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Casalegno Garduño R, Däbritz J. New Insights on CD8 + T Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738762. [PMID: 34707610 PMCID: PMC8542854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a complex multifactorial chronic disease. Here, we present an overview of the current research with the controversial findings of CD8+ T cell subsets and discuss some possible perspectives on their therapeutic value in IBD. Studies on the role of CD8+ T cells in IBD have contradictory outcomes, which might be related to the heterogeneity of the cells. Recent data suggest that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (Tc1) and interleukin (IL) 17-producing CD8+ (Tc17) cells contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Moreover, subsets of regulatory CD8+ T cells are abundant at sites of inflammation and can exhibit pro-inflammatory features. Some subsets of tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm) might be immunosuppressant, whereas others might be pro-inflammatory. Lastly, exhausted T cells might indicate a positive outcome for patients. The function and plasticity of different subsets of CD8+ T cells in health and IBD remain to be further investigated in a challenging field due to the limited availability of mucosal samples and adequate controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaely Casalegno Garduño
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Däbritz
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, The Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Walshe M, Nayeri S, Ji J, Hernandez-Rocha C, Sabic K, Hu L, Giri M, Nayar S, Brant S, McGovern DPB, Rioux JD, Duerr RH, Cho JH, Schumm PL, Lazarev M, Silverberg MS. A Role for CXCR3 Ligands as Biomarkers of Post-Operative Crohn's Disease Recurrence. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 16:900-910. [PMID: 34698823 PMCID: PMC9282882 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease [CD] recurrence following ileocolic resection [ICR] is common. We sought to identify blood-based biomarkers associated with CD recurrence. METHODS CD patients undergoing ICR were recruited across six centres. Serum samples were obtained at post-operative colonoscopy. A multiplex immunoassay was used to analyse 92 inflammation-related proteins [Olink Proteomics]. Bayesian analysis was used to identify proteins associated with increasing Rutgeerts score. Identified proteins were used in receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis to examine the ability to identify CD recurrence [Rutgeerts score ≥i2]. Existing single cell data were interrogated to further elucidate the role of the identified proteins. RESULTS Data from 276 colonoscopies in 213 patients were available. Median time from surgery to first and second colonoscopy was 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 6-9) and 19 [IQR 16-23] months, respectively. Disease recurrence was evident at 60 [30%] first and 36 [49%] second colonoscopies. Of 14 proteins significantly associated with Rutgeerts score, the strongest signal was seen for CXCL9 and MMP1. Among patients on anti-tumour necrosis factor drugs, CXCL9 and CXCL11 were most strongly associated with Rutgeerts score. Both are CXCR3 ligands. Incorporation of identified proteins into ROC analysis improved the ability to identify disease recurrence as compared to C-reactive protein alone: area under the curve [AUC] 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-0.82] vs 0.64 [95% CI 0.56-0.72], p = 0.012. Single cell transcriptomic data provide evidence that innate immune cells are the primary source of the identified proteins. CONCLUSIONS CXCR3 ligands are associated with CD recurrence following ICR. Incorporation of novel blood-based candidate biomarkers may aid in identification of CD recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Walshe
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shadi Nayeri
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristian Hernandez-Rocha
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ksenija Sabic
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liangyuan Hu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mamta Giri
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shikha Nayar
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Brant
- Crohn’s and Colitis Center of New Jersey, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John D Rioux
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard H Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,USA
| | - Judy H Cho
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phil L Schumm
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mark S Silverberg
- Corresponding author: Dr Mark Silverberg, MD, PhD, FRCPC, University of Toronto, Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, 441–600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1X5, Canada. Tel: +1-416-586-4800 ext 8236; Fax: +1-416-619-5524;
