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Alleva DG, Delpero AR, Sathiyaseelan T, Murikipudi S, Lancaster TM, Atkinson MA, Wasserfall CH, Yu L, Ragupathy R, Bonami RH, Zion TC. An antigen-specific immunotherapeutic, AKS-107, deletes insulin-specific B cells and prevents murine autoimmune diabetes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367514. [PMID: 38515750 PMCID: PMC10954819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The antigen-presenting cell function of insulin-reactive B cells promotes type 1 diabetes (T1D) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice by stimulating pathogenic T cells leading to destruction of insulin-producing β-cells of pancreatic islets. Methods/Results To target insulin-reactive B cells, AKS-107, a human IgG1 Fc molecule fused with human insulin A and B chains, was engineered to retain conformational insulin epitopes that bound mouse and human B cell receptors but prevented binding to the insulin metabolic receptor. AKS-107 Fc-mediated deletion of insulin-reactive B cells was demonstrated via ex vivo and in vivo experiments with insulin-reactive B cell receptor transgenic mouse strains, VH125Tg/NOD and Tg125(H+L)/NOD. As an additional immune tolerance feature, the Y16A mutation of the insulin B(9-23) dominant T cell epitope was engineered into AKS-107 to suppress activation of insulin-specific T cells. In mice and non-human primates, AKS-107 was well-tolerated, non-immunogenic, did not cause hypoglycemia even at high doses, and showed an expectedly protracted pharmacokinetic profile. AKS-107 reproducibly prevented spontaneous diabetes from developing in NOD and VH125Tg/NOD mice that persisted for months after cessation of treatment, demonstrating durable immune tolerance. Discussion These preclinical outcomes position AKS-107 for clinical development in T1D prevention settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Alleva
- Department of Pharmacology, Akston Biosciences, Inc., Beverly, MA, United States
| | - Andrea R. Delpero
- Department of Pharmacology, Akston Biosciences, Inc., Beverly, MA, United States
| | | | - Sylaja Murikipudi
- Department of Pharmacology, Akston Biosciences, Inc., Beverly, MA, United States
| | - Thomas M. Lancaster
- Department of Pharmacology, Akston Biosciences, Inc., Beverly, MA, United States
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and Diabetes Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Clive H. Wasserfall
- Departments of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, and Diabetes Institute, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ramya Ragupathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Akston Biosciences, Inc., Beverly, MA, United States
| | - Rachel H. Bonami
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Todd C. Zion
- Department of Pharmacology, Akston Biosciences, Inc., Beverly, MA, United States
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Tiberti C, Nenna R, Tromba V, Filardi T, Petrarca L, Silvestri F, Fassino V, Montuori M, Mancino E, Lenzi A, Midulla F, Costantino F, Morano S. No effects of COVID-19 on the development of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity and no evidence of an increased frequency of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients relative to healthy subjects. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:1301-1307. [PMID: 37171699 PMCID: PMC10175916 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-023-02103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies frequency at diagnosis of T1D during pandemic. METHODS The presence of T1D-specific autoimmunity was evaluated in a cohort of 99 children and adolescents without diabetes that contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the frequency of IgM- and IgG-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was evaluated in 41 newly diagnosed T1D patients not yet vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 disease, collected during the pandemic, compared to healthy subjects (CTRL). RESULTS None of the 99 patients that contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pandemic period was found positive for T1D autoantibodies. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was not significantly different in patients newly diagnosed with T1D (12.2%), compared with CTRL (8.4%). Among SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive T1D patients, 80% were target of diabetes autoantibodies and 60% had another concomitant autoimmune disease. Among the CTRL subjects positive for SARS-CoV-2Abs (n = 10), none was found positive for T1D autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study do not confirm, at least in the short term, a role of COVID-19 as a potential trigger of T1D autoimmunity and do not provide evidence of an increased frequency of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in newly diagnosed T1D patients in comparison with healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tiberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Nenna
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Tromba
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Filardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Silvestri
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Fassino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Montuori
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Mancino
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Costantino
- Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Morano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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3
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Ultrasensitive early detection of insulin antibody employing novel electrochemical nano-biosensor based on controllable electro-fabrication process. Talanta 2022; 238:122947. [PMID: 34857352 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive novel electrochemical nano-biosensor for rapid detection of insulin antibodies against diabetes antigens was developed in this research. The presence of insulin antibodies has been demonstrated to be a strong predictor for the development of type 1 diabetes in individuals who do not have diabetes but are genetically predisposed. The proposed nano-biosensor fabrication process was based on the optimized sequential electropolymerization of polyaniline and electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on the surface of the functionalized gold electrode. The morphological and chemical characterization of the modified electrode was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and micro Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the role of each component in the modification of the electrode was studied by electrochemical methods systematically. After immobilizing insulin antigen and blocking with bovine serum albumin, the nano-biosensor was used for determining different concentrations of insulin antibody under the optimal conditions. This nano-biosensor could respond to insulin antibody with a linear calibration range from 0.001 ng ml-1 to 1000 ng ml-1 with the detection limit of 0.017 pg ml-1 and 0.034 pg ml-1 and selectivity of 18.544 μA ng-1 ml.cm-2 and 31.808 μA ng-1 ml.cm-2 via differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry, respectively. This novel nano-biosensor exhibited a short response time, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility. It was successfully used in determining the insulin antibody in human samples with a standard error of less than 0.178. Therefore, the nano-biosensor has the potential for the application of early detection of type 1 diabetes. To our best knowledge, label-free electrochemical detection of insulin antibody based on immunosensor is developed for the first time.
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Bhola S, Cave EM, Bhana S, Crowther NJ, Padoa CJ. Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) autoantibody prevalence in black South African participants with type 1 diabetes. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:151. [PMID: 34271898 PMCID: PMC8285837 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoantibodies to β-cell specific antigens are markers of type 1 diabetes. The most recently identified autoantibodies are targeted to the zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) protein located in the membrane of β-cell insulin secretory granules. The prevalence of ZnT8 autoantibodies in newly diagnosed participants with type 1 diabetes has been found to range from 33 to 80 %. Due to the lack of data on the immunological aetiology of type 1 diabetes in African populations, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of ZnT8 autoantibodies in black South Africans with type 1 diabetes and whether ZnT8 autoantibody positivity was associated with age at diagnosis and disease duration. METHODS Participants with type 1 diabetes and controls were recruited from the greater Johannesburg area, South Africa. Positivity for ZnT8, GAD65 and IA2 autoantibodies was determined by ELISA. RESULTS Participants with type 1 diabetes (n = 183) and controls (n = 49) were matched for age (29.1 ± 9.53 vs. 27.3 ± 7.29, respectively; p = 0.248). The mean age at diagnosis for participants with type 1 diabetes was 20.8 ± 8.46 years. The prevalence of ZnT8 autoantibody positivity was 17.5 % (32 of 183) in participants with type 1 diabetes with a median disease duration of 7.00 [2.00; 11.0] years. ZnT8 autoantibody prevalence in newly diagnosed participants (< 1 year duration) was 27.3 % (6 of 22). Logistic regression analysis found an association between ZnT8 autoantibody positivity and shorter disease duration (OR: 0.9 (0.81-1.00); p = 0.042). In addition, ZnT8 autoantibody positivity was significantly associated with an increased chance of being GAD65 (OR: 3.37 (1.10-10.3)) and IA2 (OR: 8.63 (2.82-26.4)) autoantibody positive. Multiple regression analysis found no association between ZnT8 autoantibody positivity and age at diagnosis. However, the presence of ≥ 2 autoantibodies was associated with a younger age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes when compared to participants with ≤ 1 autoantibody (B = -5.270; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The presence of ZnT8 autoantibodies was not related to a younger age at diagnosis in black South African patients with type 1 diabetes. However, the greater the numbers of autoantibodies present in an individual the earlier the age at diagnosis. ZnT8 autoantibodies decline with disease duration in the black South African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureka Bhola
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Eleanor M Cave
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sindeep Bhana
