias, Spain
| | - Laura Ramos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna 38320, Canarias, Spain
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23
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Fu Y, Liu S, Li M, Ren F, Wang Y, Chang Z. IL-17RD/sef exacerbates experimental mouse colitis and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis by regulating the proportion of T cell subsets. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:427-436. [PMID: 34939667 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T helper cells, especially Th1 and Th17 cells, were reported to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the underlying factors regulating T cell functions in IBD progression remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we revealed that IL-17RD/Sef exacerbates DSS-induced colitis by regulating the balance of T cell subsets and their secretion of associated cytokines. We also observed that IL-17RD/Sef promotes colitis-associated tumorigenesis and negatively correlates with survival in both mouse and colorectal cancer patients. Our results suggested that IL-17RD/Sef functions as a regulator of T cell subsets to promote the inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of IBD and colitis-associated colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sihan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fangli Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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24
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Kociszewska D, Chan J, Thorne PR, Vlajkovic SM. The Link between Gut Dysbiosis Caused by a High-Fat Diet and Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13177. [PMID: 34947974 PMCID: PMC8708400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a conceptual and theoretical overview of the association between gut dysbiosis and hearing loss. Hearing loss is a global health issue; the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that 2.5 billion people will be living with some degree of hearing loss by 2050. The aetiology of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is complex and multifactorial, arising from congenital and acquired causes. Recent evidence suggests that impaired gut health may also be a risk factor for SNHL. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 2 diabetes, diet-induced obesity (DIO), and high-fat diet (HFD) all show links to hearing loss. Previous studies have shown that a HFD can result in microangiopathy, impaired insulin signalling, and oxidative stress in the inner ear. A HFD can also induce pathological shifts in gut microbiota and affect intestinal barrier (IB) integrity, leading to a leaky gut. A leaky gut can result in chronic systemic inflammation, which may affect extraintestinal organs. Here, we postulate that changes in gut microbiota resulting from a chronic HFD and DIO may cause a systemic inflammatory response that can compromise the permeability of the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) in the inner ear, thus inducing cochlear inflammation and hearing deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Srdjan M. Vlajkovic
- Department of Physiology and The Eisdell Moore Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (D.K.); (J.C.); (P.R.T.)
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25
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Nashiry MA, Sumi SS, Sharif Shohan MU, Alyami SA, Azad AKM, Moni MA. Bioinformatics and system biology approaches to identify the diseasome and comorbidities complexities of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the digestive tract disorders. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbab126. [PMID: 33993223 PMCID: PMC8194728 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), although most commonly demonstrates respiratory symptoms, but there is a growing set of evidence reporting its correlation with the digestive tract and faeces. Interestingly, recent studies have shown the association of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with gastrointestinal symptoms in infected patients but any sign of respiratory issues. Moreover, some studies have also shown that the presence of live SARS-CoV-2 virus in the faeces of patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the pathophysiology of digestive symptoms associated with COVID-19 has raised a critical need for comprehensive investigative efforts. To address this issue we have developed a bioinformatics pipeline involving a system biological framework to identify the effects of SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA expression on deciphering its association with digestive symptoms in COVID-19 positive patients. Using two RNA-seq datasets derived from COVID-19 positive patients with celiac (CEL), Crohn's (CRO) and ulcerative colitis (ULC) as digestive disorders, we have found a significant overlap between the sets of differentially expressed genes from SARS-CoV-2 exposed tissue and digestive tract disordered tissues, reporting 7, 22 and 13 such overlapping genes, respectively. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis, comprehensive analyses of protein-protein interaction network, gene regulatory network, protein-chemical agent interaction network revealed some critical association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the presence of digestive disorders. The infectome, diseasome and comorbidity analyses also discover the influences of the identified signature genes in other risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection to human health. We hope the findings from this pathogenetic analysis may reveal important insights in deciphering the complex interplay between COVID-19 and digestive disorders and underpins its significance in therapeutic development strategy to combat against COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asif Nashiry
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Shauli Sarmin Sumi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | | | - Salem A Alyami
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - A K M Azad
- iThree Institute, Faculty of Science, University Technology of Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- WHO Collaborating Centre on eHealth, UNSW Digital Health, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Australia
- Healthy Ageing Theme, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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26
