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Somu P, Mohanty S, Basavegowda N, Yadav AK, Paul S, Baek KH. The Interplay between Heat Shock Proteins and Cancer Pathogenesis: A Novel Strategy for Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:638. [PMID: 38339390 PMCID: PMC10854888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are developmentally conserved families of protein found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. HSPs are engaged in a diverse range of physiological processes, including molecular chaperone activity to assist the initial protein folding or promote the unfolding and refolding of misfolded intermediates to acquire the normal or native conformation and its translocation and prevent protein aggregation as well as in immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy. These molecular chaperonins are classified into various families according to their molecular size or weight, encompassing small HSPs (e.g., HSP10 and HSP27), HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and the category of large HSPs that include HSP100 and ClpB proteins. The overexpression of HSPs is induced to counteract cell stress at elevated levels in a variety of solid tumors, including anticancer chemotherapy, and is closely related to a worse prognosis and therapeutic resistance to cancer cells. HSPs are also involved in anti-apoptotic properties and are associated with processes of cancer progression and development, such as metastasis, invasion, and cell proliferation. This review outlines the previously mentioned HSPs and their significant involvement in diverse mechanisms of tumor advancement and metastasis, as well as their contribution to identifying potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathap Somu
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, School of Civil & Chemical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur 303007, India;
| | - Sonali Mohanty
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India;
| | - Nagaraj Basavegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea;
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioengineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Subhankar Paul
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India;
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38451, Republic of Korea;
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Lampros M, Vlachos N, Voulgaris S, Alexiou GA. The Role of Hsp27 in Chemotherapy Resistance. Biomedicines 2022; 10:897. [PMID: 35453647 PMCID: PMC9028095 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein (Hsp)-27 is a small-sized, ATP-independent, chaperone molecule that is overexpressed under conditions of cellular stress such as oxidative stress and heat shock, and protects proteins from unfolding, thus facilitating proteostasis and cellular survival. Despite its protective role in normal cell physiology, Hsp27 overexpression in various cancer cell lines is implicated in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis through various mechanisms, including modulation of the SWH pathway, inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of EMT, adaptation of CSCs in the tumor microenvironment and induction of angiogenesis. Investigation of the role of Hsp27 in the resistance of various cancer cell types against doxorubicin, herceptin/trastuzumab, gemcitabine, 5-FU, temozolomide, and paclitaxel suggested that Hsp27 overexpression promotes cancer cell survival against the above-mentioned chemotherapeutic agents. Conversely, Hsp27 inhibition increased the efficacy of those chemotherapy drugs, both in vitro and in vivo. Although numerous signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms were implicated in that chemotherapy resistance, Hsp27 most commonly contributed to the upregulation of Akt/mTOR signaling cascade and inactivation of p53, thus inhibiting the chemotherapy-mediated induction of apoptosis. Blockage of Hsp27 could enhance the cytotoxic effect of well-established chemotherapeutic drugs, especially in difficult-to-treat cancer types, ultimately improving patients' outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - George A. Alexiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, St. Niarhou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (M.L.); (N.V.); (S.V.)
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Li PH, Cai YJ, Zhu XL, Yang JDH, Yang SQ, Huang W, Wei SN, Zhou S, Wei JG, Qin QW, Sun HY. Epinephelus coioides Hsp27 negatively regulates innate immune response and apoptosis induced by Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:470-480. [PMID: 34933091 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are important for maintaining protein homeostasis and cell survival. In this study, Hsp27 of Epinephelus coioides, an economically important marine fish in China and Southeast Asian countries, was characterized. E. coioides Hsp27 contains the consered ACD_HspB1_like domain and three p38 MAPK phosphorylation sites, located at Thr-13, Thr-60 and Ser-167. E. coioides Hsp27 was distributed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, its mRNA was detected in all 14 tissues examined, and its expression was up-regulated after challenge with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), an important E. coioides pathogen. Over-expression of E. coioides Hsp27 significantly upregulated the expressions of the key SGIV genes (VP19, LITAF, MCP, and ICP18), downgraded the expressions of the E. coioides immune factors (IRF3, IRF7, ISG15, and TRAF6) and proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-8), downgraded the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), and substantially inhibited the cell apoptosis induced by SGIV infection. These data illustrated that E. coioides Hsp27 might be involved in SGIV infection by negatively regulating the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hong Li
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yi-Jie Cai
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiang-Long Zhu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jia-Deng-Hui Yang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shi-Qi Yang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shi-Na Wei
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jing-Guang Wei
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yan Sun
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Characterization of Two Small Heat Shock Protein Genes ( Hsp17.4 and Hs20.3) from Sitodiplosis mosellana, and Their Expression Regulation during Diapause. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12020119. [PMID: 33572953 PMCID: PMC7911813 DOI: 10.3390/insects12020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) play important roles in thermal adaptation of various organisms, and insect diapause. Sitodiplosis mosellana, a key pest of wheat worldwide, undergoes obligatory larval diapause in soil to survive adverse temperature extremes during hot summers and cold winters. The objectives of this study were to characterize two sHsp genes from S. mosellana (SmHsp17.4 and SmHsp20.3), and determine their expression in response to diapause, extreme high/low temperatures, or 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatment. Expression of SmHsp17.4 was down-regulated upon entry into diapause, but up-regulated during the shift to post-diapause quiescence. In contrast, expression of SmHsp20.3 was not affected by entry into diapause, but was pronounced during summer and winter. Furthermore, transcripts of both SmHsps were highly responsive to heat (≥35 °C) and cold (≤−5 °C) during diapause, and topical application of 20E on diapausing larvae also induced SmHsp17.4 in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the recombinant SmHsp17.4 and SmHsp20.3 exhibited significant molecular chaperone activity. In conclusion, SmHsp17.4 and SmHsp20.3 play essential roles in heat/cold adaptation, and 20E-mediated SmHsp17.4 was also likely involved in diapause termination. Results have improved our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying diapause and related stress tolerance in S. mosellana. Abstract Sitodiplosis mosellana, a periodic but devastating wheat pest that escapes temperature extremes in summer and winter by undergoing obligatory diapause. To determine the roles of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) in diapause of S. mosellana, we characterized two sHsp genes, SmHsp17.4 and SmHsp20.3, from this species. Both SmHsps contained the conserved α-crystallin domain and the carboxy-terminal I/VXI/V motif of the sHsp family. SmHsp17.4 had one intron while SmHsp20.3 had none. Quantitative PCR revealed that SmHsp17.4 expression decreased after diapause initiation, but substantially increased during transition to post-diapause quiescence. In contrast, SmHsp20.3 expression was not affected by entry of diapause, but was clearly up-regulated during summer and winter. Short-term more severe heat-stress (≥35 °C) of over-summering larvae or cold-stress (≤−5 °C) of over-wintering larvae could stimulate higher expression of both genes, and SmHsp17.4 was more responsive to cold stress while SmHsp20.3 was more sensitive to heat stress. Notably, transcription of SmHsp17.4, but not SmHsp20.3, in diapausing larvae was inducible by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Recombinant SmHsp17.4 and SmHsp20.3 proteins also displayed significant chaperone functionality. These findings suggest that both SmHsps play key roles in stress tolerance during diapause; and 20E-regulated SmHsp17.4 was also likely involved in diapause termination.
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Scannapieco AC, Conte CA, Rivarola M, Wulff JP, Muntaabski I, Ribone A, Milla F, Cladera JL, Lanzavecchia SB. Transcriptome analysis of Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 males, females, and embryos: insights into development, courtship, and reproduction. BMC Genet 2020; 21:136. [PMID: 33339505 PMCID: PMC7747455 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 is considered a quarantine pest in several American countries. Since chemical control applied in an integrated pest management program is the only strategy utilized against this pest, the development of pesticide-free methods, such as the Sterile Insect Technique, is being considered. The search for genes involved in sex-determination and differentiation, and in metabolic pathways associated with communication and mating behaviour, contributes with key information to the development of genetic control strategies. The aims of this work were to perform a comprehensive analysis of A. fraterculus sp. 1 transcriptome and to obtain an initial evaluation of genes associated with main metabolic pathways by the expression analysis of specific transcripts identified in embryos and adults. RESULTS Sexually mature adults of both sexes and 72 h embryos were considered for transcriptome analysis. The de novo transcriptome assembly was fairly complete (62.9% complete BUSCO orthologs detected) with a total of 86,925 transcripts assembled and 28,756 GO annotated sequences. Paired-comparisons between libraries showed 319 transcripts differently expressed between embryos and females, 1242 between embryos and males, and 464 between sexes. Using this information and genes searches based on published studies from other tephritid species, we evaluated a set of transcripts involved in development, courtship and metabolic pathways. The qPCR analysis evidenced that the early genes serendipity alpha and transformer-2 displayed similar expression levels in the analyzed stages, while heat shock protein 27 is over-expressed in embryos and females in comparison to males. The expression of genes associated with courtship (takeout-like, odorant-binding protein 50a1) differed between males and females, independently of their reproductive status (virgin vs mated individuals). Genes associated with metabolic pathways (maltase 2-like, androgen-induced gene 1) showed differential expression between embryos and adults. Furthermore, 14,262 microsatellite motifs were identified, with 11,208 transcripts containing at least one simple sequence repeat, including 48% of di/trinucleotide motifs. CONCLUSION Our results significantly expand the available gene space of A. fraterculus sp. 1, contributing with a fairly complete transcript database of embryos and adults. The expression analysis of the selected candidate genes, along with a set of microsatellite markers, provides a valuable resource for further genetic characterization of A. fraterculus sp. 1 and supports the development of specific genetic control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Carla Scannapieco
- Instituto de Genética "E. A. Favret" (IGEAF) gv Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituo Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Alejandra Conte
- Instituto de Genética "E. A. Favret" (IGEAF) gv Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituo Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Máximo Rivarola
- Instituto de Biotecnología, IABIMO, INTA - CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Pedro Wulff
- Instituto de Genética "E. A. Favret" (IGEAF) gv Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituo Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irina Muntaabski
- Instituto de Genética "E. A. Favret" (IGEAF) gv Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituo Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Ribone
- Instituto de Biotecnología, IABIMO, INTA - CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabián Milla
- Instituto de Genética "E. A. Favret" (IGEAF) gv Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituo Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Luis Cladera
- Instituto de Genética "E. A. Favret" (IGEAF) gv Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituo Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Beatriz Lanzavecchia
- Instituto de Genética "E. A. Favret" (IGEAF) gv Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituo Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) - Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Functional analysis of a novel orthologous small heat shock protein (shsp) hsp21.8a and seven species-specific shsps in Tribolium castaneum. Genomics 2020; 112:4474-4485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Krawczyk MA, Pospieszynska A, Styczewska M, Bien E, Sawicki S, Marino Gammazza A, Fucarino A, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Extracellular Chaperones as Novel Biomarkers of Overall Cancer Progression and Efficacy of Anticancer Therapy. APPLIED SCIENCES 2020; 10:6009. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in intercellular communication both in physiological and pathological conditions. They play a role in key processes of carcinogenesis including immune system regulation, cell differentiation, vascular homeostasis and metastasis formation. Thus, exosomal Hsps are emerging biomarkers of malignancies and possible therapeutic targets. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are patients aged 15–39 years. This age group, placed between pediatric and adult oncology, pose a particular challenge for cancer management. New biomarkers of cancer growth and progression as well as prognostic factors are desperately needed in AYAs. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current knowledge on the role of exosomal Hsps in selected solid tumors characteristic for the AYA population and/or associated with poor prognosis in this age group. These included malignant melanoma, brain tumors, and breast, colorectal, thyroid, hepatocellular, lung and gynecological tract carcinomas. The studies on exosomal Hsps in these tumors are limited; however; some have provided promising results. Although further research is needed, there is potential for future clinical applications of exosomal Hsps in AYA cancers, both as novel biomarkers of disease presence, progression or relapse, or as therapeutic targets or tools for drug delivery.