- Department of Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Carolyn J Padoa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Tiberti C, Montuori M, Trovato CM, Panimolle F, Filardi T, Valitutti F, Lenzi A, Cucchiara S, Morano S. Gluten-free diet impact on dynamics of pancreatic islet-specific autoimmunity detected at celiac disease diagnosis. Pediatr Diabetes 2020; 21:774-780. [PMID: 32418261 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Almost 6% of celiac disease (CD) patients at diagnosis are positive for at least one of the main pancreatic islet autoantibodies that characterize type 1 diabetes (T1D). Few information, dated back to almost two decades ago, exist as to whether a gluten-free diet (GFD) could reduce the islet-specific autoimmunity detected in patients at CD diagnosis. Aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of GFD on 31 patients who presented islet-specific autoimmunity at CD diagnosis. METHODS CD patient sera collected at diagnosis and throughout the GFD were analyzed for the main humoral autoantibodies so far identified in T1D, directed against one or more among insulin, glutamic-acid decarboxylase, tyrosine-phosphatase 2, and zinc cation-efflux transporter autoantigens. RESULTS GFD (median duration 39 months) was associated to a decrease or disappearance of the islet-specific autoantibodies in 71% of CD patients. Almost 80% of the patients who became autoantibody-negative during the GFD were positive for only one of the islet-specific autoimmune markers at CD diagnosis, with none of them developing diabetes. Conversely, 80% of the CD patients positive at diagnosis for ≥2 islet-specific autoantibodies were still positive after more than two years of GFD, with 25% of them developing T1D. CONCLUSIONS Various factors appear to influence, individually or in combination, the effects of the GFD on pancreatic islet-specific autoimmune response detected at CD diagnosis. These factors include the number of diabetes autoantibodies found at CD diagnosis, the adherence to the GFD, its duration and an asymptomatic clinical presentation of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tiberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Montuori
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Trovato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Panimolle
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Filardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Valitutti
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology, and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Morano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Tiberti C, Panimolle F, Borghini R, Montuori M, Trovato CM, Filardi T, Lenzi A, Picarelli A. Type 1 diabetes, thyroid, gastric and adrenal humoral autoantibodies are present altogether in almost one third of adult celiac patients at diagnosis, with a higher frequency than children and adolescent celiac patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:549-554. [PMID: 32393142 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1754898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: No data are available on the frequency of organ-specific humoral autoimmunity at diagnosis of adult celiac disease (CD).Aim: To evaluate the humoral immunoreactivities specific of type 1 diabetes (T1D), thyroid (THD), atrophic-gastritis (AG) and Addison's (AD) diseases in 92 adult CD patients at diagnosis and 237 adult healthy subjects (CTRL).Methods: T1D, THD and AD specific autoantibodies were analyzed by radioimmunoprecipitation assays. AG autoantibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Of 92 CD patients, 31.5% were positive for at least one of the organ-specific autoantibodies investigated (p < .0001 vs CTRL). Thyroid, diabetes, gastric and adrenal-autoantibodies, that increase with age at diagnosis, were detected in 12.0%, 10.9%, 10.9%, 2.2% of CD patients, respectively. Gastric- and diabetes- rather than thyroid- and adrenal-autoimmunity seem to be specifically related to presence of CD.Conclusions: One third of adult CD patients at diagnosis is target of at least one organ-specific autoantibody. A systematic organ-specific autoantibody screening in these patients might be of value to promptly identify, prevent or treat the relative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tiberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Panimolle
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borghini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Montuori
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Trovato
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Filardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Picarelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Specialties, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Tiberti C, Zampetti S, Capoccia D, Campagna G, Lucantoni F, Anastasi E, Pallotta L, Panimolle F, Leto G, Lenzi A, Leonetti F, Buzzetti R. Evidence of diabetes-specific autoimmunity in obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34:e3055. [PMID: 30129269 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, significant attention has been paid to the possible activation of an autoimmune response in the presence of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the frequencies of autoantibodies typical of autoimmune diabetes in obese patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and controls. We also evaluated the presence of immunoreactivity to Hashimoto's thyroiditis and autoimmune gastritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive sera from obese patients, 444 with NGT, 322 with T2D, and 212 controls were analysed by radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for glutamic acid decarboxylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase islet antigen-2 (IA-2)IC and