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Arabnozari H, Shaki F, Najjari A, Sharifianjazi F, Sarker SD, Habibi E, Nahar L. The effect of Polygonum hyrcanicum Rech. f. hydroalcoholic extract on oxidative stress and nephropathy in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18117. [PMID: 39103444 PMCID: PMC11300806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, poses a management challenge. This study investigates the effect of Polygonum hyrcanicum extract on diabetic nephropathy in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. In this experimental animal study, the P. hyrcanicum extract was prepared using continuous macerations. Thirty male Albino mice, divided into five groups, were induced with alloxan-induced diabetes. They received intraperitoneal injections of the plant extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and metformin (300 mg/kg) for four weeks. Kidney and blood samples were collected to assess protein carbonyl, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. The amount of total flavonoid and phenolic content in the hydroalcoholic extract of P. hyrcanicum were 7.5 ± 0.3 mg of quercetin and 88.2 ± 1.3 mg gallic acid per gram of extract respectively. The antioxidant activity level of the hydroalcoholic extract was determined to be 1.78 ± 0.51 mM equivalent per gram of extract. Alloxan administration resulted in a significant reduction in glutathione levels and a significant increase in protein carbonyl, lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Hydroalcoholic extract of P. hyrcanicum effectively reduced oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), indicating its potential in mitigating diabetic nephropathy. However, no significant difference in efficacy was observed between the 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses in terms of reducing these toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesamoddin Arabnozari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Najjari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fariborz Sharifianjazi
- Center for Advanced Materials and Structures, School of Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, Tbilisi, 0171, Georgia
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Emran Habibi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Xu Q, Zhou Y, Lou J, Fu Y, Lu Y, Xu M. Construction and evaluation of a metabolic correlation diagnostic model for diabetes based on machine learning algorithms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38682583 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease marked by significant metabolic dysfunctions. Understanding its molecular mechanisms is vital for early diagnosis and treatment strategies. METHODS We used datasets GSE7014, GSE25724, and GSE156248 from the GEO database to build a diagnostic model for DM using Random Forest (RF) and LASSO regression models. GSE20966 served as a validation cohort. DM patients were classified into two subtypes for functional enrichment analysis. Expression levels of key diagnostic genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from DM patients and healthy controls, focusing on CXCL12 and PPP1R12B with GAPDH as the internal control. RESULTS After de-batching the datasets, we identified 131 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DM and control groups, with 70 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated. Enrichment analysis revealed significant down-regulation in the IL-12 signaling pathway, JAK signaling post-IL-12 stimulation, and the ferroptosis pathway in DM. Five genes (CXCL12, MXRA5, UCHL1, PPP1R12B, and C7) were identified as having diagnostic value. The diagnostic model showed high accuracy in both the training and validation cohorts. The gene set also enabled the subclassification of DM patients into groups with distinct functional traits. qRT-PCR results confirmed the bioinformatics findings, particularly the up-regulation of CXCL12 and PPP1R12B in DM patients. CONCLUSION Our study pinpointed seven energy metabolism-related genes differentially expressed in DM and controls, with five holding diagnostic value. Our model accurately diagnosed DM and facilitated patient subclassification, offering new insights into DM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yina Zhou
- Chinese Internal Medicine, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Fu
- Xiaoshan District Chengxiang street community health Service center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhu Lu
- Xiaoshan District Beigan street community health Service center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Hu X, Chen S, Ye S, Chen W, Zhou Y. New insights into the role of immunity and inflammation in diabetic kidney disease in the omics era. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342837. [PMID: 38487541 PMCID: PMC10937589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is becoming the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, especially in the industrialized world. Despite mounting evidence has demonstrated that immunity and inflammation are highly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Substantial molecules, signaling pathways, and cell types participate in DKD inflammation, by integrating into a complex regulatory network. Most of the studies have focused on individual components, without presenting their importance in the global or system-based processes, which largely hinders clinical translation. Besides, conventional technologies failed to monitor the different behaviors of resident renal cells and immune cells, making it difficult to understand their contributions to inflammation in DKD. Recently, the advancement of omics technologies including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has revolutionized biomedical research, which allows an unbiased global analysis of changes in DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites in disease settings, even at single-cell and spatial resolutions. They help us to identify critical regulators of inflammation processes and provide an overview of cell heterogeneity in DKD. This review aims to summarize the application of multiple omics in the field of DKD and emphasize the latest evidence on the interplay of inflammation and DKD revealed by these technologies, which will provide new insights into the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of DKD and lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixiu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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Wang K, Liu T, Zhang Y, Lv H, Yao H, Zhao Y, Li J, Li X. Combined Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Guided Nanoparticles Effective Against Diabetic Nephropathy in Mouse Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:901-915. [PMID: 38293609 PMCID: PMC10826715 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s446733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus and constitutes the primary cause of mortality in affected patients. Previous studies have shown that placental mesenchymal stem cells (PL-MSCs) can alleviate kidney dysfunction in animal models of DN. However, the limited ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to home to damaged sites restricts their therapeutic potential. Enhancing the precision of PL-MSCs' homing to target tissues is therefore vital for the success of cell therapies in treating DN. Methods We developed Fe3O4 coated polydopamine nanoparticle (NP)-internalized MSCs and evaluated their therapeutic effectiveness in a mouse model of streptozotocin- and high-fat diet-induced DN, using an external magnetic field. Results Our study confirmed that NPs were effectively internalized into PL-MSCs without compromising their intrinsic stem cell properties. The magnetic targeting of PL-MSCs notably improved their homing to the kidney tissues in mice with DN, resulting in enhanced kidney function compared to the transplantation of PL-MSCs alone. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic attributes of PL-MSCs played a role in the recovery of kidney function and structure. Conclusion These results demonstrate that magnetically targeted therapy using PL-MSCs is a promising approach for treating diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiying Lv
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yao
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Dermatological Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China
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Xu WL, Zhou PP, Yu X, Tian T, Bao JJ, Ni CR, Zha M, Wu X, Yu JY. Myricetin induces M2 macrophage polarization to alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via PI3K/Akt pathway. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:105-125. [PMID: 38313853 PMCID: PMC10835493 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of end-stage renal disease is predominantly attributed to diabetic nephropathy (DN). Previous studies have indicated that myricetin possesses the potential to mitigate the pathological alterations observed in renal tissue. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanism through which myricetin influences the progression of DN remains uncertain. AIM To investigate the effects of myricetin on DN and explore its potential therapeutic mechanism. METHODS Db/db mice were administered myricetin intragastrically on a daily basis at doses of 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg for a duration of 12 wk. Subsequently, blood and urine indexes were assessed, along with examination of renal tissue pathology. Kidney morphology and fibrosis were evaluated using various staining techniques including hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, Masson's trichrome, and Sirius-red. Additionally, high-glucose culturing was conducted on the RAW 264.7 cell line, treated with 25 mM myricetin or co-administered with the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 for a period of 24 h. In both in vivo and in vitro settings, quantification of inflammation factor levels was conducted using western blotting, real-time qPCR and ELISA. RESULTS In db/db mice, administration of myricetin led to a mitigating effect on DN-induced renal dysfunction and fibrosis. Notably, we observed a significant reduction in expressions of the kidney injury markers kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, along with a decrease in expressions of inflammatory cytokine-related factors. Furthermore, myricetin treatment effectively inhibited the up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interluekin-1β induced by high glucose in RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, myricetin modulated the M1-type polarization of the RAW 264.7 cells. Molecular docking and bioinformatic analyses revealed Akt as the target of myricetin. The protective effect of myricetin was nullified upon blocking the polarization of RAW 264.7 via inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation using LY294002. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that myricetin effectively mitigates kidney injury in DN mice through the regulation of macrophage polarization via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Jing Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang-Rong Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Pneumology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang-Yi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
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Albrecht M, Sticht C, Wagner T, Hettler SA, De La Torre C, Qiu J, Gretz N, Albrecht T, Yard B, Sleeman JP, Garvalov BK. The crosstalk between glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes controls their responses to metabolic stimuli in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17985. [PMID: 37863933 PMCID: PMC10589299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetic nephropathy (DN), glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes undergo pathological alterations, which are influenced by metabolic changes characteristic of diabetes, including hyperglycaemia (HG) and elevated methylglyoxal (MGO) levels. However, it remains insufficiently understood what effects these metabolic factors have on GEC and podocytes and to what extent the interactions between the two cell types can modulate these effects. To address these questions, we established a co-culture system in which GECs and podocytes were grown together in close proximity, and assessed transcriptional changes in each cell type after exposure to HG and MGO. We found that HG and MGO had distinct effects on gene expression and that the effect of each treatment was markedly different between GECs and podocytes. HG treatment led to upregulation of "immediate early response" genes, particularly those of the EGR family, as well as genes involved in inflammatory responses (in GECs) or DNA replication/cell cycle (in podocytes). Interestingly, both HG and MGO led to downregulation of genes related to extracellular matrix organisation in podocytes. Crucially, the transcriptional responses of GECs and podocytes were dependent on their interaction with each other, as many of the prominently regulated genes in co-culture of the two cell types were not significantly changed when monocultures of the cells were exposed to the same stimuli. Finally, the changes in the expression of selected genes were validated in BTBR ob/ob mice, an established model of DN. This work highlights the molecular alterations in GECs and podocytes in response to the key diabetic metabolic triggers HG and MGO, as well as the central role of GEC-podocyte crosstalk in governing these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Albrecht
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center of Medical Research, Bioinformatics and Statistics, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tabea Wagner
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Steffen A Hettler
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology and Pneumology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- Center of Medical Research, Bioinformatics and Statistics, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jiedong Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology and Pneumology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Center of Medical Research, Bioinformatics and Statistics, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology and Pneumology, Fifth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Sleeman
