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Oxidative Stress, Vascular Endothelium, and the Pathology of Neurodegeneration in Retina. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030543. [PMID: 35326193 PMCID: PMC8944517 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between free radicals/ROS and antioxidants, which evokes a biological response and is an important risk factor for diseases, in both the cardiovascular system and central nervous system (CNS). The underlying mechanisms driving pathophysiological complications that arise from OS remain largely unclear. The vascular endothelium is emerging as a primary target of excessive glucocorticoid and catecholamine action. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) has been implicated to play a crucial role in the development of neurodegeneration in the CNS. The retina is known as an extension of the CNS. Stress and endothelium dysfunction are suspected to be interlinked and associated with neurodegenerative diseases in the retina as well. In this narrative review, we explore the role of OS-led ED in the retina by focusing on mechanistic links between OS and ED, ED in the pathophysiology of different retinal neurodegenerative conditions, and how a better understanding of the role of endothelial function could lead to new therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases in the retina.
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Karthiga K, Pal GK, Dasari P, Nanda N, Velkumary S, Chinnakali P. Attenuation of baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability is linked to reduced levels of nitric oxide in pregnant women having risks of developing gestational hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:356-362. [PMID: 33567918 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1883053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Decreased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) have been reported as a cardiovascular (CV) risk in gestational hypertension (GH). Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in pathophysiology of GH. In the present study, we assessed the link of CV risks (decreased BRS and SVI) to the plasma levels of NO in women having risk of developing GH. Materials and Methods: A total of 96 pregnant women having risk factors for GH were recruited for the study. The blood pressure variability (BPV), heart rate variability (HRV), plasma NO, marker of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid risk factors, inflammatory markers (hsCRP, interleukin-6), and malondialdehyde (MDA), the marker of oxidative stress (OS) were measured at 16th and 36th week. Link of various parameters to NO was assessed by correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: Of HRV indices, parasympathetic components were decreased and sympathetic components were increased, BRS was decreased, NO was decreased, HOMA-IR, lipid risk factors, hsCRP, interleukin-6, and MDA were increased significantly at 36th week compared to 16th week of pregnancy. Most of the markers of cardiometabolic risk were correlated with NO. However, only the markers of CV risk (SVI and reduced BRS) were independently associated with decreased level of NO, but not the metabolic markers except interleukin-6. The independent contribution of BRS (β = 0.334, P < .001) to NO was found to be most significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that decreased BRS, SVI, and increased interleukin-6 are associated with reduction in NO in GH, which may possibly be linked to the development of CV risks in GH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Papa Dasari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Biomarker Expression in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020277. [PMID: 33451164 PMCID: PMC7828672 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory sleep disorder characterised by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during the night. This obstruction usually occurs with a reduction (hypopnea) or complete cessation (apnea) of the airflow in the upper airways with the persistence of thoracic-diaphragmatic respiratory movements. During the hypopnea/apnea events, poor alveolar ventilation reduces the oxygen saturation in the arterial blood (SaO2) and a gradual increase in the partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The direct consequence of the intermittent hypoxia is an oxidative imbalance, with reactive oxygen species production and the inflammatory cascade’s activation with pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines growth. Tumour necrosis factors, inflammatory cytokines (IL2, IL4, IL6), lipid peroxidation, and cell-free DNA have been found to increase in OSAS patients. However, even though different risk-related markers have been described and analysed in the literature, it has not yet been clarified whether specified inflammatory bio-markers better correlates with OSAS diagnosis and its clinical evolution/comorbidities. We perform a scientific literature review to discuss inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers currently tested in OSAS patients and their correlation with the disease’s severity and treatment.
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Pirouzeh R, Heidarzadeh-Esfahani N, Morvaridzadeh M, Izadi A, Yosaee S, Potter E, Heshmati J, Pizarro AB, Omidi A, Heshmati S. Effect of DASH diet on oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:2131-2138. [PMID: 33395773 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the main risk factors for several chronic diseases. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) contain many antioxidants and may contribute to managing OS. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impacts of the DASH diet on OS parameters. METHODS A comprehensive electronic search in MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed through September 2020 to find related studies evaluating the impact of the DASH diet on OS parameters. Standardized mean differences were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight studies with a total of 317 subjects met our inclusion criteria. Four studies included in meta-analysis model with 200 participants (100 in treatment and 100 in control group). The DASH diet was associated with a statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: -0.53; 95% CI: -0.89, -0.16; I2 = 42.1%), and a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) (SMD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.03; I2 = 42.1%). Meta-analysis found no statistically significant effect of DASH diet on nitric oxide (NO) (SMD: -1.40; 95% CI: -0.12, 1.93; I2 = 92.6%) or total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (SMD: 0.95; 95% CI: -0.10, 1.99; I2 = 87.6%). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that a DASH diet could significantly increase GSH and decrease MDA levels. Furthermore, there is a trend to improve TAC, NO, and f2-isoprostanes by the adherence to the DASH diet. However, long-term, large sample size and well-designed randomized clinical trials are still needed to draw concrete conclusions about DASH diet's effects on OS parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Pirouzeh
- Department of Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Heidarzadeh-Esfahani
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Somaye Yosaee
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.
| | - Eric Potter
- Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | | | - Amirhosein Omidi
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shilan Heshmati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Impact of Lifestyles (Diet and Exercise) on Vascular Health: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1496462. [PMID: 33062134 PMCID: PMC7533760 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1496462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Healthy lifestyle and diet are associated with significant reduction in risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants are linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Changes in antioxidant capacity of the body may lead to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Diet is an important source of antioxidants, while exercise offers many health benefits as well. Recent findings have evidenced that diet and physical factors are correlated to oxidative stress. Diet and physical factors have debatable roles in modulating oxidative stress and effects on the endothelium. Since endothelium and oxidative stress play critical roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, dietary and physical factors could have significant implications on prevention of the diseases. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the impact of diet manipulation and physical factors on endothelium and oxidative stress, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We discuss the friend-and-foe role of dietary modification (including different diet styles, calorie restriction, and nutrient supplementation) on endothelium and oxidative stress, as well as the potential benefits and concerns of physical activity and exercise on endothelium and oxidative stress. A fine balance between oxidative stress and antioxidants is important for normal functions in the cells and interfering with this balance may lead to unfavorable effects. Further studies are needed to identify the best diet composition and exercise intensity.