IA-2(256-760) , islet beta-cell zinc cation transporter (ZnT8), thyroid peroxidase, and anti-parietal cell autoantibodies. RESULTS Altogether the presence of organ-specific autoantibodies was significantly more frequent in obese patients with NGT (128/444, 28.5%) and obese with T2D (79/322, 24.5%) than in controls (36/212, 17%; P = 0.002). Thyroid peroxidase immunoreactivity was prevalent in all groups of subjects investigated. The frequencies of diabetes-specific autoantibodies were slightly higher in obese patients with NGT (20/444, 4.5%) than in obese with T2D (12/322, 3.7%) and controls (4/212, 1.9%). The anti IA-2(256-760) was the most frequent islet autoantibody in obese subjects with NGT (14/20, 70%). CONCLUSIONS We observed significant evidence of immunoreactivity specific to diabetes, thyroid, and gastric-parietal cells in obese patients with NGT. The relatively higher frequency of the diabetes-related IA-2(256-760) autoantibodies in obese patients with NGT may suggest that this autoantibody could be associated with obesity the presence of obesity itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tiberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Zampetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Capoccia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campagna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Anastasi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pallotta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Leto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
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Panimolle F, Tiberti C, Granato S, Anzuini A, Pozza C, Lenzi A, Radicioni AF. Evidence of increased humoral endocrine organ-specific autoimmunity in severe and classic X-chromosome aneuploidies in comparison with 46,XY control subjects. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:175-182. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1477134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Panimolle
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiberti
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Granato
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Anzuini
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pozza
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio F. Radicioni
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Center of Rare Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Padma-Malini R, Rathika C, Ramgopal S, Murali V, Dharmarajan P, Pushkala S, Balakrishnan K. Associations of CTLA4 +49 A/G Dimorphism and HLA-DRB1*/DQB1* Alleles With Type 1 Diabetes from South India. Biochem Genet 2018; 56:489-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-018-9856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wan H, Merriman C, Atkinson MA, Wasserfall CH, Mcgrail KM, Liang Y, Fu D, Dai H. Proteoliposome-based full-length ZnT8 self-antigen for type 1 diabetes diagnosis on a plasmonic platform. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10196-10201. [PMID: 28874568 PMCID: PMC5617307 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711169114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Identified as a major biomarker for type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis, zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) has shown promise for staging disease risk and disease diagnosis. However, existing assays for ZnT8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) are limited to detection by soluble domains of ZnT8, owing to difficulties in maintaining proper folding of a full-length ZnT8 protein outside its native membrane environment. Through a combined bioengineering and nanotechnology approach, we have developed a proteoliposome-based full-length ZnT8 self-antigen (full-length ZnT8 proteoliposomes; PLR-ZnT8) for efficient detection of ZnT8A on a plasmonic gold chip (pGOLD). The protective lipid matrix of proteoliposomes improved the proper folding and structural stability of full-length ZnT8, helping PLR-ZnT8 immobilized on pGOLD (PLR-ZnT8/pGOLD) achieve high-affinity capture of ZnT8A from T1D sera. Our PLR-ZnT8/pGOLD exhibited efficient ZnT8A detection for T1D diagnosis with ∼76% sensitivity and ∼97% specificity (n = 307), superior to assays based on detergent-solubilized full-length ZnT8 and the C-terminal domain of ZnT8. Multiplexed assays using pGOLD were also developed for simultaneous detection of ZnT8A, islet antigen 2 autoantibody, and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody for diagnosing T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Bio-X, and the Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengfeng Merriman
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275
| | - Kieran M Mcgrail
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dax Fu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205;
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Bio-X, and the Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