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Stavsky J, Maitra R. The Synergistic Role of Diet and Exercise in the Prevention, Pathogenesis, and Management of Ulcerative Colitis: An Underlying Metabolic Mechanism. Nutr Metab Insights 2019; 12:1178638819834526. [PMID: 30911221 PMCID: PMC6425530 DOI: 10.1177/1178638819834526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a biologically complex condition characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The relative incidence of this debilitating condition is increasing and sociologically damaging outcomes are a continued reality. Several etiological theories for UC are currently under investigation, spanning between genetic and environmental determinants. From an environmental perspective, previous literature reviews have demonstrated the independent effectiveness of specific diet and exercise patterns in modifying UC immuno-pathophysiology. This article explores the synergistic role of diet and aerobic exercise in the prevention, pathogenesis, and management of UC in the context of recent immunological research. Through a unifying mechanism-that is, microbial influence of colonic inflammation and immuno-pathophysiology-the simultaneous reduction of pro-inflammatory dietary sulfurous amino acid intake (ie methionine, cysteine, homocysteine, and taurine) and the upregulation of aerobic exercise frequency (which spurs the colonization of anti-inflammatory butyrate, acetate, and propionate producing microbial taxa) demonstrate the clinical efficacy of incorporating both diet and exercise modifications for UC prevention and management through pathogenic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Stavsky
- Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA
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Wing JB, Tay C, Sakaguchi S. Control of Regulatory T Cells by Co-signal Molecules. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1189:179-210. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Kumar P, Bhattacharya P, Prabhakar BS. A comprehensive review on the role of co-signaling receptors and Treg homeostasis in autoimmunity and tumor immunity. J Autoimmun 2018; 95:77-99. [PMID: 30174217 PMCID: PMC6289740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune system ensures optimum T-effector (Teff) immune responses against invading microbes and tumor antigens while preventing inappropriate autoimmune responses against self-antigens with the help of T-regulatory (Treg) cells. Thus, Treg and Teff cells help maintain immune homeostasis through mutual regulation. While Tregs can contribute to tumor immune evasion by suppressing anti-tumor Teff response, loss of Treg function can result in Teff responses against self-antigens leading to autoimmune disease. Thus, loss of homeostatic balance between Teff/Treg cells is often associated with both cancer and autoimmunity. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors, collectively known as co-signaling receptors, play an indispensable role in the regulation of Teff and Treg cell expansion and function and thus play critical roles in modulating autoimmune and anti-tumor immune responses. Over the past three decades, considerable efforts have been made to understand the biology of co-signaling receptors and their role in immune homeostasis. Mutations in co-inhibitory receptors such as CTLA4 and PD1 are associated with Treg dysfunction, and autoimmune diseases in mice and humans. On the other hand, growing tumors evade immune surveillance by exploiting co-inhibitory signaling through expression of CTLA4, PD1 and PDL-1. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 has drawn considerable attention towards co-signaling receptors in tumor immunology and created renewed interest in studying other co-signaling receptors, which until recently have not been as well studied. In addition to co-inhibitory receptors, co-stimulatory receptors like OX40, GITR and 4-1BB have also been widely implicated in immune homeostasis and T-cell stimulation, and use of agonistic antibodies against OX40, GITR and 4-1BB has been effective in causing tumor regression. Although ICB has seen unprecedented success in cancer treatment, autoimmune adverse events arising from ICB due to loss of Treg homeostasis poses a major obstacle. Herein, we comprehensively review the role of various co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors in Treg biology and immune homeostasis, autoimmunity, and anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, we discuss the autoimmune adverse events arising upon targeting these co-signaling receptors to augment anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Palash Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Associate Dean for Technological Innovation and Training, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Room E-705, (M/C 790), 835 S. Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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6
