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Zhu Y, Yao Y, Xi J, Tang C, Wu L. Modelling the effect of pH and H2S on the germination of F. graminearum spores under different temperature conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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2
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Keivani H, Jahadi M. Solid-state fermentation for the production of Monascus pigments from soybean meals. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Krumova E, Kostadinova N, Miteva-Staleva J, Stoyancheva G, Spassova B, Abrashev R, Angelova M. Potential of ligninolytic enzymatic complex produced by white-rot fungi from genus Trametes isolated from Bulgarian forest soil. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:692-701. [PMID: 32624949 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the crucial role of ligninolytic enzymes in a variety of industrial processes, the demand for a new effective producer has been constantly increasing. Furthermore, information on enzyme synthesis by autochthonous fungal strains is very seldom found. Two fungal strains producing ligninolytic enzymes were isolated from Bulgarian forest soil. They were identified as being Trametes trogii and T. hirsuta. These two strains were assessed for their enzyme activities, laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and Mn-dependent peroxidase (MnP) in culture filtrate depending on the temperature and the type of nutrient medium. T. trogii was selected as the better producer of ligninolytic enzymes. The production process was further improved by optimizing a number of parameters such as incubation time, type of cultivation, volume ratio of medium/air, inoculum size and the addition of inducers. The maximum activities of enzymes synthesized by T. trogii was detected as 11100 U/L for Lac, 2.5 U/L for LiP and 4.5 U/L for MnP after 14 days of incubation at 25°C under static conditions, volume ratio of medium/air 1:6, and 3 plugs as inoculum. Among the supplements tested, 5% glycerol increased Lac activity to a significant extent. The addition of 1% veratryl alcohol had a positive effect on MnP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Krumova
- Department of Mycology The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Nedelina Kostadinova
- Department of Mycology The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Jeni Miteva-Staleva
- Department of Mycology The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Galina Stoyancheva
- Department of General Microbiology The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Boryana Spassova
- Department of Mycology The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Radoslav Abrashev
- Department of Mycology The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Maria Angelova
- Department of Mycology The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria
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Sephton-Clark PCS, Voelz K. Spore Germination of Pathogenic Filamentous Fungi. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 102:117-157. [PMID: 29680124 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fungi, algae, plants, protozoa, and bacteria are all known to form spores, especially hardy and ubiquitous propagation structures that are also often the infectious agents of diseases. Spores can survive for thousands of years, frozen in the permafrost (Kochkina et al., 2012), with the oldest viable spores extracted after 250 million years from salt crystals (Vreeland, Rosenzweig, & Powers, 2000). Their resistance to high levels of UV, desiccation, pressure, heat, and cold enables the survival of spores in the harshest conditions (Setlow, 2016). For example, Bacillus subtilis spores can survive and remain viable after experiencing conditions similar to those on Mars (Horneck et al., 2012). Spores are disseminated through environmental factors. Wind, water, or animal carriage allow spores to be spread ubiquitously throughout the environment. Spores will break dormancy and begin to germinate once exposed to favorable conditions. Germination is the mechanism that converts the spore from a dormant biological organism to one that grows vegetatively and is capable of either sexual or asexual reproduction. The process of germination has been well studied in plants, moss, bacteria, and many fungi (Hohe & Reski, 2005; Huang & Hull, 2017; Vesty et al., 2016). Unfortunately, information on the complex signaling involved in the regulation of germination, particularly in fungi remains lacking. This chapter will discuss germination of fungal spores covering our current understanding of the regulation, signaling, outcomes, and implications of germination of pathogenic fungal spores. Owing to the morphological similarities between the spore-hyphal and yeast-hyphal transition and their relevance for disease progression, relevant aspects of fungal dimorphism will be discussed alongside spore germination in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy C S Sephton-Clark
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin Voelz
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Mares JH, Gramacho KP, Santos EC, da Silva Santiago A, Santana JO, de Sousa AO, Alvim FC, Pirovani CP. Proteomic analysis during of spore germination of Moniliophthora perniciosa, the causal agent of witches' broom disease in cacao. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:176. [PMID: 28818052 PMCID: PMC5561645 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Moniliophthora perniciosa is a phytopathogenic fungus responsible for witches’ broom disease of cacao trees (Theobroma cacao L.). Understanding the molecular events during germination of the pathogen may enable the development of strategies for disease control in these economically important plants. In this study, we determined a comparative proteomic profile of M. perniciosa basidiospores during germination by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. Results A total of 316 proteins were identified. Molecular changes during the development of the germinative tube were identified by a hierarchical clustering analysis based on the differential accumulation of proteins. Proteins associated with fungal filamentation, such as septin and kinesin, were detected only 4 h after germination (hag). A transcription factor related to biosynthesis of the secondary metabolite fumagillin, which can form hybrids with polyketides, was induced 2 hag, and polyketide synthase was observed 4 hag. The accumulation of ATP synthase, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), and catalase was validated by western blotting. Conclusions In this study, we showed variations in protein expression during the early germination stages of fungus M. perniciosa. Proteins associated with fungal filamentation, and consequently with virulence, were detected in basidiospores 4 hag., for example, septin and kinesin. We discuss these results and propose a model of the germination of fungus M. perniciosa. This research can help elucidate the mechanisms underlying basic processes of host invasion and to develop strategies for control of the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-017-1085-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joise Hander Mares