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Pourgholi L, Pourgholi F, Ziaee S, Goodarzynejad H, Hosseindokht M, Boroumand M, Mandegary A. The association between CYBA gene C242T variant and risk of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13275. [PMID: 32406080 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The C242T polymorphism (rs4673) in the CYBA gene, as the main components of NAD (P) H oxidase, causes inter-individual variability in the enzyme activity. We aimed to investigate the association between this polymorphism with MetS and its components. METHODS Two hundred nine patients with MetS and 232 controls were included in this study. MetS was defined based on NCEP ATP-III A criteria with some modifications. The C242T polymorphism within CYBA gene was determined by using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS After applying a multiple logistic regression model with adjusting for potential confounders of MetS including, age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, used medications, and diabetes mellitus, C242T polymorphism was found to be associated with the presence of MetS in men but not in the total population or in women. T allele as compared to C allele was associated with decreased odds of MetS in men (adjusted OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.24-0.74; P = .003), but not in women (adjusted OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.07-1.61; P = .890), or in the total population (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.51-1.02; P = .063). CONCLUSION This study shows that T allele of C242T polymorphism in CYBA gene is protective against MetS in Iranian men but not in women. Further cohort studies with larger sample size in subgroups of men and women are required to confirm such association in other racial or ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Pourgholi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourgholi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shayan Ziaee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Goodarzynejad
- Department of Cardiac Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseindokht
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Boroumand
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Buraczynska M, Drop B, Jacob J, Zaluska W. Association between p22PHOX gene C242T polymorphism and hypertension in end-stage kidney disease patients. J Hum Hypertens 2020; 35:49-54. [PMID: 32042072 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in hypertension associated vascular damage. It is mediated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation. The C242T polymorphism in the p22PHOX gene encoding essential subunit of NADPH oxidase was associated with CVD, hypertension, and endothelial function. The aim of this study was to assess a potential association of C242T polymorphism with hypertension in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. DNA samples from 495 patients were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with subsequent cleavage with Rsa I restriction endonuclease. There were no significant differences in genotype and allele distribution between ESKD patients and healthy controls. When patients were stratified into male and female subgroups, there were no differences in the frequency of the T allele (0.35 and 0.34, respectively). Genotype and allele frequencies were also comparable between HY+ and HY- subgroups. We analyzed whether there were any differences between genders in the effect of C242T polymorphism on the presence of hypertension by comparing HY+ males with normotensive males and HY+ females with normotensive females. No difference in polymorphism distribution was found in female subgroup. The significant differences were observed in males. In HY+ subgroup, the frequencies of T allele and TT genotype were higher than in HY- males, with OR 1.91 (1.31-2.8), p = 0.0008 and OR 4.2 (1.67-10.6), p = 0.002, respectively. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate significant association of the p22PHOX gene polymorphism with hypertension in male ESKD patients, with T allele as a risk factor for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartlomiej Drop
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerry Jacob
- Hope Medical Institute, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - Wojciech Zaluska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Yuan B, Yuan W, Wen X, Li C, Gao L, Li B, Wang D, Cui L, Li Y. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYBA gene with coal workers' pneumoconiosis in the Han Chinese population. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 30:492-497. [PMID: 30654669 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1558315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is caused by long-term exposure to inhaled coal dust; it is likely influenced by the interaction between environmental factors and multiple susceptibility genes, such as the CYBA (cytochrome b-245α polypeptide) gene that has recently been identified to be involved in the genetic susceptibility for several pulmonary diseases. The aim of this case-control study was to explore the association between CYBA gene polymorphisms and the development of CWP in coal miners belonging to the Han ethnic group in China. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7195830, rs13306296, rs4673, rs9932581, and rs16966671 of the CYBA gene were analyzed in CWP patients (n = 652) and dust-exposed control subjects (n = 648) using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) on the Sequenom MassARRAY® platform (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA). Results from the present study showed a strong allele association between CWP patients and the CYBA SNP rs7195830 polymorphism (p < .001, OR = 1.550). Using the additive and the dominant model, the CYBA SNP rs7195830 polymorphism also showed significant associations with CWP patients (p < .001, OR = 1.621; p = .003, OR = 1.711, respectively). No statistically significant difference was demonstrated in either the allele or genotype frequencies of the other four examined SNPs (rs13306296, rs4673, rs9932581, and rs16966671) between the CWP group and dust-exposed control group (all p > .05). The present study is the first to have demonstrated an association between CYBA (rs7195830) polymorphism and the risk of developing CWP in subjects belong to the Han ethnic group in China and provides further clues for research into the pathogenesis of CWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Yuan
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Kai Luan General Hospital , Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Wei Yuan
- b Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Kai Luan General Hospital , Tangsha , Hebei , China
| | - Xiaoting Wen
- c Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Chao Li
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Kai Luan General Hospital , Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Lichang Gao
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Kai Luan General Hospital , Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Baolin Li
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Kai Luan General Hospital , Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Kai Luan General Hospital , Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Liufu Cui
- b Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Kai Luan General Hospital , Tangsha , Hebei , China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- c Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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Nafisa A, Gray SG, Cao Y, Wang T, Xu S, Wattoo FH, Barras M, Cohen N, Kamato D, Little PJ. Endothelial function and dysfunction: Impact of metformin. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 192:150-162. [PMID: 30056057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction is a key player in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Current evidence suggests that the anti-diabetic drug metformin improves insulin resistance and protects against endothelial dysfunction in the vasculature. Hereby, we provide a timely review on the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of metformin in preventing endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Nafisa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Susan G Gray
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinghuai Wang
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Feroza H Wattoo
- Department of Biochemistry, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Shamasabad, Muree Road, Rawalpindi 4600, Pakistan..
| | - Michael Barras
- Dept. of Pharmacy, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Neale Cohen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
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Tang RN, Wu P, An L. NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism is associated with macroalbuminuria in diabetic patients: A meta-analysis. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1207-1211. [PMID: 28457704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies suggested an association between C242T polymorphism in NADPH Oxidase p22phox and diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk, but the results were inconsistent. To obtain a more precise estimation, we carried out a meta-analysis to analyze the effect of C242T polymorphism in NADPH Oxidase p22phox on DN risk. METHODS We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for all eligible case-control studies through May 2016. The odds ratios (ORs), together with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated to evaluate the strength of association between C242T SNP in NADPH Oxidase p22phox on DN risk. RESULTS Overall, ten eligible studies involving a total of 1894 cases and 1746 controls were included in our meta-analysis. The results showed that there was no statistical evidence of association between NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism and DN in all genetic models (T vs. C: OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.85-1.59, p=0.34; TT vs. CC: OR 1.49, 95% CI 0.80-2.76, p=0.21; TT/CT vs. CC: OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.81-1.72, p=0.40; TT vs. CT/CC OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.82-2.11, p=0.26). However, significant association was found in diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism is associated with macroalbuminuria in diabetic patients. However, this conclusion should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Larger sample-size studies with homogeneous patients and well-matched controls are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Ning Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, ZhongDa Hospital, school of medicine, Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - Pingping Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li An
- Department of Gerontology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
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Mazaheri M, Karimian M, Behjati M, Raygan F, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A. Association analysis of rs1049255 and rs4673 transitions in p22phox gene with coronary artery disease: A case-control study and a computational analysis. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 186:921-928. [PMID: 28474233 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-017-1601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p22phox gene encodes the main subunit of NADH/NADPH-oxidase. This enzyme is expressed in smooth muscle cells of arteries, and it produces the reactive oxygen species. On the other hand, oxidative stress plays a main role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between rs4673 and rs1049255 polymorphisms of p22phox gene with CAD in an Iranian population which was followed with a computational analysis approach. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we collected blood samples of 302 Iranian Caucasian including 143 patients and 159 healthy controls. Genotype of the polymorphisms was detected through PCR-RFLP method. A computational analysis was also performed using SNAP, Polyphen-2, Chou-Fasman, RNAsnp, and miRNA SNP databases. RESULTS Data of case control study demonstrated that CT genotype (R = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.13-3.00, p = 0.014) and T allele (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.09-2.15, p = 0.013) of rs4673 polymorphism, have a significant association with enhanced risk of CAD. But rs1049255 analysis demonstrated the absence of such an association with CAD. Indeed, in silico data analysis demonstrated that rs4673 transition could impact on function of p22phox protein (SNAP score 56, expected accuracy 75%; Polyphen-2 score 0.99, sensitivity 0.09, specificity 0.99). Data derived from miRNA SNP database demonstrated that rs1049255 polymorphism increases the affinity of attachment between has-miR-3689a-3b with 3'-UTR of p22phox gene. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that rs4673 transition may be involved in susceptibility to CAD and could be applied as a potential biomarker for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mazaheri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Karimian
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - M Behjati
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - F Raygan
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - A Hosseinzadeh Colagar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
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Subha M, Pal P, Pal GK, Habeebullah S, Adithan C, Sridhar MG. Decreased baroreflex sensitivity is linked to sympathovagal imbalance, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:666-672. [PMID: 27935325 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) has been reported as a cardiovascular (CV) risk. We assessed the sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) and the association of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) with CV risks in PIH. A total of 125 pregnant women having a risk factor for PIH were followed till term and the incidence of PIH was observed. Retrospectively, they were divided into two groups: Group I (those who did not develop PIH, n = 82) and Group II (those who developed PIH, n = 43). Blood pressure variability (BPV) parameters including baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), spectral heart rate variability (HRV), autonomic function tests (AFTs), inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, TNF-α, interferon-γ), and OS markers were measured in both the groups. Alterations in parasympathetic and sympathetic components of AFTs were analyzed. Link of various parameters to BRS was assessed by correlation and multiple regression analysis. Parasympathetic components of AFTs were decreased from the early part of pregnancy and sympathetic components were increased toward the later part of pregnancy. Decreased BRS, the marker of CV risk, was more prominent in Group II subjects. Independent contribution of interleukin-6 (β = 0.276, P = 0.020), TNF-α (β = 0.408, P = 0.002), interferon-γ (β = 0.355, P = 0.008), and thiobarbituric-acid reactive substance (β = 0.287, P = 0.015) to BRS was found to be significant. It was concluded that sympathetic overactivity that develops more in the later part (third trimester) of pregnancy contributes to SVI and genesis of PIH. In PIH women, CV risks are present from the beginning of pregnancy that intensifies in the later part of pregnancy. Retrograde inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the decreased BRS in PIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Subha
- a Department of Physiology , Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Puducherry , India
| | - Pravati Pal
- a Department of Physiology , Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Puducherry , India
| | - G K Pal
- a Department of Physiology , Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Puducherry , India
| | - S Habeebullah
- b Obstetrics & Gynecology , Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Puducherry , India
| | - C Adithan
- c Pharmacology , Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Puducherry , India
| | - M G Sridhar
- d Biochemistry , Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Puducherry , India
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Abstract
Historically, the relationship between exercise and the cardiovascular system was viewed as unidirectional, with a disease resulting in exercise limitation and hazard. This article reviews and explores the bidirectional nature, delineating the effects, generally positive, on the cardiovascular system and atherosclerosis. Exercise augments eNOS, affects redox potential, and favorably affects mediators of atherosclerosis including lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. There are direct effects on the vasculature as well as indirect benefits related to exercise-induced changes in body composition and skeletal muscle. Application of aerobic exercise to specific populations is described, with the hope that this knowledge will move the science forward and improve individual patient outcome.