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Campus North, Building 319, Hermann-Von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Boyan K Garvalov
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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Mureșan AV, Tomac A, Opriș DR, Bandici BC, Coșarcă CM, Covalcic DC, Hălmaciu I, Akácsos-Szász OZ, Rădulescu F, Lázár K, Stoian A, Tilinca MC. Inflammatory Markers Used as Predictors of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1861. [PMID: 37763265 PMCID: PMC10532684 DOI: 10.3390/life13091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is identified late in diabetic patients because, in the majority of cases, it is associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, resulting in little or no symptoms, or symptoms that are completely neglected. METHODS In this study were enrolled all patients over 18 years of age, with diabetes mellitus type II for more than a year with poor glycemic control, diagnosed with diabetic polyneuropathy admitted to the Diabetology Department, Emergency County Hospital of Targu Mures, Romania between January 2020 and March 2023. We divided the patients into two groups, based on the presence or absence of subclinical atherosclerosis in the lower limb, named "SA" and "non-SA". RESULTS Patients in the SA group were older (p = 0.01) and had a higher incidence of IHD (p = 0.03), history of MI (p = 0.02), and diabetic nephropathy (p = 0.01). Moreover, patients with subclinical atherosclerosis had a higher BMI (p < 0.0001) and a longer duration of diabetes (p < 0.0001). Among all patients, the systemic inflammatory markers, MLR (r = 0.331, p < 0.001), NLR (r = 0.517, p < 0.001), PLR (r = 0.296, p < 0.001), SII (r = 0.413, p < 0.001), as well as BMI (r = 0.241, p < 0.001) and HbA1C (r = 0.489, p < 0.001), demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the diabetes duration. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older patients (OR: 2.58, p < 0.001), the male gender (OR: 2.30, p = 0.006), a higher baseline levels of BMI (OR: 7.71, p < 0.001), and the duration of diabetes (OR: 8.65, p < 0.001) are predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in DN patients. Additionally, the high baseline levels of all systemic inflammatory markers (for all: p < 0.001) and poor diabetes management (OR: 10.4, p < 0.001 for HbA1C; OR: 10.78, p < 0.001 for admission glucose) are independent predictors of SA. CONCLUSIONS the inflammatory markers, NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII, being cheap and easy to collect in routine medical practice from the standard blood tests, could be an important step in predicting vascular outcomes in diabetic patients and the disease's progression, playing a key role in follow-up visits in type-2 diabetic patients and PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Vasile Mureșan
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.M.); (C.M.C.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alexandru Tomac
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Emergency Clinical Hospital Saint Spiridon, 700111 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Diana Roxana Opriș
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation (IUBCVT) of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Bogdan Corneliu Bandici
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.M.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Cătălin Mircea Coșarcă
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.M.); (C.M.C.)
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Diana Carina Covalcic
- Clinic of Vascular Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (A.V.M.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Ioana Hălmaciu
- Department of Radiology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Orsolya-Zsuzsa Akácsos-Szász
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Flavia Rădulescu
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.R.)
- Department of Scientific Research Methodology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Krisztina Lázár
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.R.)
| | - Adina Stoian
- Department of Pathophysiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Mariana Cornelia Tilinca
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Internal Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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Wu C, Wang J, Zhang R, Zhao H, Li X, Wang L, Liu P, Li P. Research progress on Cornus officinalis and its active compounds in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1207777. [PMID: 37475719 PMCID: PMC10354237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1207777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a kidney disorder secondary to diabetes and is one of the main diabetic microvascular complications. As the number of diabetic patients grows, DN has become the leading cause of chronic kidney disease in China. Unfortunately, no definitive cure currently exists for DN. Cornus officinalis (CO), frequently utilized in clinical settings for diabetes mellitus treatment, has proven vital in both preventing and treating DN. This article explores the pathogenesis of DN and how CO and its active compounds regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, inhibit oxidative stress, regulate podocytes, and manage autophagy. The mechanism and role of and its active compounds in the treatment of DN are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wu
- Renal Division, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Renal Division, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Renal Division, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | | | - Xin Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lifan Wang
- Renal Division, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Huang HY, Lin TW, Hong ZX, Lim LM. Vitamin D and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043751. [PMID: 36835159 PMCID: PMC9960850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a hormone involved in many physiological processes. Its active form, 1,25(OH)2D3, modulates serum calcium-phosphate homeostasis and skeletal homeostasis. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the renoprotective effects of vitamin D. Vitamin D modulates endothelial function, is associated with podocyte preservation, regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and has anti-inflammatory effects. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. There are numerous studies supporting vitamin D as a renoprotector, potentially delaying the onset of DKD. This review summarizes the findings of current research on vitamin D and its role in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Yin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Xuan Hong
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Moay Lim
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101-7351; Fax: +886-7-3228721
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Zheng X, Higdon L, Gaudet A, Shah M, Balistieri A, Li C, Nadai P, Palaniappan L, Yang X, Santo B, Ginley B, Wang XX, Myakala K, Nallagatla P, Levi M, Sarder P, Rosenberg A, Maltzman JS, de Freitas Caires N, Bhalla V. Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 Inhibits Albuminuria in Diabetic Mice. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:2059-2076. [PMID: 36591362 PMCID: PMC9802554 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001712022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of kidney failure in the world, and novel predictive biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of disease are needed. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (Esm-1) is a secreted proteoglycan that attenuates inflammation. We previously identified that a glomerular deficiency of Esm-1 associates with more pronounced albuminuria and glomerular inflammation in DKD-susceptible relative to DKD-resistant mice, but its contribution to DKD remains unexplored. Methods Using hydrodynamic tail-vein injection, we overexpress Esm-1 in DKD-susceptible DBA/2 mice and delete Esm-1 in DKD-resistant C57BL/6 mice to study the contribution of Esm-1 to DKD. We analyze clinical indices of DKD, leukocyte infiltration, podocytopenia, and extracellular matrix production. We also study transcriptomic changes to assess potential mechanisms of Esm-1 in glomeruli. Results In DKD-susceptible mice, Esm-1 inversely correlates with albuminuria and glomerular leukocyte infiltration. We show that overexpression of Esm-1 reduces albuminuria and diabetes-induced podocyte injury, independent of changes in leukocyte infiltration. Using a complementary approach, we find that constitutive deletion of Esm-1 in DKD-resistant mice modestly increases the degree of diabetes-induced albuminuria versus wild-type controls. By glomerular RNAseq, we identify that Esm-1 attenuates expression of kidney disease-promoting and interferon (IFN)-related genes, including Ackr2 and Cxcl11. Conclusions We demonstrate that, in DKD-susceptible mice, Esm-1 protects against diabetes-induced albuminuria and podocytopathy, possibly through select IFN signaling. Companion studies in patients with diabetes suggest a role of Esm-1 in human DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lauren Higdon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Heath Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Alexandre Gaudet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Manav Shah
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Angela Balistieri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Catherine Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Patricia Nadai
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Latha Palaniappan
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Division of Kidney-Urologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Briana Santo
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Brandon Ginley
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiaoxin X. Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo–The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Division of Kidney-Urologic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan S. Maltzman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Heath Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Nathalie de Freitas Caires
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1019-UMR9017-Center for Infection & Immunity of Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Biothelis, Lille, France
| | - Vivek Bhalla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Kushwaha K, Kabra U, Dubey R, Gupta J. Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenesis to Cure. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1418-1429. [PMID: 35993461 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220820110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disorder (ESRD). It is defined as the increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE) when no other renal disease is present. DN is categorized into microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. Factors like high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, genetics, oxidative stress, hemodynamic and metabolic changes affect DN. Hyperglycemia causes renal damage through activating protein kinase C (PKC), producing advanced end glycation products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Growth factors, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines are found to be elevated in the renal tissues of the diabetic patient. Many different and new diagnostic methods and treatment options are available due to the increase in research efforts and progression in medical science. However, until now, no permanent cure is available. This article aims to explore the mechanism, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies in current use for increasing the understanding of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Kushwaha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Uma Kabra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India
| | - Rupal Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University (LPU), Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Jeena Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
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12
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Oda K, Miyamoto S, Kodera R, Wada J, Shikata K. Suramin prevents the development of diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in KK-Ay mice. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 14:205-220. [PMID: 36308062 PMCID: PMC9889613 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes produce IL-18 upon being activated by various stimuli via the P2 receptors. Previously, we showed that serum and urine IL-18 levels are positively associated with albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes, indicating the involvement of inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the present study, we investigated whether the administration of suramin, a nonselective antagonist of the P2 receptors, protects diabetic KK.Cg-Ay /TaJcl (KK-Ay) mice against DKD progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Suramin or saline was administered i.p. to KK-Ay and C57BL/6J mice once every 2 weeks for a period of 8 weeks. Mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) were stimulated with ATP in the presence or absence of suramin. RESULTS Suramin treatment significantly suppressed the increase in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial matrix expansion, and glomerular fibrosis in KK-Ay mice. Suramin also suppressed the upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes and proteins in the renal cortex of KK-Ay mice. P2X4 and P2X7 receptors were significantly upregulated in the isolated glomeruli of KK-Ay mice and mainly distributed in the glomerular mesangial cells of KK-Ay mice. Although neither ATP nor suramin affected NLRP3 expression in MMCs, suramin inhibited ATP-induced NLRP3 complex formation and the downstream expression of caspase-1 and IL-18 in MMCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in a diabetic kidney and that inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome with suramin protects against the progression of early stage DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oda