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Everton Cruz Santos
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Oliveira Santana
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Aurizângela Oliveira de Sousa
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fátima Cerqueira Alvim
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Center of Biotechnology and Genetics, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
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Paulussen C, Hallsworth JE, Álvarez‐Pérez S, Nierman WC, Hamill PG, Blain D, Rediers H, Lievens B. Ecology of aspergillosis: insights into the pathogenic potency of Aspergillus fumigatus and some other Aspergillus species. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:296-322. [PMID: 27273822 PMCID: PMC5328810 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Aspergillus are widespread in the environment. Some Aspergillus species, most commonly Aspergillus fumigatus, may lead to a variety of allergic reactions and life-threatening systemic infections in humans. Invasive aspergillosis occurs primarily in patients with severe immunodeficiency, and has dramatically increased in recent years. There are several factors at play that contribute to aspergillosis, including both fungus and host-related factors such as strain virulence and host pulmonary structure/immune status, respectively. The environmental tenacity of Aspergilllus, its dominance in diverse microbial communities/habitats, and its ability to navigate the ecophysiological and biophysical challenges of host infection are attributable, in large part, to a robust stress-tolerance biology and exceptional capacity to generate cell-available energy. Aspects of its stress metabolism, ecology, interactions with diverse animal hosts, clinical presentations and treatment regimens have been well-studied over the past years. Here, we synthesize these findings in relation to the way in which some Aspergillus species have become successful opportunistic pathogens of human- and other animal hosts. We focus on the biophysical capabilities of Aspergillus pathogens, key aspects of their ecophysiology and the flexibility to undergo a sexual cycle or form cryptic species. Additionally, recent advances in diagnosis of the disease are discussed as well as implications in relation to questions that have yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Paulussen
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM)Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S)KU LeuvenCampus De NayerSint‐Katelijne‐WaverB‐2860Belgium
| | - John E. Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food SecuritySchool of Biological SciencesMedical Biology CentreQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT9 7BLUK
| | - Sergio Álvarez‐Pérez
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Animal HealthUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridE‐28040Spain
| | | | - Philip G. Hamill
- Institute for Global Food SecuritySchool of Biological SciencesMedical Biology CentreQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT9 7BLUK
| | - David Blain
- Institute for Global Food SecuritySchool of Biological SciencesMedical Biology CentreQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT9 7BLUK
| | - Hans Rediers
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM)Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S)KU LeuvenCampus De NayerSint‐Katelijne‐WaverB‐2860Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM)Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S)KU LeuvenCampus De NayerSint‐Katelijne‐WaverB‐2860Belgium
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Zhang XF, Shen W, Gurunathan S. Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cold and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli. Molecules 2016; 21:E731. [PMID: 27271586 PMCID: PMC6273942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique physical, chemical, and optical properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have recently attracted much interest in the field of nanomedicine, especially in the areas of cancer diagnosis and photothermal therapy. Because of the enormous potential of these nanoparticles, various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been adopted for their synthesis. Synthetic antioxidants are dangerous to human health. Thus, the search for effective, nontoxic natural compounds with effective antioxidative properties is essential. Although AuNPs have been studied for use in various biological applications, exploration of AuNPs as antioxidants capable of inhibiting oxidative stress induced by heat and cold stress is still warranted. Therefore, one goal of our study was to produce biocompatible AuNPs using biological methods that are simple, nontoxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Next, we aimed to assess the antioxidative effect of AuNPs against oxidative stress induced by cold and heat in Escherichia coli, which is a suitable model for stress responses involving AuNPs. The response of aerobically grown E. coli cells to cold and heat stress was found to be similar to the oxidative stress response. Upon exposure to cold and heat stress, the viability and metabolic activity of E. coli was significantly reduced compared to the control. In addition, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and leakage of proteins and sugars were significantly elevated, and the levels of lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) significantly lowered compared to in the control. Concomitantly, AuNPs ameliorated cold and heat-induced oxidative stress responses by increasing the expression of antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), super oxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). These consistent physiology and biochemical data suggest that AuNPs can ameliorate cold and heat stress-induced oxidative damage in E. coli. Our results indicate that AuNPs may be effective antioxidants. However, further studies are needed to confirm the role of AuNPs as antioxidative agents, as well as their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Copper-induced adaptation, oxidative stress and its tolerance in Aspergillus niger UCP1261. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Roukas T. The role of oxidative stress on carotene production by Blakeslea trispora in submerged fermentation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:424-33. [PMID: 25600464 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.989424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In aerobic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed during the fermentation that can cause oxidative stress in microorganisms. Microbial cells possess both enzymatic and non-enzymatic defensive systems that may protect cells from oxidative damage. The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase are the two key defensive enzymes to oxidative stress. The factors that induce oxidative stress in microorganisms include butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), hydrogen peroxide, metal ions, dissolved oxygen tension, elevated temperature, menadione, junglone, paraquat, liquid paraffin, introduction to bioreactors of shake flask inocula and synthetic medium sterilized at initial pH 11.0. Carotenes are highly unsaturated isoprene derivatives. They are used as antioxidants and as coloring agents for food products. In fungi, carotenes are derived via the mevalonate biosynthesis pathway. The key genes in carotene biosynthesis are hmgR, ipi, isoA, carG, carRA and carB. Among microorganisms, Βlakeslea trispora is the main microorganism used for the production of carotenes on the industrial scale. Currently, the synthetic medium is considered the superior substrate for the production of carotenes in a pilot plant scale. The fermentation systems used for the production of carotenes include shake flasks, stirred tank fermentor, bubble column reactor and flat panel photobioreactor. This review summarizes the oxidative stresses in microorganisms and it is focused on the current status of carotene production by B. trispora including oxidative stress induced by BHT, enhanced dissolved oxygen levels, iron ions, liquid paraffin and synthetic medium sterilized at an initial pH 11.0. The oxidative stress induced by the above factors increases significantly the production of carotenes. However, to further reduce the cost of carotene production, new biotechnological methods with higher productivity still need to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Roukas
- a Laboratory of Food Engineering and Processing, Department of Food Science and Technology , Aristotle University , Thessaloniki , Greece
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10
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Abrashev R, Stoitsova S, Krumova E, Pashova S, Paunova-Krasteva T, Vassilev S, Dolashka-Angelova P, Angelova M. Temperature-stress tolerance of the fungal strain Aspergillus niger 26: physiological and ultrastructural changes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:1661-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Delgado DA, de Souza Sant’Ana A, de Massaguer PR. Occurrence of molds on laminated paperboard for aseptic packaging, selection of the most hydrogen peroxide- and heat-resistant isolates and determination of their thermal death kinetics in sterile distilled water. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2609-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sharma R, Katoch M, Govindappa N, Srivastava PS, Sastry KN, Qazi GN. Evaluation of the catalase promoter for expressing the alkaline xylanase gene (alx) in Aspergillus niger. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 327:33-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Sharma
- Biotechnology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR); Jammu; India
| | - Meenu Katoch
- Biotechnology Division; Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR); Jammu; India
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Kumar S, Kalyanasundaram GT, Gummadi SN. Differential response of the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to different environmental stresses in Debaryomyces nepalensis NCYC 3413. Curr Microbiol 2010; 62:382-7. [PMID: 20644932 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of salt, pH, and temperature stress on the cellular level of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) was studied in Debaryomyces nepalensis NCYC 3413, a halotolerant yeast. The catalase activity increased in different phases, while SOD and G3PDH activities declined in late stationary phase. A significant increase in SOD activity was observed under different stress as compared to control. Salt and temperature stress enhanced the catalase activity where as it was suppressed by pH stress. G3PDH level increased with salt stress, however, no significant change was observed under pH and temperature stress. The observations recorded in this investigation suggested that D. nepalensis has an efficient protective mechanism of antioxidant enzymes and G3PDH against salt, pH, and temperature stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawan Kumar
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India
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15
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Lambou K, Lamarre C, Beau R, Dufour N, Latge JP. Functional analysis of the superoxide dismutase family inAspergillus fumigatus. Mol Microbiol 2010; 75:910-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.07024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Fungi are amongst the most industrially important microorganisms in current use within the biotechnology industry. Most such fungal cultures are highly aerobic in nature, a character that has been frequently referred to in both reactor design and fungal physiology. The most fundamentally significant outcome of the highly aerobic growth environment in fermenter vessels is the need for the fungal culture to effectively combat in the intracellular environment the negative consequences of high oxygen transfer rates. The use of oxygen as the respiratory substrate is frequently reported to lead to the development of oxidative stress, mainly due to oxygen-derived free radicals, which are collectively termed as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, there has been extensive research on the