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Maddaloni E, Pastore G, Del Buono MG, Porcari A, Fittipaldi M, Garilli F, Tiberti C, Angeletti S, Pozzilli P, Mottini G, Napoli N. High Prevalence of Autoimmune Diabetes and Poor Glycaemic Control among Adults in Madagascar: A Brief Report from a Humanitarian Health Campaign in Ambanja. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3860674. [PMID: 29018826 PMCID: PMC5606056 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3860674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Madagascar is a geographically isolated country considered a biodiversity hotspot with unique genomics. Both the low-income and the geographical isolation represent risk factors for the development of diabetes. During a humanitarian health campaign conducted in Ambanja, a rural city in the northern part of Madagascar, we identified 42 adult subjects with diabetes and compared their features to 24 randomly enrolled healthy controls. 42.9% (n = 18) of diabetic subjects showed HbA1c values ≥ 9.0%. Unexpectedly, waist circumference and BMI were similar in people with diabetes and controls. Different from the healthy controls, diabetic subjects showed a low prevalence of obesity (5.7% versus 30%, p = 0.02). Accordingly, we found a high prevalence of autoimmune diabetes as 12% of people with diabetes showed positivity for the autoantibody against glutamic acid decarboxylase. Diabetic subjects with positive autoantibody had higher HbA1c values (11.3 ± 4.1% versus 8.3 ± 2.6%, p = 0.03) compared to diabetic subjects with negative autoantibody. In conclusion, here we describe the presence of diabetes and its features in a rural area of Northern Madagascar, documenting poor glycaemic control and a high prevalence of autoimmune diabetes. These data highlight that the diabetes epidemic involves every corner of the world possibly with different patterns and features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Maddaloni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanlorenzo Pastore
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aldostefano Porcari
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fittipaldi
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Garilli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiberti
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Angeletti
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mottini
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Endocrinology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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12
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von Oettingen JE, Wolfsdorf JI, Feldman HA, Rhodes ET. Utility of diabetes-associated autoantibodies for classification of new onset diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17:417-25. [PMID: 26315669 PMCID: PMC5318301 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether measuring diabetes-associated autoantibodies (DAA) in pediatric new onset diabetes (NODM) can be restricted to patients with equivocal diabetes type. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of all patients with NODM admitted to Boston Children's Hospital from 1 October 2007 to 1 July 2013 who had measurement of DAA [glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulin, insulinoma-associated antigen 2 (IA-2)]. Data collection included initial diagnosis of diabetes type before DAA results and at follow-up. We used logistic regression to predict type 1 diabetes (T1D) and developed a clinical score to classify diabetes type. RESULTS Of 1089 patients (45.4% female, 76.7% White, age 10.6 ± 4.5 yr), initial diagnosis was 1021 (93.8%) T1D, 42 (3.9%) type 2 diabetes (T2D), and 26 (2.4%) other. Of 993 patients with clinical T1D, 78 (7.9%) were DAA-, and of 42 patients with clinical T2D, 12 (28.6%) were DAA+. Type of diabetes was reclassified at follow-up in less than 6% of patients. Data from a subset of 736 patients were used to develop a scoring system to predict T1D. Using weight z-score, age, and race, the scoring system had 91.7% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and a positive predictive value of 98.6%, and suggested DAA measurement was unnecessary in 85.3% of patients. Findings were similar in a validation cohort of 234 patients. CONCLUSIONS Application of a simple scoring system may reduce to ∼15% the number of DAA measurements needed to classify diabetes type, resulting in substantial cost savings. Clinical judgment should guide the decision to measure DAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E von Oettingen
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph I Wolfsdorf
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erinn T Rhodes
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Rapid recognition and functional analysis of membrane proteins on human cancer cells using atomic force microscopy. J Immunol Methods 2016; 436:41-9. [PMID: 27374866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physicochemical properties of cell surface signalling molecules is important for us to uncover the underlying mechanisms that guide the cellular behaviors. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a powerful tool for detecting the molecular interactions on individual cells with nanometer resolution. In this paper, AFM peak force tapping (PFT) imaging mode was applied to rapidly locate and visually map the CD20 molecules on human lymphoma cells using biochemically sensitive tips. First, avidin-biotin system was used to test the effectiveness of using PFT imaging mode to probe the specific molecular interactions. The adhesion images obtained on avidin-coated mica using biotin-tethered tips obviously showed the recognition spots which corresponded to the avidins in the simultaneously obtained topography images. The experiments confirmed the specificity and reproducibility of the recognition results. Then, the established procedure was applied to visualize the nanoscale organization of CD20s on the surface of human lymphoma Raji cells using rituximab (a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody)-tethered