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and MetabolismOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Satoshi Miyamoto
- Center for Innovative Clinical MedicineOkayama University HospitalOkayamaJapan
| | | | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and MetabolismOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Kenichi Shikata
- Center for Innovative Clinical MedicineOkayama University HospitalOkayamaJapan
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13
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Chen J, Liu Q, He J, Li Y. Immune responses in diabetic nephropathy: Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958790. [PMID: 36045667 PMCID: PMC9420855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic, inflammatory disease affecting millions of diabetic patients worldwide. DN is associated with proteinuria and progressive slowing of glomerular filtration, which often leads to end-stage kidney diseases. Due to the complexity of this metabolic disorder and lack of clarity about its pathogenesis, it is often more difficult to diagnose and treat than other kidney diseases. Recent studies have highlighted that the immune system can inadvertently contribute to DN pathogenesis. Cells involved in innate and adaptive immune responses can target the kidney due to increased expression of immune-related localization factors. Immune cells then activate a pro-inflammatory response involving the release of autocrine and paracrine factors, which further amplify inflammation and damage the kidney. Consequently, strategies to treat DN by targeting the immune responses are currently under study. In light of the steady rise in DN incidence, this timely review summarizes the latest findings about the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of DN and discusses promising preclinical and clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhan He
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
| | - Yanping Li
- *Correspondence: Jinhan He, ; Yanping Li,
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14
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de Melo TR, de Souza KSC, Ururahy MAG, Bortolin RH, Bezerra JF, de Oliveira Galvão MF, Hirata RDC, Hirata MH, Arrais RF, Almeida MDG, de Rezende AA, Silbiger VN. Toll-like receptor inflammatory cascade and the development of diabetic kidney disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:996-1000. [PMID: 35006634 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the association of toll-like receptor (TLR) inflammatory cascade with the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS A total of 49 T1D patients and 49 normoglycaemic (NG) subjects aged 5-20 years old were recruited. TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, NFKB, MCP1/CCL2 and IL18 mRNA expressions were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Fasting glucose, glycated haemoglobin, serum urea, serum creatinine and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were determined. RESULTS The mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, MYD88 and NFKB were significantly increased in the T1D group compared with the NG group. The mRNA expression levels of MCP1/CCL2 and IL18 were higher in 21 T1D patients (42.9%) (average of MCP1/CCL2: 6.6-fold and IL18: 5.8-fold) than in NG patients. Furthermore, ACR was increased in the T1D group compared with the NG group. CONCLUSION The increased mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, NFKB, MCP1/CCL2 and IL18 favours the development of an inflammatory process that may lead to a decline in renal function and consequently DKD in children and adolescents with T1D. This suggests that these genes are early mediators of onset DKD since the beginning of the lives of the paediatric T1D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara R de Melo
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Karla S C de Souza
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Marcela A G Ururahy
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raul H Bortolin
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João F Bezerra
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Technical School of Health, Paraiba Federal University, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Rosario D C Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario H Hirata
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F Arrais
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriana A de Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Vivian N Silbiger
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Sasongko H, Nurrochmad A, Rohman A, Nugroho AE. Characteristic of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Inflammation in A Rat Model of Diabetes-Associated Renal Injury. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemical agents such as streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NAD) are used in animal models of diabetes mellitus and their related consequences in the kidneys. Several studies have been conducted to determine the modeling, however, the results are still unclear. Moreover, diabetic nephropathy is considered to begin with an inflammatory reaction in the kidneys.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate the metabolic profile STZ and NAD induce inflammation in the kidney.
Methods: The male Wistar rats used were divided into control and STZ-induced diabetes. Half of the diabetes group received a single dose of nicotinamide (230 mg/Kg) 15 minutes after STZ injection and all groups were monitored for 6 weeks. Furthermore, the profiles of creatinine, urea, and uric acid from serum and urine were observed and the kidney inflammation was tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with IL-6 and TNF-α parameters.
Results: The result shows that the administration of a single dose of 230 mg/kg NAD in diabetic rats induced with 50 mg/kg and 65 mg/kg STZ affects body weight and kidney organ index. For 6 weeks of testing, both doses of STZ were enhanced several parameters of kidney damage in diabetic rats in blood and urine chemical parameters. Furthermore, the use of NAD to promote inflammation in STZ-induced diabetic rats gave no significant difference. However, NAD can help mice live longer and avoid problems throughout the test.
Conclusions: The use of NAD leads to inflammation in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Therefore, the administration of Nicotinamide is recommended since it helps the rats live longer during the experiment.
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Tang M, Cao H, Wei XH, Zhen Q, Liu F, Wang YF, Fan NG, Peng YD. Association Between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:885516. [PMID: 35784528 PMCID: PMC9245013 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.885516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an inflammatory marker. This study aimed to identify the correlation between hs-CRP levels and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS/METHODS This cross-sectional and observational study included 927 patients with T2DM. We collected the data of patients based on their medical data, including sociodemographic characteristics, concomitant diseases, laboratory results, and medical therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between hs-CRP levels and DKD. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to assess the correlation of hs-CRP levels on a continuous scale with the DKD. RESULTS In total, 927 patients were recruited in our study. The median age of the recruited patients was 55 years, and there were 346 female patients and 581 male patients. The hs-CRP levels were evidently higher in patients with DKD than those without DKD. After adjusting for age, sex, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, neck circumference, waist circumference, hypertension, duration of diabetes, common carotid artery plaque, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, hemoglobin, erythrocyte, leukocyte, γ-glutamyl transferase, albumin, urea nitrogen, uric acid and triglyceride, a significant increase in the odds ratios (ORs) for DKD in the fourth hs-CRP quartile compared with the first quartile was observed (P value for trend= 0.003), and the ORs (95% confidence intervals) in the fourth quartile of hs-CRP were 1.968 (1.244-3.114) for DKD compared to the first quartile.. Moreover, the RCS curves presented a positive association between hs-CRP and DKD in total subjects, male subjects and female subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicated that hs-CRP levels were significantly and positively correlated with the presence of DKD, which may provide predictive and diagnostic values in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Cao
- Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Fan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Neng-Guang Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Neng-Guang Fan, ; Yong-De Peng,
| | - Yong-De Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Neng-Guang Fan, ; Yong-De Peng,
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Li G, Zhang J, Liu D, Wei Q, Wang H, Lv Y, Ye Z, Liu G, Li L. Identification of Hub Genes and Potential ceRNA Networks of Diabetic Nephropathy by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:767654. [PMID: 34790229 PMCID: PMC8591079 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.767654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetic patients, and is the main cause of end-stage renal disease. The exact molecular mechanism of DN is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers and mechanisms for DN disease progression by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). From the GSE142153 dataset based on the peripheral blood monouclear cells (PBMC) of DN, we identified 234 genes through WGCNA and differential expression analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations mainly included inflammatory response, leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, and positive regulation of proteolysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways mostly included IL-17 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and PPAR signaling pathway in DN. A total of four hub genes (IL6, CXCL8, MMP9 and ATF3) were identified by cytoscape, and the relative expression levels of hub genes were also confirmed by RT-qPCR. ROC curve analysis determined that the expression of the four genes could distinguish DN from controls (the area under the curve is all greater than 0.8), and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis suggested that the expression of the four genes was related to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of DN. Finally, through database prediction and literature screening, we constructed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. We propose that NEAT1/XIST/KCNQ1T1-let-7b-5p-IL6, NEAT1/XIST-miR-93-5p-CXCL8 and NEAT1/XIST/KCNQ1T1-miR-27a-3p/miR-16-5p-ATF3 might be potential RNA regulatory pathways to regulate the disease progression of early DN. In conclusion, we identified four hub genes, namely, IL6, CXCL8, MMP9, and ATF3, as markers for early diagnosis of DN, and provided insight into the mechanisms of disease development in DN at the transcriptome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingqi Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaifang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Lisowska KA, Storoniak H, Dębska-Ślizień A. T cell subpopulations and cytokine levels in hemodialysis patients. Hum Immunol 2021; 83:134-143. [PMID: 34802797 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HD patients have impaired adaptive immune responses, which might depend on the primary cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We analyzed percentages of T cells subpopulations with the expression of CD69, CD25, CD95, and HLA-DR antigens in HD patients to determine the status of T cell activation. Also, we determined serum levels of cytokines: IL12p70, TNF, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8. HD patients had increased percentages of CD4+CD25+, CD4+CD69+, CD4+HLA-DR+, CD8+CD69+, and CD8+HLA-DR+ cells compared to healthy people. Also, their IL-6 and IL-8 serum levels were higher. Changes in T cell subpopulations were seen in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) or ischemic nephropathy (IN) but not with glomerulonephritis (GN). HD patients dialyzed for more than six months had a lower percentage of CD4+CD69+, CD8+HLA-DR+, CD8+CD95+ cells, higher IL-12p70 levels, and lower IL-8 levels. Our results show that HD treatment and CKD cause influence T cell activation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Lisowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Hanna Storoniak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Diabetic Nephropathy: Challenges in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1497449. [PMID: 34307650 PMCID: PMC8285185 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1497449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemia and high blood pressure are the main risk factors for the development of DN. In general, screening for microalbuminuria should be performed annually, starting 5 years after diagnosis in type 1 diabetes and at diagnosis and annually thereafter in type 2 diabetes. Standard therapy is blood glucose and blood pressure control using the renin-angiotensin system blockade, targeting A1c < 7%, and <130/80 mmHg. Regression of albuminuria remains an important therapeutic goal. However, there are problems in diagnosis and treatment of nonproteinuric DN (NP-DN), which does not follow the classic pattern of DN. In fact, the prevalence of DN continues to increase, and additional therapy is needed to prevent or ameliorate the condition. In addition to conventional therapies, vitamin D receptor activators, incretin-related drugs, and therapies that target inflammation may also be promising for the prevention of DN progression. This review focuses on the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of DN, approaches to diagnosis in classic and NP-DN, and current and emerging therapeutic interventions.
