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Kroll KW, Hueber B, Balachandran H, Afifi A, Manickam C, Nettere D, Pollara J, Hudson A, Woolley G, Ndhlovu LC, Reeves RK. FcαRI (CD89) is upregulated on subsets of mucosal and circulating NK cells and regulates IgA-class specific signaling and functions. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:692-699. [PMID: 38677592 PMCID: PMC11323182 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the predominant mucosal antibody class with both anti- and pro-inflammatory roles1-3. However, the specific role of the IgA receptor cluster of differentiation (CD)89, expressed by a subset of natural killer (NK) cells, is poorly explored. We found that CD89 protein expression on circulating NK cells is infrequent in humans and rhesus macaques, but transcriptomic analysis showed ubiquitous CD89 expression, suggesting an inducible phenotype. Interestingly, CD89+ NK cells were more frequent in cord blood and mucosae, indicating a putative IgA-mediated NK cell function in the mucosae and infant immune system. CD89+ NK cells signaled through upregulated CD3 zeta chain (CD3ζ), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), zeta chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70), and signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 1 (SLAMF1), but also showed high expression of inhibitory receptors such as killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G (KLRG1) and reduced activating NKp46 and NKp30. CD89-based activation or antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity with monomeric IgA1 reduced NK cell functions, while antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity with combinations of IgG and IgA2 was enhanced compared to IgG alone. These data suggest that functional CD89+ NK cells survey mucosal sites, but CD89 likely serves as regulatory receptor which can be further modulated depending on IgA and IgG subclass. Although the full functional niche of CD89+ NK cells remains unexplored, these intriguing data suggest the CD89 axis could represent a novel immunotherapeutic target in the mucosae or early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Kroll
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brady Hueber
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harikrishnan Balachandran
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ameera Afifi
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Danielle Nettere
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin Pollara
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew Hudson
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Griffin Woolley
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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van Delft MAM, Aleyd E, van der Mast R, de Jong N, Boon L, Simons PJ, van Egmond M. Antagonizing FcαR1 (CD89) as treatment in IgA-mediated chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118539. [PMID: 37081893 PMCID: PMC10111428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is mostly considered as a non-inflammatory regulator at mucosal areas. However, previous work of our group showed that IgA can also be involved in disease pathology, because it provides a potent stimulus to activate neutrophils after crosslinking of surface CD89 (FcaRI), resulting in chronic inflammation and tissue damage. IgA (auto)antibodies and neutrophils are key players in various diseases, including blistering skin diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, we generated an array of anti-CD89 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for therapeutic targeting of CD89. The biological activity of newly developed anti-human CD89 mAbs and their potential therapeutic capacity were investigated. Methods Human neutrophils were isolated from heparinized healthy donor blood. The ability of anti-CD89 mAbs to bind human neutrophils was investigated by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the capacity of these anti-CD89 mAbs to inhibit IgA-mediated phagocytosis, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release and migration was studied. To this end, neutrophils were pre-incubated with/without anti-CD89 mAbs after which they were stimulated with IgA-coated beads. The amount of phagocytosed beads, NET release and migrated neutrophils were subsequently analysed. In parallel, chemoattractant leukotriene B4 and lactoferrin (as a measure for degranulation) release were determined. Finally, the therapeutic potential of our prototypic anti-CD89 mAb clone 10E7 was in vivo tested in anti-mouse collagen XVII human IgA-treated transgenic CD89 mice, a preclinical model for autoimmune linear IgA bullous disease (LABD). Results Our results show that all generated anti-CD89 mAbs bound surface CD89 on neutrophils. Although these anti-CD89 mAbs bind to different epitopes on EC1 of CD89, they all have the capacity to inhibit IgA-mediated phagocytosis, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release and neutrophil migration. Moreover, IgA mediated leukotriene B4 and lactoferrin release are decreased in supernatant from anti-CD89 mAbs-treated neutrophils. Finally, anti-CD89 mAb clone 10E7, that was selected based on its selective binding profile on tissue micro arrays, reduced anti-mouse collagen XVII hIgA-induced neutrophil influx in an in vivo linear IgA bullous disease (LABD) mice model. Conclusion This study clearly indicates that our newly developed anti-CD89 mAbs inhibited IgA-induced neutrophil activation and reduced anti-autoantigen IgA-induced neutrophil influx in vivo, supporting further clinical development for the treatment of LABD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe A. M. van Delft
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esil Aleyd
- Research and Development, Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Richard van der Mast
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niels de Jong