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Pinheiro-Rosa N, Torres L, Oliveira MDA, Andrade-Oliveira MF, Guimarães MADF, Coelho MM, Alves JDL, Maioli TU, Faria AMC. Oral tolerance as antigen-specific immunotherapy. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab017. [PMID: 35919733 PMCID: PMC9327124 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Oral tolerance is a physiological phenomenon described more than a century ago as a suppressive immune response to antigens that gain access to the body by the oral route. It is a robust and long-lasting event with local and systemic effects in which the generation of mucosally induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) plays an essential role. The idea of using oral tolerance to inhibit autoimmune and allergic diseases by oral administration of target antigens was an important development that was successfully tested in 1980s. Since then, several studies have shown that feeding specific antigens can be used to prevent and control chronic inflammatory diseases in both animal models and clinically. Therefore, oral tolerance can be classified as an antigen-specific form of oral immunotherapy (OIT). In the light of novel findings on mechanisms, sites of induction and factors affecting oral tolerance, this review will focus on specific characteristics of oral tolerance induction and how they impact in its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Pinheiro-Rosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lícia Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Almeida Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Felipe Andrade-Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Andrade de Freitas Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Monique Macedo Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Lima Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana M Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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27
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Martínez-López LM, Perez-Gonzalez A, Washington EA, Woodward AP, Roth-Schulze AJ, Dandrieux JRS, Johnstone T, Prakash N, Jex A, Mansfield C. Hierarchical modelling of immunoglobulin coated bacteria in dogs with chronic enteropathy shows reduction in coating with disease remission but marked inter-individual and treatment-response variability. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255012. [PMID: 34411114 PMCID: PMC8376084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic enteropathies are a common problem in dogs, but many aspects of the pathogenesis remain unknown, making the therapeutic approach challenging in some cases. Environmental factors are intimately related to the development and perpetuation of gastrointestinal disease and the gut microbiome has been identified as a contributing factor. Previous studies have identified dysbiosis and reduced bacterial diversity in the gastrointestinal microbiota of dogs with chronic enteropathies. In this case-controlled study, we use flow cytometry and 16S rRNA sequencing to characterise bacteria highly coated with IgA or IgG in faecal samples from dogs with chronic enteropathy and evaluated their correlation with disease and resolution of the clinical signs. IgA and IgG-coated faecal bacterial counts were significantly higher during active disease compared to healthy dogs and decreased with the resolution of the clinical signs. Characterisation of taxa-specific coating of the intestinal microbiota with IgA and IgG showed marked variation between dogs and disease states, and different patterns of immunoglobulin enrichment were observed in dogs with chronic enteropathy, particularly for Erysipelotrichaceae, Clostridicaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae and Bacteroidaceae, families. Although, members of these bacterial groups have been associated with strong immunogenic properties and could potentially constitute important biomarkers of disease, their significance and role need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina María Martínez-López
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexis Perez-Gonzalez
- Melbourne Cytometry Platform, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew P. Woodward
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julien R. S. Dandrieux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thurid Johnstone
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathalee Prakash
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron Jex
- Veterinary Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline Mansfield
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Saez A, Gomez-Bris R, Herrero-Fernandez B, Mingorance C, Rius C, Gonzalez-Granado JM. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Intestinal Homeostasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147618. [PMID: 34299236 PMCID: PMC8307624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous state of chronic intestinal inflammation of unknown cause encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD has been linked to genetic and environmental factors, microbiota dysbiosis, exacerbated innate and adaptive immunity and epithelial intestinal barrier dysfunction. IBD is classically associated with gut accumulation of proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells accompanied by insufficient Treg numbers and Tr1 immune suppression. Inflammatory T cells guide innate cells to perpetuate a constant hypersensitivity to microbial antigens, tissue injury and chronic intestinal inflammation. Recent studies of intestinal mucosal homeostasis and IBD suggest involvement of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). These lymphoid-origin cells are innate counterparts of T cells but lack the antigen receptors expressed on B and T cells. ILCs play important roles in the first line of antimicrobial defense and contribute to organ development, tissue protection and regeneration, and mucosal homeostasis by maintaining the balance between antipathogen immunity and commensal tolerance. Intestinal homeostasis requires strict regulation of the quantity and activity of local ILC subpopulations. Recent studies demonstrated that changes to ILCs during IBD contribute to disease development. A better understanding of ILC behavior in gastrointestinal homeostasis and inflammation will provide valuable insights into new approaches to IBD treatment. This review summarizes recent research into ILCs in intestinal homeostasis and the latest advances in the understanding of the role of ILCs in IBD, with particular emphasis on the interaction between microbiota and ILC populations and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Saez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Gomez-Bris
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Mingorance
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Rius
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM), Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Gonzalez-Granado
- LamImSys Lab, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (R.G.-B.); (B.H.-F.); (C.M.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-913908766
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29