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Girn HRS, Ahilathirunayagam S, Mavor AID, Homer-Vanniasinkam S. Reperfusion Syndrome: Cellular Mechanisms of Microvascular Dysfunction and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016; 41:277-93. [PMID: 17704330 DOI: 10.1177/1538574407304510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reperfusion injury is the paradoxical and complex phenomenon of exacerbation of cellular dysfunction and increase in cell death after the restoration of blood flow to previously ischemic tissues. It involves biochemical and cellular changes causing oxidant production and complement activation, which culminates in an inflammatory response, mediated by neutrophil and platelet cell interactions with the endothelium and among the cells themselves. The mounted inflammatory response has both local and systemic manifestations. Despite improvements in imaging, interventional techniques, and pharmacological agents, morbidity from reperfusion remains high. Extensive research has furthered the understanding of the various pathophysiological mechanisms involved and the development of potential therapeutic strategies. Preconditioning has emerged as a powerful method of ameliorating ischemia reperfusion injury to the myocardium and in transplant surgery. More recently, postconditioning has been shown to provide a therapeutic counter to vasoocclusive emergencies. More research and well-designed trials are needed to bridge the gap between experimental evidence and clinical implementation.
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Meijles DN, Fan LM, Ghazaly MM, Howlin B, Krönke M, Brooks G, Li JM. p22phox C242T Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Inhibits Inflammatory Oxidative Damage to Endothelial Cells and Vessels. Circulation 2016; 133:2391-403. [PMID: 27162237 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.021993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NADPH oxidase, by generating reactive oxygen species, is involved in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases and represents a therapeutic target for the development of novel drugs. A single-nucleotide polymorphism, C242T of the p22(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase, has been reported to be negatively associated with coronary heart disease and may predict disease prevalence. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS With the use of computer molecular modeling, we discovered that C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism causes significant structural changes in the extracellular loop of p22(phox) and reduces its interaction stability with Nox2 subunit. Gene transfection of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells showed that C242T p22(phox) significantly reduced Nox2 expression but had no significant effect on basal endothelial O2 (.-) production or the expression of Nox1 and Nox4. When cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (or high glucose), C242T p22(phox) significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-induced Nox2 maturation, O2 (.-) production, mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor κB activation, and inflammation (all P<0.05). These C242T effects were further confirmed using p22(phox) short-hairpin RNA-engineered HeLa cells and Nox2(-/-) coronary microvascular endothelial cells. Clinical significance was investigated by using saphenous vein segments from non-coronary heart disease subjects after phlebotomies. TT (C242T) allele was common (prevalence of ≈22%) and, in comparison with CC, veins bearing TT allele had significantly lower levels of Nox2 expression and O2 (.-) generation in response to high-glucose challenge. CONCLUSIONS C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism causes p22(phox) structural changes that inhibit endothelial Nox2 activation and oxidative response to tumor necrosis factor-α or high-glucose stimulation. C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism may represent a natural protective mechanism against inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Meijles
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Lampson M Fan
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Maziah M Ghazaly
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Brendan Howlin
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Martin Krönke
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Gavin Brooks
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.).
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Li P, Qiu T, Qin C. NADPH oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism and ischemic cerebrovascular disease: an updated meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:231-8. [PMID: 25619262 PMCID: PMC4307689 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of studies on the associations between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase p22phox C242T polymorphism and risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease have recently been published, but the results remain inconsistent. Material/Methods We performed an updated meta-analysis to evaluate this association. Eight case-control studies were included, involving 2045 cases and 2102 controls. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Q test and the I2 statistic. Begg and Egger’s tests were conducted to evaluate publication bias. Odds ratio (OR) was tested to identify the associations. Results Significant associations between p22phox gene C242T polymorphism and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) risk were observed in the allelic genetic model (OR=1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.77, p=0.048). No statistical significant association was found in the dominant model (OR=0.74, 95% CI 0.54–1.02, p=0.064) and recessive model (OR=1.40, 95% CI 0.89–2.19, p=0.146). Subgroup analysis showed an association in European populations for recessive model (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.06–4.26, p=0.034) and no significant evidence of association in Asian populations was found (dominant model: OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.41–1.00, p=0.05; recessive model: OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.53–1.81, p=0.948; allelic model: OR=1.51, 95% CI 0.98–2.32, p=0.061). Conclusions p22phox gene C242T polymorphism was associated with ICVD risk in the allelic genetic model, as well as in European populations for recessive model. No evidence showed association between p22phox gene C242T polymorphism and ICVD risk in the dominant model and recessive model. Furthermore, no association existed in Asian populations for any of the 3 genetic models and European populations in the dominant model and allelic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Tangmeng Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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Bushueva OY, Stetskaya TA, Polonikov AV, Ivanov VP. The relationship between polymorphism 640A>G of the CYBA gene with the risk of ischemic stroke in the population of the Central Russia. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:38. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151159238-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
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18
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Katakami N, Kaneto H, Matsuoka TA, Takahara M, Osonoi T, Saitou M, Kawai K, Ishibashi F, Kashiwagi A, Kawamori R, Shimomura I, Yamasaki Y. Accumulation of oxidative stress-related gene polymorphisms and the risk of coronary heart disease events in patients with type 2 diabetes--an 8-year prospective study. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:408-14. [PMID: 24933031 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress, which is provoked in patients with diabetes, plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). We simultaneously determined 5 relatively common genetic variants related to oxidative stress and evaluated the combined effect on CHD. METHODS We enrolled 1977 Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects without history of CVD (males 66.1%, 59.5 ± 10.0 years old), determined their genotypes regarding glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) C-588T, manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) Val16Ala, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) G894T, NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox (CYBA) C242T, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) G-463A polymorphisms, and prospectively evaluated the association between these polymorphisms and CHD events. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 7.5 years and there were 85 new CHD events. The single association analysis revealed that there were no statistically significant associations between each polymorphism and the prevalence of CHD. Interestingly, the risk of CHD event was higher with the increase of the total number of 10 concomitant unfavorable "pro-oxidant alleles" in each subject (p for trend = 0.018, log-rank test). Especially, the carriers of ≥8 pro-oxidant alleles had a significantly increased risk as compared to the carriers of <8 pro-oxidant alleles, whether the other clinical variables were adjusted (HR 2.92 with 95%CI 1.50-5.67, p = 0.002) or not (HR 2.89 with 95%CI 1.49-5.59, p = 0.002).. CONCLUSIONS Accumulation of gene polymorphisms related to oxidative stress is likely associated with the development of CHD in patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that the combined information about these variants is useful to assess the risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Abstract