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Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been the leading cause of chronic kidney disease for over 20 years. Yet, over these two decades, the clinical approach to this condition has not much improved beyond the administration of glucose-lowering agents, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers for blood pressure control, and lipid-lowering agents. The proportion of diabetic patients who develop DKD and progress to end-stage renal disease has remained nearly the same. This unmet need for DKD treatment is caused by the complex pathophysiology of DKD, and the difficulty of translating treatment from bench to bed, which further adds to the growing argument that DKD is not a homogeneous disease. To better capture the full spectrum of DKD in our design of treatment regimens, we need improved diagnostic tools that can better distinguish the subgroups within the condition. For instance, DKD is typically placed in the broad category of a non-inflammatory kidney disease. However, genome-wide transcriptome analysis studies consistently indicate the inflammatory signaling pathway activation in DKD. This review will utilize human data in discussing the potential for redefining the role of inflammation in DKD. We also comment on the therapeutic potential of targeted anti-inflammatory therapy for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Woong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Ju-Young Moon, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea Tel: +82-2-440-7064 Fax: +82-2-440-8150 E-mail:
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21
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El Helaly RM, Elzehery RR, El-Emam OA, El Domiaty HA, Elbohy WR, Aboelenin HM, Salem NAB. Genetic association between interleukin-10 gene rs1518111 and rs3021094 polymorphisms and risk of type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in Egyptian children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:567-576. [PMID: 33745199 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in etiopathogenesis and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Genetic association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with T2DM and DN was recently established. We aimed to explore the potential genetic risk of IL-10 gene rs1518111 and rs3021094 SNPs in susceptibility to T1DM and DN. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional study included 140 T1DM children, of whom 74 had DN and 90 controls. IL-10 gene rs1518111 and rs3021094 SNP were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique of the extracted genomic DNA from participants. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to explore the association between IL-10 gene polymorphisms and the risk of T1DM and DN. RESULTS For rs1518111 SNP, AA genotype was associated with high risk of T1DM (OR = 4.53; CI = 2.11-9.74; p < 0.001), while A allele was associated with high risk of both T1DM (OR = 3.35; CI = 2.20-5.09; p < 0.001) and DN (OR = 2.36; CI = 1.27-4.38; p = 0.006). For rs3021094 SNP, AC genotype displayed lower risk to develop T1DM (OR = 0.35; CI = 0.13-0.94; p = 0.037), while A allele displayed higher risk to develop T1DM (OR = 1.69; CI = 1.11-2.56; p = 0.013). GA and AC haplotypes of rs1518111 and rs3021094 had lower ORs for having T1DM and DN, while GC had lower OR for having T1DM. CONCLUSIONS AA genotype and A allele of IL-10 rs1518111 SNP could be linked to increased risk for T1DM and DN among Egyptian children. None of rs3021094 genotypes or alleles displayed significant association with DN. GA and AC haplotypes could be protective against T1DM and DN susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasha Rizk Elzehery
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ola Ali El-Emam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Huda Ahmed El Domiaty
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wesam Reda Elbohy
- Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hadil Mohamed Aboelenin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nanees Abdel-Badie Salem
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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22
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Empagliflozin Inhibits IL-1β-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Human Proximal Tubular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105089. [PMID: 34064989 PMCID: PMC8151056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SGLT2 inhibitor-related nephroprotection is—at least partially—mediated by anti-inflammatory drug effects, as previously demonstrated in diabetic animal and human studies, as well as hyperglycemic cell culture models. We recently presented first evidence for anti-inflammatory potential of empagliflozin (Empa) under normoglycemic conditions in human proximal tubular cells (HPTC) by demonstrating Empa-mediated inhibition of IL-1β-induced MCP-1/CCL2 and ET-1 expression on the mRNA and protein level. We now add corroborating evidence on a genome-wide level by demonstrating that Empa attenuates the expression of several inflammatory response genes in IL-1β-induced (10 ng/mL) normoglycemic HPTCs. Using microarray-hybridization analysis, 19 inflammatory response genes out of >30.000 human genes presented a consistent expression pattern, that is, inhibition of IL-1β (10 ng/mL)-stimulated gene expression by Empa (500 nM), in both HK-2 and RPTEC/TERT1 cells. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated statistically significant clustering of annotated pathways (enrichment score 3.64). Our transcriptomic approach reveals novel genes such as CXCL8/IL8, LOX, NOV, PTX3, and SGK1 that might be causally involved in glycemia-independent nephroprotection by SGLT2i.