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Tavakoli P, Vollmer-Conna U, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Grimm MC. A Review of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Model of Microbial, Immune and Neuropsychological Integration. Public Health Rev 2021; 42:1603990. [PMID: 34692176 PMCID: PMC8386758 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1603990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract with uncertain etiology. IBDs comprise two idiopathic disorders: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aetiology, severity and progression of such disorders are still poorly understood but thought to be influenced by multiple factors (including genetic, environmental, immunological, physiological, psychological factors and gut microbiome) and their interactions. The overarching aim of this review is to evaluate the extent and nature of the interrelationship between these factors with the disease course. A broader conceptual and longitudinal framework of possible neuro-visceral integration, core microbiome analysis and immune modulation assessment may be useful in accurately documenting and characterizing the nature and temporal continuity of crosstalk between these factors and the role of their interaction (s) in IBD disease activity. Characterization of these interactions holds the promise of identifying novel diagnostic, interventions, and therapeutic strategies. Material and Methods: A search of published literature was conducted by exploring PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Medline Plus, CDSR library databases. Following search terms relating to key question were set for the search included: "Inflammatory bowel diseases," "gut microbiota," "psychological distress and IBD," "autonomic reactivity and IBD," "immune modulation," "chronic inflammation," "gut inflammation," "enteric nervous system," "gut nervous system," "Crohn's disease," "Ulcerative colitis", "depression and IBD", "anxiety and IBD", "quality of life in IBD patients," "relapse in IBDs," "remission in IBDs," "IBD disease activity," "brain-gut-axis," "microbial signature in IBD," "validated questionnaires in IBD," "IBD activity indices," "IBD aetiology," "IBDs and stress," "epidemiology of IBDs", "autonomic nervous system and gut inflammation", "IBD and environment," "genetics of IBDs," "pathways of immune response in IBDs," "sleep disturbances in IBD," "hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)," "sympatho-adrenal axis," "CNS and its control of gut function" "mucosal immune response," "commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the gut," "innate and adaptive immunity." Studies evaluating any possible associations between gut microbiome, psychological state, immune modulation, and autonomic function with IBDs were identified. Commonly cited published literatures with high quality research methodology/results and additional articles from bibliographies of recovered papers were examined and included where relevant. Results: Although there is a substantial literature identifying major contributing factors with IBD, there has been little attempt to integrate some factors over time and assess their interplay and relationship with IBD disease activity. Such contributing factors include genetic and environmental factors, gut microbiota composition and function, physiological factors, psychological state and gut immune response. Interdependences are evident across psychological and biological factors and IBD disease activity. Although from the available evidence, it is implausible that a single explanatory model could elucidate the interplay between such factors and the disease course as well as the sequence of the effect during the pathophysiology of IBD. Conclusion: Longitudinal monitoring of IBD patients and integrating data related to the contributing/risk factors including psychological state, physiological conditions, inflammatory/immune modulations, and microbiome composition/function, could help to explain how major factors associate and interrelate leading to exacerbation of symptoms and disease activity. Identifying the temporal trajectory of biological and psychosocial disturbances may also help to assess their effects and interdependence on individuals' disease status. Moreover, this allows greater insight into understanding the temporal progressions of subclinical events as potential ground for disease severity in IBD. Furthermore, understanding the interaction between these risk factors may help better interventions in controlling the disease, reducing the costs related to disease management, further implications for clinical practice and research approaches in addition to improving patients' mental health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Tavakoli
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - U. Vollmer-Conna
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - D. Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. C. Grimm
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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30
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Penrose HM, Iftikhar R, Collins ME, Toraih E, Ruiz E, Ungerleider N, Nakhoul H, Flemington EF, Kandil E, Shah SB, Savkovic SD. Ulcerative colitis immune cell landscapes and differentially expressed gene signatures determine novel regulators and predict clinical response to biologic therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9010. [PMID: 33907256 PMCID: PMC8079702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous pathobiology underlying Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is not fully understood. Using publicly available transcriptomes from adult UC patients, we identified the immune cell landscape, molecular pathways, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across patient cohorts and their association with treatment outcomes. The global immune cell landscape of UC tissue included increased neutrophils, T CD4 memory activated cells, active dendritic cells (DC), and M0 macrophages, as well as reduced trends in T CD8, Tregs, B memory, resting DC, and M2 macrophages. Pathway analysis of DEGs across UC cohorts demonstrated activated bacterial, inflammatory, growth, and cellular signaling. We identified a specific transcriptional signature of one hundred DEGs (UC100) that distinctly separated UC inflamed from uninflamed transcriptomes. Several UC100 DEGs, with unidentified roles in UC, were validated in primary tissue. Additionally, non-responders to anti-TNFα and anti-α4β7 therapy displayed distinct profiles of immune cells and pathways pertaining to inflammation, growth, and metabolism. We identified twenty resistant DEGs in UC non-responders to both therapies of which four had significant predictive power to treatment outcome. We demonstrated the global immune landscape and pathways in UC tissue, highlighting a unique UC signature across cohorts and a UC resistant signature with predictive performance to biologic therapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Penrose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Rida Iftikhar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Morgan E Collins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Eman Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Ruiz
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Nathan Ungerleider
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hani Nakhoul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Erik F Flemington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Shamita B Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, 70121, USA
| | - Suzana D Savkovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-79, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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31