Zofenopril, an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), has recently been widely introduced into the pharmaceutical market. Its clinical safety and efficacy has been demonstrated in patients with hypertension and in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation (SMILE) project provided valuable information regarding the safety of early onset ACE inhibition with zofenopril after AMI and a greater perception of the early and late benefits. The SMILE-I study demonstrated that most benefits of ACE inhibition may be obtained early after AMI and persist after discontinuation of treatment. The SMILE-II study demonstrated that early zofenopril treatment (initiated <12 h) is safe and associated with a low rate of severe hypotension in thrombolyzed patients with acute myocardial infarction when administered in accordance with an adequate dose-titration scheme. Many other studies of clinical ACE-inhibitors (ACEIs) over the last 30 years have provided us with information in order to understand the effects of ACEIs and have demonstrated that patients benefit from ACEI treatment at different stages of the pathophysiological continuum of cardiovascular diseases. The current guidelines recommend that ACEIs should be used for routine secondary prevention in all patients with coronary artery disease and should be considered for all other patients with coronary or other vascular disease unless contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Buikema
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Qin YW, Peng J, Liang BY, Su L, Chen Q, Xie JJ, Gu L. The A930G polymorphism ofP22phox (CYBA) gene but not C242T variation is associated with hypertension: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82465. [PMID: 24349292 PMCID: PMC3857280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, it has been reported that the A930G and C242T polymorphisms within p22phox (CYBA) gene are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, the results remain controversial. Furthermore, no previous meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between the A930G and C242T polymorphisms and hypertension. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to clarify these controversies. Objective and Methods All of the included articles were retrieved from the PubMed and Embase databases, as well as the CNKI, CBM, Chongqing VIP and Wan Fang databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the strength of the association. Accounting for heterogeneity, a fixed or random effects model was respectively adopted. Heterogeneity was checked using the Q test and the I2 statistic. A cumulative meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the tendency of pooled OR. Funnel plots and Egger’s tests were performed to test for possible publication bias. Results Five articles on A930G with 2003 cases/2434 controls and eight articles on C242T with 2644 cases/1967 controls were identified. A significant association of A930G polymorphisms with the risk of hypertension was found in the dominant model (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.38–0.92, p=0.021) and allelic model (OR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.46–0.95, p=0.024). In the stratified analysis, a significant association could be found among the hospital-based and population-based studies. However, no evidence of a significant association of the C242T polymorphism with hypertension was found in the overall analysis and subgroup analysis. Conclusions This meta-analysis indicates that the A930G polymorphism, but not the C242T variation, might be a protective factor for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wang Qin
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiao Peng
- Pre-Clinical Faculty of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bao-Yun Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qing Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Juan-Juan Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lian Gu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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The protective roles of GLP-1R signaling in diabetic nephropathy: possible mechanism and therapeutic potential. Kidney Int 2013; 85:579-89. [PMID: 24152968 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut incretin hormone that has an antioxidative protective effect on various tissues. Here, we determined whether GLP-1 has a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy using nephropathy-resistant C57BL/6-Akita and nephropathy-prone KK/Ta-Akita mice. By in situ hybridization, we found the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expressed in glomerular capillary and vascular walls, but not in tubuli, in the mouse kidney. Next, we generated C57BL/6-Akita Glp1r knockout mice. These mice exhibited higher urinary albumin levels and more advanced mesangial expansion than wild-type C57BL/6-Akita mice, despite comparable levels of hyperglycemia. Increased glomerular superoxide, upregulated renal NAD(P)H oxidase, and reduced renal cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were noted in the Glp1r knockout C57BL/6-Akita mice. Treatment with the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide suppressed the progression of nephropathy in KK/Ta-Akita mice, as demonstrated by reduced albuminuria and mesangial expansion, decreased levels of glomerular superoxide and renal NAD(P)H oxidase, and elevated renal cAMP and PKA activity. These effects were abolished by an adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 and a selective PKA inhibitor H-89. Thus, GLP-1 has a crucial role in protection against increased renal oxidative stress under chronic hyperglycemia, by inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase, a major source of superoxide, and by cAMP-PKA pathway activation.
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Kayaaltı Z, Kaya D, Bacaksız A, Söylemez E, Söylemezoğlu T. An association between polymorphism of the NADH/NADPH oxidase p22phox (phagocyte oxidase) subunit and aging in Turkish population. Aging Clin Exp Res 2013; 25:511-6. [PMID: 23949976 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aging is a complex and multifactorial process that is stimulated by a number of factors including genes and life-style. It is thought that the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the face of antioxidant enzymes and molecules is related to aging and age-related diseases. NAD(P)H oxidase system is the predominant cellular source of ROS, and p22phox, the major component of that system, is essential for the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between p22phox C242T single nucleotide polymorphism and aging in Turkish population. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 332 volunteers between 18 and 95 years of age and were classified into three groups according to their ages as <65, 65-84 and ≥ 85. p22phox C242T polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS CC genotype frequency in the C242T polymorphism is higher in older group (≥ 85) than younger groups (<65 and 65-85), whereas CT + TT genotype frequency is lower in older group. When the p22phox C242T polymorphism was compared with the mean ages and age groups, statistically significant associations were found. CONCLUSIONS We showed for the first time that human aging is significantly associated with p22phox C242T genotypes in Turkish population, being highest in CC, intermediate in CT, and lowest in TT homozygote. It is plausible to suggest that CC genotype might protect people from chronic inflammation, diseases as well as from oxidative stress and, thus, individuals with CC genotype might be more advantageous for aging as compared to those with CT + TT genotypes.