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Gusti V, Bennett KM, Lo DD. CD137 signaling enhances tight junction resistance in intestinal epithelial cells. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e12090. [PMID: 25096552 PMCID: PMC4246582 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Caco-2-BBe intestinal epithelial cells (BBe) with TNF-α and lymphotoxin-β (LT-β) receptor agonists induced the expression of the TNF receptor superfamily gene TNFRSF9/CD137. In the gut, these cytokines are known to be involved in both inflammatory responses and development of organized lymphoid tissues; thus, it was notable that in CD137-deficient mice Peyer's patch M cells lacked transcytosis function. To examine the direct effect of CD137 expression on epithelial cell function independent of other cytokine effects including CD137L triggering, we stably transfected BBe cells to express CD137. CD137 was found at the cell surface as well as the cytoplasm, and confocal microscopy suggested that aggregates of CD137 at the lateral and basolateral surface may be associated with cytoplasmic actin filament termini. Many of the CD137 clusters were colocalized with extracellular fibronectin providing a possible alternative ligand for CD137. Interestingly, we found that CD137-expressing cells showed significantly higher transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) accompanied by an increase in claudin-4 and decrease in claudin-3 protein expression. By contrast, transfection with a truncated CD137 lacking the cytoplasmic signaling domain did not affect TEER. Finally, CD137-deficient mice showed increased intestinal permeability upon dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment as compared to control mice. Our results suggest that cytokine-induced expression of CD137 may be important in enhancing epithelial barrier function in the presence of intestinal inflammation as well as influencing cytoskeletal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gusti
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California
| | - Kaila M. Bennett
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California
| | - David D. Lo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California
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Martínez Gómez JM, Chen L, Schwarz H, Karrasch T. CD137 facilitates the resolution of acute DSS-induced colonic inflammation in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73277. [PMID: 24023849 PMCID: PMC3762711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD137 and its ligand (CD137L) are potent immunoregulatory molecules that influence activation, proliferation, differentiation and cell death of leukocytes. Expression of CD137 is upregulated in the lamina propria cells of Crohn’s disease patients. Here, the role of CD137 in acute Dextran-Sodium-Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice was examined. Methods We induced acute large bowel inflammation (colitis) via DSS administration in CD137−/− and wild-type (WT) mice. Colitis severity was evaluated by clinical parameters (weight loss), cytokine secretion in colon segment cultures, and scoring of histological inflammatory parameters. Additionally, populations of lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMNC) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were characterized by flow cytometry. In a subset of mice, resolution of intestinal inflammation was evaluated 3 and 7 days after withdrawal of DSS. Results We found that both CD137−/− and WT mice demonstrated a similar degree of inflammation after 5 days of DSS exposure. However, the resolution of colonic inflammation was impaired in the absence of CD137. This was accompanied by a higher histological score of inflammation, and increased release of the pro-inflammatory mediators granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), CXCL1, IL-17 and IFN-γ. Further, there were significantly more neutrophils among the LPMNC of CD137−/− mice, and reduced numbers of macrophages among the IEL. Conclusion We conclude that CD137 plays an essential role in the resolution of acute DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Martínez Gómez
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Herbert Schwarz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (HS); (TK)
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (HS); (TK)
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Behrendt AK, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Hansen G. CD137 deficiency does not affect development of airway inflammation or respiratory tolerance induction in murine models. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 168:308-17. [PMID: 22519594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-stimulatory molecule CD137 (4-1BB) plays a crucial role in the development and persistence of asthma, characterized by eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, airway hyperreactivity, increased T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production and serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels. We have shown previously that application of an agonistic CD137 monoclonal antibody (mAb) prevented and even reversed an already established asthma phenotype. In the current study we investigated whether deficiency of the CD137/CD137L pathway affects the development of allergic airway inflammation or the opposite immune reaction of respiratory tolerance. CD137⁻/⁻ and wild-type (WT) mice were sensitized and challenged with the model allergen ovalbumin (OVA) and analysed