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Son YJ, Shin JM, Ha IJ, Erdenebileg S, Jung DS, Kim YS, Kim SM, Nho CW. Identification of Chemical Compounds from Artemisia gmelinii using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and their Regulatory Effects on Immune Responses in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:941-963. [PMID: 33827384 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. (AG), a popular medicinal herb in Asia, has been used as a common food ingredient in Korea and is traditionally known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether AG relieves IBD, a classic chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. We identified 35 chemical compounds in AG ethanol extract using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. In mice with DSS-induced IBD, AG administration attenuated the disease activity index and the serum and colonic levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. AG treatment decreased nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B (NF-[Formula: see text]B) signaling, a key mediator of inflammation, in the mouse colons. Additionally, AG extract enhanced immune responses in lymphoid tissues such as spleen and Peyer's patches. Thus, AG consumption potently ameliorated IBD symptoms and improved immune signaling in lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ju Son
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea
| | - Ji Min Shin
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Seoul 02454, Korea
| | - Saruul Erdenebileg
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Da Seul Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.,Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25457, Korea
| | - Young Sik Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Min Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25451, Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
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Caspi M, Wittenstein A, Kazelnik M, Shor-Nareznoy Y, Rosin-Arbesfeld R. Therapeutic targeting of the oncogenic Wnt signaling pathway for treating colorectal cancer and other colonic disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 169:118-136. [PMID: 33346022 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt pathway is one of the key cellular signaling cascades that regulates, via the transcriptional co-activator β-catenin, numerous embryogenic developmental processes, as well as tissue homeostasis. It is therefore not surprising that misregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been implicated in carcinogenesis. Aberrant Wnt signaling has been reported in a variety of malignancies, and its role in both hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), has been the subject of intensive study. Interestingly, the vast majority of colorectal tumors harbor mutations in the tumor suppressor gene adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). The Wnt pathway is complex, and despite decades of research, the mechanisms that underlie its functions are not completely known. Thus, although the Wnt cascade is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention against CRC, one of the malignancies with the highest morbidity and mortality rates, achieving efficacy and safety is yet extremely challenging. Here, we review the current knowledge of the Wnt different epistatic signaling components and the mechanism/s by which the signal is transduced in both health and disease, focusing on CRC. We address some of the important questions in the field and describe various therapeutic strategies designed to combat unregulated Wnt signaling, the development of targeted therapy approaches and the emerging challenges that are associated with these advanced methods.
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33
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Niccolai E, Russo E, Baldi S, Ricci F, Nannini G, Pedone M, Stingo FC, Taddei A, Ringressi MN, Bechi P, Mengoni A, Fani R, Bacci G, Fagorzi C, Chiellini C, Prisco D, Ramazzotti M, Amedei A. Significant and Conflicting Correlation of IL-9 With Prevotella and Bacteroides in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 11:573158. [PMID: 33488574 PMCID: PMC7820867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.573158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Gut microbiota (GM) can support colorectal cancer (CRC) progression by modulating immune responses through the production of both immunostimulatory and/or immunosuppressive cytokines. The role of IL-9 is paradigmatic because it can either promote tumor progression in hematological malignancies or inhibit tumorigenesis in solid cancers. Therefore, we investigate the microbiota–immunity axis in healthy and tumor mucosa, focusing on the correlation between cytokine profile and GM signature. Methods In this observational study, we collected tumor (CRC) and healthy (CRC-S) mucosa samples from 45 CRC patients, who were undergoing surgery in 2018 at the Careggi University Hospital (Florence, Italy). First, we characterized the tissue infiltrating lymphocyte subset profile and the GM composition. Subsequently, we evaluated the CRC and CRC-S molecular inflammatory response and correlated this profile with GM composition, using Dirichlet multinomial regression. Results CRC samples displayed higher percentages of Th17, Th2, and Tregs. Moreover, CRC tissues showed significantly higher levels of MIP-1α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IP-10, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, P-selectin, and IL-9. Compared to CRC-S, CRC samples also showed significantly higher levels of the following genera: Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacterium, Ruminococcus2, and Ruminococcus. Finally, the abundance of Prevotella spp. in CRC samples negatively correlated with IL-17A and positively with IL-9. On the contrary, Bacteroides spp. presence negatively correlated with IL-9. Conclusions Our data consolidate antitumor immunity impairment and the presence of a distinct microbiota profile in the tumor microenvironment compared with the healthy mucosa counterpart. Relating the CRC cytokine profile with GM composition, we confirm the presence of bidirectional crosstalk between the immune response and the host’s commensal microorganisms. Indeed, we document, for the first time, that Prevotella spp. and Bacteroides spp. are, respectively, positively and negatively correlated with IL-9, whose role in CRC development is still under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Niccolai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedone
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti", Florence, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bechi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bacci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Fagorzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence, Italy