- Research and Development, Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Louis Boon
- Research and Development, Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Research and Development, JJP Biologics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter J. Simons
- Research and Development, Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marjolein van Egmond,
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Bjornson-Hooper ZB, Fragiadakis GK, Spitzer MH, Chen H, Madhireddy D, Hu K, Lundsten K, McIlwain DR, Nolan GP. A Comprehensive Atlas of Immunological Differences Between Humans, Mice, and Non-Human Primates. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867015. [PMID: 35359965 PMCID: PMC8962947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are an integral part of the drug development and evaluation process. However, they are unsurprisingly imperfect reflections of humans, and the extent and nature of many immunological differences are unknown. With the rise of targeted and biological therapeutics, it is increasingly important that we understand the molecular differences in the immunological behavior of humans and model organisms. However, very few antibodies are raised against non-human primate antigens, and databases of cross-reactivity between species are incomplete. Thus, we screened 332 antibodies in five immune cell populations in blood from humans and four non-human primate species generating a comprehensive cross-reactivity catalog that includes cell type-specificity. We used this catalog to create large mass cytometry universal cross-species phenotyping and signaling panels for humans, along with three of the model organisms most similar to humans: rhesus and cynomolgus macaques and African green monkeys; and one of the mammalian models most widely used in drug development: C57BL/6 mice. As a proof-of-principle, we measured immune cell signaling responses across all five species to an array of 15 stimuli using mass cytometry. We found numerous instances of different cellular phenotypes and immune signaling events occurring within and between species, and detailed three examples (double-positive T cell frequency and signaling; granulocyte response to Bacillus anthracis antigen; and B cell subsets). We also explore the correlation of herpes simian B virus serostatus on the immune profile. Antibody panels and the full dataset generated are available online as a resource to enable future studies comparing immune responses across species during the evaluation of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela K. Fragiadakis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Data Science CoLab and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Matthew H. Spitzer
- Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Departments of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Deepthi Madhireddy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kelly Lundsten
- BioLegend Inc, Advanced Cytometry, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David R. McIlwain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Garry P. Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Lopez E, Shattock RJ, Kent SJ, Chung AW. The Multifaceted Nature of Immunoglobulin A and Its Complex Role in HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:727-738. [PMID: 30056749 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin in mucosal secretions, and understanding the role of IgA in both protection from HIV acquisition and modulation of HIV disease progression is a field of considerable controversy and renewed research interest. Analysis of the RV144 clinical trial associated plasma HIV envelope-specific monomeric IgA from vaccines with reduced vaccine efficacy. The RV144 trial, however, only assessed for plasma IgA, which was not further subclassed, and the role of mucosal IgA was not addressed as mucosal samples were not collected. On the other hand, several studies have detected envelope-specific IgA in mucosal secretions of highly exposed persistently seronegative cohorts, while recent macaque simian-HIV passive immunization studies have suggested a potentially protective role for mucosal IgA. It is well established that total IgA in serum appears to correlate with HIV disease progression. In contrast, a selective deficit of anti-HIV IgA responses in HIV infection is apparent, with a number of recent studies beginning to elucidate the mechanisms behind these dysfunctional IgA responses. In this review, we highlight the dichotomy that exists in the literature as to whether anti-HIV IgA is protective or harmful to the host. Herein, we emphasize the importance of distinguishing between monomeric, multimeric, and isoforms of IgA and review what is known about the complex and diverse interactions of various molecular forms of IgA with HIV in both the systemic circulation and mucosal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Hensley-McBain T, Berard AR, Manuzak JA, Miller CJ, Zevin AS, Polacino P, Gile J, Agricola B, Cameron M, Hu SL, Estes JD, Reeves RK, Smedley J, Keele BF, Burgener AD, Klatt NR. Intestinal damage precedes mucosal immune dysfunction in SIV infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1429-1440. [PMID: 29907866 PMCID: PMC6162106 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