occurrence, extent, and consequences of oxidative stress in microorganisms, and the underlying mechanisms through which cells prevent and repair the damage caused by ROS. In the present study, we critically review the current understanding of oxidative stress events in industrially relevant fungi. The review first describes the current state of knowledge of ROS concisely, and then the various antioxidant strategies employed by fungal cells to counteract the deleterious effects, together with their implications in fungal bioprocessing are also discussed. Finally, some recommendations for further research are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Strathclyde Fermentation Centre, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Abrashev RI, Pashova SB, Stefanova LN, Vassilev SV, Dolashka-Angelova PA, Angelova MB. Heat-shock-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant response in Aspergillus niger 26. Can J Microbiol 2009; 54:977-83. [PMID: 19096452 DOI: 10.1139/w08-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To extend the knowledge about the relationship between heat shock and oxidative stress in lower eukaryotes, the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger 26 was chosen as a model system. Here, the response of A. niger cells to heat shock is reported. The temperature treatment significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, superoxide anions (O2), and hydrogen peroxide and the rate of cyanide-resistant respiration as a marker of oxidative stress. Enhanced reactive oxygen species generation coincided with an increase in the content of oxidative damaged protein and in the accumulation of the storage carbohydrates trehalose and glycogen. Thermal survival of the A. niger cells corresponded to a significant increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase for all variants. These observations suggest that heat and oxidative stress have a common cellular effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav I Abrashev
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Academician G. Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Dolashki A, Abrashev R, Stevanovic S, Stefanova L, Ali SA, Velkova L, Hristova R, Angelova M, Voelter W, Devreese B, Van Beeumen J, Dolashka-Angelova P. Biochemical properties of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase from fungal strain Aspergillus niger 26. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 71:975-983. [PMID: 18395490 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2007] [Revised: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The fungal strain Aspergillus niger produces two superoxide dismutases, Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD. The primary structure of the Cu/Zn-SOD has been determined by Edman degradation of peptide fragments derived from proteolytic digests. A single chain of the protein, consisting of 153 amino acid residues, reveals a very high degree of structural homology with the amino acid sequences of other Aspergillus Cu/Zn-SODs. The molecular mass of ANSOD, measured by MALDI-MS and ESI-MS, and calculated by its amino acid sequence, was determined to be 15821 Da. Only one Trp residue, at position 32, and one disulfide bridge were identified. However, neither a Tyr residue nor a carbohydrate chain occupying an N-linkage site (-Asn-Ile-Thr-) were found. Studies on the temperature and pH dependence of fluorescence, and on the temperature dependence of CD spectroscopic properties, confirmed that the enzyme is very stable, which can be explained by the stabilising effect of the disulfide bridge. The enzyme retains about 53% of its activity after incubation for a period of 30 min at 60 degrees C, and 15% at 85 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Dolashki
- Interfacultary Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 4, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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The effects of elevated process temperature on the protein carbonyls in the filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger B1-D. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Todorova D, Nedeva D, Abrashev R, Tsekova K. Cd (II) stress response during the growth of Aspergillus niger B 77. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:178-84. [PMID: 17850314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationship between growth, heavy metal ions uptake and participation of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the protection of Aspergillus niger B 77 against cadmium stress. METHODS AND RESULTS The stress response of the model fungal strain, under conditions of a wide range of Cd (II) ion concentrations, was investigated by determining the biomass formation, protein biosynthesis, SOD and CAT activities and heavy metal uptake in growing cells. Exposure to heavy metal ions induced an increase in protein content, heavy metal uptake and SOD activity, and a heavy decrease in CAT activity. CONCLUSION The results obtained indicated that the tolerance of A. niger to Cd (II) was correlated with the heavy metal uptake, reactive oxygen species generation in the cells and the efficiency of antioxidative defence system. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Evidence is provided for the possibility that oxidative stress plays a major role in the effect of Cd (II) ions on A. niger. These data could offer useful information when creating new strategies and methodological improvements for bioremediation with the participation of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Todorova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Deletion analysis of the catalase-encoding gene (catB) promoter from Aspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008; 72:48-53. [PMID: 18175923 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The catalase-encoding gene (catB) is expressed strongly in Aspergillus oryzae. To identify the transcription regulatory elements involved in strong expression, we did promoter deletion analysis using beta-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter and an electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (EMSA) systematically. The deletion 200-bp sequence from -1,000 to -800 in the 1,400-bp catB promoter caused a drastic decrease in GUS activity. In addition, EMSA implicated a 45-bp element from -1,000 to -956 containing cis-elements. According to detailed promoter deletion analysis, a region from -1,000 to -975, which contains putative heat shock element (HSE) and the CCAAT-box, was involved in strong expression.
