1
|
Vieira TB, Da Silva LC, Oprea M, Mendes P, Pimenta VT, Brito D, Esbérard CEL, de Souza Aguiar LM, Ditchfield AD. Species Composition of Bats in Brazilian Restingas: Testing Environmental Versus Geographical Hypotheses for Community Composition. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago B. Vieira
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Altamira. Rua Coronel José Porfírio 2515, São Sebastião, 68372-040, Altamira, PA, Brazil
| | - Liriann C. Da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Altamira. Rua Coronel José Porfírio 2515, São Sebastião, 68372-040, Altamira, PA, Brazil
| | - Monik Oprea
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia-Nerópolis km 5, Campus II Itatiaia, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Poliana Mendes
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, rue de l'Agriculture, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vinícius Teixeira Pimenta
- Laboratório de Estudos de Quirópteros, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29040-090, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Daniel Brito
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia-Nerópolis km 5, Campus II Itatiaia, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. L. Esbérard
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, km 47 da antiga Rio-São Paulo, 23851-970, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla M. de Souza Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia e Conservação de Morcegos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro s/n, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Albert D. Ditchfield
- Laboratório de Estudos de Quirópteros, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Avenida Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, 29040-090, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Variations in Functional Richness and Assembly Mechanisms of the Subtropical Evergreen Broadleaved Forest Communities along Geographical and Environmental Gradients. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13081206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Linking functional trait space and environmental conditions can help to understand how species fill the functional trait space when species increase along environmental gradients. Here, we examined the variations in functional richness (FRic) and their correlations with key environmental variables in forest communities along latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational gradients, by measuring seven functional traits of woody plants in 250 forest plots of 0.04 ha across five locations in the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests (SEBLF) of China. On this basis, we explored whether environmental filtering constrained the functional volume by using a null model approach. Results showed that FRic decreased with increasing elevation and latitude, while it increased with increasing longitude, mirroring the geographical gradients in species richness. FRic was significantly related to precipitation of driest quarter, soil pH, and total phosphorus. Negative SES.FRic was prevalent (83.2% of the communities) in most SEBLF communities and was negatively related to mean diurnal range. Our study suggested that the geographical variation in the functional space occupied by SEBLF communities was affected mainly by climate and soil conditions. The results of the null model revealed that niche packing was dominant in SEBLF communities, highlighting the importance of environmental filtering in defining functional volume within SEBLF communities.
Collapse
|
3
|
Silveira EMO, Radeloff VC, Martínez Pastur GJ, Martinuzzi S, Politi N, Lizarraga L, Rivera LO, Gavier-Pizarro GI, Yin H, Rosas YM, Calamari NC, Navarro MF, Sica Y, Olah AM, Bono J, Pidgeon AM. Forest phenoclusters for Argentina based on vegetation phenology and climate. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2526. [PMID: 34994033 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forest biodiversity conservation and species distribution modeling greatly benefit from broad-scale forest maps depicting tree species or forest types rather than just presence and absence of forest, or coarse classifications. Ideally, such maps would stem from satellite image classification based on abundant field data for both model training and accuracy assessments, but such field data do not exist in many parts of the globe. However, different forest types and tree species differ in their vegetation phenology, offering an opportunity to map and characterize forests based on the seasonal dynamic of vegetation indices and auxiliary data. Our goal was to map and characterize forests based on both land surface phenology and climate patterns, defined here as forest phenoclusters. We applied our methodology in Argentina (2.8 million km2 ), which has a wide variety of forests, from rainforests to cold-temperate forests. We calculated phenology measures after fitting a harmonic curve of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) time series derived from 30-m Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 data from 2018-2019. For climate, we calculated land surface temperature (LST) from Band 10 of the thermal infrared sensor (TIRS) of Landsat 8, and precipitation from Worldclim (BIO12). We performed stratified X-means cluster classifications followed by hierarchical clustering. The resulting clusters separated well into 54 forest phenoclusters with unique combinations of vegetation phenology and climate characteristics. The EVI 90th percentile was more important than our climate and other phenology measures in providing separability among different forest phenoclusters. Our results highlight the potential of combining remotely sensed phenology measures and climate data to improve broad-scale forest mapping for different management and conservation goals, capturing functional rather than structural or compositional characteristics between and within tree species. Our approach results in classifications that go beyond simple forest-nonforest in areas where the lack of detailed ecological field data precludes tree species-level classifications, yet conservation needs are high. Our map of forest phenoclusters is a valuable tool for the assessment of natural resources, and the management of the environment at scales relevant for conservation actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda M O Silveira
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Volker C Radeloff
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Guillermo J Martínez Pastur
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Martinuzzi
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Natalia Politi
- Instituto de Ecoregiones Andinas (INECOA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Leonidas Lizarraga
- Dirección Regional Noroeste, Administración de Parques Nacionales, Salta, Argentina
| | - Luis O Rivera
- Instituto de Ecoregiones Andinas (INECOA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Jujuy, Argentina
| | | | - He Yin
- Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Yamina M Rosas
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Noelia C Calamari
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Navarro
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yanina Sica
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ashley M Olah
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julieta Bono
- Dirección Nacional de Bosques, Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anna M Pidgeon
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Archidona‐Yuste A, Wiegand T, Eisenhauer N, Cantalapiedra‐Navarrete C, Palomares‐Rius JE, Castillo P. Agriculture causes homogenization of plant‐feeding nematode communities at the regional scale. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Archidona‐Yuste
- Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Juan E. Palomares‐Rius
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Córdoba Spain
| | - Pablo Castillo
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Córdoba Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Davies BFR, Holmes L, Bicknell A, Attrill MJ, Sheehan EV. A decade implementing ecosystem approach to fisheries management improves diversity of taxa and traits within a marine protected area in the UK. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
6
|
Dominguez Almela V, South J, Britton JR. Predicting the competitive interactions and trophic niche consequences of a globally invasive fish with threatened native species. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:2651-2662. [PMID: 34309851 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Novel trophic interactions between invasive and native species potentially increase levels of interspecific competition in the receiving environment. However, theory on the trophic impacts of invasive fauna on native competitors is ambiguous, as while increased interspecific competition can result in the species having constricted and diverged trophic niches, the species might instead increase their niche sizes, especially in omnivorous species. The competitive interactions between an omnivorous invasive fish, common carp Cyprinus carpio, and a tropically analogous native and threatened fish, crucian carp Carassius carassius, were tested using comparative functional responses (CFRs). A natural pond experiment then presented the species in allopatry and sympatry, determining the changes in their trophic (isotopic) niche sizes and positions over 4 years. These predictive approaches were complemented by assessing their trophic relationships in wild populations. Comparative functional responses revealed that compared to crucian carp, carp had a significantly higher maximum consumption rate. Coupled with a previous cohabitation growth study, these results predicted that competition between the species is asymmetric, with carp the superior competitor. The pond experiment used stable isotope metrics to quantify shifts in the trophic (isotopic) niche sizes of the fishes. In allopatry, the isotopic niches of the two species were similar sized and diverged. Conversely, in sympatry, carp isotopic niches were always considerably larger than those of crucian carp and were strongly partitioned. Sympatric crucian carp had larger isotopic niches than allopatric conspecifics, a likely response to asymmetric competition from carp. However, carp isotopic niches were also larger in sympatry than allopatry. In the wild populations, the carp isotopic niches were always larger than crucian carp niches, and were highly divergent. The superior competitive abilities of carp predicted in aquaria experiments were considered to be a process involved in sympatric crucian carp having larger isotopic niches than in allopatry. However, as sympatric carp also had larger niches than in allopatry, this suggests other ecological processes were also likely to be involved, such as those relating to fish prey resources. These results highlight the inherent complexity in determining how omnivorous invasive species integrate into food webs and alter their structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Dominguez Almela