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García-Reina A, Rossi E, Galián J. Effects of lipopolysaccharide and juvenile hormone III treatments on cell growth and gene expression in the Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) CCE/CC128 cell line. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21617. [PMID: 31512283 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is one of the most important insect pest species in the world. It has a high colonization capacity and population variety, giving it considerable genetic diversity. Strategies for its control have included the sterile insect technique and insect growth regulators. Many studies have analyzed the medfly transcriptome, and along with the medfly genome sequence, the sequences of multiple genes related to sex determination, mating, development, pheromone detection, immunity, or stress have been identified. In this study, the medfly CCE/CC128 cell line was used to assess cell growth variation and changes in the expression of genes covering different functions, after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and juvenile hormone III (JHIII) treatments. No significant effects on cell growth and gene expression were observed in the cells treated with LPS. In the cells treated with JHIII, the results showed significant effects on cell growth, and an overexpression was found of the Shade gene, one of the Halloween gene members of the cytochrome p450 family, which is involved in development and the synthesis of 20-hydroxyecdysone. This study shows preliminary results on the insect cell line in combination with whole-genome sequencing, which can facilitate studies regarding growth, toxicity, immunity, and transcriptome regulations as a response to different compounds and environmental alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés García-Reina
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José Galián
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Lyon MS, Milligan C. Extracellular heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative diseases: New perspectives. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134462. [PMID: 31476356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
One pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and CNS trauma is accumulation of insoluble, hydrophobic molecules and protein aggregations found both within and outside cells. These may be the consequences of an inadequate or overburdened cellular response to stresses resulting from potentially toxic changes in extra- and intracellular environments. The upregulated expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is one example of a highly conserved cellular response to both internal and external stress. Intracellularly these proteins act as chaperones, playing vital roles in the folding of nascent polypeptides, the translocation of proteins between subcellular locations, and the disaggregation of misfolded or aggregated proteins in an attempt to maintain cellular proteostasis during both homeostatic and stressful conditions. While the predominant study of the HSPs has focused on their intracellular chaperone functions, it remains unclear if all neuronal populations can mount a complete stress response. Alternately, it is now well established that some members of this family of proteins can be secreted by nearby, non-neuronal cells to act in the extracellular environment. This review addresses the current literature detailing the use of exogenous and extracellular HSPs in the treatment of cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative disease. These findings offer a new measure of therapeutic potential to the HSPs, but obstacles must be overcome before they can be efficiently used in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles S Lyon
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Carol Milligan
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
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Targeting Heat Shock Protein 27 in Cancer: A Druggable Target for Cancer Treatment? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081195. [PMID: 31426426 PMCID: PMC6721579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), induced by heat shock, environmental, and pathophysiological stressors, is a multi-functional protein that acts as a protein chaperone and an antioxidant. HSP27 plays a significant role in the inhibition of apoptosis and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. HSP27 is upregulated in many cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis, as well as treatment resistance, whereby cells are protected from therapeutic agents that normally induce apoptosis. This review highlights the most recent findings and role of HSP27 in cancer, as well as the strategies for using HSP27 inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
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Identification and Expression Analysis of Four Small Heat Shock Protein Genes in Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius). INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10050139. [PMID: 31096618 PMCID: PMC6572347 DOI: 10.3390/insects10050139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones that play crucial roles in the stress adaption of insects. In this study, we identified and characterized four sHsp genes (LsHsp19.4, 20.2, 20.3, and 22.2) from the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius). The four cDNAs encoded proteins of 169, 180, 181, and 194 amino acids with molecular weights of 19.4, 20.2, 20.3, and 22.2 kDa, respectively. The four LsHsp sequences possessed a typical sHsp domain structure. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that LsHsp19.4 and 20.3 transcripts were most abundant in pupae, whereas the transcript levels of LsHsp20.2 and 22.2 were highest in adults. Transcripts of three LsHsp genes were highly expressed in the larval fat body, whereas LsHsp20.2 displayed an extremely high expression level in the gut. Expression of the four LsHsp genes was dramatically upregulated in larvae exposed to 20-hydroxyecdysone. The majority of the LsHsp genes were significantly upregulated in response to heat and cold treatments, while LsHsp19.4 was insensitive to cold stress. The four genes were upregulated when challenged by immune triggers (peptidoglycan isolated from Staphylococcus aureus and from Escherichia coli 0111:B4). Exposure to CO2 increased LsHsp20.2 and 20.3 transcript levels, but the LsHsp19.4 transcript level declined. The results suggest that different LsHsp genes play important and distinct regulatory roles in L. serricorne development and in response to diverse stresses.