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Smirnova GV, Muzyka NG, Oktyabrsky ON. Enhanced resistance to peroxide stress in Escherichia coli grown outside their niche temperatures. J Therm Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Inouye S, Uchida K, Nishiyama Y, Hasumi Y, Yamaguchi H, Abe S. Combined Effect of Heat, Essential Oils and Salt on the Fungicidal Activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Foot Bath. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 48:27-36. [PMID: 17287720 DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.48.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This work was originally undertaken to determine the effective conditions of essential oils against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in vitro for the treatment of tinea pedis in a foot bath. Agar blocks implanted with T. mentagrophytes were immersed in 0.1% aqueous agar containing two-fold dilutions of essential oils with or without sodium chloride at 27 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 42 degrees C for 10 and 20 min. The number of surviving mycelia on the agar blocks was determined from the standard curves of the colony diameter and original inocula of the conidia. At the same time, the thermal effect on the cellular morphology was examined using SEM. Most fungal mycelia (99.7%) were killed after treatment at 42 degrees C for 20 min without essential oil. The fungicidal activity of essential oils was markedly enhanced by treating at 42 degrees C for 20 min as compared with that at 27 degrees C, showing 1/4 - 1/32-fold reduction of minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC to kill 99.99%). The order of the fungicidal activity of 11 essential oils was oregano, thyme thymol, cinnamon bark > lemongrass > clove, palmarose, peppermint, lavender > geranium Bourbon, tea tree > thyme geraniol oils. MFCs were further reduced to 1/2 - 1/8 by the addition of 10% sodium chloride. The salt effect was explained, at least partly, by an increase in mycelial adsorption of antifungal constituents in the presence of sodium chloride. Considerable hyphal damage was done at 27 degrees C by the essential oils, but no further alteration in morphology of the hyphae treated at 42 degrees C with or without oil was observed by SEM. The inhibitory effect of heat and oils was also observed against mycelia of T. rubrum and conidia of T. mentagrophytes. Thermotherapy combined with essential oils and salt would be promising to treat tinea pedis in a foot bath.
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Erkan A, Bakir U, Karakas G. Photocatalytic microbial inactivation over Pd doped SnO2 and TiO2 thin films. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chen HL, Yen CC, Tsai TC, Yu CH, Liou YJ, Lai YW, Wang ML, Chen CM. Production and characterization of human extracellular superoxide dismutase in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:8041-7. [PMID: 17032007 DOI: 10.1021/jf061379x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are associated with various diseases including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and pulmonary diseases. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme secreted by cells to prevent overproduction of reactive oxygen species. We expressed an ECSOD gene isolated from a human aortic smooth muscle cDNA library in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. A synthetic secretion cassette was constructed with the inducible promoter of the alcohol oxidase 1 gene (AOX1) and the yeast alpha-mating factor signal peptide. As much as 25% of the total protein was ECSOD in some transformants grown under inducing conditions. After 36 h of methanol induction, ECSOD was exported into the culture medium at a concentration of approximately 440 mg/L with an antioxidative activity of 760 +/- 20 U/mg ECSOD. Transformed yeast cells were more resistant to heat shock and H(2)O(2) oxidative stress, indicating that the human ECSOD expressed by P. pastoris had multiple biological functions. Our data suggest that the methylotrophic yeast inducible system is suitable for large-scale production of enzymatically active human ECSOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, Taiwan
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