HIV and pathogenic SIV infection are characterized by mucosal dysfunction including epithelial barrier damage, loss of Th17 cells, neutrophil infiltration, and microbial translocation with accompanying inflammation. However, it is unclear how and when these contributing factors occur relative to one another. In order to determine whether any of these features initiates the cycle of damage, we longitudinally evaluated the kinetics of mucosal and systemic T-cell activation, microbial translocation, and Th17 cell and neutrophil frequencies following intrarectal SIV infection of rhesus macaques. We additionally assessed the colon proteome to elucidate molecular pathways altered early after infection. We demonstrate increased T-cell activation (HLA-DR+) beginning 3-14 days post-SIV challenge, reduced peripheral zonulin 3-14 days post-SIV, and evidence of microbial translocation 14 days post-SIV. The onset of mucosal dysfunction preceded peripheral and mucosal Th17 depletion, which occurred 14-28 days post-SIV, and gut neutrophil accumulation was not observed. Proteins involved in epithelial structure were downregulated 3 days post-SIV followed by an upregulation of immune proteins 14 days post-SIV. These data demonstrate that immune perturbations such as Th17 loss and neutrophil infiltration occur after alterations to epithelial structural protein pathways, suggesting that epithelial damage occurs prior to widespread immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Hensley-McBain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicia R Berard
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Manuzak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charlene J Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander S Zevin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jillian Gile
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Agricola
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Adam D Burgener
- National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nichole R Klatt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Bergeron LM, McCandless EE, Dunham S, Dunkle B, Zhu Y, Shelly J, Lightle S, Gonzales A, Bainbridge G. Comparative functional characterization of canine IgG subclasses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 157:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Trist HM, Tan PS, Wines BD, Ramsland PA, Orlowski E, Stubbs J, Gardiner EE, Pietersz GA, Kent SJ, Stratov I, Burton DR, Hogarth PM. Polymorphisms and interspecies differences of the activating and inhibitory FcγRII of Macaca nemestrina influence the binding of human IgG subclasses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:792-803. [PMID: 24342805 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Little is known of the impact of Fc receptor (FcR) polymorphism in macaques on the binding of human (hu)IgG, and nothing is known of this interaction in the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina), which is used in preclinical evaluation of vaccines and therapeutic Abs. We defined the sequence and huIgG binding characteristics of the M. nemestrina activating FcγRIIa (mnFcγRIIa) and inhibitory FcγRIIb (mnFcγRIIb) and predicted their structures using the huIgGFc/huFcγRIIa crystal structure. Large differences were observed in the binding of huIgG by mnFcγRIIa and mnFcγRIIb compared with their human FcR counterparts. MnFcγRIIa has markedly impaired binding of huIgG1 and huIgG2 immune complexes compared with huFcγRIIa (His(131)). In contrast, mnFcγRIIb has enhanced binding of huIgG1 and broader specificity, as, unlike huFcγRIIb, it avidly binds IgG2. Mutagenesis and molecular modeling of mnFcγRIIa showed that Pro(159) and Tyr(160) impair the critical FG loop interaction with huIgG. The enhanced binding of huIgG1 and huIgG2 by mnFcγRIIb was shown to be dependent on His(131) and Met(132). Significantly, both His(131) and Met(132) are conserved across FcγRIIb of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. We identified functionally significant polymorphism of mnFcγRIIa wherein proline at position 131, also an important polymorphic site in huFcγRIIa, almost abolished binding of huIgG2 and huIgG1 and reduced binding of huIgG3 compared with mnFcγRIIa His(131). These marked interspecies differences in IgG binding between human and macaque FcRs and polymorphisms within species have implications for preclinical evaluation of Abs and vaccines in macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina M Trist
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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Attanasio R, Scinicariello F, Blount BC, Valentin-Blasini L, Rogers KA, Nguyen DC, Murray HE. Pendrin mediates uptake of perchlorate in a mammalian in vitro system. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:1484-1488. [PMID: 21550633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate is a known endocrine disruptor present in groundwater, vegetables and dairy food products in many regions of the United States. It interferes with the uptake of iodide into the thyrocyte by the sodium-iodide symporter at the basolateral surface, thus potentially disrupting the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Because transport of iodide from the thyroid follicular cells to the follicular lumen is mediated by the protein pendrin at the apical surface, we hypothesized that perchlorate may also interact with this protein. Therefore, HeLa cells were transfected with the human SLC26A4 gene, which encodes pendrin, to generate an in vitro mammalian system expressing the recombinant pendrin protein (HeLa-PDS). The HeLa-PDS cells, along with untransfected cells, were then cultured in presence of iodide and/or perchlorate. Intracellular levels of these two chemicals were measured by ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results from this study show that iodide and perchlorate uptake increases significantly in HeLa-PDS cells as compared to untransfected cells. Thus, recombinant HeLa cells expressing pendrin protein accumulate iodide and perchlorate intracellularly, indicating that pendrin is involved in the uptake of perchlorate. Additional results from this study suggest that iodide and perchlorate competitively inhibit each other for uptake by pendrin. The ability of perchlorate to compete with iodide for uptake by both basal and apical transporters may increase the potential of perturbation of thyroid homeostasis and therefore the estimated risk posed to susceptible human populations.