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Quan G, Duan J, Fick W, Kyei-Poku G, Candau JN. Expression profiles of 14 small heat shock protein (sHSP) transcripts during larval diapause and under thermal stress in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (L.). Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:1247-1256. [PMID: 30120691 PMCID: PMC6237677 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diapause is an important strategy for certain insect species to survive unfavorable environmental conditions, including low temperatures experienced when they overwinter in cold climate. Many studies have indicated that the increased expression of heat shock proteins during diapause improves the thermal tolerance of insects. However, the relationship between small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) and diapause is not clear or well-researched. In this study, we investigated the transcript levels of 14 sHSP genes in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, a major pest of spruce and fir in Canada, during pre-diapause, diapause, and post-diapause under normal rearing conditions and in response to a heat shock treatment. We found that sHSP expression profiles could be classified into five patterns under normal laboratory conditions: pattern I was upregulated only during pre-diapause, pattern II was upregulated only during diapause, pattern III was constantly expressed throughout diapause, pattern IV was upregulated in both pre-diapause and diapause, and pattern V was upregulated only during post-diapause. After heat shock, five different expression patterns were observed: pattern I responded weakly or not at all throughout diapause, pattern II responded weakly during the diapause stage but strongly at the onset of diapause and in the post-diapause period, pattern III was upregulated only during post-diapause, pattern IV was strongest during diapause, and pattern V was strongest only in early diapause. These complex expression profiles lead us to suggest that most of the sHSP genes are involved in the diapause process and that they may have multiple and important roles in different phases of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Quan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - Jun Duan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - William Fick
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - George Kyei-Poku
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Jean-Noël Candau
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
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Quan G, Duan J, Ladd T, Krell PJ. Identification and expression analysis of multiple small heat shock protein genes in spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (L.). Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:141-154. [PMID: 28755305 PMCID: PMC5741589 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen small heat shock protein (sHSP) genes were identified from spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (L.), an important native forest pest in North America. The transcript levels of each CfHSP were measured under non-stress conditions in all life stages from egg to adult and in five different larval tissues. CfHSP transcript levels showed variation during development, with highest levels in adults and lowest in eggs. Most CfHSP transcripts are highly expressed in larval fat body and Malpighian tubules; two CfHSPs display extremely high expression in the head and epidermis. Upon heat stress, nine CfHSP genes are significantly upregulated, increasing by 50- to 2500-fold depending on developmental stage and tissue type. Upon starvation, eight CfHSPs are upregulated or downregulated, whereas six others retain constant expression. These results suggest that CfHSPs have important and multiple roles in spruce budworm development and in response to heat stress and starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Quan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, P6A2E5, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.