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23
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Donate-Correa J, Ferri CM, Sánchez-Quintana F, Pérez-Castro A, González-Luis A, Martín-Núñez E, Mora-Fernández C, Navarro-González JF. Inflammatory Cytokines in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Implications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:628289. [PMID: 33553221 PMCID: PMC7862763 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.628289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and a main contributing factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Strategies employed to delay the progression of this pathology focus on the control of traditional risk factors, such as hyperglycemia, and elevated blood pressure. Although the intimate mechanisms involved in the onset and progression of DKD remain incompletely understood, inflammation is currently recognized as one of the main underlying processes. Untangling the mechanisms involved in the appearing of a harmful inflammatory response in the diabetic patient is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the inflammation-related pathogenic mechanisms involved in DKD and in the therapeutic utility of new anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain
| | - Carla M Ferri
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Doctoral and Graduate School, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Quintana
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Doctoral and Graduate School, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Atteneri Pérez-Castro
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ainhoa González-Luis
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain.,Doctoral and Graduate School, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el Estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, Santander, Spain.,REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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24
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Aly RH, Ahmed AE, Hozayen WG, Rabea AM, Ali TM, El Askary A, Ahmed OM. Patterns of Toll-Like Receptor Expressions and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels and Their Implications in the Progress of Insulin Resistance and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Front Physiol 2021; 11:609223. [PMID: 33442388 PMCID: PMC7798354 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DNP) is a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) chronic complication, which is the largest single cause of end-stage kidney disease. There is an increasing evidence of the role of inflammation and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as part of innate immune system in its development and progression. In addition, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) downward signaling causes the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which can induce insulin (INS) resistance in T2DM. Objective: The goal of this study was to estimate the expression of TLRs (TLR2 and TLR4) in relation to inflammation and INS resistance in nephrotic type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal failure and to discuss the role of these TLRs in DNP progression. Patients and Methods: In this study, blood samples were obtained from type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal failure, and patients with non-diabetic renal failure were compared to healthy controls. All participants were tested for analysis of fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin, kidney function tests, C-reactive protein (CRP), and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as well as expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood (PB). Statistical analysis of data was done by using SPSS. Results: Diabetic patients with renal failure exhibited significant increase in TLR2, TLR4 mRNA expression in PB in comparison with normal subjects, diabetic patients without renal failure and non-diabetic patients with renal failure. Both diabetic patients with or without kidney failure and non-diabetic patients with renal failure had increased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression in association with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6) compared to normal subjects. The diabetic patients with kidney failure exhibited the highest elevation of TLRs, Th1 cytokines and CRP in association the highest record of insulin resistance. Conclusion: Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 increased expression and Th2 cytokines may have an important role in the progression of DNP and deteriorations in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, TLR2 and TLR4 may be a promising therapeutic target to prevent or retard DNP in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rofyda H Aly
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amr E Ahmed
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Walaa G Hozayen
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Alaa Mohamed Rabea
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine (New Damietta), Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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25
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Moecking J, Laohamonthonkul P, Chalker K, White MJ, Harapas CR, Yu CH, Davidson S, Hrovat-Schaale K, Hu D, Eng C, Huntsman S, Calleja DJ, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM, O'Donoghue RJJ, Ting JP, Burchard EG, Geyer M, Gerlic M, Masters SL. NLRP1 variant M1184V decreases inflammasome activation in the context of DPP9 inhibition and asthma severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:2134-2145.e20. [PMID: 33378691 PMCID: PMC8168955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background NLRP1 is an innate immune sensor that can form cytoplasmic inflammasome complexes. Polymorphisms in NLRP1 are linked to asthma; however, there is currently no functional or mechanistic explanation for this. Objective We sought to clarify the role of NLRP1 in asthma pathogenesis. Methods Results from the GALA II cohort study were used to identify a link between NLRP1 and asthma in Mexican Americans. In vitro and in vivo models for NLRP1 activation were applied to investigate the role of this inflammasome in asthma at the molecular level. Results We document the association of an NLRP1 haplotype with asthma for which the single nucleotide polymorphism rs11651270 (M1184V) individually is the most significant. Surprisingly, M1184V increases NLRP1 activation in the context of N-terminal destabilization, but decreases NLRP1 activation on dipeptidyl peptidase 9 inhibition. In vitro studies demonstrate that M1184V increases binding to dipeptidyl peptidase 9, which can account for its inhibitory role in this context. In addition, in vivo data from a mouse model of airway inflammation reveal a protective role for NLRP1 inflammasome activation reducing eosinophilia in this setting. Conclusions Linking our in vitro and in vivo results, we found that the NLRP1 variant M1184V reduces inflammasome activation in the context of dipeptidyl peptidase 9 inhibition and could thereby increase asthma severity. Our studies may have implications for the treatment of asthma in patients carrying this variant of NLRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Moecking
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; the Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pawat Laohamonthonkul
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katelyn Chalker
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marquitta J White
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Cassandra R Harapas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Chien-Hsiung Yu
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sophia Davidson
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Katja Hrovat-Schaale
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Scott Huntsman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Dale J Calleja
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- the Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia; University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- the Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Australia; University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Robert J J O'Donoghue
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jenny P Ting
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Matthias Geyer
- the Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, Germany
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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26
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Araújo LS, Torquato BGS, da Silva CA, Dos Reis Monteiro MLG, Dos Santos Martins ALM, da Silva MV, Dos Reis MA, Machado JR. Renal expression of cytokines and chemokines in diabetic nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:308. [PMID: 32723296 PMCID: PMC7389446 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DN, thus considered an inflammatory disease. However, further studies are required to assess the renal damage caused by the action of these molecules. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the expression of cytokines and chemokines in renal biopsies from patients with DN and to correlate it with interstitial inflammation and decreased renal function. METHODS Forty-four native renal biopsies from patients with DN and 23 control cases were selected. In situ expression of eotaxin, MIP-1α (macrophage inflammatory protein-1α), IL-8 (interleukin-8), IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), TNFR1 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-1), IL-1β, and IL-6 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The DN group showed a significant increase in IL-6 (p < 0.0001), IL-1β (p < 0.0001), IL-4 (p < 0.0001) and eotaxin (p = 0.0012) expression, and a decrease in TNFR1 (p = 0.0107) and IL-8 (p = 0.0262) expression compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in IL-10 (p = 0.4951), TNF-α (p = 0.7534), and MIP-1α (p = 0.3816) expression among groups. Regarding interstitial inflammation, there was a significant increase in IL-6 in scores 0 and 1 compared to score 2 (p = 0.0035), in IL-10 in score 2 compared to score 0 (p = 0.0479), and in eotaxin in score 2 compared to scores 0 and 1 (p < 0.0001), whereas IL-8 (p = 0.0513) and MIP-1α (p = 0.1801) showed no significant differences. There was a tendency for negative correlation between eotaxin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p = 0.0566). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated an increased in situ production of cytokines and chemokines in DN, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, and eotaxin. It was observed that, possibly, eotaxin may have an important role in the progression of interstitial inflammation in DN and in eGFR decrease of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Silvano Araújo
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gonçalves Silva Torquato
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Crislaine Aparecida da Silva
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Maria Luíza Gonçalves Dos Reis Monteiro
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Monteiro Dos Santos Martins
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Getúlio Guaritá, n° 130, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-440, Brazil
| | - Marlene Antônia Dos Reis
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Praça Manoel Terra, 330, Nossa Senhora da Abadia, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38025-015, Brazil.
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27
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Role of the Nox4/AMPK/mTOR signaling axe in adipose inflammation-induced kidney injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:403-417. [PMID: 32095833 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious complications of diabetes worldwide and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. While research has primarily focused on hyperglycemia as a key player in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, recently, increasing evidence have underlined the role of adipose inflammation in modulating the development and/or progression of diabetic kidney disease. This review focuses on how adipose inflammation contribute to diabetic kidney disease. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the underlying mechanisms of adipose inflammation, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and critically describes their role in diabetic kidney disease. This in-depth understanding of adipose inflammation and its impact on diabetic kidney disease highlights the need for novel interventions in the treatment of diabetic complications.
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28
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Techatanawat S, Surarit R, Chairatvit K, Khovidhunkit W, Roytrakul S, Thanakun S, Kobayashi H, Khovidhunkit SOP, Izumi Y. Salivary and serum interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228921. [PMID: 32053656 PMCID: PMC7018084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-18 have been proposed to play important roles in periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but human data are conflicting. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of IL-17A and IL-18 in periodontitis and DM by measuring salivary and serum levels, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 49 participants with type 2 DM and 25 control subjects without type 2 DM were recruited. A periodontal screening and recording (PSR) index (0, 1-2, 3, and 4) was used to classify whether these subjects had periodontitis. Salivary and serum IL-17A and IL-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between these cytokines and clinical parameters. RESULTS Salivary IL-17A levels were not significantly different between patients with DM and controls, however, the levels were significantly higher in controls with periodontitis than those without periodontitis (p = 0.031). Salivary IL-17A levels were significantly associated with the PSR index (β = 0.369, p = 0.011). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed the association of salivary IL-18 levels and fasting plasma glucose (β = 0.270, p = 0.022) whereas serum IL-18 levels were associated with HbA1C (β = 0.293, p = 0.017). No correlation between salivary and serum levels of IL-17A and IL-18 was found. CONCLUSION Salivary IL-17A was strongly associated with periodontitis, whereas salivary IL-18 was associated with FPG and serum IL-18 was associated with HbA1C. These results suggest the role of these cytokines in periodontal inflammation and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suteera Techatanawat
- Ph.D. Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kongthawat Chairatvit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weerapan Khovidhunkit
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Supanee Thanakun
- College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Muang Pathum Thani, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine Clinic, Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Care Perio Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
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Donate-Correa J, Luis-Rodríguez D, Martín-Núñez E, Tagua VG, Hernández-Carballo C, Ferri C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez AE, Mora-Fernández C, Navarro-González JF. Inflammatory Targets in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020458. [PMID: 32046074 PMCID: PMC7074396 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most frequent complications in patients with diabetes mellitus is diabetic nephropathy (DN). At present, it constitutes the first cause of end stage renal disease, and the main cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients. Therefore, it is clear that new strategies are required to delay the development and the progression of this pathology. This new approach should look beyond the control of traditional risk factors such as hyperglycemia and hypertension. Currently, inflammation has been recognized as one of the underlying processes involved in the development and progression of kidney disease in the diabetic population. Understanding the cascade of signals and mechanisms that trigger this maladaptive immune response, which eventually leads to the development of DN, is crucial. This knowledge will allow the identification of new targets and facilitate the design of innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the pathogenesis of proinflammatory molecules and mechanisms related to the development and progression of DN, and discuss the potential utility of new strategies based on agents that target inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Desirée Luis-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Víctor G. Tagua
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
| | | | - Carla Ferri
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; (J.D.-C.); (E.M.-N.); (V.G.T.); (C.F.); (C.M.-F.)