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Nguyen DC, Scinicariello F, Attanasio R. Characterization and allelic polymorphisms of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) IgG Fc receptor genes. Immunogenetics 2011; 63:351-62. [PMID: 21327607 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Macaque models are invaluable for AIDS research. Indeed, initial development of HIV-1 vaccines relies heavily on simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. Neutralizing antibodies, a major component of anti-HIV protective responses, ultimately interact with Fc receptors on phagocytic and natural killer cells to eliminate the pathogen. Despite the major role that Fc receptors play in protective responses, there is very limited information available on these molecules in rhesus macaques. Therefore, in this study, rhesus macaque CD32 (FcγRII) and CD64 (FcγRI) homologues were genetically characterized. In addition, presence of CD16 (FcγRIII), CD32, and CD64 allelic polymorphisms were determined in a group of nine animals. Results from this study show that the predicted structures of macaque CD32 and CD64 are highly similar to their human counterparts. Macaque and human CD32 and CD64 extracellular domains are 88-90% and 94-95% homologous, respectively. Although all cysteines are conserved between the two species, macaque CD32 exhibits two additional N-linked glycosylation sites, whereas CD64 lacks three of them when compared to humans. Five CD32, three CD64, and three CD16 distinct allelic sequences were indentified in the nine animals examined, indicating a relatively high level of polymorphism in macaque Fcγ receptors. Together, these results validate rhesus macaques as models for vaccine development and antibody responses, while at the same time, underscoring the need to take into account the high degree of genetic heterogeneity present in this species when designing experimental protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan C Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Qian K, Xie F, Gibson AW, Edberg JC, Kimberly RP, Wu J. Functional expression of IgA receptor FcalphaRI on human platelets. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:1492-500. [PMID: 18784345 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0508327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
FcalphaRI (CD89) is a human IgA FcR expressed on cells of myeloid lineage such as neutrophils, monocytes, tissue macrophages, eosinophils, and subpopulations of dendritic cells. FcalphaRI mediates cell activation through Src family kinases and downstream tyrosine-based phosphorylation pathways. However, the role of IgA and the expression and role of its cognate receptor FcalphaRI (CD89) in platelet activation are undefined. In the current study, we demonstrate that human platelets express FcalphaRI mRNAs and proteins. Furthermore, we show that the platelet FcalphaRI is associated with the FcR gamma-chain, and cross-linking of FcalphaRI leads to Syk phosphorylation. Clustering of FcalphaRI induces pre-mRNA splicing and protein production of tissue factor and IL-1beta, suggesting novel roles for human platelet FcalphaRI and serum IgA in thrombosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 202 Shelby Interdisciplinary Biomedical Science Building, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, USA
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Rogers KA, Jayashankar L, Scinicariello F, Attanasio R. Nonhuman primate IgA: genetic heterogeneity and interactions with CD89. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:4816-24. [PMID: 18354205 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are extremely valuable animal models for a variety of human diseases. However, it is now becoming evident that these models, although widely used, are still uncharacterized. The major role that nonhuman primate species play in AIDS research as well as in the testing of Ab-based therapeutics requires the full characterization of structure and function of their Ab molecules. IgA is the Ab class mostly involved in protection at mucosal surfaces. By binding to its specific Fc receptor CD89, IgA plays additional and poorly understood roles in immunity. Therefore, Ig heavy alpha (IGHA) constant (C) genes were cloned and sequenced in four different species (rhesus macaques, pig-tailed macaques, baboons, and sooty mangabeys). Sequence analysis confirmed the high degree of intraspecies polymorphism present in nonhuman primates. Individual animals were either homozygous or heterozygous for IGHA genes. Highly variable hinge regions were shared by animals of different geographic origins and were present in different combinations in heterozygous animals. Therefore, it appears that although highly heterogeneous, hinge sequences are present only in limited numbers in various nonhuman primate populations. A macaque recombinant IgA molecule was generated and used to assess its interaction with a recombinant macaque CD89. Macaque CD89 was able to bind its native ligand as well as human IgA1 and IgA2. Presence of Ag enhanced macaque IgA binding and blocking of macaque CD89 N-glycosylation reduced CD89 expression. Together, our results suggest that, despite the presence of IgA polymorphism, nonhuman primates appear suitable for studies that involve the IgA/CD89 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Rogers