| | - Jun Duan
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, P6A2E5, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, N1G2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tim Ladd
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, P6A2E5, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
| | - Peter J Krell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, N1G2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada
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14
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The small heat shock protein Hsp27: Present understanding and future prospects. J Therm Biol 2017; 69:149-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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15
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Dou W, Tian Y, Liu H, Shi Y, Smagghe G, Wang JJ. Characteristics of six small heat shock protein genes from Bactrocera dorsalis: Diverse expression under conditions of thermal stress and normal growth. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 213:8-16. [PMID: 28735974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To explore the functions of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) in relation to thermal stress and development in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), one of the most economically important pest species attacking a wide range of fruits and vegetables, six full-length cDNAs of sHsp genes (BdHsp17.7, 18.4, 20.4, 20.6, 21.6 and 23.8) were cloned, and the expression patterns in different developmental stages and tissues, as well as in response to both thermal and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) exposures, were examined using real time quantitative PCR. The open reading frames (ORFs) of six sHsps are 453, 489, 537, 543, 567 and 630bp in length, encoding proteins with molecular weights of 17.7, 18.4, 20.4, 20.6, 21.6 and 23.8kDa, respectively. BdHsp18.4 and BdHsp20.4 maintained lower expression levels in both eggs and larvae, whereas remarkably up-regulated after the larval-pupal transformation, suggesting that these two sHsps may be involved in metamorphosis. Significant tissue specificity exists among sHsps: the highest expression of BdHsp20.6 and BdHsp23.8 in the Malpighian tubules and ovary, respectively, versus a peak in the fat body for others. BdHsp20.4 and BdHsp20.6 were significantly up-regulated by thermal stress. In contrast, BdHsp18.4 and BdHsp23.8 reacted only to heat stress. BdHsp17.7 and BdHsp21.6 were insensitive to both heat and cold stresses. The degree of sHsps response depends on intensity of 20E treatment, i.e., dose and time. These results strongly suggest functional differentiation within the sHsp subfamily in B. dorsalis. The physiological function of sHsp members under thermal stress and normal growth remains the subjects of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Martín-Folgar R, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Cadmium alters the expression of small heat shock protein genes in the aquatic midge Chironomus riparius. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:485-492. [PMID: 27889514 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread and highly toxic heavy metal of particular ecotoxicological relevance for aquatic ecosystems. It occurs naturally in the environment but is also an industrial pollutant with extensively researched carcinogenic potentials. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are chaperones that play an important role in maintaining protein homeostasis under stress conditions. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) comprise the most diverse group of the HSPs family. They are expressed both constitutively and by stress-induction. The midge Chironomus riparius is widely used as a test species in aquatic toxicology. In the present study, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the effects of acute Cd exposure to the expression profile of seven shsp genes (hsp17, hsp21, hsp22, hsp23, hsp24, hsp27, and hsp34) in C. riparius larvae. Results show a specific pattern of response with a rapid response by hsp27, which was downregulated at 2-6 h, while the rest of the shsp genes remained unaltered except for hsp17 at 2 h, which was upregulated. However, at 24 h of exposure are observed high levels of hsp23, hsp24, hsp27, and hsp34 transcription while hsp22 mRNA levels were downregulated and hsp17 and hsp21 remained unaltered. These changes in gene expression suggest a functional diversity between the sHSPs in the cellular response to heavy metal stress. The differential pattern in comparison with heat shock supports a specific profile depending on the stress supporting the use of shsp genes as suitable biomarkers for ecotoxicological studies on aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martín-Folgar
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Economou K, Kotsiliti E, Mintzas AC. Stage and cell-specific expression and intracellular localization of the small heat shock protein Hsp27 during oogenesis and spermatogenesis in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 96:64-72. [PMID: 27756555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell-specific expression and intracellular distribution of the small heat protein Hsp27 was investigated in the ovaries and testes of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (medfly), under both normal and heat shock conditions. For this study, a gfp-hsp27 strain was used to detect the chimeric protein by confocal microscopy. In unstressed ovaries, the protein was expressed throughout egg development in a stage and cell-specific pattern. In germarium, the protein was detected in the cytoplasm of the somatic cells in both unstressed and heat-shocked ovaries. In the early stages of oogenesis of unstressed ovaries, the protein was mainly located in the perinuclear region of the germ cells and in the cytoplasm of the follicle cells, while in later stages (9-10) it was distributed in the cytoplasm of the germ cells. In late stages (12-14), the protein changed localization pattern and was exclusively associated with the nuclei of the somatic cells. In heat shocked ovaries, the protein was mainly located in the nuclei of the somatic cells throughout egg chamber's development. In unstressed testes, the chimeric protein was detected in the nuclei of primary spermatocytes and in the filamentous structures of spermatid bundles, called actin cones. Interestingly, after a heat shock, the protein presented the same cell-specific localization pattern as in unstressed testes. Furthermore, the protein was also detected in the nuclei of the epithelial cells of the deferent duct, the accessory glands and the ejaculatory bulb. Our data suggest that medfly Hsp27 may have cell-specific functions, especially in the nucleus. Moreover, the association of this protein to actin cones during spermatid individualization, suggests a possible role of the protein in the formation and stabilization of actin cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Economou
- University of Patras, Department of Biology, University Campus, 26504 Rio, Greece.
| | - Elena Kotsiliti
- University of Patras, Department of Biology, University Campus, 26504 Rio, Greece.