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Manicassamy S, Prasad PD, Swafford D. Mouse Models of Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2224:133-146. [PMID: 33606212 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1008-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis are two main clinically defined forms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Chronic intestinal inflammation is inextricably linked to colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis (CAC). Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) have an increased risk of colon cancer. Our understanding of IBD and IBD-associated colon carcinogenesis depends largely on rodent models. AOM-DSS-induced colitis-associated colon cancer in mice is the most widely used and accepted model that can recapitulate the human IBD-associated colon cancer. Here, we have provided detailed protocols of this mouse model of experimentally induced chronic intestinal inflammation-associated colon cancer. We will also discuss the protocols for the isolation and analysis of inflammatory immune cells from the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhakumar Manicassamy
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Puttur D Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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35
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Caruso R, Lo BC, Núñez G. Host-microbiota interactions in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:411-426. [PMID: 32005980 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have co-evolved with the host in a symbiotic relationship. The presence of large numbers of symbionts near the epithelial surface of the intestine poses an enormous challenge to the host because it must avoid the activation of harmful inflammatory responses to the microorganisms while preserving its ability to mount robust immune responses to invading pathogens. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, there is a breakdown of the multiple strategies that the immune system has evolved to promote the separation between symbiotic microorganisms and the intestinal epithelium and the effective killing of penetrant microorganisms, while suppressing the activation of inappropriate T cell responses to resident microorganisms. Understanding the complex interactions between intestinal microorganisms and the host may provide crucial insight into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease as well as new avenues to prevent and treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Caruso
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bernard C Lo
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, the University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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36
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Liu Y, Luo L, Luo Y, Zhang J, Wang X, Sun K, Zeng L. Prebiotic Properties of Green and Dark Tea Contribute to Protective Effects in Chemical-Induced Colitis in Mice: A Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6368-6380. [PMID: 32419454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Green and dark tea extract (GTE/DTE) ameliorate chemical-induced colitis in mice; however, the role of gut microbiota in the anticolitis effects of green and dark tea in mice remains unclear. This study aims to explore the role of modulations in gut microbes mediated by green and dark tea in colitis mice by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Our results indicated that GTE and DTE (5 mg/kg bodyweight/day for 4 weeks) exhibited prebiotic effects on the donor mice. Moreover, the FMT treatments (transferring the microbiota daily from the 1 g/kg bodyweight fecal sample to each recipient) indicated that, compared with the fecal microbiota from the normal diet-treated donor mice, the fecal microbiota from the GTE- and DTE-treated donor mice significantly ameliorate colitis-related symptoms (e.g., loss of bodyweight, colonic inflammation, loss of barrier integrity, and gut microbiota dysbiosis) and downregulated the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Collectively, GTE and DTE ameliorate chemical-induced colitis by modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Tea Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yakun Luo
- Tea Research Institute of Puer, Puer, Yunnan 665000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Tea Research Institute of Puer, Puer, Yunnan 665000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Tea Research Institute of Puer, Puer, Yunnan 665000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Sun
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Tea Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
- Tea Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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37
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Relationship between T cells and microbiota in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:95-129. [PMID: 32475529 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, the fields of microbiology and immunology have largely advanced by using germ-free animals and next-generation sequencing. Many studies revealed the relationship among gut microbiota, activation of immune system, and various diseases. Especially, some gut commensals can generate their antigen-specific T cells. It is becoming clear that commensal bacteria have important roles in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as autism, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Recently, it was reported that commensals contribute to the cancer immune therapy. However, how commensal-specific T cells contribute to the disease development and cancer treatment are not fully understood yet. In this chapter, we will summarize the decade history of the studies associated with commensal-induced T cells and commensal-causing diseases.
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38
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Frame LA, Costa E, Jackson SA. Current explorations of nutrition and the gut microbiome: a comprehensive evaluation of the review literature. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:798-812. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
The ability to measure the gut microbiome led to a surge in understanding and knowledge of its role in health and disease. The diet is a source of fuel for and influencer of composition of the microbiome.
Objective
To assess the understanding of the interactions between nutrition and the gut microbiome in healthy adults.
Data Sources
PubMed and Google Scholar searches were conducted in March and August 2018 and were limited to the following: English, 2010–2018, healthy adults, and reviews.
Data Extraction
A total of 86 articles were independently screened for duplicates and relevance, based on preidentified inclusion criteria.
Data Analysis
Research has focused on dietary fiber – microbiota fuel. The benefits of fiber center on short-chain fatty acids, which are required by colonocytes, improve absorption, and reduce intestinal transit time. Contrastingly, protein promotes microbial protein metabolism and potentially harmful by-products that can stagnate in the gut. The microbiota utilize and produce micronutrients; the bidirectional relationship between micronutrition and the gut microbiome is emerging.