for the presence of allergic disease parameters (allergy protocol). Some animals were tolerized by mucosal application of OVA prior to transferring the animals to the allergy protocol to analyse the effect of CD137 loss on tolerance induction (tolerance protocol). Eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, Th2 cytokine production and elevated allergen-specific serum IgE levels were increased equally in CD137⁻/⁻ and WT mice. Induction of tolerance resulted in comparable protection from the development of an allergic phenotype in both mouse strains. In addition, no significant differences could be identified in CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3⁺) regulatory T cells, supporting the conclusion that CD137⁻/⁻ mice show equal Th2-mediated immune responses compared to WT mice. Taken together, CD137⁻/⁻ mice and WT mice develop the same phenotype in a murine model of Th2-mediated allergic airway inflammation and respiratory tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-K Behrendt
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Anderson CA, Boucher G, Lees CW, Franke A, D'Amato M, Taylor KD, Lee JC, Goyette P, Imielinski M, Latiano A, Lagacé C, Scott R, Amininejad L, Bumpstead S, Baidoo L, Baldassano RN, Barclay M, Bayless TM, Brand S, Büning C, Colombel JF, Denson LA, De Vos M, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Fehrmann RSN, Floyd JAB, Florin T, Franchimont D, Franke L, Georges M, Glas J, Glazer NL, Guthery SL, Haritunians T, Hayward NK, Hugot JP, Jobin G, Laukens D, Lawrance I, Lémann M, Levine A, Libioulle C, Louis E, McGovern DP, Milla M, Montgomery GW, Morley KI, Mowat C, Ng A, Newman W, Ophoff RA, Papi L, Palmieri O, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Panés J, Phillips A, Prescott NJ, Proctor DD, Roberts R, Russell R, Rutgeerts P, Sanderson J, Sans M, Schumm P, Seibold F, Sharma Y, Simms LA, Seielstad M, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, van den Berg LH, Vatn M, Verspaget H, Walters T, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Westra HJ, Xavier RJ, Zhao ZZ, Ponsioen CY, Andersen V, Torkvist L, Gazouli M, Anagnou NP, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Sventoraityte J, Mansfield JC, Kugathasan S, Silverberg MS, Halfvarson J, Rotter JI, Mathew CG, Griffiths AM, Gearry R, Ahmad T, Brant SR, Chamaillard M, Satsangi J, Cho JH, Schreiber S, Daly MJ, Barrett JC, Parkes M, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Radford-Smith G, Duerr RH, Vermeire S, Weersma RK, Rioux JD. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. Nat Genet 2011; 43:246-52. [PMID: 21297633 PMCID: PMC3084597 DOI: 10.1038/ng.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1003] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies in ulcerative colitis have identified 18 susceptibility loci. We conducted a meta-analysis of six ulcerative colitis genome-wide association study datasets, comprising 6,687 cases and 19,718 controls, and followed up the top association signals in 9,628 cases and 12,917 controls. We identified 29 additional risk loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), increasing the number of ulcerative colitis-associated loci to 47. After annotating associated regions using GRAIL, expression quantitative trait loci data and correlations with non-synonymous SNPs, we identified many candidate genes that provide potentially important insights into disease pathogenesis, including IL1R2, IL8RA-IL8RB, IL7R, IL12B, DAP, PRDM1, JAK2, IRF5, GNA12 and LSP1. The total number of confirmed inflammatory bowel disease risk loci is now 99, including a minimum of 28 shared association signals between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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Anderson CA, Boucher G, Lees CW, Franke A, D'Amato M, Taylor KD, Lee JC, Goyette P, Imielinski M, Latiano A, Lagacé C, Scott R, Amininejad L, Bumpstead S, Baidoo L, Baldassano RN, Barclay M, Bayless TM, Brand S, Büning C, Colombel JF, Denson LA, De Vos M, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Fehrmann RSN, Floyd JAB, Florin T, Franchimont D, Franke L, Georges M, Glas J, Glazer NL, Guthery SL, Haritunians T, Hayward NK, Hugot JP, Jobin G, Laukens D, Lawrance I, Lémann M, Levine A, Libioulle C, Louis E, McGovern DP, Milla M, Montgomery GW, Morley KI, Mowat C, Ng A, Newman W, Ophoff RA, Papi L, Palmieri O, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Panés J, Phillips A, Prescott NJ, Proctor DD, Roberts R, Russell R, Rutgeerts P, Sanderson J, Sans M, Schumm P, Seibold F, Sharma Y, Simms LA, Seielstad M, Steinhart AH, Targan SR, van den Berg LH, Vatn M, Verspaget H, Walters T, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Westra HJ, Xavier RJ, Zhao ZZ, Ponsioen CY, Andersen V, Torkvist L, Gazouli M, Anagnou NP, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Sventoraityte J, Mansfield JC, Kugathasan S, Silverberg MS, Halfvarson J, Rotter JI, Mathew CG, Griffiths AM, Gearry R, Ahmad T, Brant SR, Chamaillard M, Satsangi J, Cho JH, Schreiber S, Daly MJ, Barrett JC, Parkes M, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Radford-Smith G, Duerr RH, Vermeire S, Weersma RK, Rioux JD. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. Nat Genet 2011. [PMID: 21297633 DOI: 10.1038/ng.764ng.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies in ulcerative colitis have identified 18 susceptibility loci. We conducted a meta-analysis of six ulcerative colitis genome-wide association study datasets, comprising 6,687 cases and 19,718 controls, and followed up the top association signals in 9,628 cases and 12,917 controls. We identified 29 additional risk loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), increasing the number of ulcerative colitis-associated loci to 47. After annotating associated regions using GRAIL, expression quantitative trait loci data and correlations with non-synonymous SNPs, we identified many candidate genes that provide potentially important insights into disease pathogenesis, including IL1R2, IL8RA-IL8RB, IL7R, IL12B, DAP, PRDM1, JAK2, IRF5, GNA12 and LSP1. The total number of confirmed inflammatory bowel disease risk loci is now 99, including a minimum of 28 shared association signals between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
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Chowers Y, Sturm A, Sans M, Papadakis K, Gazouli M, Harbord M, Jahnel J, Mantzaris GJ, Meier J, Mottet C, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Allez M. Report of the ECCO workshop on anti-TNF therapy failures in inflammatory bowel diseases: biological roles and effects of TNF and TNF antagonists. J Crohns Colitis 2010; 4:367-76. [PMID: 21122531 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This second section of the first ECCO pathogenesis workshop on anti-TNF therapy failures in inflammatory bowel diseases addresses the biological roles of TNFα and the effects and mechanisms of action of TNFα antagonists. Mechanisms underlying their failure, including induction of TNF-independent inflammatory pathways and phenomena of paradoxical inflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Chowers
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa & Rappoport School of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
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12
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Claes IJJ, Lebeer S, Shen C, Verhoeven TLA, Dilissen E, De Hertogh G, Bullens DMA, Ceuppens JL, Van Assche G, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SCJ. Impact of lipoteichoic acid modification on the performance of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in experimental colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:306-14. [PMID: 20731672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While some probiotic strains might have adjuvant effects in the therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), these effects remain controversial and cannot be generalized. In this study, a dltD mutant of the model probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), having a drastic modification in its lipoteichoic acid (LTA) molecules, was analysed for its effects in an experimental colitis model. Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) was used to induce either moderate to severe or mild chronic colitis in mice. Mice received either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), LGG wild-type or the dltD mutant via the drinking water. Macroscopic parameters, histological abnormalities, cytokine and Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression were analysed to assess disease activity. LGG wild-type did not show efficacy in the different experimental colitis set-ups. This wild-type strain even seemed to exacerbate the severity of colitic parameters in the moderate to severe colitis model compared to untreated mice. In contrast, mice treated with the dltD mutant showed an improvement of some colitic parameters compared to LGG wild-type-treated mice in both experimental models. In addition, treatment with the dltD mutant correlated with a significant down-regulation of Toll-like receptor-2 expression and of downstream proinflammatory cytokine expression in the colitic mice. These results show that molecular cell surface characteristics of probiotics are crucial when probiotics are considered for use as supporting therapy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J J Claes
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, University Hospital, K. U. Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Jeon HJ, Choi JH, Jung IH, Park JG, Lee MR, Lee MN, Kim B, Yoo JY, Jeong SJ, Kim DY, Park JE, Park HY, Kwack K, Choi BK, Kwon BS, Oh GT. CD137 (4–1BB) Deficiency Reduces Atherosclerosis in Hyperlipidemic Mice. Circulation 2010; 121:1124-33. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.882704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which includes CD40, LIGHT, and OX40, plays important roles in atherosclerosis. CD137 (4-1BB), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been reported to be expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions. However, limited information is available on the precise role of CD137 in atherosclerosis and the effects of blocking CD137/CD137 ligand signaling on lesion formation.