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Josie South
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Effect of Climate and Human Pressures on Functional Diversity and Species Richness Patterns of Amphibians, Reptiles and Mammals in Europe. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13060275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing biodiversity crisis reinforces the urgent need to unravel diversity patterns and the underlying processes shaping them. Although taxonomic diversity has been extensively studied and is considered the common currency, simultaneously conserving other facets of diversity (e.g., functional diversity) is critical to ensure ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Here, we explored the effect of key climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, temperature seasonality, and precipitation seasonality) and factors reflecting human pressures (agricultural land, urban land, land-cover diversity, and human population density) on the functional diversity (functional richness and Rao’s quadratic entropy) and species richness of amphibians (68 species), reptiles (107 species), and mammals (176 species) in Europe. We explored the relationship between different predictors and diversity metrics using generalized additive mixed model analysis, to capture non-linear relationships and to account for spatial autocorrelation. We found that at this broad continental spatial scale, climatic variables exerted a significant effect on the functional diversity and species richness of all taxa. On the other hand, variables reflecting human pressures contributed significantly in the models even though their explanatory power was lower compared to climatic variables. In most cases, functional richness and Rao’s quadratic entropy responded similarly to climate and human pressures. In conclusion, climate is the most influential factor in shaping both the functional diversity and species richness patterns of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals in Europe. However, incorporating factors reflecting human pressures complementary to climate could be conducive to us understanding the drivers of functional diversity and richness patterns.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ibarra JT, Caviedes J, Altamirano TA, Urra R, Barreau A, Santana F. Social-ecological filters drive the functional diversity of beetles in homegardens of campesinos and migrants in the southern Andes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12462. [PMID: 34127685 PMCID: PMC8203784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Homegardens are coupled social-ecological systems that act as biodiversity reservoirs while contributing to local food sovereignty. These systems are characterized by their structural complexity, while involving management practices according to gardener's cultural origin. Social-ecological processes in homegardens may act as filters of species' functional traits, and thus influence the species richness-functional diversity relationship of critical agroecosystem components like beetles (Coleoptera). We tested the species richness-functional diversity relationship of beetle communities and examined whether habitat structure across different levels, sociodemographic profiles, and management practices act as filters in homegardens in a Global Biodiversity Hotspot, Chile. For 100 homegardens (50 campesino and 50 migrant), we sampled beetles and habitat attributes, and surveyed gardeners' sociodemographic profiles and management practices. We recorded 85 beetle species and found a positive relationship between species richness and functional richness that saturated when functionally similar species co-occur more often than expected by chance, indicating functional redundancy in species-rich homegardens. Gardener origin (campesino/migrant), homegarden area (m2), structural complexity (index), and pest control strategy (natural, chemical, or none) were the most influential social-ecological filters that selectively remove beetle species according to their functional traits. We discuss opportunities in homegarden management for strengthening local functional diversity and resilience under social-environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Tomás Ibarra
- ECOS (Ecosystem-Complexity-Society) Co-Laboratory, Center for Local Development (CEDEL) & Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Bernardo O'Higgins 501, Villarrica, La Araucanía Region, Chile.
- Department of Ecosystems and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture and Forest Sciences & Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Julián Caviedes
- ECOS (Ecosystem-Complexity-Society) Co-Laboratory, Center for Local Development (CEDEL) & Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Bernardo O'Higgins 501, Villarrica, La Araucanía Region, Chile
| | - Tomás A Altamirano
- ECOS (Ecosystem-Complexity-Society) Co-Laboratory, Center for Local Development (CEDEL) & Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Bernardo O'Higgins 501, Villarrica, La Araucanía Region, Chile
| | - Romina Urra
- ECOS (Ecosystem-Complexity-Society) Co-Laboratory, Center for Local Development (CEDEL) & Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Bernardo O'Higgins 501, Villarrica, La Araucanía Region, Chile
| | - Antonia Barreau
- ECOS (Ecosystem-Complexity-Society) Co-Laboratory, Center for Local Development (CEDEL) & Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Bernardo O'Higgins 501, Villarrica, La Araucanía Region, Chile
| | - Francisca Santana
- ECOS (Ecosystem-Complexity-Society) Co-Laboratory, Center for Local Development (CEDEL) & Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Bernardo O'Higgins 501, Villarrica, La Araucanía Region, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mao Z, Gu X, Cao Y, Luo J, Zeng Q, Chen H, Jeppesen E. How does fish functional diversity respond to environmental changes in two large shallow lakes? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142158. [PMID: 33207432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing threats to freshwater biodiversity from environmental changes and human activities highlight the need to understand the linkages between biological communities and their environment. Species richness has dominated our view of biodiversity patterns for over a century, but it is increasingly recognized that a trait-based, causal view of biodiversity may be more meaningful than species richness or taxonomic composition. This rationale has led to the exploration of functional diversity (FD) indices to quantify variation in traits that mediate species' contributions to ecosystem processes. In the present study, we quantified FD of fish communities in two large shallow lakes in China with different disturbances level using long-term monitoring data sets. Random-Forests regression was applied to examine how changes in FD were related to natural and human-related environmental variables. Fish stocking, water quality, climate, and hydrological changes were identified as the most important predictors of FD long-term trends. However, the major drivers of FD differed between two lakes, i.e., human activities explaining a greater proportion of FD variance in Lake Taihu, whereas physicochemical environmental factors prominently explained FD variance in Lake Hulun. Moreover, FD indices appeared more sensitive than species richness to multiple disturbances, suggesting that functional traits can be used to detect ecosystem alterations. This study offers insight into how FD can improve our understanding of the associations between fish communities and environmental changes of relevance also for lake and fisheries management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yong Cao
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg 8600, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nashima FP, Strydom NA, Connan M, Lamberth SJ. Stable isotopes reveal trophic linkages among fish species utilizing the Orange River Estuary Continuum. FOOD WEBS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2020.e00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Delgado de la flor YA, Perry KI, Turo KJ, Parker DM, Thompson JL, Gardiner MM. Local and landscape‐scale environmental filters drive the functional diversity and taxonomic composition of spiders across urban greenspaces. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla I. Perry
- Department of Entomology The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | | | | | | | - Mary M. Gardiner
- Department of Entomology The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