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Sena CM, Pereira AM, Seiça R. Endothelial dysfunction - a major mediator of diabetic vascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2216-31. [PMID: 23994612 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a multifunctional organ and is critically involved in modulating vascular tone and structure. Endothelial cells produce a wide range of factors that also regulate cellular adhesion, thromboresistance, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vessel wall inflammation. Thus, endothelial function is important for the homeostasis of the body and its dysfunction is associated with several pathophysiological conditions, including atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes. Patients with diabetes invariably show an impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Therefore, understanding and treating endothelial dysfunction is a major focus in the prevention of vascular complications associated with all forms of diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes may point to new management strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. This review will focus on the mechanisms and therapeutics that specifically target endothelial dysfunction in the context of a diabetic setting. Mechanisms including altered glucose metabolism, impaired insulin signaling, low-grade inflammatory state, and increased reactive oxygen species generation will be discussed. The importance of developing new pharmacological approaches that upregulate endothelium-derived nitric oxide synthesis and target key vascular ROS-producing enzymes will be highlighted and new strategies that might prove clinically relevant in preventing the development and/or retarding the progression of diabetes associated vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Gu L, Su L, Liang B, Tang N, Long J, Tan J, Chen Q, Xie J, Wu G, Yan Y, Huang G, Zu X. Association between the C242T polymorphism of p22phox gene and ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2013; 330:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Baraldi D, Casali K, Fernandes RO, Campos C, Sartório C, Conzatti A, Couto GK, Schenkel PC, Belló-Klein A, Araujo ARS. The role of AT1-receptor blockade on reactive oxygen species and cardiac autonomic drive in experimental hyperthyroidism. Auton Neurosci 2013; 177:163-9. [PMID: 23623788 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the influence of the renin-angiotensin system on cardiac prooxidants and antioxidants levels and its association to autonomic imbalance induced by hyperthyroidism. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, losartan (10mg/kg/day by gavage, 28 day), thyroxine (T4) (12 mg/L in drinking water for 28 days), and T4+losartan. Spectral analysis (autonomic balance), angiotensin II receptor (AT1R), NADPH oxidase, Nrf2 and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) myocardial protein expression, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration were quantified. Autonomic imbalance induced by hyperthyroidism (~770%) was attenuated in the T4+losartan group (~32%) (P<0.05). AT1R, NADPH oxidase, H2O2, as well as concentration, Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expression were elevated (~172%, 43%, 40%, 133%, and 154%, respectively) in T4 group (P<0.05). H2O2 and HO-1 levels were returned to control values in the T4+losartan group (P<0.05). The overall results demonstrate a positive impact of RAS blockade in the autonomic control of heart rate, which was associated with an attenuation of H2O2 levels, as well as with a reduced counter-regulatory response of HO-1 in experimental hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baraldi
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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Zheykova TV, Golubenko MV, Buikin SV, Botkina OY, Tsimbaliuk IV, Maksimov VN, Voevoda MI, Puzyrev VP. Association between 242C>T polymorphism of NADPH oxidase p22phox gene (CYBA) and longevity in Russian population. RUSS J GENET+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795413020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Reactive Oxygen Species, SUMOylation, and Endothelial Inflammation. Int J Inflam 2012; 2012:678190. [PMID: 22991685 PMCID: PMC3443607 DOI: 10.1155/2012/678190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the exact mechanism through which NADPH oxidases (Nox's) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is still not completely understood, it is widely considered that ROS accumulation is the cause of oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Increasing pieces of evidence strongly indicate the role for ROS in endothelial inflammation and dysfunction and subsequent development of atherosclerotic plaques, which are causes of various pathological cardiac events. An overview for a causative relationship between ROS and endothelial inflammation will be provided in this review. Particularly, a crucial role for specific protein SUMOylation in endothelial inflammation will be presented. Given that SUMOylation of specific proteins leads to increased endothelial inflammation, targeting specific SUMOylated proteins may be an elegant, effective strategy to control inflammation. In addition, the involvement of ROS production in increasing the risk of recurrent coronary events in a sub-group of non-diabetic, post-infarction patients with elevated levels of HDL-cholesterol will be presented with the emphasis that elevated HDL-cholesterol under certain inflammatory conditions can lead to increased incidence of cardiovascular events.
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Gallina S, Di Francescomarino S, Di Mauro M, Izzicupo P, D'Angelo E, D'Amico M, Pennelli A, Amicarelli F, Di Baldassarre A. NAD(P)H oxidase p22(phox) polymorphism and cardiovascular function in amateur runners. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 206:20-8. [PMID: 22747689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM NAD(P)H system represents the major source of superoxide production at cardiovascular (CV) level. It has several genetic variants: in particular, the C242T polymorphism of its p22(phox) subunit is associated with a different oxidase activity, being the T allele related to a lower superoxide production. Although several authors investigated the protective effect of T allele in CV diseases, only few data are available on its functional role in physiological conditions. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between the p22(phox) C242T polymorphism and CV function in amateur runners. METHODS Seventy-three male amateur runners were screened for CYBA polymorphism. CV analysis was performed by echocardiographic-Doppler examination and by PulsePen tonometer assessment. RESULTS The genetic subgroups (CC and CT/TT) did not differ for VM O(2max) and cardiac dimension. Nevertheless, T carriers (n = 40) were characterized by a more efficient myocardial contraction and left ventricular (LV) filling, as evidenced by significant higher values of the midwall fractional shortening, systolic excursion of the tricuspid annular plane and of early/late diastolic wave velocities ratio and by a lower E wave deceleration time. Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, parameters related to the arterial stiffness, were higher in CC subjects compared with CT/TT also when the analysis was adjusted for weight and diastolic pressure. CONCLUSION In amateur runners, CYBA variants may influence both systolic and diastolic function and arterial stiffness. We suppose that the lower oxidative activity that characterizes 242T subjects may positively influence the excitation-contraction and arterial-ventricular coupling mechanisms, thus leading to a more efficient CV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging; University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti; Italy
| | | | - M. Di Mauro
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging; University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti; Italy
| | - P. Izzicupo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences; University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti; Italy
| | - E. D'Angelo
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging; University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti; Italy
| | - M.A. D'Amico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences; University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti; Italy
| | - A. Pennelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti; Italy
| | - F. Amicarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila; Italy
| | - A. Di Baldassarre
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences; University of Chieti-Pescara; Chieti; Italy
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Tang Y, Xu J, Qu W, Peng X, Xin P, Yang X, Ying C, Sun X, Hao L. Resveratrol reduces vascular cell senescence through attenuation of oxidative stress by SIRT1/NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1410-6. [PMID: 22284404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Senescence of vascular cells contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases and the overall aging. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on amelioration of vascular cell aging and the role of SIRT1/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male Wistar rats were treated with a high-fat/sucrose diet (HFS) in the presence or absence of Res for 3 months. HFS and in vitro treatment with high glucose increased the senescence cells and reactive oxygen species production in rat aorta and cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), respectively, which was attenuated by Res treatment. Res protected against HFS- or high-glucose-induced increase in NADPH oxidase p47phox expression and decrease in SIRT1 level. Apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, down-regulated p47phox protein expression, but had no influence on SIRT1 protein; sirtinol, a SIRT1 inhibitor, aggravated the decrease in SIRT1 protein level and the increase in p47phox protein expression induced by high glucose. CONCLUSION Our studies suggested that Res was able to reverse the senescence process in aorta induced by HFS in rats or induced by the exposure to high glucose in cultured BAECs. The underlying mechanism is at least SIRT1/NADPH oxidase pathway dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, PR China
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Fujita H, Fujishima H, Morii T, Sakamoto T, Komatsu K, Hosoba M, Narita T, Takahashi K, Takahashi T, Yamada Y. Modulation of renal superoxide dismutase by telmisartan therapy in C57BL/6-Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice. Hypertens Res 2011; 35:213-20. [PMID: 22072110 PMCID: PMC3273720 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Renal superoxide excess, which is induced by an imbalance of the superoxide-producing enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase and the superoxide-scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) under hyperglycemia, increases oxidative stress and contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we treated non-obese and hypoinsulinemic C57BL/6-Ins2Akita (C57BL/6-Akita) diabetic mice with telmisartan (5 mg kg−1 per day), an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, or amlodipine (5 mg kg−1 per day), a calcium channel blocker, for 4 weeks and compared the effects of these two anti-hypertensive drugs on renal NAD(P)H oxidase, SOD and transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2), which is known to upregulate several antioxidant enzymes including SOD. Vehicle-treated C57BL/6-Akita mice exhibited higher renal NAD(P)H oxidase and lower renal SOD activity with increased levels of renal superoxide than the C57BL/6-wild-type non-diabetic mice. Interestingly, telmisartan treatment not only reduced NAD(P)H oxidase activity but also enhanced SOD activity in C57BL/6-Akita mouse kidneys, leading to a reduction of renal superoxide levels. Furthermore, telmisartan-treated C57BL/6-Akita mice increased the renal protein expression of SOD and Nrf2. In parallel with the reduction of renal superoxide levels, a reduction of urinary albumin levels and a normalization of elevated glomerular filtration rate were observed in telmisartan-treated C57BL/6-Akita mice. In contrast, treatment with amlodipine failed to modulate renal NAD(P)H oxidase, SOD and Nrf2. Finally, treatment of C57BL/6-Akita mice with apocynin, an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, also increased the renal protein expression of SOD and Nrf2. Collectively, our data suggest that NAD(P)H oxidase negatively regulates renal SOD, possibly by downregulation of Nrf2, and that telmisartan could upregulate renal SOD by the suppression of NAD(P)H oxidase and subsequent upregulation of Nrf2, leading to the amelioration of renal oxidative stress and diabetic renal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujita
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
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Jiang F, Qian J, Chen S, Zhang W, Liu C. Ligustrazine improves atherosclerosis in rat via attenuation of oxidative stress. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:856-63. [PMID: 21554147 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.551776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ligustrazine (Lig) is a compound isolated from the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae) and has been reported to be effective for the treatment of a variety of vascular diseases. OBJECTIVE The anti-atherosclerotic activities of Lig are evaluated in vivo for the first time in the present study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We gave rats a single injection of vitamin D3 and then fed them with an atherogenic diet for 6 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Lig was simultaneously given to rats by gavage at the dose of 20 or 80 mg/kg in the therapy groups. Multiple approaches including spectrophotometry, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and quantitative RT-PCR were applied to investigate the effects of Lig on blood parameters, aorta and liver histology, and gene expression. In addition, the solely effects of Lig on food intake, body weight gain, and taste preference were also evaluated. RESULTS We found that two doses of Lig treatment decreased the total cholesterol levels by 65.2 and 76.7%, respectively, in the plasma. Triglyceride (by 53.2 and 77.9%) and low-density lipoprotein (by 71.2 and 79.0%) levels were also decreased. However, high-density lipoprotein level was slightly increased. The circulating endothelial cells were decreased by 42.2 and 60.0% in Lig-treated rats, indicating the attenuation of endothelial injury. In contrast, Lig restored the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity while decreasing the MDA generation. Furthermore, Lig improved liver dysfunction by decreasing ALT (by 13.0 and 49.7%) and AST (by 10.7 and 14.3%) levels. Histological examinations revealed that Lig suppressed atherosclerotic plaque progression in the thoracic aorta and lipid accumulation in the liver. At the transcriptional level, Lig inhibited the induction of antioxidant genes both in aorta and in liver. Lig also suppressed the mRNA expression of the genes involved in the hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Finally, Lig had a minimum effect on food intake, body weight gain, and taste preference. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Lig suppresses the development of atherosclerosis and hepatic lipid accumulation via the alleviation of oxidative stress and the improvement of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrong Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Feng CH, Huang HY, Lu CY. Quantitation of the glutathione in human peripheral blood by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with micro-scale derivatization. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 690:209-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jan WC, Chen CH, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. Limb ischemic preconditioning mitigates lung injury induced by haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation in rats. Resuscitation 2011; 82:760-6. [PMID: 21398019 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Haemorrhagic shock and subsequent resuscitation induce acute lung injury. We elucidated whether bilateral lower limb ischemic pre-conditioning (IP) could mitigate lung injury in haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation rats. The role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was also elucidated. METHOD Adult male rats were randomized to receive haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS), HS plus IP, or HS plus IP plus the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) (n = 12 in each group). Sham groups were employed simultaneously. For pre-conditioning, 3 cycles of limb IP (10 min ischemia followed by 10 min reperfusion) were performed immediately before haemorrhagic shock. Haemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure: 40-45 mmHg) was induced by blood drawing and maintained for 120 min. SnPP was injected 5 min before resuscitation. Shed blood/saline mixtures were re-infused to achieve resuscitation. After monitoring for another 8h, rats were sacrificed. Arterial blood gas and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (lung function index), histology, polymorphonuclear leukocytes/alveoli ratio (leukocyte infiltration index), wet/dry weight ratio (water content index), inflammatory molecules (e.g., chemokine, cytokine, prostaglandin E(2)), and malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation index) assays were preformed. RESULTS Haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation induced significant lung function alterations and significant increases in leukocyte infiltration, water content, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation in lungs. Histological analysis confirmed that haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation caused marked lung injury. Limb IP significantly mitigated the adverse effects of haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation. Moreover, the protective effects of limb IP were reversed by SnPP. CONCLUSIONS Limb IP mitigates lung injury in haemorrhagic shock/resuscitation rats. The mechanisms may involve HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woan-Ching Jan
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fisher-Wellman K, Bell HK, Bloomer RJ. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms linked to exercise during cardiopulmonary and metabolic disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 2:43-51. [PMID: 20046644 PMCID: PMC2763230 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.2.1.7732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple human diseases, in addition to the aging process. Although various stimuli exist, acute exercise is known to induce a transient increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), evident by several reports of increased oxidative damage following acute bouts of aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Although the results are somewhat mixed and appear disease dependent, individuals with chronic disease experience an exacerbation in oxidative stress following acute exercise when compared to healthy individuals. However, this increased oxidant stress may serve as a necessary “signal” for the upregulation in antioxidant defenses, thereby providing protection against subsequent exposure to prooxidant environments within susceptible individuals. Here we present studies related to both acute exercise-induced oxidative stress in those with disease, in addition to studies focused on adaptations resulting from increased RONS exposure associated with chronic exercise training in persons with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Fisher-Wellman
- Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
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Katakami N, Kaneto H, Matsuoka TA, Takahara M, Imamura K, Ishibashi F, Kanda T, Kawai K, Osonoi T, Kashiwagi A, Kawamori R, Matsuhisa M, Shimomura I, Yamasaki Y. Accumulation of gene polymorphisms related to oxidative stress is associated with myocardial infarction in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:534-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Peng TC, Jan WC, Tsai PS, Huang CJ. Heme oxygenase-1 mediates the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on mitigating lung injury induced by lower limb ischemia-reperfusion in rats. J Surg Res 2010; 167:e245-53. [PMID: 20850789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) imposes oxidative stress, elicits inflammatory response, and subsequently induces acute lung injury. Ischemic preconditioning (IP), a process of transient I/R, mitigates the acute lung injury induced by I/R. We sought to elucidate whether the protective effects of IP involve heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). METHODS Adult male rats were randomized to receive I/R, I/R plus IP, I/R plus IP plus the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) (n = 12 in each group). Control groups were run simultaneously. I/R was induced by applying rubber band tourniquet high around each thigh for 3 h followed by reperfusion for 3 h. To achieve IP, three cycles of bilateral lower limb I/R (i.e., ischemia for 10 min followed by reperfusion for 10 min) were performed. IP was performed immediately before I/R. After sacrifice, degree of lung injury was determined. RESULTS Histologic findings, together with assays of leukocyte infiltration (polymorphonuclear leukocytes/alveoli ratio and myeloperoxidase activity) and lung water content (wet/dry weight ratio), confirmed that I/R induced acute lung injury. I/R also caused significant inflammatory response (increases in chemokine, cytokine, and prostaglandin E(2) concentrations), imposed significant oxidative stress (increases in nitric oxide and malondialdehyde concentrations), and up-regulated HO-1 expression in lung tissues. IP significantly enhanced HO-1 up-regulation and, in turn, mitigated oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and acute lung injury induced by I/R. In addition, the protective effects of IP were counteracted by SnPP. CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of IP on mitigating acute lung injury induced by lower limb I/R are mediated by HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Chin Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