Conclusions
Nutrition has profound effects on microbial composition, in turn affecting wide-ranging metabolic, hormonal, and neurological processes. There is no consensus on what defines a “healthy” gut microbiome. Future research must consider individual responses to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Frame
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, USA
| | - Elise Costa
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, USA
| | - Scott A Jackson
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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39
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Advances in colon-targeted nano-drug delivery systems: challenges and solutions. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:153-169. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Angus HCK, Butt AG, Schultz M, Kemp RA. Intestinal Organoids as a Tool for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:334. [PMID: 32010704 PMCID: PMC6978713 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are difficult to model as freshly acquired tissues are short-lived, provide data as a snapshot in time, and are not always accessible. Many patients with IBD are non-responders to first-line treatments, and responders are prone to developing resistance to treatment over time—resulting in reduced patient quality of life, increased time to remission, and potential relapse. IBD is heterogenous and we are yet to fully understand the mechanisms of disease; thus, our ability to diagnose and prescribe optimal treatment remains ineffective. Intestinal organoids are derived from patient tissues expanded in vitro. Organoids offer unique insight into individual patient disease and are a potential route to personalized treatments. However, organoid models do not contain functional microbial and immune cell components. In this review, we discuss immune cell subsets in the context of IBD, and the requirement of immune cell and microbial components in organoid models for IBD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish C K Angus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A Grant Butt
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Schultz
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Roslyn A Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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41
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Pool L, Rivollier A, Agace WW. Deletion of IRF4 in Dendritic Cells Leads to Delayed Onset of T Cell-Dependent Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1047-1055. [PMID: 31900340 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical dendritic cells (cDC) can be classified into two major subsets: Irf8-dependent cDC1 and Irf4-expressing cDC2. Although these subsets play distinct roles in intestinal immune homeostasis, their functions in T cell-driven colitis remain unknown. To assess the role of IRF4 expression in cDC2 in T cell-driven colitis, CD11c-Cre.Irf4 fl/fl and Irf4 fl/fl mice were backcrossed onto a Rag-1 -/- background and used as recipients of CD45RBhiCD4+ T cells. Colitis score and innate immune cell influx were reduced in Cre+ mice 4 wk posttransfer, and these changes were associated with reduced CD4+ T cell counts in both the mesenteric lymph nodes and colon. By 7 wk, colitis score and colon CD4+ T cell numbers were similar in Cre+ and Cre- mice despite a selective reduction in Th17 cells in the colon of Cre+ mice and a continued reduction in CD4+ T cell numbers in mesenteric lymph nodes. Cotransfer of CD25+CD45RBlo CD4+ T cells prevented CD45RBhiCD4+ T cell-driven colitis in both Cre+ and Cre- recipients, demonstrating that IRF4 expression by cDC is not required for CD4+ regulatory T cell-mediated control of colitis. Collectively these results suggest a role for IRF4 expression in cDC2 in the generation of colitogenic CD4+ T cells, which becomes redundant as colitis progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieneke Pool
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and
| | - Aymeric Rivollier
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and
| | - William W Agace
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and .,Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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42
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Tindemans I, Joosse ME, Samsom JN. Dissecting the Heterogeneity in T-Cell Mediated Inflammation in IBD. Cells 2020; 9:E110. [PMID: 31906479 PMCID: PMC7016883 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltration of the lamina propria by inflammatory CD4+ T-cell populations is a key characteristic of chronic intestinal inflammation. Memory-phenotype CD4+ T-cell frequencies are increased in inflamed intestinal tissue of IBD patients compared to tissue of healthy controls and are associated with disease flares and a more complicated disease course. Therefore, a tightly controlled balance between regulatory and inflammatory CD4+ T-cell populations is crucial to prevent uncontrolled CD4+ T-cell responses and subsequent intestinal tissue damage. While at steady state, T-cells display mainly a regulatory phenotype, increased in Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, and Th17.1 responses, and reduced Treg and Tr1 responses have all been suggested to play a role in IBD pathophysiology. However, it is highly unlikely that all these responses are altered in each individual patient. With the rapidly expanding plethora of therapeutic options to inhibit inflammatory T-cell responses and stimulate regulatory T-cell responses, a crucial need is emerging for a robust set of immunological assays to predict and monitor therapeutic success at an individual level. Consequently, it is crucial to differentiate dominant inflammatory and regulatory CD4+ T helper responses in patients and relate these to disease course and therapy response. In this review, we provide an overview of how intestinal CD4+ T-cell responses arise, discuss the main phenotypes of CD4+ T helper responses, and review how they are implicated in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janneke N. Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Mathee K, Cickovski T, Deoraj A, Stollstorff M, Narasimhan G. The gut microbiome and neuropsychiatric disorders: implications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:14-24. [PMID: 31821133 PMCID: PMC7440676 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) all relate to behavioural, cognitive and emotional disturbances that are ultimately rooted in disordered brain function. More specifically, these disorders are linked to various neuromodulators (i.e. serotonin and dopamine), as well as dysfunction in both cognitive and socio-affective brain networks. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut environment, and particularly the microbiome, plays a significant role in individual mental health. Although the presence of a gut-brain communication axis has long been established, recent studies argue that the development and regulation of this axis is dictated by the gut microbiome. Many studies involving both animals and humans have connected the gut microbiome with depression, anxiety and ASD. Microbiome-centred treatments for individuals with these same NPDs have yielded promising results. Despite its recent rise and underlying similarities to other NPDs, both biochemically and symptomatically, connections between the gut microbiome and ADHD currently lag behind those for other NPDs. We demonstrate that all evidence points to the importance of, and dire need for, a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the role of the gut microbiome in ADHD, to deepen our understanding of a condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Trevor Cickovski
- Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Alok Deoraj