David V, Tortajada S, Philippine O, Bréret M, Barnett A, Agogué H, Robin FX, Dupuy C. Ecological succession and resilience of plankton recovering from an acute disturbance in freshwater marshes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:135997. [PMID: 31887500 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increase in extreme events such as storms is one of the major threats that coastal ecosystems will have to face in the near future. In such a context, both maturation and ecological successions processes remain at the core of ecology to better anticipate the changes to ecosystem biodiversity and functions facing environmental stressors. However, these concepts are mainly approached through closed experimental studies that oversimplify the mechanisms. A survey was carried out on a 'natural' and open ecosystem subjected to an acute disturbance, i.e. a marine submersion of freshwater drained marshes, occurring after a storm. Plankton biomass, production and taxonomic/functional phytoplankton diversity were followed weekly at four stations over 2 months. Most of the stations were disrupted by this acute disturbance and displayed gradual growth and development, as described in the classical maturation process. The main differences between stations were attributed to the heterogeneity of the communities before the storm, the intensity of the disturbance and the different human actions performed to recover the freshwater environment. The concept of 'ecological resilience' was thus better suited than 'engineering resilience' for such open systems facing constant fluctuations in environmental drivers. With regard to ecological succession, the more impacted stations were marked by a significant change in taxonomic beta-diversity, with numerous stochastic processes, due to taxa dispersion. They first exhibited a convergence in functional traits due to the increase in nutrient availability drained from the catchment basin and then an increase in divergence when nutrients became limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie David
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS, UMR 5805, Environnement Paléoenvironnement Océaniques et Côtiers (EPOC), 2 Rue du Professeur Jolyet, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Sébastien Tortajada
- LIENSs, UMR 6250 La Rochelle Université - CNRS, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Olivier Philippine
- Union des marais de Charente-Maritime, rue Jacques de Vaucanson Zone Industrielle de Périgny, 17180 Périgny, France
| | - Martine Bréret
- LIENSs, UMR 6250 La Rochelle Université - CNRS, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Alexandre Barnett
- LIENSs, UMR 6250 La Rochelle Université - CNRS, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Hélène Agogué
- LIENSs, UMR 6250 La Rochelle Université - CNRS, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - François-Xavier Robin
- Union des marais de Charente-Maritime, rue Jacques de Vaucanson Zone Industrielle de Périgny, 17180 Périgny, France
| | - Christine Dupuy
- LIENSs, UMR 6250 La Rochelle Université - CNRS, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Biedma L, Calzada J, Godoy JA, Román J. Local habitat specialization as an evolutionary response to interspecific competition between two sympatric shrews. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Interspecific competition affects population dynamics, distributional ranges, and evolution of competing species. The competitive exclusion principle states that ecologically similar species cannot coexist unless they exhibit niche segregation. Herein, we assess whether niche segregation allows the coexistence of Crocidura russula and C. suaveolens in southwestern Iberia and whether segregation is the result of current (ecological effect) or past (evolutionary effect) competition. We performed an annual live-trapping cycle in the two main habitats of the Odiel Marshes Natural Reserve (OMNR), the tidal marsh and the Mediterranean forest, both in syntopic (i.e., where both species co-occur) and allotopic (where only one of the two species occurs) sites within this Reserve. We modeled the presence–absence of each species in both habitats and sites by generalized linear mixed models. The coexistence of both species was favored by spatial and temporal niche segregation. Crocidura suaveolens was restricted to tidal marsh and did not occupy Mediterranean forest, even when C. russula was absent. We interpret this to be the result of competition in the past triggering an evolutionary response in C. suaveolens towards its specialization in tidal marsh. Moreover, the specialist C. suaveolens currently is outcompeting C. russula in tidal marshes, reversing the dominance pattern observed elsewhere. The degree of co-occurrence between both species in syntopic sites was low, as they showed inverse dynamics of seasonal abundances. Interspecific competition leading to habitat specialization favors the coexistence of these ecologically similar species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Biedma
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Javier Calzada
- Department of Integrated Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - José A Godoy
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Doñana Biological Station, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jacinto Román
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Legras G, Loiseau N, Gaertner JC, Poggiale JC, Ienco D, Mazouni N, Mérigot B. Assessment of congruence between co-occurrence and functional networks: A new framework for revealing community assembly rules. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19996. [PMID: 31882755 PMCID: PMC6934466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Describing how communities change over space and time is crucial to better understand and predict the functioning of ecosystems. We propose a new methodological framework, based on network theory and modularity concept, to determine which type of mechanisms (i.e. deterministic versus stochastic processes) has the strongest influence on structuring communities. This framework is based on the computation and comparison of two networks: the co-occurrence (based on species abundances) and the functional networks (based on the species traits values). In this way we can assess whether the species belonging to a given functional group also belong to the same co-occurrence group. We adapted the Dg index of Gauzens et al. (2015) to analyze congruence between both networks. This offers the opportunity to identify which assembly rule(s) play(s) the major role in structuring the community. We illustrate our framework with two datasets corresponding to different faunal groups and ecosystems, and characterized by different scales (spatial and temporal scales). By considering both species abundance and multiple functional traits, our framework improves significantly the ability to discriminate the main assembly rules structuring the communities. This point is critical not only to understand community structuring but also its response to global changes and other disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Legras
- Univ. Polynesie francaise, ifremer, ilm, ird, eio umr 241, tahiti, French Polynesia.
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Claude Gaertner
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) - UMR 241 EIO (UPF, IRD, Ifremer, ILM) -Centre IRD de Tahiti, 98713, Papeete, French Polynesia
| | - Jean-Christophe Poggiale
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Dino Ienco
- IRSTEA Montpellier, UMR TETIS - F-34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Nabila Mazouni
- Univ. Polynesie francaise, ifremer, ilm, ird, eio umr 241, tahiti, French Polynesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tsianou MA, Kallimanis AS. Geographical patterns and environmental drivers of functional diversity and trait space of amphibians of Europe. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Tsianou
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Harmáčková L, Remešová E, Remeš V. Specialization and niche overlap across spatial scales: Revealing ecological factors shaping species richness and coexistence in Australian songbirds. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1766-1776. [PMID: 31329280 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ecological specialization enables the partitioning of resources and thus can facilitate the coexistence of species and promote higher species richness. Specialization and niche partitioning are expected to exert a decisive influence on local spatial scales, while species richness at regional scales should be shaped mostly by historical factors and abiotic conditions. Moreover, specialization is expected to be particularly important in communities that are exceptionally species rich for their environmental conditions. Concurrently, niche overlap in these communities should be minimized to enable species coexistence. We tested these hypotheses by studying specialization-richness relationship and niche overlap in assemblages of 298 species of songbirds (Passeriformes) across Australia. We used local (2-6 ha) to regional (bioregions) spatial scales and detailed data on habitat, diet and foraging behaviour (method, substrate and stratum). We expected the richness-specialization relationship to be particularly strong (a) on local spatial scales and (b) in communities exceptionally species rich for given environmental conditions (approximated by moisture and vegetation complexity). We also expected (c) low niche overlap in assemblages with specialized species. Only the third prediction was partly supported. First, while the specialization and species richness were often positively related, the strength and the direction of the relationship changed between traits and across spatial scales. The strength of the specialization-richness relationship was consistently positive only in foraging stratum, and it increased towards smaller spatial scales only in case of habitat and diet. Simultaneously, species in local communities demonstrated high overlap in habitat and diet. Second, we did not find particularly strong specialization-richness relationships in exceptionally species-rich communities. Third, we found the expected negative relationship between specialization and overlap in foraging stratum and substrate (in local communities), suggesting that species partition ecological space locally in terms of where they find food. Our expectations were only weakly supported. Specialization on foraging stratum was probably important in facilitating species coexistence. Conversely, although species were often specialized on habitat and diet, high overlap in these traits did not preclude their local coexistence. Overall, specialization and overlap in foraging traits were more important for species coexistence than habitat or diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Harmáčková
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Remešová
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Remeš
- Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Legras G, Loiseau N, Gaertner JC, Poggiale JC, Gaertner-Mazouni N. Assessing functional diversity: the influence of the number of the functional traits. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-019-00433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
18
|
Lechêne A, Lobry J, Boët P, Laffaille P. Change in fish functional diversity and assembly rules in the course of tidal marsh restoration. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209025. [PMID: 30566467 PMCID: PMC6300267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional trait theory provides a mechanistic framework to understand change in community composition and community assembly through time and space. Despite this, trait-based approaches have seldom been used in ecological restoration. Succession theory predicts that habitat complexity and resource availability will increase with restoration time, leading to increased functional dissimilarity among coexisting species. However, in the case of tidal marsh restoration, it is not clear whether reestablishing the harsh abiotic conditions typical of estuaries will initiate successional trajectories. We investigated monotonic changes in the functional structure of fish communities and shifts in assembly mechanisms, with tidal restoration time. A five-level gradient of ‘intertidal habitat naturalness’ was constructed from a set of artificialized (dyked), restored (with different ages) and natural intertidal sites, and used as a surrogate for restoration progress. The fish ecophases were described using ten functional traits related to food acquisition and swimming ability. The trends in six functional dimensions (identity, richness, evenness, dispersion, originality and specialization) were investigated along the naturalness gradient. Consistenly with succession theory, functional specialization, dispersion and, less markedly, richness increased with intertidal naturalness meaning that restored and natural intertidal habitats supplied fish with specific foraging and dwelling conditions absent from dyked marshes. Community assembly patterns varied with respect to traits and differed at both ends of the naturalness gradient. Dyked marshes were more affected by trait convergence possibly due to limiting resources. Environmental filtering was detected all along the naturalness gradient although the traits affected varied depending on the naturalness level of habitats. Environmental filtering tended to decrease in restored and natural intertidal habitats. Increased naturalness restored the attractivity of benthic habitats as feeding or settling grounds, promoted shelter-seeking vs. free-swimming strategists and favoured ecophases with carnivorous diets, feeding on microinvertebrates and benthic low-mobility macroinvertebrates. Approaches based on functional trait diversity have the potential to question and refine the theoretical frame of ecological restoration and to assist managers in their efforts to restore tidal wetlands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Lechêne
- Irstea, UR EABX, centre de Bordeaux, 50 avenue de Verdun, F-33612 Cestas cedex, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Jérémy Lobry
- Irstea, UR EABX, centre de Bordeaux, 50 avenue de Verdun, F-33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | - Philippe Boët
- Irstea, UR EABX, centre de Bordeaux, 50 avenue de Verdun, F-33612 Cestas cedex, France
| | - Pascal Laffaille
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, ENSAT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tsianou MA, Kallimanis AS. Trait selection matters! A study on European amphibian functional diversity patterns. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Tsianou
- Department of Ecology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, UPB 119 Thessaloniki Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao T, Villéger S, Cucherousset J. Accounting for intraspecific diversity when examining relationships between non-native species and functional diversity. Oecologia 2018; 189:171-183. [PMID: 30470889 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying changes in functional diversity, the facet of biodiversity accounting for the biological features of organisms, has been advocated as one of the most integrative ways to unravel how communities are affected by human-induced perturbations. The present study assessed how functional diversity patterns varied among communities that differed in the degree to which non-native species dominated the community in temperate lake fish communities and whether accounting for intraspecific functional variability could provide a better understanding of the variation of functional diversity across communities. Four functional diversity indices were computed for 18 temperate lake fish communities along a gradient of non-native fish dominance using morphological functional traits assessed for each life-stage within each species. First, we showed that intraspecific variability in functional traits was high and comparable to interspecific variability. Second, we found that non-native fish were functionally distinct from native fish. Finally, we demonstrated that there was a significant relationship between functional diversity and the degree to which non-native fish currently dominated the community and that this association could be better detected when accounting for intraspecific functional variability. These findings highlighted the importance of incorporating intraspecific variability to better quantify the variation of functional diversity patterns in communities facing human-induced perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Zhao
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENFA, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France.
| | - S Villéger
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - J Cucherousset
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENFA, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lamothe KA, Alofs KM, Jackson DA, Somers KM. Functional diversity and redundancy of freshwater fish communities across biogeographic and environmental gradients. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl A. Lamothe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Karen M. Alofs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Donald A. Jackson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Keith M. Somers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu Y, Stoeck T, Forster D, Ma Z, Zhang L, Fan X. Environmental status assessment using biological traits analyses and functional diversity indices of benthic ciliate communities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:646-654. [PMID: 29886992 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the functional diversity of benthic ciliates has high potential to monitor marine ecological status. Therefore, we investigated the spatial and temporal variation of functional diversity of benthic ciliates in the Yangtze Estuary during one year using biological traits analyses and functional diversity indices. Traits and community compositions showed clear spatial and temporal variations. Among a variety of biological traits, feeding type and body size emerged as strongest predictable variables. Functional divergence (FDiv) had an advantage over two other functional diversity indices, as well as over classical diversity measures (i.e. richness, evenness, Shannon-Wiener) to infer environmental status. Significant correlations between biological traits, FDiv and environmental variables (i.e. nutrients, temperature, salinity) suggested that functional diversity of benthic ciliates might be used as a bio-indicator in environmental status assessments. Further mandatory researches need to implement functional diversity of ciliates in routine monitoring programs were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- University of Kaiserslautern, Ecology Group, Erwin Schroedinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dominik Forster
- University of Kaiserslautern, Ecology Group, Erwin Schroedinger Str. 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Zuhang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Xinpeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lescano JN, Miloch D, Leynaud GC. Functional traits reveal environmental constraints on amphibian community assembly in a subtropical dry forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julián N. Lescano
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físicas y Naturales; Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Rondeau 798 Córdoba Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA); Córdoba Argentina
| | - Daniela Miloch
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físicas y Naturales; Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Rondeau 798 Córdoba Argentina
| | - Gerardo C. Leynaud
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Físicas y Naturales; Centro de Zoología Aplicada; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Rondeau 798 Córdoba Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA); Córdoba Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Britton JR, Ruiz‐Navarro A, Verreycken H, Amat‐Trigo F, Trullas SC. Trophic consequences of introduced species: Comparative impacts of increased interspecific versus intraspecific competitive interactions. Funct Ecol 2018; 32:486-495. [PMID: 29576673 PMCID: PMC5856055 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species can cause substantial ecological impacts on native biodiversity. While ecological theory attempts to explain the processes involved in the trophic integration of invaders into native food webs and their competitive impacts on resident species, results are equivocal. In addition, quantifying the relative strength of impacts from non-native species (interspecific competition) versus the release of native conspecifics (intraspecific competition) is important but rarely completed.Two model non-native fishes, the globally invasive Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus, and the model native fish Tinca tinca, were used in a pond experiment to test how increased intra- and interspecific competition influenced trophic niches and somatic growth rates. This was complemented by samples collected from three natural fish communities where the model fishes were present. The isotopic niche, calculated using stable isotope data, represented the trophic niche.The pond experiment used additive and substitutive treatments to quantify the trophic niche variation that resulted from intra- and interspecific competitive interactions. Although the trophic niche sizes of the model species were not significantly altered by any competitive treatment, they all resulted in patterns of interspecific niche divergence. Increased interspecific competition caused the trophic niche of T. tinca to shift to a significantly higher trophic position, whereas intraspecific competition caused its position to shift towards elevated δ13C. These patterns were independent of impacts on fish growth rates, which were only significantly altered when interspecific competition was elevated.In the natural fish communities, patterns of trophic niche partitioning between the model fishes was evident, with no niche sharing. Comparison of these results with those of the experiment revealed the most similar results between the two approaches were for the niche partitioning between sympatric T. tinca and C. carpio.These results indicate that trophic niche divergence facilitates the integration of introduced species into food webs, but there are differences in how this manifests between introductions that increase inter- and intraspecific competition. In entirety, these results suggest that the initial ecological response to an introduction appears to be a trophic re-organisation of the food web that minimises the trophic interactions between competing species. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugo Verreycken
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Fatima Amat‐Trigo
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
- Departmento de Zoología y Antropología FísicaUniversidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xie X, He Z, Hu X, Yin H, Liu X, Yang Y. Large-scale seaweed cultivation diverges water and sediment microbial communities in the coast of Nan'ao Island, South China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:97-108. [PMID: 28437776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed cultivation not only provides economy benefits, but also remediates the environment contaminated by mariculture of animals (e.g., fish, shrimps). However, the response of microbial communities to seaweed cultivation is poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the diversity, composition, and structure of water and sediment microbial communities at a seaweed, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, cultivation zone and a control zone near Nan'ao Island, South China Sea by MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. We found that large-scale cultivation of G. lemaneiformis increased dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH but decreased inorganic nutrients, possibly due to nutrient uptake, photosynthesis and other physiological processes of G. lemaneiformis. These environmental changes significantly (adonis, P<0.05) shifted the microbial community composition and structure of both water column and sediment samples in the G. lemaneiformis cultivation zone, compared to the control zone. Also, certain microbial taxa associated with seaweed, such as Arenibacter, Croceitalea, Glaciecola, Leucothrix and Maribacter were enriched at the cultivation zone. In addition, we have proposed a conceptual model to summarize the results in this study and guide future studies on relationships among seaweed processes, microbial communities and their environments. Thus, this study not only provides new insights into our understanding the effect of G. lemaneiformis cultivation on microbial communities, but also guides future studies on coastal ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Xie
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Zhili He
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Environmental Microbiome Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaqun Yin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueduan Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pellissier V, Mimet A, Fontaine C, Svenning JC, Couvet D. Relative importance of the land-use composition and intensity for the bird community composition in anthropogenic landscapes. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10513-10535. [PMID: 29299234 PMCID: PMC5743485 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are changing the biosphere by exerting pressure on land via different land uses with variable intensities. Quantifying the relative importance of the land-use composition and intensity for communities may provide valuable insights for understanding community dynamics in human-dominated landscapes. Here, we evaluate the relative importance of the land-use composition versus land-use intensity on the bird community structure in the highly human-dominated region surrounding Paris, France. The land-use composition was calculated from a land cover map, whereas the land-use intensity (reverse intensity) was represented by the primary productivity remaining after human appropriation (NPP remaining), which was estimated using remote sensing imagery. We used variance partitioning to evaluate the relative importance of the land-use composition versus intensity for explaining bird community species richness, total abundance, trophic levels, and habitat specialization in urban, farmland, and woodland habitats. The land-use composition and intensity affected specialization and richness more than trophic levels and abundance. The importance of the land-use intensity was slightly higher than that of the composition for richness, specialization, and trophic levels in farmland and urban areas, while the land-use composition was a stronger predictor of abundance. The intensity contributed more to the community indices in anthropogenic habitats (farmland and urban areas) than to those in woodlands. Richness, trophic levels, and specialization in woodlands tended to increase with the NPP remaining value. The heterogeneity of land uses and intensity levels in the landscape consistently promoted species richness but reduced habitat specialization and trophic levels. This study demonstrates the complementarity of NPP remaining to the land-use composition for understanding community structure in anthropogenic landscapes. Our results show, for the first time, that the productivity remaining after human appropriation is a determinant driver of animal community patterns, independent of the type of land use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pellissier
- UMR 7204 UPMC-MNHN-CNRS CERSP Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France.,Section for EcoInformatics & Biodiversity Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Anne Mimet
- UMR 7204 UPMC-MNHN-CNRS CERSP Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France.,Section for EcoInformatics & Biodiversity Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark.,UMR 7533 CNRS- Paris 1- Paris 7- Paris 8- Paris 10, LADYSS Paris France.,Department Computational Landscape Ecology UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig Germany.,Biodiversity Conservation Group German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Colin Fontaine
- UMR 7204 UPMC-MNHN-CNRS CERSP Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for EcoInformatics & Biodiversity Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Denis Couvet
- UMR 7204 UPMC-MNHN-CNRS CERSP Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Razafindratsima OH, Brown KA, Carvalho F, Johnson SE, Wright PC, Dunham AE. Edge effects on components of diversity and above-ground biomass in a tropical rainforest. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry A. Brown
- Department of Geography and Geology; Kingston University; Kingston Upon Thames Surrey UK
| | - Fabio Carvalho
- Department of Geography and Geology; Kingston University; Kingston Upon Thames Surrey UK
| | - Steig E. Johnson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
- Centre ValBio; Ifanadiana Fianarantsoa Madagascar
| | - Patricia C. Wright
- Centre ValBio; Ifanadiana Fianarantsoa Madagascar
- Department of Anthropology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Amy E. Dunham
- Centre ValBio; Ifanadiana Fianarantsoa Madagascar
- Department of BioSciences; Rice University; Houston TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ibarra JT, Martin M, Cockle KL, Martin K. Maintaining ecosystem resilience: functional responses of tree cavity nesters to logging in temperate forests of the Americas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4467. [PMID: 28667282 PMCID: PMC5493693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Logging often reduces taxonomic diversity in forest communities, but little is known about how this biodiversity loss affects the resilience of ecosystem functions. We examined how partial logging and clearcutting of temperate forests influenced functional diversity of birds that nest in tree cavities. We used point-counts in a before-after-control-impact design to examine the effects of logging on the value, range, and density of functional traits in bird communities in Canada (21 species) and Chile (16 species). Clearcutting, but not partial logging, reduced diversity in both systems. The effect was much more pronounced in Chile, where logging operations removed critical nesting resources (large decaying trees), than in Canada, where decaying aspen Populus tremuloides were retained on site. In Chile, logging was accompanied by declines in species richness, functional richness (amount of functional niche occupied by species), community-weighted body mass (average mass, weighted by species densities), and functional divergence (degree of maximization of divergence in occupied functional niche). In Canada, clearcutting did not affect species richness but nevertheless reduced functional richness and community-weighted body mass. Although some cavity-nesting birds can persist under intensive logging operations, their ecosystem functions may be severely compromised unless future nest trees can be retained on logged sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Tomás Ibarra
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Centre for Local Development, Education and Interculturality (CEDEL), Villarrica Campus, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, La Araucanía Region, Chile.