tips. The experiments showed that the recognition spots in the adhesion images corresponded to the specific CD20-rituximab interactions. The cluster sizes of CD20s on lymphoma Raji cells were quantitatively analyzed from the recognition images. Finally, under the guidance of fluorescence recognition, the established procedure was applied to cancer cells from a clinical lymphoma patient. The results showed that there were significant differences between the adhesion images obtained on cancer cells and on normal cells (red blood cell). The CD20 distributions on ten cancer cells from the patient were quantified according to the adhesion images. The experimental results demonstrate the capability of applying PFT imaging to rapidly investigate the nanoscale biophysical properties of native membrane proteins on the cell surface, which is of potential significance in developing novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and drug development.
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14
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Qin W, Liang YZ, Qin BY, Zhang JL, Xia N. The Clinical Significance of Glycoprotein Phospholipase D Levels in Distinguishing Early Stage Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156959. [PMID: 27351175 PMCID: PMC4925120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies have been widely used as markers of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA); however, the specificity and sensitivity of autoantibodies as markers of LADA are weak compared with those found in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). In this study, we aimed to identify other plasma proteins as potential candidates that can be used effectively to determine early stage LADA and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. These issues were addressed by studying new-onset ‘classic’ T1DM (n = 156), LADA (n = 174), T2DM (n = 195) and healthy cohorts (n = 166). Plasma samples were obtained from the four cohorts. We employed isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) together with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify plasma proteins with significant changes in LADA. The changes were validated by Western blot and ELISA analyses. Among the four cohorts, 311 unique proteins were identified in three iTRAQ runs, with 157 present across the three data sets. Among them, 49/311 (16.0%) proteins had significant changes in LADA compared with normal controls, including glycoprotein phospholipase D (GPLD1), which was upregulated in LADA. Western blot and ELISA analyses showed that GPLD1 levels were higher in both LADA and T1DM cohorts than in both T2DM and healthy cohorts, while there were no significant differences in the plasma concentrations of GPLD1 between the LADA and T1DM cohorts. GPLD1 is implicated as a potential candidate plasma protein for determining early stage LADA and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- Department of pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Bao-Yu Qin
- Department of Elderly Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Panimolle F, Tiberti C, Granato S, Semeraro A, Gianfrilli D, Anzuini A, Lenzi A, Radicioni A. Screening of endocrine organ-specific humoral autoimmunity in 47,XXY Klinefelter's syndrome reveals a significant increase in diabetes-specific immunoreactivity in comparison with healthy control men. Endocrine 2016; 52:157-64. [PMID: 25935328 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of humoral endocrine organ-specific autoimmunity in 47,XXY Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) by investigating the autoantibody profile specific to type 1 diabetes (T1DM), Addison's disease (AD), Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), and autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis (AG). Sixty-one adult Caucasian 47,XXY KS patients were tested for autoantibodies specific to T1DM (Insulin Abs, GAD Abs, IA-2 Abs, Znt8 Abs), HT (TPO Abs), AD (21-OH Abs), and AG (APC Abs). Thirty-five of these patients were not undergoing testosterone replacement therapy TRT (Group 1) and the remaining 26 patients started TRT before the beginning of the study (Group 2). KS autoantibody frequencies were compared to those found in 122 control men. Six of 61 KS patients (9.8 %) were positive for at least one endocrine autoantibody, compared to 6.5 % of controls. Interestingly, KS endocrine immunoreactivity was directed primarily against diabetes-specific autoantigens (8.2 %), with a significantly higher frequency than in controls (p = 0.016). Two KS patients (3.3 %) were TPO Ab positive, whereas no patients were positive for AD- and AG-related autoantigens. The autoantibody endocrine profile of untreated and treated KS patients was not significantly different. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that endocrine humoral immunoreactivity is not rare in KS patients and that it is more frequently directed against type 1 diabetes-related autoantigens, thus suggesting the importance of screening for organ-specific autoimmunity in clinical practice. Follow-up studies are needed to establish if autoantibody-positive KS patients will develop clinical T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Panimolle
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center of Rare Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Tiberti
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center of Rare Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Granato