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38010 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-602-389
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Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney injury or maladaptive repair. Renal fibrosis is considered to be closely related to various cell types, such as fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, T cells, and other inflammatory cells. Multiple types of cells regulate renal fibrosis through the recruitment, proliferation, and activation of fibroblasts, and the production of the extracellular matrix. Cell trafficking is orchestrated by a family of small proteins called chemokines. Chemokines are cytokines with chemotactic properties, which are classified into 4 groups: CXCL, CCL, CX3CL, and XCL. Similarly, chemokine receptors are G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors classified into 4 groups: XCR, CCR, CXCR, and CX3CR. Chemokine receptors are also implicated in the infiltration, differentiation, and survival of functional cells, triggering inflammation that leads to fibrosis development. In this review, we summarize the different chemokine receptors involved in the processes of fibrosis in different cell types. Further studies are required to identify the molecular mechanisms of chemokine signaling that contribute to renal fibrosis.
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Cui S, Qiao L, Yu S, Men L, Li Y, Li F, Du J. The antagonist of CXCR1 and CXCR2 protects db/db mice from metabolic diseases through modulating inflammation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1205-E1217. [PMID: 31573846 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00117.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8, also named CXCL8) binds to its receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2) with subsequent recruitment of neutrophils and enhancement of their infiltration into inflamed sites, which exaggerates inflammation in many diseases. Recent studies have proposed that metabolic disorders can be attenuated by counteracting certain inflammatory signal pathways. In this study, we examined whether intervention with G31P, an antagonist of CXCL8, could attenuate tissue inflammation and development of metabolic disorders in db/db mice. The db/m and db/db mice were subcutaneously injected with G31P or equivalent normal saline once a day for 6 wk. The physical and metabolic parameters, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, hepatic lipid accumulation, and inflammation markers were measured. G31P improved hepatic insulin sensitivity by modulating expression of genes related to gluconeogenesis and phosphorylated Akt levels. The expressions of several genes encoding proteins involved in de novo lipogenesis were decreased in G31P-treated db/db mice. Meanwhile, immune cell infiltration and cytokine release were attenuated in db/db mice with G31P treatment. G31P also improved the ratio of proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Furthermore, G31P ameliorates metabolic disturbances via inhibition of CXCR1 and CXCR2 pathways in db/db mice. These data suggest that the selective inhibition of CXC chemokines may have therapeutic effects on symptoms associated with obesity and diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cytokines/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism
- Gluconeogenesis/drug effects
- Gluconeogenesis/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Mice
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lili Men
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Markova I, Hüttl M, Oliyarnyk O, Kacerova T, Haluzik M, Kacer P, Seda O, Malinska H. The effect of dicarbonyl stress on the development of kidney dysfunction in metabolic syndrome - a transcriptomic and proteomic approach. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:51. [PMID: 31388341 PMCID: PMC6670216 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Dicarbonyl stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of microvascular complications that precede the formation of advanced glycation end products, and contributes to the development of renal dysfunction. In renal cells, toxic metabolites like methylglyoxal lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and protein structure modifications. In our study, we investigated the effect of methylglyoxal on metabolic, transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic profiles in the context of the development of kidney impairment in the model of metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods Dicarbonyl stress was induced by intragastric administration of methylglyoxal (0.5 mg/kg bw for 4 weeks) in a strain of hereditary hypertriglyceridaemic rats with insulin resistance and fatty liver. Results Methylglyoxal administration aggravated glucose intolerance (AUC0–120p < 0.05), and increased plasma glucose (p < 0.01) and insulin (p < 0.05). Compared to controls, methylglyoxal-treated rats exhibited microalbuminuria (p < 0.01). Targeted proteomic analysis revealed increases in urinary secretion of pro-inflammatory parameters (MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8), specific collagen IV fragments and extracellular matrix proteins. Urine metabolomic biomarkers in methylglyoxal-treated rats were mainly associated with impairment of membrane phospholipids (8-isoprostane, 4-hydroxynonenal). Decreased levels of glutathione (p < 0.01) together with diminished activity of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes contributed to oxidative and dicarbonyl stress. Methylglyoxal administration elevated glyoxalase 1 expression (p < 0.05), involved in methylglyoxal degradation. Based on comparative transcriptomic analysis of the kidney cortex, 96 genes were identified as differentially expressed (FDR < 0.05). Network analysis revealed an over-representation of genes related to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signalling pathways as well as an inhibition of angiogenesis suggesting its contribution to renal fibrosis. Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis that dicarbonyl stress plays a key role in renal microvascular complications. At the transcriptome level, methylglyoxal activated oxidative and pro-inflammatory pathways and inhibited angiogenesis. These effects were further supported by the results of urinary proteomic and metabolomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Markova
- 1Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- 1Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- 1Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kacerova
- 2Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Haluzik
- 1Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kacer
- 3Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Seda
- 4Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University & General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malinska
- 1Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Oguntibeju OO. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 11:45-63. [PMID: 31333808 PMCID: PMC6628012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been recognised as one of the four major non-communicable diseases that demands urgent attention from all key shareholders globally in an effort to address its prevalence and associated complications. It is considered as a top 10 cause of death globally, killing about 1.6 million people worldwide and is seen as the third highest risk factor for worldwide premature mortality due to hyperglycaemia and hyperglycaemic-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. There is a strong link between hyperglycaemia, hyperglycaemic-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Various reports have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and that sub-clinical inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and is linked to the characteristics of metabolic syndrome which include hyperglycaemia. Oxidative stress stimulates the generation of inflammatory mediators and inflammation in turn enhances the production of reactive oxygen species. This interaction between diabetes, oxidative stress and inflammation is the primary motivation for the compilation of this review. Based on previous studies, the review examines the interaction between diabetes, oxidative stress and inflammation, factors promoting prevalence of diabetes mellitus, mechanisms involved in hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress with particular focus on type 2 diabetes and selected diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Liu Z, Yu X, Tong C, Qi H. Renal dysfunction in a mouse model of GDM is prevented by metformin through MAPKs. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4491-4499. [PMID: 30896853 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence is increasing worldwide. In the present study, the effects of metformin on high fat diet (HFD)‑induced renal dysfunction were investigated in GDM mice. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying metformin function were examined. GDM was induced by feeding pregnant mice a HFD, and mice were treated with two different doses of metformin (300 and 600 mg/kg/day) or PBS between embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) and E17.5. The pregnant mice at E18.5 were utilized to analyze the effects of metformin on renal dysfunction. Renal function and the protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and factors of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in the kidneys of pregnant mice were assessed by ELISA and western blotting. Data obtained during late pregnancy suggested that metformin significantly decreased body weight and the levels of blood glucose in GDM mice, as assessed by the glucose tolerance test and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. The levels of microalbumin and serum β2‑microglobulin in GDM mice during late pregnancy were decreased following treatment with metformin. Furthermore, serum levels of interleukin (IL)‑6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, and phosphorylation of MAPK1/3, MAPK14 and MAPK8 in the kidneys were decreased in GDM mice following metformin treatment at E18.5, compared with the untreated GDM group. The present study suggested that inflammation may be associated with renal dysfunction in GDM mice, and that the MAPK signaling pathway may be involved in the protective effect of metformin on renal dysfunction in GDM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Donate-Correa J, Tagua VG, Ferri C, Martín-Núñez E, Hernández-Carballo C, Ureña-Torres P, Ruiz-Ortega M, Ortiz A, Mora-Fernández C, Navarro-González JF. Pentoxifylline for Renal Protection in Diabetic Kidney Disease. A Model of Old Drugs for New Horizons. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030287. [PMID: 30818852 PMCID: PMC6463074 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most relevant complications in diabetes mellitus patients, which constitutes the main cause of end-stage renal disease in the western world. Delaying the progression of this pathology requires new strategies that, in addition to the control of traditional risk factors (glycemia and blood pressure), specifically target the primary pathogenic mechanisms. Nowadays, inflammation is recognized as a critical novel pathogenic factor in the development and progression of renal injury in diabetes mellitus. Pentoxifylline is a nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor with rheologic properties clinically used for more than 30 years in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. In addition, this compound also exerts anti-inflammatory actions. In the context of diabetic kidney disease, pentoxifylline has shown significant antiproteinuric effects and a delay in the loss of estimated glomerular filtration rate, although at the present time there is no definitive evidence regarding renal outcomes. Moreover, recent studies have reported that this drug can be associated with a positive impact on new factors related to kidney health, such as Klotho. The use of pentoxifylline as renoprotective therapy for patients with diabetic kidney disease represents a new example of drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Donate-Correa
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain.
| | - Víctor G Tagua
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Carla Ferri
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Ernesto Martín-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain.
| | | | - Pablo Ureña-Torres
- Department of Dialyisis, AURA Nord, Saint Ouen, 93400 Paris, France.
- Department of Renal Physiology, Necker Hospital, University Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular en Enfermedades Renales, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, 28004, Spain.
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0007), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Departamento de Nefrología e Hipertensión, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0001), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Mora-Fernández
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain.
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan F Navarro-González
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- GEENDIAB (Grupo Español para el estudio de la Nefropatía Diabética), Sociedad Española de Nefrología, 39008 Santander, Spain.