- Fauna Australis Wildlife Laboratory, Department of Ecosystems and Environment, School of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Michaela Martin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina L Cockle
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO-CONICET-UNSa), Salta, Argentina
| | - Kathy Martin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Environment & Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Campos FS, Lourenço-de-Moraes R, Llorente GA, Solé M. Cost-effective conservation of amphibian ecology and evolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602929. [PMID: 28691084 PMCID: PMC5479652 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss is the most important threat to species survival, and the efficient selection of priority areas is fundamental for good systematic conservation planning. Using amphibians as a conservation target, we designed an innovative assessment strategy, showing that prioritization models focused on functional, phylogenetic, and taxonomic diversity can include cost-effectiveness-based assessments of land values. We report new key conservation sites within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hot spot, revealing a congruence of ecological and evolutionary patterns. We suggest payment for ecosystem services through environmental set-asides on private land, establishing potential trade-offs for ecological and evolutionary processes. Our findings introduce additional effective area-based conservation parameters that set new priorities for biodiversity assessment in the Atlantic Forest, validating the usefulness of a novel approach to cost-effectiveness-based assessments of conservation value for other species-rich regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S. Campos
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, ES-08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, 70040-020 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Moraes
- Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento Animal, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A. Llorente
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, ES-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mirco Solé
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, 45662-000 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao T, Li C, Wang X, Xie F, Jiang J. Unraveling the relative contribution of inter- and intrapopulation functional variability in wild populations of a tadpole species. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4726-4734. [PMID: 28690802 PMCID: PMC5496530 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional traits are increasingly recognized as an integrative approach by ecologists to quantify a key facet of biodiversity. And these traits are primarily expressed as species means in previous studies, based on the assumption that the effects of intraspecific variability can be overridden by interspecific variability when studying functional ecology at the community level. However, given that intraspecific variability could also have important effects on community dynamics and ecosystem functioning, empirical studies are needed to investigate the importance of intraspecific variability in functional traits. In this study, 256 Scutiger boulengeri tadpole individuals from four different populations are used to quantify the functional difference between populations within a species, and the relative contribution of inter‐ and intrapopulation variability in functional traits. Our results demonstrate that these four populations differ significantly in functional attributes (i.e., functional position, functional richness, and low functional overlap), indicating that individuals from different populations within a species should be explicitly accounted for in functional studies. We also find similar relative contribution of inter‐ (~56%) and intrapopulation (~44%) variation to the total variability between individuals, providing evidence that individuals within populations should also be incorporated in functional studies. Overall, our results support the recent claims that intraspecific variability cannot be ignored, as well as the general idea of “individual level” research in functional ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Cheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Feng Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee MB, Martin JA. Avian Species and Functional Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes: Does Landscape Heterogeneity Matter? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170540. [PMID: 28125653 PMCID: PMC5268393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the positive relationship between avian diversity and habitat heterogeneity is widely accepted, it is primarily based on observed species richness without accounting for imperfect detection. Other facets of diversity such as functional diversity are also rarely explored. We investigated the avian diversity-landscape heterogeneity relationship in agricultural landscapes by considering two aspects of diversity: taxonomic diversity (species richness) estimated from a multi-species dynamic occupancy model, and functional diversity (functional evenness [FEve] and divergence [FDiv]) based on traits of occurring species. We also assessed how agricultural lands enrolled in a conservation program managed on behalf of declining early successional bird species (hereafter CP38 fields, an agri-environment scheme) influenced avian diversity. We analyzed breeding bird data collected at CP38 fields in Mississippi, USA, during 2010–2012, and two principal components of environmental variables: a gradient of heterogeneity (Shannon’s landscape diversity index) and of the amount of CP38 fields (percent cover of CP38 fields; CP38). FEve did not show significant responses to environmental variables, whereas FDiv responded positively to heterogeneity and negatively to CP38. However, most FDiv values did not significantly differ from random expectations along an environmental gradient. When there was a significant difference, FDiv was lower than that expected. Unlike functional diversity, species richness showed a clear pattern. Species richness increased with increasing landscape heterogeneity but decreased with increasing amounts of CP38 fields. Only one species responded negatively to heterogeneity and positively to CP38. Our results suggest that the relationships between avian diversity and landscape heterogeneity may vary depending on the aspect of diversity considered: strong positive effects of heterogeneity on taxonomic diversity, but weakly positive or non-significant effects on functional diversity. Our results also indicate that effectiveness of CP38 in conserving avian diversity, particularly, taxonomic diversity, could be limited without the consideration of landscape heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Bok Lee
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi State, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - James A. Martin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ding N, Yang W, Zhou Y, González-Bergonzoni I, Zhang J, Chen K, Vidal N, Jeppesen E, Liu Z, Wang B. Different responses of functional traits and diversity of stream macroinvertebrates to environmental and spatial factors in the Xishuangbanna watershed of the upper Mekong River Basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:288-299. [PMID: 27639026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits and diversity indices have provided new insights into community responses to stressors. Most traits of aquatic organisms have frequently been tested for predictability and geographical stability in response to environmental variables, but such tests of functional diversity indices are rare. We sampled macroinvertebrates at 18 reference sites (RS) and 35 disturbed sites (DS) from headwater streams in the upper Mekong River Basin, Xishuangbanna (XSBN), China. We selected 29 qualitative categories of eight traits and then calculated five functional diversity indices, namely functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), functional dispersion (FDis), functional divergence (FDiv) and Rao's Quadratic Entropy (RaoQ), and two trait diversity indices, namely trait richness (TR) and trait diversity (TD). We used combination of RLQ and fourth-corner to examine the response of traits and functional diversity to the disturbance and environmental variables. We used variance partitioning to explore the relative role of environmental variables and spatial factors in constraining trait composition and functional diversity. We found that the relative frequency of ten trait categories, and the values of TD, TR, FRic and FDis in RS were significantly different (p<0.05) from DS. In addition, the seven traits (except for "habit") demonstrated a predictable response of trait patterns along the integrative environmental gradients. Environmental variables significantly contributed to most of the traits, functional diversity and trait diversity. However, spatial variables were mainly significant in shaping ecological traits, FRic and FEve. Our results confirm the dominant role of environmental variables in the determination of community trait composition and functional diversity, and substantiate the contribution of spatial vectors in explaining the variance of functional traits and diversity. We conclude that the traits "Refuge", "External protection", "Respiration" and "Body shape", and diversity indices FDis, TD, and TR are promising indicators of stream conditions at XSBN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weifang Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunlei Zhou
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ivan González-Bergonzoni
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Central Jutland 8000, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Haidian District, 100190, Beijing, PR China; Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP: 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China; Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210024, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nicolas Vidal
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Central Jutland 8000, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Haidian District, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Central Jutland 8000, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Haidian District, 100190, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Haidian District, 100190, Beijing, PR China; Nanjing Institute for Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Beixin Wang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
MacLean AL, Lo Celso C, Stumpf MP. Concise Review: Stem Cell Population Biology: Insights from Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2016; 35:80-88. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. MacLean
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus London United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus London United Kingdom
| | - Michael P.H. Stumpf
- Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus London United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Karadimou EK, Kallimanis AS, Tsiripidis I, Dimopoulos P. Functional diversity exhibits a diverse relationship with area, even a decreasing one. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35420. [PMID: 27752086 PMCID: PMC5067660 DOI: 10.1038/srep35420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between species richness and area is one of the few well-established laws in ecology, and one might expect a similar relationship with functional diversity (FD). However, only a few studies investigate the relationship between trait-based FD and area, the Functional Diversity - Area Relationship (FDAR). To examine FDAR, we constructed the species accumulation curve and the corresponding FD curve. We used plant diversity data from nested plots (1-128 m2), recorded on the Volcanic islands of Santorini Archipelagos, Greece. Six multidimensional FD indices were calculated using 26 traits. We identified a typology of FDARs depending on the facet of FD analyzed: (A) strongly positive for indices quantifying the range of functional traits in the community, (B) negative correlation for indices quantifying the evenness in the distribution of abundance in the trait space, (C) no clear pattern for indices reflecting the functional similarity of species and (D) idiosyncratic patterns with area for functional divergence. As area increases, the range of traits observed in the community increases, but the abundance of traits does not increase proportionally and some traits become dominant, implying a reliance on some functions that may be located in either the center or the periphery of the trait space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elpida K Karadimou