Methods and Results—
We generated CD137-deficient apolipoprotein E–knockout mice (
ApoE
−/−
CD137
−/−
) and LDL-receptor–knockout mice (
Ldlr
−/−
CD137
−/−
) to investigate the role of CD137 in atherogenesis. The deficiency of CD137 induced a reduction in atherosclerotic plaque lesions in both atherosclerosis mouse models, which was attributed to the downregulation of cytokines such as interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CD137 signaling promoted the production of inflammatory molecules, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, in endothelial cells. Stimulation of CD137 ligand signaling activated monocytes/macrophages and augmented the production of proinflammatory cytokines in atherosclerotic vessels.
Conclusions—
CD137/CD137 ligand signaling plays multiple roles in the progression of atherosclerosis, and thus, blockade of this pathway is a promising therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Jeon
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - In-Hyuk Jung
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Mi-Ran Lee
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Mi-Ni Lee
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Bora Kim
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Ji-Young Yoo
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Se-Jin Jeong
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Jeong Euy Park
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - KyuBum Kwack
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Beom Kyu Choi
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Byoung S. Kwon
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Science (H.J.J., J.-H.C., I.-H.J., J.-G.P., M.-R.L., M.-N.L., B.K., J.-Y.Y., S.-J.J., G.T.O.), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology (J.-H.C.), The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Departments of Veterinary Pathology (I.-H.J., D.-Y.K.) and Biochemistry (J.-G.P.), College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Samsung Medical Center (J.E.P.), Sungkyungkwan University School of
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14
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Vinay DS, Kim CH, Choi BK, Kwon BS. Origins and functional basis of regulatory CD11c+CD8+ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:1552-63. [PMID: 19499519 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200839057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that CD11c defines a novel subset of CD8(+) T cells whose in vivo activity is therapeutic for arthritis; however, the mechanisms directing their development, identity of their precursors, and basis of their effector function remain unknown. Here, we show that the novel subset develops from CD11c(surface-)CD8(+) T cells and undergoes robust expansion in an antigen- and 4-1BB (CD137)-dependent manner. CD11c(+)CD8(+) T cells exist in naïve mice (<3%) with limited suppressive activity. Once activated, they suppress CD4(+) T cells in vivo and in vitro. Suppression of CD4(+) by CD11c(+)CD8(+) T cells is related to an increase in IDO activity induced in competent cells via the general control non-derepressible-2 pathway. CD11c(+)CD8(+) T cells are refractory to the effect of IDO but constrict in a novel 1-methyl D,L-tryptophan-dependent mechanism resulting in reversal of their suppressive effects. Thus, our data uncover, for the first time, the origin, development, and basis of the suppressive function of this novel CD11c(+)CD8(+) T-cell subpopulation that has many signature features of Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dass S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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15
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Bernard D, Peakman M, Hayday AC. Establishing humanized mice using stem cells: maximizing the potential. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:406-14. [PMID: 18435804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on physiology and pathology as they relate to the immune system draw heavily upon rodent models. With the increasing impetus provided by initiatives in translational medicine, the demand for ever more sophisticated, 'humanized' murine models is greater than ever. However, the design and implementation of studies in such mice is far from trivial. Here we provide a technical perspective on the increasing interest in developing humanized mice. We give examples of primary data starting with the routine procurement of human donor material, through CD34(+) cell purification prior to engraftment to injection into immunocompromised mice. Our goal is to provide practical advice to the many investigators who may be commencing or considering such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bernard
- King's College London, Department of Immunobiology, London, UK
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16