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Melanie Stollstorff
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts, Science and Education, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Giri Narasimhan
- Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Florida, USA
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Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are on the rise worldwide. This review covers the current concepts of the etiology of Crohn´s disease and ulcerative colitis by focusing on an unbalanced interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the mucosal barrier. Understanding these issues is of paramount importance for the development of targeted therapies aiming at the disease cause.Area covered: Gut microbiota alterations and a dysfunctional intestinal mucosa are associated with IBD. Here we focus on specific defense structures of the mucosal barrier, namely antimicrobial peptides and the mucus layer, which keep the gut microbiota at a distance under healthy conditions and are defective in IBD.Expert commentary: The microbiology of both forms of IBD is different but characterized by a reduced bacterial diversity and richness. Abundance of certain bacterial species is altered, and the compositional changes are related to disease activity. In IBD the mucus layer above the epithelium is contaminated by bacteria and the immune reaction is dominated by the antibacterial response. Human genetics suggest that many of the basic deficiencies in the mucosal response, due to Paneth cell, defensin and mucus defects, are primary. Nutrition may also be important but so far there is no therapy targeting the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard F Stange
- Innere Medizin I, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern O Schroeder
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) -The Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, and Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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45
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Mousavi S, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Immunomodulatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Vitamin C. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2019; 9:73-79. [PMID: 31662885 PMCID: PMC6798581 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have lost their vitamin C-synthesizing capacities during evolution. Therefore, the uptake of this essential compound from external sources is mandatory in order to prevent vitamin C-deficient conditions resulting in severe morbidities such as scurvy. The potent antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiinfectious effects of vitamin C are known since the 1930s. We here (i) review the impact of vitamin C on innate and adaptive immune functions, (ii) provide an overview of its antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antifungal properties, and finally, (iii) discuss vitamin C as an adjunct treatment option for the combat of human infections by bacteria, particularly by emerging multidrug-resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Mousavi
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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The Role of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Outcomes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060628. [PMID: 31234447 PMCID: PMC6627060 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though historically regarded as an inert energy store, adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ, which is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accumulating evidence points to visceral adipose tissue and specifically to its mesenteric component, or “creeping fat” as impacting on the disease course through its immunomodulatory properties. On the one hand, mesenteric fat acts as a physical barrier to inflammation and is involved in controlling host immune response to translocation of gut bacteria. On the other hand, however, there exists a strong link between visceral fat and complicated course of the disease with unfavorable therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, “creeping fat” appears to play different roles in different IBD phenotypes, with the greatest pathogenetic contribution probably to an ileal form of Crohn’s disease. In this review, we summarize and discuss the existing literature on the subject and identify high-priority areas for future research. It may be that a better understanding of the role of mesenteric fat in IBD will determine new therapeutic targets and translate into improved clinical outcomes.
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Burrello C, Giuffrè MR, Macandog AD, Diaz-Basabe A, Cribiù FM, Lopez G, Borgo F, Nezi L, Caprioli F, Vecchi M, Facciotti F. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Controls Murine Chronic Intestinal Inflammation by Modulating Immune Cell Functions and Gut Microbiota Composition. Cells 2019; 8:E517. [PMID: 31142049 PMCID: PMC6628315 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), have been linked to alterations of the gut microbiota composition, namely dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered an encouraging therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis patients, mostly as a consequence of normobiosis restoration. We recently showed that therapeutic effects of FMT during acute experimental colitis are linked to functional modulation of the mucosal immune system and of the gut microbiota composition. Here we analysed the effects of therapeutic FMT administration during chronic experimental colitis, a condition more similar to that of IBD patients, on immune-mediated mucosal inflammatory pathways. Mucus and feces from normobiotic donors were orally administered to mice with established chronic Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Immunophenotypes and functions of infiltrating colonic immune cells were evaluated by cytofluorimetric analysis. Compositional differences in the intestinal microbiome were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Therapeutic FMT in mice undergoing chronic intestinal inflammation was capable to decrease colonic inflammation by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, antimicrobial peptides, and mucins. Innate and adaptive mucosal immune cells manifested a reduced pro-inflammatory profile in FMT-treated mice. Finally, restoration of a normobiotic core ecology contributed to the resolution of inflammation. Thus, FMT is capable of controlling chronic intestinal experimental colitis by inducing a concerted activation of anti-inflammatory immune pathways, mechanistically supporting the positive results of FMT treatment reported in ulcerative colitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Burrello
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.-B.); (F.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Maria Rita Giuffrè
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy; mariarita.giuffre’@ieo.it (M.R.G.); (F.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Angeli Dominique Macandog
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.-B.); (F.B.); (L.N.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Diaz-Basabe
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.-B.); (F.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Fulvia Milena Cribiù
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20135 Milan, Italy; (F.M.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20135 Milan, Italy; (F.M.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Francesca Borgo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.-B.); (F.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Luigi Nezi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.-B.); (F.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy; mariarita.giuffre’@ieo.it (M.R.G.); (F.C.); (M.V.)