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Tsiripidis
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panayotis Dimopoulos
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Comte L, Cucherousset J, Boulêtreau S, Olden JD. Resource partitioning and functional diversity of worldwide freshwater fish communities. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Comte
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington 98105 USA
- CNRSUMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique)Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA 118 route de Narbonne F‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- CNRSUMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique)Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA 118 route de Narbonne F‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Stéphanie Boulêtreau
- INP, UPSEcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement)Université de Toulouse 118 route de Narbonne F‐31062 Toulouse France
- CNRSEcoLab F‐31062 Toulouse France
| | - Julian D. Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of Washington Seattle Washington 98105 USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Laub BG, Budy P. Assessing the likely effectiveness of multispecies management for imperiled desert fishes with niche overlap analysis. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2015; 29:1153-1163. [PMID: 25627117 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A critical decision in species conservation is whether to target individual species or a complex of ecologically similar species. Management of multispecies complexes is likely to be most effective when species share similar distributions, threats, and response to threats. We used niche overlap analysis to assess ecological similarity of 3 sensitive desert fish species currently managed as an ecological complex. We measured the amount of shared distribution of multiple habitat and life history parameters between each pair of species. Habitat use and multiple life history parameters, including maximum body length, spawning temperature, and longevity, differed significantly among the 3 species. The differences in habitat use and life history parameters among the species suggest they are likely to respond differently to similar threats and that most management actions will not benefit all 3 species equally. Habitat restoration, frequency of stream dewatering, non-native species control, and management efforts in tributaries versus main stem rivers are all likely to impact each of the species differently. Our results demonstrate that niche overlap analysis provides a powerful tool for assessing the likely effectiveness of multispecies versus single-species conservation plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Laub
- Department of Watershed Sciences, The Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, U.S.A
| | - Phaedra Budy
- Department of Watershed Sciences, The Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, U.S.A
- U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Utah State University, 5290 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Effects of grazing on plant species diversity and pasture quality in subalpine grasslands in the eastern Pyrenees (Andorra): Implications for conservation. J Nat Conserv 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
38
|
Ecoregional Vulnerability Assessment for the Functional Richness of South American Carnivorans (Mammalia: Carnivora). J MAMM EVOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-014-9264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
39
|
Schuldt A, Assmann T, Bruelheide H, Durka W, Eichenberg D, Härdtle W, Kröber W, Michalski SG, Purschke O. Functional and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants drive herbivory in a highly diverse forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:864-873. [PMID: 24460549 PMCID: PMC4235298 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss may alter ecosystem processes, such as herbivory, a key driver of ecological functions in species-rich (sub)tropical forests. However, the mechanisms underlying such biodiversity effects remain poorly explored, as mostly effects of species richness - a very basic biodiversity measure - have been studied. Here, we analyze to what extent the functional and phylogenetic diversity of woody plant communities affect herbivory along a diversity gradient in a subtropical forest. We assessed the relative effects of morphological and chemical leaf traits and of plant phylogenetic diversity on individual-level variation in herbivory of dominant woody plant species across 27 forest stands in south-east China. Individual-level variation in herbivory was best explained by multivariate, community-level diversity of leaf chemical traits, in combination with community-weighted means of single traits and species-specific phylodiversity measures. These findings deviate from those based solely on trait variation within individual species. Our results indicate a strong impact of generalist herbivores and highlight the need to assess food-web specialization to determine the direction of biodiversity effects. With increasing plant species loss, but particularly with the concomitant loss of functional and phylogenetic diversity in these forests, the impact of herbivores will probably decrease - with consequences for the herbivore-mediated regulation of ecosystem functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schuldt
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr. 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Assmann
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr. 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, University of HalleAm Kirchtor 1, D-06108, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZTheodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - David Eichenberg
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, University of HalleAm Kirchtor 1, D-06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Werner Härdtle
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr. 1, D-21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Wenzel Kröber
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, University of HalleAm Kirchtor 1, D-06108, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan G Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZTheodor-Lieser-Str. 4, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Oliver Purschke
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, University of HalleAm Kirchtor 1, D-06108, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lefcheck JS, Buchheister A, Laumann KM, Stratton MA, Sobocinski KL, Chak STC, Clardy TR, Reynolds PL, Latour RJ, Duffy JE. Dimensions of biodiversity in Chesapeake Bay demersal fishes: patterns and drivers through space and time. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00284.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
41
|
Schuldt A, Bruelheide H, Durka W, Michalski SG, Purschke O, Assmann T. Tree diversity promotes functional dissimilarity and maintains functional richness despite species loss in predator assemblages. Oecologia 2013; 174:533-43. [PMID: 24096740 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of species loss on ecosystems depend on the community's functional diversity (FD). However, how FD responds to environmental changes is poorly understood. This applies particularly to higher trophic levels, which regulate many ecosystem processes and are strongly affected by human-induced environmental changes. We analyzed how functional richness (FRic), evenness (FEve), and divergence (FDiv) of important generalist predators-epigeic spiders-are affected by changes in woody plant species richness, plant phylogenetic diversity, and stand age in highly diverse subtropical forests in China. FEve and FDiv of spiders increased with plant richness and stand age. FRic remained on a constant level despite decreasing spider species richness with increasing plant species richness. Plant phylogenetic diversity had no consistent effect on spider FD. The results contrast with the negative effect of diversity on spider species richness and suggest that functional redundancy among spiders decreased with increasing plant richness through non-random species loss. Moreover, increasing functional dissimilarity within spider assemblages with increasing plant richness indicates that the abundance distribution of predators in functional trait space affects ecological functions independent of predator species richness or the available trait space. While plant diversity is generally hypothesized to positively affect predators, our results only support this hypothesis for FD-and here particularly for trait distributions within the overall functional trait space-and not for patterns in species richness. Understanding the way predator assemblages affect ecosystem functions in such highly diverse, natural ecosystems thus requires explicit consideration of FD and its relationship with species richness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schuldt
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Scharnhorststrasse 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Changes in bird functional diversity across multiple land uses: interpretations of functional redundancy depend on functional group identity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63671. [PMID: 23696844 PMCID: PMC3656964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Examinations of the impact of land-use change on functional diversity link changes in ecological community structure driven by land modification with the consequences for ecosystem function. Yet, most studies have been small-scale, experimental analyses and primarily focussed on plants. There is a lack of research on fauna communities and at large-scales across multiple land uses. We assessed changes in the functional diversity of bird communities across 24 land uses aligned along an intensification gradient. We tested the hypothesis that functional diversity is higher in less intensively used landscapes, documented changes in diversity using four diversity metrics, and examined how functional diversity varied with species richness to identify levels of functional redundancy. Functional diversity, measured using a dendogram-based metric, increased from high to low intensity land uses, but observed values did not differ significantly from randomly-generated expected values. Values for functional evenness and functional divergence did not vary consistently with land-use intensification, although higher than expected values were mostly recorded in high intensity land uses. A total of 16 land uses had lower than expected values for functional dispersion and these were mostly low intensity native vegetation sites. Relations between functional diversity and bird species richness yielded strikingly different patterns for the entire bird community vs. particular functional groups. For all birds and insectivores, functional evenness, divergence and dispersion showed a linear decline with increasing species richness suggesting substantial functional redundancy across communities. However, for nectarivores, frugivores and carnivores, there was a significant hump-shaped or non-significant positive linear relationship between these functional measures and species richness indicating less redundancy. Hump-shaped relationships signify that the most functionally diverse communities occur at intermediate levels of species richness. Interpretations of redundancy thus vary for different functional groups and related ecosystem functions (e.g. pollination), and can be substantially different to relationships involving entire ecological communities.