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Vinay DS, Choi JH, Kim JD, Choi BK, Kwon BS. Role of endogenous 4-1BB in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology 2007; 122:394-400. [PMID: 17608689 PMCID: PMC2266025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the production of autoantibodies directed against nuclear antigens including nucleosomes and DNA. To determine the role of T-cell costimulatory molecule 4-1BB in the regulation of SLE, MRL-Fas(lpr) (lpr) mice deficient in 4-1BB (lpr/4-1BB(-/-)) were generated and their disease phenotype was compared to that of control lpr mice. The main finding of this study is that the lpr/4-1BB(-/-) mice had more pronounced skin lesions which appeared earlier, increased lymphadenopathy, increased renal damage, and higher mortality than 4-1BB-intact control lpr mice. The increased severity of lesions in lpr/4-1BB(-/-) mice was closely associated with increases in CD4(+) T, CD3(+) B220(+) double-negative T cells, serum immunoglobulin, anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, and tissue immunoglobulin deposits. These data suggest that the 4-1BB-4-1BB ligand signalling pathway plays an important role in SLE and that deletion of 4-1BB confers susceptibility to lpr mice, leading to accelerated induction of disease and early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dass S Vinay
- LSU Eye Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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17
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Moens L, Jeurissen A, Mittler RS, Wuyts G, Michiels G, Boon L, Ceuppens JL, Bossuyt X. Distinct approaches to investigate the importance of the murine 4-1BB-4-1BBL interaction in the antibody response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:638-44. [PMID: 17550973 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1006628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection against infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is based mainly on the generation of antibodies to the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (caps-PS). Although caps-PS are considered thymus-independent antigens, there is a growing body of evidence that T lymphocytes and costimulatory molecules are involved in the regulation of the antibody response to caps-PS. We investigated whether the interaction between 4-1BB and 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) is involved in the modulation of the antibody response to caps-PS after immunization with Pneumovax or with intact heat-killed S. pneumoniae. Treatment with agonistic anti-4-1BB mAb, which mimics engagement of 4-1BB by 4-1BBL, had no effect on the IgG and IgM immune response to caps-PS (Serotype 3) after immunization with Pneumovax or with S. pneumoniae Serotype 3. However, anti-4-1BB treatment strongly inhibited the IgG response to pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA). By contrast, the IgG anti-caps-PS (Serotype 3) antibody response was reduced strongly in 4-1BBL(-/-) mice immunized with S. pneumoniae Serotype 3. The IgG anti-PspA antibody response in the 4-1BB(-/-) mice was comparable with the immune response in the wild-type mice. We conclude that distinct pathways are involved in the humoral antibody response to pneumococcal antigens, depending on the nature of the antigen and the context in which the different antigens are presented. The 4-1BB-4-1BBL interaction is not involved in the antibody response to soluble caps-PS. The influence of the 4-1BB-4-1BBL interaction in the immune reaction to S. pneumoniae Serotype 3 depends on the experimental system used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Moens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University Leuven, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Abstract
The vast majority of peripheral T cells exist as resting lymphocytes until a signal for activation has been received. In response to antigen, this activation involves ligation of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and signal transmission through the CD3 complex, which then initiates a cascade of intracellular events that lead to the expression of genes used in T-cell activation. T-cell activation also requires soluble mediators in the form of cytokines and chemokines that regulate the process in both positive and negative ways, and costimulatory signals received in conjunction with TCR/CD3 signaling are important in the activation of T cells. Unlike T cells in other peripheral immune compartments, small and large intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) bear some but not all properties of activated T cells, suggesting that they constitute a large population of 'partially activated' effector cells. Thus, regulation of the IEL activation process must be held in tight check, yet it must be ready to respond to foreign antigen rapidly and effectively. We discuss how costimulatory molecules may hold the key to controlling IEL activation through a multiphase process beginning with cells that have already entered into the early stage of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Montufar-Solis