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18
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Singh MK, Tiwari PK. Cloning & sequence identification of Hsp27 gene and expression analysis of the protein on thermal stress in Lucilia cuprina. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:555-568. [PMID: 25755181 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hsp27, a highly conserved small molecular weight heat shock protein, is widely known to be developmentally regulated and heat inducible. Its role in thermotolerance is also implicated. This study is a sequel of our earlier studies to understand the molecular organization of heat shock genes/proteins and their role in development and thermal adaptation in a sheep pest, Lucilia cuprina (blowfly), which exhibits unusually high adaptability to a variety of environmental stresses, including heat and chemicals. In this report our aim was to understand the evolutionary relationship of Lucilia hsp27 gene/protein with those of other species and its role in thermal adaptation. We sequence characterized the Lchsp27 gene (coding region) and analyzed its expression in various larval and adult tissues under normal as well as heat shock conditions. The nucleotide sequence analysis of 678 bps long-coding region of Lchsp27 exhibited closest evolutionary proximity with Drosophila (90.09%), which belongs to the same order, Diptera. Heat shock caused significant enhancement in the expression of Lchsp27 gene in all the larval and adult tissues examined, however, in a tissue specific manner. Significantly, in Malpighian tubules, while the heat-induced level of hsp27 transcript (mRNA) appeared increased as compared to control, the protein level remained unaltered and nuclear localized. We infer that Lchsp27 may have significant role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, particularly, during summer months, when the fly remains exposed to high heat in its natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Singh
- Center for Genomics, Molecular & Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pramod K Tiwari
- Center for Genomics, Molecular & Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India
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19
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Martín-Folgar R, de la Fuente M, Morcillo G, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Characterization of six small HSP genes from Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae): Differential expression under conditions of normal growth and heat-induced stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 188:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Zhang C, Dai L, Wang L, Qian C, Wei G, Li J, Zhu B, Liu C. Inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis influencing the transcripts level of sHSP21.4 gene induced by pathogen infections, in Antheraea pernyi. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121296. [PMID: 25844646 PMCID: PMC4386827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) can regulate protein folding and protect cells from stress. To investigate the role of sHSPs in the silk-producing insect Antheraea pernyi response to microorganisms, a sHsp gene termed as Ap-sHSP21.4, was identified. This gene encoded a 21.4 kDa protein which shares the conserved structure of insect sHsps and belongs to sHSP21.4 family. Ap-sHSP21.4 was highly expressed in fat body and up-regulated in midgut and fat body of A. pernyi challenged with Escherichia coli, Beauveria bassiana and nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), which was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Meanwhile, knock down of Ap-sHSP21.4 with dsRNA result in the decrease at the expression levels of several immune response-related genes (defensin, Dopa decarboxylase, Toll1, lysozyme and Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor). Additionally, the impact of eicosanoid biosynthesis on the expression of Ap-sHSP21.4 response to NPV was determined using qPCR, inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis significantly suppress Ap-HSP21.4 expression upon NPV challenge. All together, Ap-sHSP21.4 was involved in the immunity of A. pernyi against microorganism and possibly mediated by eicosanoids pathway. These results will shed light in the understanding of the pathogen-host interaction in A. pernyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congfen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Hefei, P.R. China, 230036
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Anhui Wuhu, P.R.China, 241002
| | - Lishang Dai
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Hefei, P.R. China, 230036
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Hefei, P.R. China, 230036
| | - Cen Qian
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Hefei, P.R. China, 230036
| | - Guoqing Wei
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Hefei, P.R. China, 230036
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Hefei, P.R. China, 230036
| | - Baojian Zhu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Hefei, P.R. China, 230036
| | - Chaoliang Liu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Hefei, P.R. China, 230036
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21
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Drosopoulou E, Nakou I, Mavragani-Tsipidou P. The Bactrocera oleae genome: localization of nine genes on the polytene chromosomes of the olive fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Genome 2015; 57:573-6. [PMID: 25723592 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2014-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four homologous and five heterologous gene-specific sequences have been mapped by in situ hybridization on the salivary gland polytene chromosomes of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae. The nine genes were dispersed on four of the five autosomal chromosomes, thus enriching the available set of chromosome landmarks for this major agricultural pest. Present data further supports the proposed chromosome homologies among B. oleae, Ceratitis capitata, and Drosophila melanogaster and the idea of the conservation of chromosomal element identity throughout dipteran evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Drosopoulou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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22
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Pujol-Lereis LM, Rabossi A, Quesada-Allué LA. Analysis of survival, gene expression and behavior following chill-coma in the medfly Ceratitis capitata: effects of population heterogeneity and age. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 71:156-163. [PMID: 25449902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The medfly Ceratitis capitata is an agricultural pest distributed worldwide thanks, in part, to its phenotypic plasticity of thermal tolerance. Cold exposure has been shown to reduce C. capitata survival, which may affect its distribution in areas with subfreezing temperatures. When insects are increasingly cooled, they attain a critical thermal threshold and enter a chill-coma state characterized by cessation of movement. It is not clear how a rapid cold exposure affects the physiological state of medflies, and how this is influenced by age and population heterogeneity. In order to approach these questions, C. capitata single-sex laboratory populations of 15 and 30 days old were subjected to a chill-coma recovery assay, and separated according to their recovery time in three subgroups: Fast-Subgroups, Intermediate-Subgroups, and Slow-Subgroups. Thereafter, we analyzed their survival, behavioral, and gene expression outputs. In female and old male populations, we found that flies with the slowest recovery time had a reduced life expectancy, a higher initial mortality rate, and a worse climbing performance compared with flies that recovered faster. Therefore, we were able to separate subgroups that developed chilling-injury from subgroups that had a reversible full recovery after cold exposure. The gene expression analysis of the heat shock protein genes hsp70 and hsp83 showed no clear association with the parameters studied. Interestingly, thorax expression levels of the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene were elevated during the recovery phase in the Fast-Subgroups, but remained constant in the Slow-Subgroups that developed chilling-injury. On the other hand, none of the young male subgroups seemed to have suffered irreversible damage. Thus, we concluded that depending on age and population heterogeneity, chill-coma recovery time points out significant differences on individual cold tolerance. Moreover, the inability to properly induce the antioxidant defense system to counteract the oxidative damage caused by cold seems to contribute to the development of chilling-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mercedes Pujol-Lereis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro Rabossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luis Alberto Quesada-Allué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), CONICET, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Lü ZC, Wang LH, Zhang GF, Wan FH, Guo JY, Yu H, Wang JB. Three Heat Shock Protein Genes from Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax Enderlein: Gene Cloning, Characterization, and Association with Diapause. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 43:362-372. [PMID: 27193815 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax Enderlein is a major pest to wild and cultivated species of citrus. Bactrocera minax produces one generation per year with a long pupal diapause period of over 6 months, which hinders efforts to obtain vast numbers of insects under standard room conditions. Determining the mechanisms of diapause is significantly important for obtaining large quantities of these insects. To characterize the heat shock protein (Hsp) genes of B. minax and to unravel their potential contribution to diapause, we performed 3' and 5' RACE to isolate the complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences, bioinformatics to examine the phylogenetic relationships, and real-time quantitative PCR to detect the expression patterns of three Hsp genes during various developmental stages. These results represent the first characterization of the three Hsp genes of B. minax; the open reading frames of Bmhsp23, Bmhsp70, and Bmhsp90 were 510, 1,911, and 1,089 bp, encoding 170, 636, and 363 amino acids, respectively. BmHsp70 and BmHsp90 displayed high identity to previously identified Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes, respectively. BmHsp23 displayed varying similarity, from 28 to 83%, to previously identified small Hsps. Bmhsp23 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was found to be upregulated during diapause initiation, maintenance, and termination. Bmhsp70 mRNA expression peaked during diapause initiation. Bmhsp90 mRNA expression remained at a relatively low level during deep diapause. Our present results suggest that Bmhsp70 might play an important role in diapause initiation, while Bmhsp23 in diapause initiation and maintenance and Bmhsp90 in diapause regulation. These results improve our understanding of the mechanism of diapause in B. minax at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Lü
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - L H Wang
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
- Dept of Entomology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - G F Zhang
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - F H Wan
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Center for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
| | - J Y Guo
- State Key Lab for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Management of Invasive Alien Species, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - H Yu
- Dept of Entomology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - J B Wang
- Dept of Entomology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
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Liu Z, Yao P, Guo X, Xu B. Two small heat shock protein genes in Apis cerana cerana: characterization, regulation, and developmental expression. Gene 2014; 545:205-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Martínez-Paz P, Morales M, Martín R, Martínez-Guitarte JL, Morcillo G. Characterization of the small heat shock protein Hsp27 gene in Chironomus riparius (Diptera) and its expression profile in response to temperature changes and xenobiotic exposures. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:529-40. [PMID: 24297481 PMCID: PMC4041937 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins constitute the most diverse and least conserved group within the large family of heat shock proteins, which play a crucial role in cell response to environmental insults. Chironomus riparius larvae are widely used in environmental research for testing pollutant toxicity in sediments and freshwater environments. Different genes, such as Hsp70, Hsc70, Hsp90, and Hsp40, have been identified in this species as sensitive biomarkers for xenobiotics, but small Hsps genes remain largely unknown. In this study, the Hsp27 has been characterized in C. riparius and its transcriptional response evaluated under several environmental stimuli. The Hsp27 gene was mapped by FISH on polytene chromosomes at region I-C4 and was found to encode a 195 aa protein, which contains an α-crystallin domain bounded by three conserved regions. This protein shows homology with Drosophila melanogaster HSP27, Ceratitis capitata HSP27, and Sarcophaga crassipalpis HSP25. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that heat shock (35 °C) and cadmium dramatically upregulate this gene. Moreover, exposures to triclosan and bisphenol A were able to significantly increase mRNA levels. However, neither nonylphenol nor tributyltin altered Hsp27 gene expression. The transcriptional activity of Hsp27 gene was modulated during cold stress. Interestingly, cold shock (4 °C) significantly reduced Hsp27 transcripts, but this gene was significantly overexpressed during the recovery time at the normal growing temperature. These results show that the Hsp27 gene is sensitive to different environmental stimuli, including endocrine-disrupting pollutants, suggesting its potential as a suitable biomarker for ecotoxicological studies in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martínez-Paz
- />Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Morales
- />Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martín
- />Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- />Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Morcillo