Collapse
|
43
|
Floury M, Usseglio-Polatera P, Ferreol M, Delattre C, Souchon Y. Global climate change in large European rivers: long-term effects on macroinvertebrate communities and potential local confounding factors. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:1085-99. [PMID: 23504886 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic species living in running waters are widely acknowledged to be vulnerable to climate-induced, thermal and hydrological fluctuations. Climate changes can interact with other environmental changes to determine structural and functional attributes of communities. Although such complex interactions are most likely to occur in a multiple-stressor context as frequently encountered in large rivers, they have received little attention in such ecosystems. In this study, we aimed at specifically addressing the issue of relative long-term effects of global and local changes on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in multistressed large rivers. We assessed effects of hydroclimatic vs. water quality factors on invertebrate community structure and composition over 30 years (1979-2008) in the Middle Loire River, France. As observed in other large European rivers, water warming over the three decades (+0.9 °C between 1979-1988 and 1999-2008) and to a lesser extent discharge reduction (-80 m(3) s(-1) ) were significantly involved in the disappearance or decrease in taxa typical from fast running, cold waters (e.g. Chloroperlidae and Potamanthidae). They explained also a major part of the appearance and increase of taxa typical from slow flowing or standing waters and warmer temperatures, including invasive species (e.g. Corbicula sp. and Atyaephyra desmarestii). However, this shift towards a generalist and pollution tolerant assemblage was partially confounded by local improvement in water quality (i.e. phosphate input reduction by about two thirds and eutrophication limitation by almost one half), explaining a significant part of the settlement of new pollution-sensitive taxa (e.g. the caddisfly Brachycentridae and Philopotamidae families) during the last years of the study period. The regain in such taxa allowed maintaining a certain level of specialization in the invertebrate community despite climate change effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Floury
- Laboratoire National Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Belmaker J, Jetz W. Spatial Scaling of Functional Structure in Bird and Mammal Assemblages. Am Nat 2013; 181:464-78. [DOI: 10.1086/669906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
45
|
Ponge JF. Disturbances, organisms and ecosystems: a global change perspective. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:1113-24. [PMID: 23610648 PMCID: PMC3631418 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present text exposes a theory of the role of disturbances in the assemblage and evolution of species within ecosystems, based principally, but not exclusively, on terrestrial ecosystems. Two groups of organisms, doted of contrasted strategies when faced with environmental disturbances, are presented, based on the classical r-K dichotomy, but enriched with more modern concepts from community and evolutionary ecology. Both groups participate in the assembly of known animal, plant, and microbial communities, but with different requirements about environmental fluctuations. The so-called "civilized" organisms are doted with efficient anticipatory mechanisms, allowing them to optimize from an energetic point of view their performances in a predictable environment (stable or fluctuating cyclically at the scale of life expectancy), and they developed advanced specializations in the course of evolutionary time. On the opposite side, the so-called "barbarians" are weakly efficient in a stable environment because they waste energy for foraging, growth, and reproduction, but they are well adapted to unpredictably changing conditions, in particular during major ecological crises. Both groups of organisms succeed or alternate each other in the course of spontaneous or geared successional processes, as well as in the course of evolution. The balance of "barbarians" against "civilized" strategies within communities is predicted to shift in favor of the first type under present-day anthropic pressure, exemplified among others by climate warming, land use change, pollution, and biological invasions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Ponge
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7179 4 avenue du Petit-Château, Brunoy, 91800, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ding Z, Feeley KJ, Wang Y, Pakeman RJ, Ding P. Patterns of bird functional diversity on land-bridge island fragments. J Anim Ecol 2013; 82:781-90. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
| | | | - Yanping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
| | - Robin J. Pakeman
- The James Hutton Institute; Craigiebuckler; Aberdeen; AB15 8QH; UK
| | - Ping Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Carmona CP, Azcárate FM, de Bello F, Ollero HS, Lepš J, Peco B. Taxonomical and functional diversity turnover in Mediterranean grasslands: interactions between grazing, habitat type and rainfall. J Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P. Carmona
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG); Ecology Department; Autonomous University of Madrid; 28049; Madrid; Spain
| | - Francisco M. Azcárate
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG); Ecology Department; Autonomous University of Madrid; 28049; Madrid; Spain
| | | | - Helios S. Ollero
- Biology Department; Autonomous University of Madrid; 28049; Madrid; Spain
| | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany; Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; CZ-370 05; Cěské Budějovice; Czech Republic
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG); Ecology Department; Autonomous University of Madrid; 28049; Madrid; Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Habit E, Gonzalez J, Ruzzante DE, Walde SJ. Native and introduced fish species richness in Chilean Patagonian lakes: inferences on invasion mechanisms using salmonid-free lakes. DIVERS DISTRIB 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Habit
- Centro de Ciencias Ambientales; EULA; Universidad de Concepción; Barrio Universitario s/n Concepción Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas Patagónicos (CIEP); Coyhaique Chile
| | - Jorge Gonzalez
- Centro de Ciencias Ambientales; EULA; Universidad de Concepción; Barrio Universitario s/n Concepción Chile
| | | | - Sandra J. Walde
- Department of Biology; Dalhousie University; Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mouchet MA, Bouvier C, Bouvier T, Troussellier M, Escalas A, Mouillot D. Genetic difference but functional similarity among fish gut bacterial communities through molecular and biochemical fingerprints. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 79:568-80. [PMID: 22092438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the major involvement of gut microflora in the digestive function of various macro-organisms, bacterial communities inhabiting fish guts may be the main actors of organic matter degradation by fish. Nevertheless, the extent and the sources of variability in the degradation potential of gut bacterial communities are largely overlooked. Using Biolog Ecoplate™ and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), we explored functional (i.e. the ability to degrade organic matter) and genetic (i.e. identification of DGGE banding patterns) diversity of fish gut bacterial communities, respectively. Gut bacterial communities were extracted from fish species characterized by different diets sampled along a salinity gradient in the Patos-Mirim lagoons complex (Brazil). We found that functional diversity was surprisingly unrelated to genetic diversity of gut bacterial communities. Functional diversity was not affected by the sampling site but by fish species and diet, whereas genetic diversity was significantly influenced by all three factors. Overall, the functional diversity was consistently high across fish individuals and species, suggesting a wide functional niche breadth and a high potential of organic matter degradation. We conclude that fish gut bacterial communities may strongly contribute to nutrient cycling regardless of their genetic diversity and environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud A Mouchet
- UMR 5119 CNRS-UM2-UM1-IRD-Ifremer Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Brown KA, Flynn DFB, Abram NK, Ingram JC, Johnson SE, Wright P. Assessing natural resource use by forest-reliant communities in Madagascar using functional diversity and functional redundancy metrics. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24107. [PMID: 21909413 PMCID: PMC3164705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity plays an integral role in the livelihoods of subsistence-based forest-dwelling communities and as a consequence it is increasingly important to develop quantitative approaches that capture not only changes in taxonomic diversity, but also variation in natural resources and provisioning services. We apply a functional diversity metric originally developed for addressing questions in community ecology to assess utilitarian diversity of 56 forest plots in Madagascar. The use categories for utilitarian plants were determined using expert knowledge and household questionnaires. We used a null model approach to examine the utilitarian (functional) diversity and utilitarian redundancy present within ecological communities. Additionally, variables that might influence fluctuations in utilitarian diversity and redundancy--specifically number of felled trees, number of trails, basal area, canopy height, elevation, distance from village--were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models (GLMs). Eighteen of the 56 plots showed utilitarian diversity values significantly higher than expected. This result indicates that these habitats exhibited a low degree of utilitarian redundancy and were therefore comprised of plants with relatively distinct utilitarian properties. One implication of this finding is that minor losses in species richness may result in reductions in utilitarian diversity and redundancy, which may limit local residents' ability to switch between alternative choices. The GLM analysis showed that the most predictive model included basal area, canopy height and distance from village, which suggests that variation in utilitarian redundancy may be a result of local residents harvesting resources from the protected area. Our approach permits an assessment of the diversity of provisioning services available to local communities, offering unique insights that would not be possible using traditional taxonomic diversity measures. These analyses introduce another tool available to conservation biologists for assessing how future losses in biodiversity will lead to a reduction in natural resources and provisioning services from forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Brown
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University London, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|