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Branch, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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19
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Irie J, Wu Y, Kachapati K, Mittler RS, Ridgway WM. Modulating protective and pathogenic CD4+ subsets via CD137 in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2007; 56:186-96. [PMID: 17192481 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CD137 (TNFRSF9) is an activation-inducible T-cell costimulatory molecule and a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. Cd137 is also a candidate gene (in the Idd9.3 interval) for autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Here, we demonstrate that anti-CD137 treatment protects NOD mice from diabetes. Anti-CD137-treated mice are not protected from insulitis and still harbor pathogenic T-cells, as demonstrated by transfer studies. Transfer of CD4(+), but not CD8(+), cells from anti-CD137-treated pre-diabetic NOD mice into NOD-scid mice delayed diabetes onset. Anti-CD137 treatment significantly increased the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells, which demonstrated intracellular Foxp3 expression and in vitro suppressive activity. The CD4(+)CD25(+) cell subset from anti-CD137-treated mice transferred complete protection from diabetes, whereas the CD4(+)CD25(-) cell subset offered no significant protection. Anti-CD137 treatment of NOD-scid recipients of diabetic spleen cells, however, hastened the onset of disease, showing that the effect of anti-CD137 treatment depends on the balance of pathogenic and protective cells. These results support a critical role for CD137 acting in the early phase of autoimmune diabetes to enhance regulatory cell production. Disease-associated CD137 alleles are likely ineffectual at stimulating a regulatory T-cell population sufficient to prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Irie
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
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20
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Sun Y, Blink SE, Liu W, Lee Y, Chen B, Solway J, Weinstock J, Chen L, Fu YX. Inhibition of Th2-Mediated Allergic Airway Inflammatory Disease by CD137 Costimulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:814-21. [PMID: 16818735 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.2.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The engagement of CD137 (4-1BB), an inducible T cell costimulatory receptor and member of the TNF receptor superfamily, by agonistic Abs can promote strong tumor and viral immunity mediated by CD8(+) T cells and stimulate IFN-gamma production. However, its role in Th2-mediated immune responses has not been well defined. To address this issue, we studied the function of CD137 engagement using an allergic airway disease model in which the mice were sensitized with inactivated Schistosoma mansoni eggs followed by S. mansoni egg Ag challenge directly in the airways and Th1/2 cytokine production was monitored. Interestingly, treatment of C57BL/6 mice with agonistic anti-CD137 (2A) during sensitization completely prevents allergic airway inflammation, as shown by a clear inhibition of T cell and eosinophil infiltration into the lung tissue and airways, accompanied by diminished Th2 cytokine production and reduced serum IgE levels, as well as a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness. At various time points after immunization, restimulated splenocytes from 2A-treated mice displayed reduced proliferation and Th2 cytokine production. In accordance with this, agonistic Ab to CD137 can directly coinhibit Th2 responses in vitro although it costimulates Th1 responses. CD137-mediated suppression of Th2 response is independent of IFN-gamma and T regulatory cells. Our study has identified a novel pathway to inhibit Th2 responses in a CD137-dependent fashion.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Helminth/administration & dosage
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity/immunology
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity/pathology
- Bronchial Hyperreactivity/prevention & control
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Female
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/agonists
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/agonists
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- Schistosoma mansoni/immunology
- Schistosomiasis/immunology
- Schistosomiasis/pathology
- Schistosomiasis/prevention & control
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglian Sun
- Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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