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20135 Milan, Italy; mariarita.giuffre’@ieo.it (M.R.G.); (F.C.); (M.V.)
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20135 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (A.D.M.); (A.D.-B.); (F.B.); (L.N.)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of citation analysis to identify the first 100 papers in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) provides unique insights into advances in disease understanding and subsequent follow-up treatment innovations over time. METHODS The Thomson Reuters Web of Science database with the search terms "inflammatory bowel disease" or "Crohn disease" or "ulcerative colitis" or "colitis" was used to identify all English language full manuscripts for the study. Title, first and senior authors, institution and department of first author, journal, country of origin, year, and topic of each manuscript were analyzed. RESULTS The top 100 manuscripts were published between 1955 and 2013. 224,809 eligible papers were returned and the median (range) citation number was 1028.5 (719-3957). The country and year with the greatest number of publications were the USA (n = 47), and 2007 (n = 11). Gastroenterology published the highest number of papers (n = 18, 21,083 citations) and The New England Journal of Medicine had the most citations (n = 13, 25,035 citations). CONCLUSIONS This highly cited list of papers identifies the subjects and authors who have had the greatest impact on IBD research in the last decades, which serves as a reference for researchers and clinicians "highly citable" manuscripts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun Yang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery
| | | | - Ka Li
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Burrello C, Garavaglia F, Cribiù FM, Ercoli G, Lopez G, Troisi J, Colucci A, Guglietta S, Carloni S, Guglielmetti S, Taverniti V, Nizzoli G, Bosari S, Caprioli F, Rescigno M, Facciotti F. Therapeutic faecal microbiota transplantation controls intestinal inflammation through IL10 secretion by immune cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5184. [PMID: 30518790 PMCID: PMC6281577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the gut microbiota has been associated with different gastrointestinal disorders. Normobiosis restoration by faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered a promising therapeutic approach, even if the mechanisms underlying its efficacy are at present largely unknown. Here we sought to elucidate the functional effects of therapeutic FMT administration during experimental colitis on innate and adaptive immune responses in the intestinal mucosa. We show that therapeutic FMT reduces colonic inflammation and initiates the restoration of intestinal homeostasis through the simultaneous activation of different immune-mediated pathways, ultimately leading to IL-10 production by innate and adaptive immune cells, including CD4+ T cells, iNKT cells and Antigen Presenting Cells (APC), and reduces the ability of dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages to present MHCII-dependent bacterial antigens to colonic T cells. These results demonstrate the capability of FMT to therapeutically control intestinal experimental colitis and poses FMT as a valuable therapeutic option in immune-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Burrello
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F. Sforza 28, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Federica Garavaglia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Fulvia Milena Cribiù
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan, 20135, Italy
| | - Giulia Ercoli
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan, 20135, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan, 20135, Italy
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081, SA, Italy.,Theoreo srl, Spin-off company of the University of Salerno, Via degli Ulivi 3, 84090, Montecorvino Pugliano, SA, Italy.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Via S. de Renzi, 3, 84125, Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Angelo Colucci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081, SA, Italy.,Theoreo srl, Spin-off company of the University of Salerno, Via degli Ulivi 3, 84090, Montecorvino Pugliano, SA, Italy
| | - Silvia Guglietta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Sara Carloni
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Microbiota, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, via Celoria 2, Italy
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, via Celoria 2, Italy
| | - Giulia Nizzoli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan, 20135, Italy
| | - Silvano Bosari
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan, 20135, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, Milan, 20135, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, via F. Sforza 28, Milan, 20135, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology and Microbiota, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, 20089, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy.
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Jia K, Tong X, Wang R, Song X. The clinical effects of probiotics for inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13792. [PMID: 30572537 PMCID: PMC6319782 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the exact pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not known, there is increasing evidence of clinical trials and animal models that indicate the beneficial effects of probiotics. METHODS Multiple databases were adopted to search for the relevant studies involving the comparison between probiotics and control groups. Review Manager 5.0 was used to assess the efficacy among included articles. Risk of bias for the articles included was also conducted. RESULTS Finally, 10 studies eventually met the inclusion criteria and 1049 patients were included. The meta-analyses showed that no significant differences of remission, relapse, and complication rate between Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and mesalazine groups (RR = 0.94, 95%CI [0.86, 1.03], P = .21; RR = 1.04, 95%CI [0.82, 1.31], P = .77; RR = 1.12, 95%CI [0.86, 1.47], P = .39, respectively). Despite the fact that no significant differences of remission, relapse, and complication rate were observed in overall meta-analysis results between probiotics and placebo group, the subgroup analyses suggested that VSL#3 presented a higher remission rate and lower relapse rate (RR = 1.67, 95%CI [1.06, 2.63], P = .03; RR = 0.29, 95%CI [0.10, 0.83], P = .02, respectively). CONCLUSION Some types of probiotics, such as E coli Nissle 1917 and VSL#3, could be used as alternative therapy for patients with IBD.
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