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Dechant M, Beyer T, Schneider-Merck T, Weisner W, Peipp M, van de Winkel JGJ, Valerius T. Effector Mechanisms of Recombinant IgA Antibodies against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:2936-43. [PMID: 17709508 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IgA is the most abundantly produced Ab isotype in humans, but its potential as immunotherapeutic reagent has hardly been explored. In this study, we describe anti-tumor mechanisms of mouse/human chimeric IgA Abs against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R). EGF-R Abs of IgG isotype are currently approved for the treatment of colon or head and neck cancers. As expected, the human IgG1, IgA(1), and IgA(2) variants of the 225 Ab demonstrated similar binding to EGF-R. Furthermore, IgA Abs were as effective as IgG in mediating direct effector mechanisms such as blockade of EGF binding, inhibition of EGF-R phosphorylation, and induction of growth inhibition. None of the three variants induced complement-mediated lysis. Human IgG1 effectively recruited MNC for ADCC, but activated PMN only weakly, whereas both IgA isoforms proved to be effective in triggering neutrophils. Interestingly, the IgA(2) isoform was significantly superior to its IgA(1) counterpart in recruiting PMN as effector cells. Because neutrophils constitute the most abundant effector cell population in human blood, this enhanced neutrophil recruitment lead to increased killing of EGF-R expressing tumor cells in whole blood assays. This killing was further enhanced when blood from G-CSF-primed donors was compared with healthy donor blood. Together, these data suggest EGF-R Abs of human IgA isotype to bear promise for therapeutic use in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dechant
- Division of Nephrology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 12, Kiel, Germany
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Scinicariello F, Masseoud F, Jayashankar L, Attanasio R. Sooty mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus atys) IGHG and IGHA genes. Immunogenetics 2006; 58:955-65. [PMID: 17048039 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-006-0152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are adaptor molecules of the immune system that link antigen recognition with the effector mechanisms responsible for antigen clearance. Several nonhuman primate species are widely used in biomedical research, especially for vaccine development and for AIDS-related studies. However, nonhuman primate antibody molecules have been characterized only partially and only in a few species. Here, we describe sooty mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus atys) IGHG and IGHA genes, which encode the heavy-chain constant region of IgG and IgA molecules, respectively. The four mangabey IGHG genes are highly homologous to the rhesus macaque and baboon IGHG genes (percent identity varies between 94.0 and 98.8, depending on the subclass), with most amino acid differences located in the hinge regions. Results obtained by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction show that the four IGHG genes are expressed at least at the mRNA level. The mangabey IGHA gene is highly homologous to the corresponding gene from rhesus macaques (percent identity ranges from 88.6 to 96.7, depending on the allele considered), the only other nonhominoid primate species for which the complete sequence of the IGHA gene is currently available. In the mangabey analyzed, two IGHA alleles are present, confirming that high levels of IGHA gene heterozygosity are present in monkey species. These results show that nonhuman primate gamma and alpha heavy chains differ from each other mostly at the level of the hinge region and that alpha sequence heterogeneity in nonhuman primate species is also present in other gamma regions. In addition, these results provide sequence information that can be used for residue frequency analysis of antibody heavy-chain constant region sequences.