- REDINREN (Red de Investigación Renal-RD16/0009/0022), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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Nawaz SS, Joy SS, Al Farsi Y, George TP, Siddiqui K. Potential role of serum fetuin-A in relation with pro-inflammatory, chemokine and adhesion molecules in diabetic kidney disease: a case-control study. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1239-1246. [PMID: 30632070 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokine, adipokine and adhesion molecules are known to play a key role in pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In this study, our aim was to investigate the role of fetuin-A in relation with pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-18), adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), chemokine (MCP-1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) in control and DKD subjects. We recruited a total of 224 type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects. The control subjects were T2D with a normal albumin excrete (albumin-to-creatinine ratio-ACR ≤ 30 mg/g creatinine) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 (ml/min/1.73 m2), while cases were T2D subjects with albumin excrete (ACR ≥ 30 mg/g creatinine) and eGFR ≤ 60 (ml/min/1.73 m2). FBS, HbA1c, lipid profile (TC, LDL, HDL, triglyceride), ALT, AST, GGT, serum creatinine, BMI, blood pressure was evaluated in all the study subjects. Randox evidence biochip analyzer was used for measuring inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and adhesion molecules by chemiluminescent assay. Serum fetuin-A and IL-18 were measured by ELISA kits. Serum fetuin-A levels were significantly decreased in DKD cases compare to control group [456.8 (299.2-649.0) µg/ml versus 670.6 (573.0-726.1) µg/ml; p < 0.001)]. Serum fetuin-A levels correlates significantly with IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, PAI-1, leptin, resistin and ACR (p < 0.001). This study concludes that serum fetuin-A and pro-inflammatory markers (IL-18, IL-6, IL-1α and TNF-α) might play an important role in the pathophysiology and inflammatory process of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Sarfaraz Nawaz
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salini Scaria Joy
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousuf Al Farsi
- University Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Teena P George
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Siddiqui
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 245, Riyadh, 11411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Interleukin-18 and diabetic nephropathy: A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5674-5682. [PMID: 30417374 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response has an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy that is contributed to by inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, and macrophage chemotactic protein-1; however, the role of IL-18 seems to be more specific than other cytokines in the inflammatory process. IL-18 is expressed in renal tissue and is upregulated by several stimuli including hyperglycemia. The expression/urinary level of IL-18 is positively correlated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy and the urinary albumin excretion rate. In this review, we have focused on the molecular pathways modulating the relationship between IL-18 and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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38
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Chen YC, Kuo CH, Tsai YM, Lin YC, Hsiao HP, Chen BH, Chen YT, Wang SL, Hung CH. Suppressive effects of metformin on T-helper 1-related chemokines expression in the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. Endocr Res 2018; 43:228-234. [PMID: 29630425 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2018.1460605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are chronic T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. Metformin is a widely used drug for type 2 DM that reduces the need for insulin in type 1 DM. However, whether metformin has an anti-inflammatory effect for treating DM is unknown. We investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of metformin in the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 was pretreated with metformin and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The production of T-helper (Th)-1-related chemokines including interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Th2-related chemokine macrophage-derived chemokine, and the proinflammatory chemokine tumor necrosis factor-α was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intracellular signaling pathways were investigated using Western blot analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Metformin suppressed LPS-induced IP-10 and MCP-1 production as well as LPS-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, metformin suppressed LPS-induced acetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the IP-10 promoter. CONCLUSIONS Metformin suppressed the production of Th1-related chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1 in THP-1 cells. Suppressive effects of metformin on IP-10 production might be attributed at least partially to the JNK, p38, ERK, and NF-κB pathways as well as to epigenetic regulation through the acetylation of histones H3 and H4. These results indicated the therapeutic anti-inflammatory potential of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Chen
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- b Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Kuo
- c Ta-Kuo Clinic , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- d Department of Pediatrics , Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ming Tsai
- e Department of Internal Medicine , Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- f Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- b Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- f Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- g Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Hui-Pin Hsiao
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- b Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- h Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Bai-Hsiun Chen
- b Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- g Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- h Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- b Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ling Wang
- b Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- a Department of Pediatrics , Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- b Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- h Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- i Research Center for Environmental Medicine , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Fathy SA, Mohamed MR, Ali MAM, El-Helaly AE, Alattar AT. Influence of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α genetic variants on susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Biomarkers 2018; 24:43-55. [PMID: 30015512 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1501761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from previous studies on the role of inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are contradictory. The association of a particular inflammatory cytokine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with susceptibility to DKD has not been consistently replicated. We aimed to investigate the utility of inflammatory cytokines as biomarkers for DKD in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Association of inflammatory cytokine gene SNPs with the development of DKD was also explored. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-nine Kuwaiti subjects were recruited in this study, including 50 T2DM patients without DKD, 67 diabetic DKD patients and 42 healthy subjects. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Nine SNPs, including 2 SNPs in IL-6, 3 SNPs in IL-10, 1 SNP in IFN-γ and 3 SNPs in TNF-α, were genotyped using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. RESULTS Diabetic DKD patients showed higher IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels than those without DKD. Diabetic DKD patients had a significantly higher frequency of IL-10 - 1082 A allele than those without DKD (p = 0.001). No significant association of IL-6 - 174/-597 haplotypes with DKD risk was detected (p = 0.188). Distribution of IL-10 - 592/-819/-1082 haplotypes differ significantly between T2DM patients with/without DKD (p = 0.014). Diabetic DKD patients had a significantly lower frequency of IL-10 - 592C/-819C/-1082G haplotype than those without DKD (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Although inflammatory cytokine genotypes and, more importantly, haplotypes may have the potential to identify those patients at risk of DKD, hence, improving DKD predisposition prediction, further investigations regarding their real clinical significance is warranted in a large cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia A Fathy
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Mohamed
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Ali
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ashraf E El-Helaly
- b Medical Laboratories Department , Amiri Hospital , Kuwait city , Kuwait
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Al Jameil N, Tabassum H, Fatima S, Naiman Ali M, Rizwana H, Aziz Khan F. Ameliorating Effect of Vitamin C Against Potassium Dichromate Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.990.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li MX, Zhao YF, Qiao HX, Zhang YP, Li XJ, Ren WD, Yu P. CXCR3 knockdown protects against high glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production at the onset of diabetic nephropathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:8829-8838. [PMID: 31966749 PMCID: PMC6965426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, their expression pattern and function in glomerular podocytes have not been investigated as of yet. In the present study, we investigated whether CXCR3 could protect podocytes from high glucose-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production and explored the possible mechanism. Cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) was measured using a dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) ortetrechloro-tetraethylbenzimidazol carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) fluorescent probe, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the gene expression of CXCR3. Western blots were carried out for the related protein expression in podocytes, including CXCR3, Nephrin, Podocin, Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3. Firstly, we found that CXCR3 expression was significantly up-regulated and cell viability was decreased in high glucose (HG)-treated mouse podocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Secondly, knockdown of CXCR3 in mouse podocytes significantly suppressed HG-induced viability decrease, cell cycle arrest, ROS generation and ∆Ψm reduction. Moreover, knockdown of CXCR3 reduced the podocytes injury in cell apoptosis and inflammation through increasing the expression of Nephrin, Podocin and Bcl-2, and decreasing the expression of Bax and Caspase-3. In conclusion, CXCR3 knockdown protected podocytes from HG-induced apoptosis and inflammation in vitro, suggesting that inhibition of CXCR3 may have a therapeutic potential in DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North UniversityHebei, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North UniversityHebei, China
| | - Hai-Xia Qiao
- Department of Microbiology, Hebei North UniversityHebei, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei North UniversityHebei, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Li
- Department of Pathology, Hebei North UniversityHebei, China
| | - Wei-Dong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North UniversityHebei, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin, China
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Rani J, Mittal I, Pramanik A, Singh N, Dube N, Sharma S, Puniya BL, Raghunandanan MV, Mobeen A, Ramachandran S. T2DiACoD: A Gene Atlas of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Associated Complex Disorders. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6892. [PMID: 28761062 PMCID: PMC5537262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed integrative analysis of genes associated with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) associated complications by automated text mining with manual curation and also gene expression analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus. They were analysed for pathogenic or protective role, trends, interaction with risk factors, Gene Ontology enrichment and tissue wise differential expression. The database T2DiACoD houses 650 genes, and 34 microRNAs associated with T2DM complications. Seven genes AGER, TNFRSF11B, CRK, PON1, ADIPOQ, CRP and NOS3 are associated with all 5 complications. Several genes are studied in multiple years in all complications with high proportion in cardiovascular (75.8%) and atherosclerosis (51.3%). T2DM Patients' skeletal muscle tissues showed high fold change in differentially expressed genes. Among the differentially expressed genes, VEGFA is associated with several complications of T2DM. A few genes ACE2, ADCYAP1, HDAC4, NCF1, NFE2L2, OSM, SMAD1, TGFB1, BDNF, SYVN1, TXNIP, CD36, CYP2J2, NLRP3 with details of protective role are catalogued. Obesity is clearly a dominant risk factor interacting with the genes of T2DM complications followed by inflammation, diet and stress to variable extents. This information emerging from the integrative approach used in this work could benefit further therapeutic approaches. The T2DiACoD is available at www.http://t2diacod.igib.res.in/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Rani
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Inna Mittal
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Atreyi Pramanik