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center of Rare Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Semeraro
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center of Rare Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center of Rare Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Anzuini
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center of Rare Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center of Rare Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Radicioni
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Center of Rare Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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16
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Nayak DK, Calderon B, Vomund AN, Unanue ER. ZnT8-reactive T cells are weakly pathogenic in NOD mice but can participate in diabetes under inflammatory conditions. Diabetes 2014; 63:3438-48. [PMID: 24812429 PMCID: PMC4171664 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies to the islet-specific Zn transporter ZnT8 (Slc30a8), as well as CD4 T cells, have been identified in patients with type 1 diabetes. Here we examined for CD4 T-cell reactivity to ZnT8 epitopes in the NOD mouse. Immunization with a cytoplasmic domain of the protein or with peptides predicted to bind to I-A(g7) resulted in a CD4 T-cell response, indicating a lack of deletional tolerance. However, presentation by intraislet antigen-presenting cells (APC) to the T cells was not detectable in prediabetic mice. Presentation by islet APC was found only in islets of mice with active diabetes. In accordance, a culture assay indicated the weak transfer of ZnT8 reactivity from insulinomas or primary β-cells to APC for presentation to T cells. A T cell directed to one peptide (345-359) resulted in the transfer of diabetes, but only in conditions in which the recipient NOD mice or NOD.Rag1(-/-) mice were subjected to light irradiation. In late diabetic NOD mice, CD4 T cells were found as well as a weak antibody response. We conclude that in NOD mice, ZnT8 is a minor diabetogenic antigen that can participate in diabetes in conditions in which the islet is first made receptive to immunological insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Nayak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Boris Calderon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Anthony N Vomund
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Emil R Unanue
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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17
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Kuehn C, Vermette P, Fülöp T. Cross talk between the extracellular matrix and the immune system in the context of endocrine pancreatic islet transplantation. A review article. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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von Herrath M, Peakman M, Roep B. Progress in immune-based therapies for type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:186-202. [PMID: 23574316 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-based therapies that prevent type 1 diabetes or preserve metabolic function remaining at diagnosis have become a major objective for funding agencies and international trial consortia, and receive backing from notable patient advocate groups. The development of immune-based therapeutic strategies in this arena requires a careful balancing of the risks of the therapy against the potential benefits, because many individuals are diagnosed or identified as being at increased risk of disease in early childhood, a period when manipulation of the developing immune system should be undertaken with caution. In addition, a therapy exists (daily insulin injection) that is life-saving in the acute stages of disease and can be used effectively over a lifetime as maintenance. Conversely, the disease is increasing in incidence; is peaking in ever-younger age groups; carries significant risk of increased morbidity and early mortality; and remains difficult to manage effectively in many settings. With these issues in mind, in this article we review progress towards immune-based strategies for this chronic autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M von Herrath
- Center for Type 1 Diabetes Research, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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19
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Ahmed ST, Akirav E, Bradshaw E, Buckner J, McKinney E, Quintana FJ, Waldron-Lynch F, Nepom J. Immunological biomarkers: catalysts for translational advances in autoimmune diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:178-85. [PMID: 23574315 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent workshop organized by the JDRF focused on the 'Identification and Utilization of Robust Biomarkers in Type1 Diabetes', leaders in the field of type 1 diabetes (T1D)/autoimmunity and assay technology came together from academia, government and industry to assess the current state of the field, evaluate available resources/technologies and identify gaps that need to be filled for moving the field of T1D research forward. The highlights of this workshop are discussed in this paper, as well as the proposal for a larger, planned consortium effort, incorporating a JDRF Biomarker Core, to foster collaboration and accelerate progress in this critically needed area of T1D research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Ahmed
- JDRF, 26, Broadway, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10004, USA.