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Rogers KA, Richardson JP, Scinicariello F, Attanasio R. Molecular characterization of immunoglobulin D in mammals: immunoglobulin heavy constant delta genes in dogs, chimpanzees and four old world monkey species. Immunology 2006; 118:88-100. [PMID: 16630026 PMCID: PMC1782270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are adaptor molecules that neutralize pathogens and link humoral and cellular defence mechanisms. Immunoglobulin D (IgD), one of the five antibody classes present in mammals, is expressed as an antigen receptor on naïve B cells. The functional role that IgD plays in the immune response is still poorly understood, but the recent characterization of immunoglobulin heavy constant delta genes (IGHD) in a variety of species challenges the view that IgD is of minor importance and is not present in many animals. On the basis of serological studies, IgD appears to be expressed in the majority of mammalian species examined. To confirm, at the molecular level, that IgD is present in different species, we cloned and sequenced IGHD cDNA from dogs and five non-human primate species (chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, cynomolgus macaque, baboon and sooty mangabey). Our results show that in all six species, IgD heavy chains possess three immunoglobulin domains and a long hinge region encoded by two exons. Only the hinge region of non-human primates is similar to the human hinge region, with conservation of O-glycosylation sites and multiple charged residues at opposing ends. The preservation of IgD in primates, dogs and previously characterized species suggests an important functional role for IgD, possibly involving binding to a receptor. The high degree of similarity existing between the structural features of human and non-human primate IgD suggests that non-human primates are suitable for in vivo studies designed to define the role that IgD plays in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Rogers
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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Abstract
The vast surfaces of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts represent major sites of potential attack by invading micro-organisms. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), as the principal antibody class in the secretions that bathe these mucosal surfaces, acts as an important first line of defence. IgA, also an important serum immunoglobulin, mediates a variety of protective functions through interaction with specific receptors and immune mediators. The importance of such protection is underlined by the fact that certain pathogens have evolved mechanisms to compromise IgA-mediated defence, providing an opportunity for more effective invasion. IgA function may also be perturbed in certain disease states, some of which are characterized by deposition of IgA in specific tissues. This review details current understanding of the roles played by IgA in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Woof
- Division of Pathology and Neuroscience, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, UK.
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Snoeck V, Peters IR, Cox E. The IgA system: a comparison of structure and function in different species. Vet Res 2006; 37:455-67. [PMID: 16611558 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2006010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant immunoglobulin isotype on most mucosal surfaces is secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), a polypeptide complex comprising two IgA monomers, the connecting J chain, and the secretory component. The molecular stability and strong anti-inflammatory properties make SIgA particularly well suited to provide protective immunity to the vulnerable mucosal surfaces by preventing invasion of inhaled and ingested pathogens. In contrast to SIgA, IgA in serum functions as an inflammatory antibody through interaction with FcalphaR on immune effector cells. Although IgA appears to share common features and protective functions in different species, significant variations exist within the IgA systems of different species. This review will give an overview of the basic concepts underlying mucosal IgA defence which will focus on the variations present among species in structure, antibody repertoire development, pIgR-mediated transport, colostral IgA content, hepatobiliary transport, and function with particular emphasis on the IgA system of the pig and dog. These interspecies variations emphasise the importance of elucidating and analysing the IgA system within the immune system of the species of interest rather than inferring roles from conclusions made in human and mouse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Snoeck
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Abstract
Due to their vast surface area, the mucosal surfaces of the body represent a major site of potential attack by invading pathogens. The secretions that bathe mucosal surfaces contain significant levels of immunoglobulins (Igs), which play key roles in immune defense of these surfaces. IgA is the predominant antibody class in many external secretions and has many functional attributes, both direct and indirect, that serve to prevent infective agents such as bacteria and viruses from breaching the mucosal barrier. This review details current understanding of the structural and functional characteristics of IgA, including interaction with specific receptors (such as Fc(alpha)RI, Fc(alpha)/microR, and CD71) and presents examples of the means by which certain pathogens circumvent the protective properties of this important Ig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Woof
- Division of Pathology and Neuroscience, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK.
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Abstract
The biological role of IgA depends, at least partly, on the interaction with specific receptors (FcalphaRs) on the surface of leukocytes. The human FcalphaR, CD89, was the first IgA Fc receptor to be identified, and binding of IgA-coated particles to CD89 triggers numerous cellular effector functions including phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and release of inflammatory mediators. Recently, CD89 orthologs have been identified in a number of other species, including cows and horses. This brief review will summarize our current knowledge regarding the structure and function of bovine and equine CD89.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Craig Morton
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Institute of Pathology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway..
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Woof
- Division of Pathology and Neuroscience, University of Dundee Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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