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Izzicupo P, Di Valerio V, D' Amico MA, Di Mauro M, Pennelli A, Falone S, Alberti G, Amicarelli F, Miscia S, Gallina S, Di Baldassarre A. NAD(P)H oxidase and pro-inflammatory response during maximal exercise: role of C242T polymorphism of the P22PHOX subunit. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2010; 23:203-11. [PMID: 20378006 DOI: 10.1177/039463201002300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense exercise induces a pro-inflammatory status through a mechanism involving the NAD(P)H oxidase system. We focused our attention on p22phox, a subunit of the NAD(P)H oxidase, and on its allelic polymorphism C242T, which is known to affect the functional activity of the enzyme. We investigated whether the p22phox C242T variants exhibit systemic effects in healthy subjects by analyzing the proinflammatory and cardiocirculatory responses to physical exercise in endurance athletes. The group of study consisted of 97 long distance runners, 37 +/- 4.4 yrs of age, with similar training history. The subjects underwent a maximal stress test during which both inflammatory and cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored. Our results demonstrate that T allele deeply influences the neutrophil activation in response to intense exercise, since T carriers were characterized by significantly lower release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a classical leukocyte derived pro-inflammatory cytokine. In addition, the presence of T allele was associated with a higher cardiopulmonary efficiency as evidenced by a significantly lower Heart Rate (HR) at the peak of exercise and, when a dominant model was assumed, by a higher maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). On the other hand, no effects of 242T mutation on the plasmatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and on the cortisol responses to the physical exercise were detected. In conclusion, our data support a systemic role for p22phox C242T polymorphism that, modifying the intensity of the inflammatory response, can influence the cardiovascular adaptations elicited by aerobic training. These results contribute to support the hypothesis of a systemic effect for the C242T polymorphism and of its possible functional rebound in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Izzicupo
- Department of Biomorphology, University of Chieti, Italy
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Fang S, Wang L, Jia C. Association of p22phox gene C242T polymorphism with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Thromb Res 2010; 125:e197-201. [PMID: 20100625 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 12/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The C242T polymorphism of p22phox gene (rs4673) has been linked to the reduced coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, but results in the published literatures are controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of this polymorphism on the CAD risk. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all studies on the association of p22phox gene C242T polymorphism with CAD risk. The fixed or random effect pooled measure was selected based on the homogeneity test among studies. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Q test and the I(2) of Higgins and Thompson. Meta-regression was used to explore the sources of between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was estimated using modified Egger's linear regression test proposed by Harbord etal. RESULTS We identified 15 published articles including 6273 CAD cases and 5045 controls. In this studied overall and non-Asian populations, we didn't found any significant association of p22phox gene C242T polymorphism with CAD in any of codominant, dominant, and recessive models. Only in Asian population, both fixed effect model (FEM) and random effect model (REM) indicated the significant protective effect both in codominant (FEM: OR=0.771, 95%CI: 0.681-0.873; REM: OR=0.751, 95%CI: 0.607-0.930) and dominant (FEM: OR=0.714, 95%CI: 0.621-0.822; REM: OR=0.694, 95%CI: 0.538-0.895) models with strong evidence for between-study heterogeneity (I(2)=52.6% for codominant and I(2)=56.5% for dominant), but not in recessive model. No evidence of publication bias was detected. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested a significant heterogeneity across ethnicities about the relationship between the T allele of p22phox gene C242T polymorphism and reduced CAD risk, with a significant protective effect only in Asian population that needs to be confirmed by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxia Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Shandong University, PR China
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Di Francescomarino S, Sciartilli A, Di Valerio V, Di Baldassarre A, Gallina S. The effect of physical exercise on endothelial function. Sports Med 2009; 39:797-812. [PMID: 19757859 DOI: 10.2165/11317750-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelium is essential for maintenance of health of the vessel wall and for the local regulation of vascular tone and structure and haemostasis. Regular physical exercise, which is known to promote a favourable cardiovascular state, may improve endothelial function via several mechanisms. Indeed, it augments blood flow and laminar shear stress, resulting in increased nitric oxide production and bioavailability. In this regard, the beneficial effects of training on endothelial function can be mediated in a number of ways, including synthesis of molecular mediators, changes in neurohormonal release and oxidant/antioxidant balance. On the other hand, physical exercise can also elicit systemic molecular pathways connected with angiogenesis and chronic anti-inflammatory action with consequent modification of the endothelial function. However, its benefit depends on the type and intensity of training performed. While strenuous exercise increases oxidative metabolism and produces a pro-oxidant environment, only regular moderate physical activity promotes an antioxidant state and preserves endothelial function. Thus, exercise may have a beneficial effect on the development of cardiovascular disease through preserving endothelial function.
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Sixt S, Beer S, Blüher M, Korff N, Peschel T, Sonnabend M, Teupser D, Thiery J, Adams V, Schuler G, Niebauer J. Long- but not short-term multifactorial intervention with focus on exercise training improves coronary endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus type 2 and coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2009; 31:112-9. [PMID: 19793768 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer from accelerated coronary artery disease. We assessed the effects of a multifactorial intervention with focus on exercise training on coronary endothelial function, vascular structure, and inflammation in serum and skeletal muscle biopsies, including mRNA expression of diabetes candidate genes. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-three patients were randomized to either 4 weeks in-hospital exercise training (6 x 15 min bicycle/day, 5 days/week) and a hypocaloric diet, followed by a 5 months ambulatory program (30 min ergometer/day, 5 days/week, plus 1 h group exercise/week), or a control group. At the beginning of the study, at 4 weeks, and after 6 months changes in diameter of coronary arteries in response to acetylcholine and mean peak flow velocity were invasively measured; intramural plaques were assessed by intravascular ultrasound. Six months of intervention led to significant improvement of coronary endothelial function, whereas intramural plaque burden remained unchanged. After 4 weeks, endothelial function remained unchanged, however, lowest values for fasting glucose, HbA1c, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, total and LDL-cholesterol, and highest values for mRNA expression in skeletal muscle of p22, gp91, haem oxygenase 1, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma were observed. There was a continuous increase for AdipoR1, AdipoR2, Glut4, interleukin-6, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha mRNA expression in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate improvement in coronary endothelial function by a multifactorial intervention which focused on exercise training in patients with T2DM. This coincided with improved markers of hyperglycaemia, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation both in serum and skeletal muscle biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sixt
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Centre, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Fearon IM, Faux SP. Oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease: novel tools give (free) radical insight. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:372-81. [PMID: 19481547 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality in the Western world and accounts for up to a third of all deaths worldwide. Cardiovascular disease is multifactorial and involves complex interplay between lifestyle (diet, smoking, exercise, ethanol consumption) and fixed (genotype, age, menopausal status, gender) causative factors. The initiating step in cardiovascular disease is endothelial damage, which exposes these cells and the underlying cell layers to a deleterious inflammatory process which ultimately leads to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Intrinsic to lesion formation is cellular oxidative stress, due to the production of damaging free radicals (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) by many cell types including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and monocytes/macrophages. Exogenous factors such as smoking and the existence of other disease states such as diabetes also contribute to oxidative stress and are strong risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In this review we describe this role of free radicals in atherosclerosis and discuss the mechanisms and cellular systems by which these radicals are produced. We also highlight recent technological advances which have added to the vascular biologist's armoury and which promise to provide new insight into the role of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Fearon
- British American Tobacco, Group R & D, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK.
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Roy H, Bhardwaj S, Yla-Herttuala S. Molecular genetics of atherosclerosis. Hum Genet 2009; 125:467-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Fan M, Raitakari OT, Kahonen M, Juonala M, Hutri-Kahonen N, Porsti I, Viikari J, Lehtimaki T. The association between cigarette smoking and carotid intima-media thickness is influenced by the -930A/G CYBA gene polymorphism: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Am J Hypertens 2009; 22:281-7. [PMID: 19151692 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2008.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking-induced damage to the cardiovascular system has been shown in many studies; however, the degree of damage varies from individual to individual. We hypothesized that the -930A/G CYBA gene polymorphism in the NADPH oxidase influences the association between cigarette smoking and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in young healthy adults. METHODS Cross-sectional data obtained in 2001 for the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study were used. IMT was measured with ultrasound. The genotyping was performed using a 5'-nuclease assay. A linear regression model was used to test whether the interaction between smoking and the genotypes was associated with IMT. The magnitude of the interaction effect was further examined by performing a stratified analysis according to smoking habits. RESULTS In the entire population, the mean and maxima IMT were higher in smokers than nonsmokers (P = 0.005 and 0.008, respectively). The differences were most significant in subjects with the GG genotype, borderline significant for the GA genotype, and nonsignificant for the AA genotype. The interaction of genotypes with smoking was associated with mean and maximal IMT (P = 0.042 and 0.022). Among smokers, subjects with the GG genotype had a higher mean and maximal IMT compared with carriers of the A allele (P = 0.021 and 0.012). In contrast, the mean and maximal IMT were lower for G allele carriers than subjects with the AA genotype among nonsmokers (P = 0.022 and 0.026). All results had been adjusted for potential risk factors related to IMT. CONCLUSION The -930A/G polymorphism modifies the association between cigarette smoking and IMT in young healthy adults.