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Namita Singh
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Namita Dube
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Smriti Sharma
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Bhanwar Lal Puniya
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Muthukurussi Varieth Raghunandanan
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ahmed Mobeen
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IGIB South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- G N Ramachandran Knowledge of Centre, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Room No. 130, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110025, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IGIB South Campus, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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43
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Cui S, Zhu Y, Du J, Khan MN, Wang B, Wei J, Cheng JW, Gordon JR, Mu Y, Li F. CXCL8 Antagonist Improves Diabetic Nephropathy in Male Mice With Diabetes and Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Mesangial Injury. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1671-1684. [PMID: 28387853 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is recognized as a crucial contribution to diabetic nephropathy (DN). CXCL8 binds to its CXC chemokine receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2) for recruiting neutrophil infiltration and initiates tissue inflammation. Therefore, we explored the effect of CXCR1 and CXCR2 inhibition on DN. This was achieved by CXCL8(3-72)K11R/G31P (G31P), an antagonist of CXCL8 that has exhibited therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory diseases and malignancies. In this study, we found that renal leukocyte accumulation and rapid increases of CXCL8 occurred in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. G31P effectively reduced urine volume, urine albumin/creatinine ratio, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine clearance rate in mice with diabetes. In addition, renal histopathologic changes including mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, and extracellular matrix deposition were partially moderated in G31P-treated diabetic mice. Furthermore, G31P attenuated renal inflammation and renal fibrosis of diabetic mice by inhibiting proinflammatory and profibrotic elements. G31P also inhibited high glucose-induced inflammatory and fibrotic factor upregulation in human renal mesangial cells. At the molecular level, G31P inhibited activation of CXCR1/2 downstream signaling JAK2/STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathways in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our results suggest blockade of CXCR1/2 by G31P could confer renoprotective effects that offer potential therapeutic opportunities in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cui
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Muhammad Noman Khan
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
| | - Jya-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, 999079 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - John R Gordon
- Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yutian Mu
- College of Biology Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, China
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Pichler R, Afkarian M, Dieter BP, Tuttle KR. Immunity and inflammation in diabetic kidney disease: translating mechanisms to biomarkers and treatment targets. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F716-F731. [PMID: 27558558 PMCID: PMC6109808 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00314.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing incidences of obesity and diabetes have made diabetic kidney disease (DKD) the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease worldwide. Despite current pharmacological treatments, including strategies for optimizing glycemic control and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, DKD still makes up almost one-half of all cases of end-stage renal disease in the United States. Compelling and mounting evidence has clearly demonstrated that immunity and inflammation play a paramount role in the pathogenesis of DKD. This article reviews the involvement of the immune system in DKD and identifies important roles of key immune and inflammatory mediators. One of the most recently identified biomarkers is serum amyloid A, which appears to be relatively specific for DKD. Novel and evolving treatment approaches target protein kinases, transcription factors, chemokines, adhesion molecules, growth factors, advanced glycation end-products, and other inflammatory molecules. This is the beginning of a new era in the understanding and treatment of DKD, and we may have finally reached a tipping point in our fight against the growing burden of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Pichler
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
| | - Maryam Afkarian
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Brad P Dieter
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington
| | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington
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Shi JX, Wang QJ, Li H, Huang Q. SIRT4 overexpression protects against diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting podocyte apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:342-348. [PMID: 28123512 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a diabetic complication associated with capillary damage and increased mortality. Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) plays an important role in mitochondrial function and the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including aging kidneys. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between SIRT4 and diabetic nephropathy in a glucose-induced mouse podocyte model. A CCK-8 assay showed that glucose simulation significantly inhibited podocyte proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis showed that the mRNA and protein levels of SIRT4 were notably decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in glucose-simulated podocytes. However, SIRT4 overexpression increased proliferation and suppressed apoptosis, which was accompanied by increases in mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, SIRT4 overexpression downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins NOX1, Bax and phosphorylated p38 and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2 in glucose-simulated podocytes. In addition, SIRT4 overexpression significantly attenuated the inflammatory response, indicated by reductions in the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. These results demonstrate for the first time that the overexpression of SIRT4 prevents glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis and ROS production and suggest that podocyte apoptosis represents an early pathological mechanism leading to diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xia Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Jin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Liu F, Zong M, Wen X, Li X, Wang J, Wang Y, Jiang W, Li X, Guo Z, Qi H. Silencing of Histone Deacetylase 9 Expression in Podocytes Attenuates Kidney Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33676. [PMID: 27633396 PMCID: PMC5025656 DOI: 10.1038/srep33676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte dysfunction is important in the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been recently proved to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of DN. As one subtype of the class IIa HDACs, HDAC9 is capable to repress/de-repress their target genes in tumor, inflammation, atherosclerosis and metabolic diseases. In the present study, we investigate whether HDAC9 is involved in the pathophysiologic process of DN, especially the podocyte injury. Firstly, we explored the expression patterns and localization of HDAC9 and found that HDAC9 expression was significantly up-regulated in high glucose (HG)-treated mouse podocytes, as well as kidney tissues from diabetic db/db mice and patients with DN. Secondly, knockdown of HDAC9 in mouse podocytes significantly suppressed HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell apoptosis and inflammation through JAK2/STAT3 pathway and reduced the podocytes injury by decreasing the expression levels of Nephrin and Podocin. Moreover, in diabetic db/db mice, silencing of HDAC9 attenuated the glomerulosclerosis, inflammatory cytokine release, podocyte apoptosis and renal injury. Collectively, these data indicate that HDAC9 may be involved in the process of DN, especially podocyte injury. Our study suggest that inhibition of HDAC9 may have a therapeutic potential in DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zong
- Department of Laboratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Wen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezhu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualin Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cytokines profile and its correlation with endothelial damage and oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. Immunol Res 2016; 64:951-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yang J, Kan M, Wu GY. Bergenin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in rats via suppressing renal inflammation and TGF-β1-Smads pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:145-52. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2016.1142560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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McKie EA, Reid JL, Mistry PC, DeWall SL, Abberley L, Ambery PD, Gil-Extremera B. A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of an Anti-Interleukin-18 Monoclonal Antibody in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150018. [PMID: 26930607 PMCID: PMC4773233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence suggests that chronic subclinical inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-18 appear to be associated with a number of micro- and macrovascular comorbidities of obesity and T2DM. This study was designed to investigate whether inhibition of IL-18 had any therapeutic benefit in the treatment of T2DM. Preliminary efficacy, safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the anti-IL-18 monoclonal antibody, GSK1070806, were assessed. Research Design and Methods This was a multicentre, randomized, single-blind (sponsor-unblinded), placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase IIa trial. Obese patients of either sex, aged 18–70 years, with poorly controlled T2DM on metformin monotherapy were recruited. Patients received two doses, of placebo (n = 12), GSK1070806 0.25 mg/kg (n = 13) or GSK1070806 5 mg/kg (n = 12). The primary end-point was the change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose and weighted mean glucose area under the curve (AUC)(0–4 hours) postmixed meal test on Days 29, 57, and 85. Results Thirty-seven patients were randomized to one of the three treatment arms. There were no statistically significant effects of GSK1070806 doses on fasting plasma glucose levels, or weighted mean glucose AUC(0–4 hours) compared with placebo. Conclusions GSK1070806 was well tolerated, and inhibition of IL-18 did not lead to any improvements in glucose control. However, because of study limitations, smaller, potentially clinically meaningful effects of IL-18 inhibition cannot be excluded. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01648153
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliet L. Reid
- Immunoinflammation Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen L. DeWall
- Clinical Immunology, Biopharm R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lee Abberley
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Philip D. Ambery
- GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical development, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicines Development Centre, London, United Kingdom
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Peng L, Li J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Du H, Shao J, Liu Z. The Protective Effect of Beraprost Sodium on Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting Inflammation and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:1690474. [PMID: 27212945 PMCID: PMC4860249 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1690474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays a crucial role in regulating signaling pathways implicated in inflammatory processes leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aimed to examine p38 MAPK activation in DN and determine whether beraprost sodium (BPS) ameliorates DN by inhibiting inflammation and p38 MAPK signaling pathway in diabetic rats. Methods. Forty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, type 2 diabetic group, and BPS treatment group. At the end of the 8-week experiment, we measured renal pathological changes and the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and inflammation. Result. After BPS treatment, renal function, 24-hour urine protein, lipid profiles, and blood glucose level were improved significantly; meanwhile, inflammation and the expression of p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the diabetic kidney were attenuated. Conclusions. BPS significantly prevented type 2 diabetes induced kidney injury characterized by renal dysfunction and pathological changes. The protective mechanisms are complicated but may be mainly attributed to the inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and inflammation in the diabetic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yixing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Yangtian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command (Jinling Hospital), 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
- *Jiaqing Shao:
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
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