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20
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Rewers M. The next big idea. Diabetes Technol Ther 2013; 15 Suppl 2:S2-29-S2-36. [PMID: 23786296 PMCID: PMC3676661 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2013.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
George S. Eisenbarth will remain in our memories as a brilliant scientist and great collaborator. His quest to discover the cause and prevention of type 1 (autoimmune) diabetes started from building predictive models based on immunogenetic markers. Despite his tremendous contributions to our understanding of the natural history of pre-type 1 diabetes and potential mechanisms, George left us with several big questions to answer before his quest is completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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21
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Massa O, Alessio M, Russo L, Nardo G, Bonetto V, Bertuzzi F, Paladini A, Iafusco D, Patera P, Federici G, Not T, Tiberti C, Bonfanti R, Barbetti F. Serological Proteome Analysis (SERPA) as a tool for the identification of new candidate autoantigens in type 1 diabetes. J Proteomics 2013; 82:263-73. [PMID: 23500132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies directed against proteins of islet beta-cell. Autoantibody testing is used for diagnostic purposes; however, up to 2-5% of patients who are clinically diagnosed with T1D are found negative for known antibodies, suggesting that the T1D autoantigen panel is incomplete. With the aim of identifying new T1D autoantigen(s), we used sera from subjects clinically diagnosed with T1D, but who tested negative for the four T1D autoantibodies currently used in clinical practice and for genes responsible for sporadic cases of diabetes. Sera from these patients were challenged by Western blot against the proteome from human pancreatic beta-cells resolved by 2DE. Eleven proteins were identified by MS. A radiobinding assay (RBA) was developed to test the reactivity to Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor beta (GDIβ) of T1D sera using an independent method. Depending on the construct used (open reading frame or COOH-terminus) 22% to 32% of fifty T1D sera showed increased binding to GDIβ by RBA. In addition, 15% of patients with celiac disease had raised binding to the COOH-terminus GDIβ. These results indicate that immunoproteomics is a feasible strategy for the identification of candidate T1D autoantigens. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Several approaches have been previously used to look for new type 1 diabetes autoantigens. With the present work we show that carefully selected sera from rare patients with diabetes both negative for the 5 autoantibodies currently used in clinical practice and for genes responsible for sporadic cases of diabetes, may be exploited in experiments utilizing human pancreatic islets extracts as a target for SERPA to identify novel candidate T1D autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Massa
- Laboratory of Mendelian Diabetes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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22
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Abstract
Following almost 30 years of intensive research, initiated by the observation that Type 1 diabetes development is associated with a characteristic pancreatic immune cell infiltrate, a picture is emerging of which of the diverse effector arms of the immune system are involved in β-cell destruction. Like any chronic pathology, there is considerable complexity, and our ability to model the disease is hampered by a lack of ready access to the target organ and limited longitudinal analyses. However, it seems that putative pathways can start to be ruled in and out, in part as a result of focused mechanistic studies that make use of new technologies, and in part through analysis of the outcomes of clinical trials of new agents aimed at halting the disease process. The picture that emerges suggests a pathway to prevention that may require combinations of therapeutic agents that target different aspects of the immune system and will need to be used with due attention to their risk-benefit profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peakman
- Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, School of Medicine and National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College, London, UK.
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