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Use of conventional and -omics based methods for health claims of dietary antioxidants: a critical overview. Br J Nutr 2009; 99 E Suppl 1:ES3-52. [PMID: 18503734 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508965752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the principles and limitations of methods used to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) protective properties of dietary constituents and is aimed at providing a better understanding of the requirements for science based health claims of antioxidant (AO) effects of foods. A number of currently used biochemical measurements aimed of determining the total antioxidant capacity and oxidised lipids and proteins are carried out under unphysiological conditions and are prone to artefact formation. Probably the most reliable approaches are measurements of isoprostanes as a parameter of lipid peroxidation and determination of oxidative DNA damage. Also the design of the experimental models has a strong impact on the reliability of AO studies: the common strategy is the identification of AO by in vitro screening with cell lines. This approach is based on the assumption that protection towards ROS is due to scavenging, but recent findings indicate that activation of transcription factors which regulate genes involved in antioxidant defence plays a key role in the mode of action of AO. These processes are not adequately represented in cell lines. Another shortcoming of in vitro experiments is that AO are metabolised in vivo and that most cell lines are lacking enzymes which catalyse these reactions. Compounds with large molecular configurations (chlorophylls, anthocyans and polyphenolics) are potent AO in vitro, but weak or no effects were observed in animal/human studies with realistic doses as they are poorly absorbed. The development of -omics approaches will improve the scientific basis for health claims. The evaluation of results from microarray and proteomics studies shows that it is not possible to establish a general signature of alterations of transcription and protein patterns by AO. However, it was shown that alterations of gene expression and protein levels caused by experimentally induced oxidative stress and ROS related diseases can be normalised by dietary AO.
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Health effects of quercetin: from antioxidant to nutraceutical. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:325-37. [PMID: 18417116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1184] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a member of the flavonoids family, is one of the most prominent dietary antioxidants. It is ubiquitously present in foods including vegetables, fruit, tea and wine as well as countless food supplements and is claimed to exert beneficial health effects. This includes protection against various diseases such as osteoporosis, certain forms of cancer, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases but also against aging. Especially the ability of quercetin to scavenge highly reactive species such as peroxynitrite and the hydroxyl radical is suggested to be involved in these possible beneficial health effects. Consequently, numerous studies have been performed to gather scientific evidence for these beneficial health claims as well as data regarding the exact mechanism of action and possible toxicological aspects of this flavonoid. The purpose of this review is to evaluate these studies in order to elucidate the possible health-beneficial effects of the antioxidant quercetin. Firstly, the definitions as well as the most important aspects regarding free radicals, antioxidants and oxidative stress will be discussed as background information. Subsequently, the mechanism by which quercetin may operate as an antioxidant (tested in vitro) as well as the potential use of this antioxidant as a nutraceutical (tested both ex vivo and in vivo) will be discussed.
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NADPH oxidase CYBA polymorphisms, oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008; 114:173-82. [PMID: 18184111 DOI: 10.1042/cs20070130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several major cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, stroke and diabetes. ROS (reactive oxygen species) affect multiple tissues either directly or through NO depletion. ROS induce cardiovascular dysfunction by modulating cell contraction/dilation, migration, growth/apoptosis and extracellular matrix protein turnover, which contribute to vascular and cardiac remodelling. Of the several sources of ROS within the cardiovascular system, a family of multisubunit NADPH oxidases appears to be a predominant contributor of superoxide anion. Recent findings suggest a significant role of the genetic background in NADPH oxidase regulation. Common genetic polymorphisms within the promoter and exonic sequences of CYBA, the gene that encodes the p22(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase, have been characterized in the context of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to present the current state of research into these polymorphisms in their relationship to cardiovascular diseases.
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Kuroda J, Kitazono T, Ago T, Ninomiya T, Ooboshi H, Kamouchi M, Kumai Y, Hagiwara N, Yoshimura S, Tamaki K, Kusuda K, Fujii K, Nagao T, Okada Y, Toyoda K, Nakane H, Sugimori H, Yamashita Y, Wakugawa Y, Asano K, Tanizaki Y, Kiyohara Y, Ibayashi S, Iida M. NAD(P)H oxidase p22phoxC242T polymorphism and ischemic stroke in Japan: the Fukuoka Stroke Registry and the Hisayama study. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:1091-7. [PMID: 17880563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The C242T polymorphism of p22phox, a component of NAD(P)H oxidase, may have an impact on cardiovascular diseases; however, the association between this polymorphism and brain infarction is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the relationship between the C242T polymorphism and brain infarction in Japan. We recruited 1055 patients with brain infarction and 1055 control subjects. A chi-squared test revealed that the T-allele frequency was lower in patients with cardioembolic infarction (5.6%) than in control subjects (11.0%, P < 0.001); however, allele frequencies in patients with lacunar and atherothrombotic infarction (11.2%) were not significantly different from those in control subjects (11.0%). A multivariate-adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis also revealed no association between CT + TT genotype, and lacunar and atherothrombotic infarction (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.72-1.32). To investigate the functional effects of the C242T polymorphism, we examined superoxide production in COS-7 cells cotransfected with Nox4 and p22phox of each genotype. The superoxide-producing activity in those cells expressing p22phox with the T allele was not significantly different from that in cells expressing p22phox with the C allele. The present results suggest that the p22phox C242T polymorphism may have a protective effect against cardioembolic infarction, but is not related to lacunar and atherothrombotic infarction in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuroda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yang S, Shih HJ, Chow YC, Tsai PS, Wang TY, Wang PS, Huang CJ. The protective role of heme oxygenase-1 induction on testicular tissues after testicular torsion and detorsion. J Urol 2007; 177:1928-33. [PMID: 17437850 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testicular torsion-detorsion has been identified as an ischemia-reperfusion type of injury. We elucidated the protective role of heme oxygenase-1 super induction on testicular torsion-detorsion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to undergo testicular torsion-detorsion, immediately followed by injection of normal saline, the heme oxygenase-1 inducer hemin or hemin plus the heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin. Another set of rats that underwent sham operation, immediately followed by injection of normal saline, hemin or hemin plus tin protoporphyrin, served as controls. Testes were harvested 4 and 24 hours after detorsion, respectively, in the experimental groups or at comparable time points in the control groups. RESULTS Histological evaluation confirmed that torsion-detorsion caused significant testicular tissue injury. Torsion-detorsion also caused significant increases in the testicular levels of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase activity and heme oxygenase-1. The heme oxygenase-1 inducer hemin significantly enhanced the heme oxygenase-1 expression induced by torsion-detorsion and in turn attenuated testicular injury, and increases in nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity. In addition, the protective effects of hemin were significantly offset by the heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin. CONCLUSIONS Super induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects testes from torsion-detorsion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stone Yang
- Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Management and Nursing College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Deng S, Wojnowski L. Genotyping the risk of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2007; 7:129-34. [PMID: 17652817 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-007-0024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines belong to the most successful antineoplastic drugs, but they are cardiotoxic, which may result in congestive heart failure (CHF). The CHF risk increases with the cumulative anthracycline dose, but it seems also to be modified by individual factors. A role of the individual genetic background is consistent with the altered sensitivity to anthracyclines observed in many transgenic and knockout mouse strains. First clinical data obtained in humans suggest the existence of predisposing variants in genes involved in the oxidative stress, and in the metabolism and transport of anthracyclines. These data will have to be verified in further clinical trials before any attempts of their application in the individual cardiotoxicity prediction can be undertaken. In the meantime, anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity can be best reduced by application of liposomal anthracycline formulations or by a co-medication with the cardioprotective iron chelator dexrazoxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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