- />Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- />Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Tang T, Wu C, Li J, Ren G, Huang D, Liu F. Stress-induced HSP70 from Musca domestica plays a functionally significant role in the immune system. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:1226-1234. [PMID: 22750549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As important molecular chaperones, members of the 70kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family play essential roles in stress tolerance and innate immunity in organisms. The full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of a novel inducible HSP70, named as MdHSP70, was isolated from Musca domestica. The cDNA clone consisted of 2411 bp with a 1956 bp open reading frame which encodes 651 amino acids. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we investigated the transcriptional profile of the gene under heat shock, cadmium stress and in response to bacteria. Increased expression of MdHSP70 was observed in response to both heat shock and Cd stress. The expression of MdHSP70 was significantly induced by Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus stimulation. Larvae were fed bacteria expressing dsRNA targeting the MdHSP70 gene. Our results showed high mortality in larvae treated with dsRNA of MdHSP70 at heat shock, Cd stress and bacterial invasion, suggesting that MdHSP70 is potentially involved in the stress and immune responses of the house fly and perhaps contributes to protection against cellular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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Liu Z, Xi D, Kang M, Guo X, Xu B. Molecular cloning and characterization of Hsp27.6: the first reported small heat shock protein from Apis cerana cerana. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:539-51. [PMID: 22351490 PMCID: PMC3535166 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) play an important role in the cellular defense of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms against a variety of internal and external stressors. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding a member of the α-crystallin/sHSP family, termed AccHsp27.6, was isolated from Apis cerana cerana. The full-length cDNA is 1,014 bp in length and contains a 708-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 236 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 27.6 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.53. Seven putative heat shock elements and three NF-κB binding sites were present in the 5'-flanking region, suggesting a possible function in immunity. A semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that AccHsp27.6 was expressed in all tested tissues and at different developmental stages. Furthermore, expression of the AccHsp27.6 transcript was induced by exposure to heat shock, H(2)O(2), a number of different chemicals (including SO(2), formaldehyde, alcohol, acetone, chloroform, and the pesticides phoxime and acetamiprid), and the microbes Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus. In contrast, the mRNA expression could be repressed by CO(2), the pesticides pyriproxyfen and cyhalothrin, and the microbes Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Notably, the recombinant AccHsp27.6 protein exhibited significant in vitro molecular chaperone activity and antimicrobial activity. Taken together, these results suggest that AccHsp27.6 might play an important role in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses and in immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Liu
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Xi
- />Experimental Center, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong China
| | - Mingjiang Kang
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Guo
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Xu
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018 People’s Republic of China
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Shen Y, Gu J, Huang LH, Zheng SC, Liu L, Xu WH, Feng QL, Kang L. Cloning and expression analysis of six small heat shock protein genes in the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:908-914. [PMID: 21510953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are probably the most diverse in structure and function among the various superfamilies of stress proteins. To explore the diverse functions of insect sHsps, six sHsp cDNAs were cloned from the midgut cDNA library of Spodoptera litura, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the conserved α-crystalline domains. The expression patterns in different developmental stages and tissues, as well as in response to both thermal and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) induction, were studied by real-time quantitative PCR. Based on sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationships, the six SlHsps were classified into three independent groups: BmHsp20.4 like proteins (SlHsp19.7, 20.4, 20.7, 20.8), BmHsp26.6 like protein (SlHsp20), and BmHsp21.4 like protein (SlHsp21.4). All the SlHsps showed highest expression in the Malpighian tubules. The four BmHsp20.4 like protein genes were up-regulated by thermal stress and showed expression variation with development. SlHsp20 exhibited lower expression levels in both egg and larval stages than in pupal and adult stages. SlHsp21.4 retained a constant expression level during all life stages. The expression of both SlHsp20.4 and SlHsp20.8 was significantly up-regulated by 20E. These results indicate that sHsps play diverse functions in S. litura: the BmHsp20.4 like proteins are involved in both thermal adaptation and development; SlHsp20 does not respond to temperature stress but possibly plays a role in metamorphosis; SlHsp21.4 may have no direct relationship with either thermal response or development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631, China
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Kokolakis G, Kritsidima M, Tkachenko T, Mintzas AC. Two hsp23 genes in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata: structural characterization, heat shock regulation and developmental expression. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 18:171-181. [PMID: 19320758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2009.00868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we characterized a 3320-bp genomic DNA fragment encoding two medfly (Ceratitis capitata) homologues of the Drosophila melanogaster heat shock protein 23 (hsp23) gene, named Cchsp23-alphaand -beta. The two medfly hsp23 genes are transcribed in opposite directions and encode two almost identical proteins. Furthermore, the two genes exhibit a very high degree of similarity in their 5' untranslated and proximal promoter regions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the CcHsp23 proteins are orthologous to Drosophila Hsp23 and Sarcophaga crassipalpis Hsp23. Structural analysis of the 5' flanking regions of the Cchsp23 genes revealed the presence of several putative heat shock elements. Both CcHsp23 genes are induced by heat in a similar manner. In addition to heat-induction, the Cchsp23 genes are expressed at several stages of normal development as well as in ovaries and testes. In general, the developmental expression patterns of the medfly genes are similar, suggesting that they are under similar regulatory mechanisms. However, the expression of the Cchsp23 genes differs significantly from the expression of the Drosophila hsp23 gene in certain embryonic and larval stages, suggesting differential regulation of the hsp23 genes in the two dipteran species. The expression of both Cchsp23 genes in adult flies is increased with age, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kokolakis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, Greece
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