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Kahar G, Haxim Y, Waheed A, Bozorov TA, Liu X, Wen X, Zhao M, Zhang D. Multi-Omics Approaches Provide New Insights into the Identification of Putative Fungal Effectors from Valsa mali. Microorganisms 2024; 12:655. [PMID: 38674600 PMCID: PMC11051974 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi secrete numerous effectors into host cells to manipulate plants' defense mechanisms. Valsa mali, a necrotrophic fungus, severely impacts apple production in China due to the occurrence of Valsa canker. Here, we predicted 210 candidate effector protein (CEP)-encoding genes from V. mali. The transcriptome analysis revealed that 146 CEP-encoding genes were differentially expressed during the infection of the host, Malus sieversii. Proteome analysis showed that 27 CEPs were differentially regulated during the infection stages. Overall, 25 of the 146 differentially expressed CEP-encoding genes were randomly selected to be transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Pathogenicity analysis showed that the transient expression of VM1G-05058 suppressed BAX-triggered cell death while the expression of VM1G-10148 and VM1G-00140 caused cell death in N. benthamiana. In conclusion, by using multi-omics analysis, we identified potential effector candidates for further evaluation in vivo. Our results will provide new insights into the investigation of virulent mechanisms of V. mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Kahar
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yakupjan Haxim
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Abdul Waheed
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Tohir A. Bozorov
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, Kibray 111226, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Xuejing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Mingqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (G.K.); (Y.H.); (A.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (M.Z.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Turpan 838008, China
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2
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Khan MF, Hof C, Niemcová P, Murphy CD. Recent advances in fungal xenobiotic metabolism: enzymes and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:296. [PMID: 37658215 PMCID: PMC10474215 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Fungi have been extensively studied for their capacity to biotransform a wide range of natural and xenobiotic compounds. This versatility is a reflection of the broad substrate specificity of fungal enzymes such as laccases, peroxidases and cytochromes P450, which are involved in these reactions. This review gives an account of recent advances in the understanding of fungal metabolism of drugs and pollutants such as dyes, agrochemicals and per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), and describes the key enzymes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation. The potential of fungi and their enzymes in the bioremediation of polluted environments and in the biocatalytic production of important compounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faheem Khan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carina Hof
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patricie Niemcová
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac D Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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3
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El-aziz SMA, Faraag AHI, Ibrahim AM, Albrakati A, Bakkar MR. Tyrosinase Enzyme Purification and Immobilization from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 Using Cellulose Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles: Characterization of Bioactivity in Melanin Product.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3100351/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Melanin is a brown-black pigment produced by a variety of organisms and has significant roles in various biological processes such as insect cuticle sclerotization, wound healing, and fruit ripening. The tyrosinase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. Research on this enzyme and its derivatives has revealed promising uses in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. The aim of this research is to purify and immobilize the tyrosinase enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 using cellulose-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Various techniques, such as UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zeta Sizer Nano ZS, and FTIR, were utilized to examine the synthesized nanoparticles. According to the findings, the nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape with an average diameter of 12 nm. Furthermore, they possessed a negative surface charge, as evidenced by a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.260 and a surface potential of -55.7 mV. The antibacterial and anticancer bioactivity of the enzyme's melanin product is also investigated. Results of the study indicated optimum tyrosinase activity at pH 6 and 35°C and increased with increasing tyrosine concentration. The results indicate that by immobilizing the tyrosinase enzyme on cellulose coated magnetic nanoparticles, its stability can be improved, enabling longer usage. Moreover, this method could prove beneficial in increasing the production of melanin. Produced melanin showed potential antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant strain of Citrobacter freundii. The potential of melanin pigment to decrease cell survival and induce apoptosis in initiation cells was demonstrated. When treated with the IC50 concentration, HepG2 cells showed reduced resistance to melanin pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif
| | - Marwa Reda Bakkar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo
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4
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Noel D, Hallsworth JE, Gelhaye E, Darnet S, Sormani R, Morel-Rouhier M. Modes-of-action of antifungal compounds: Stressors and (target-site-specific) toxins, toxicants, or Toxin-stressors. Microb Biotechnol 2023. [PMID: 37191200 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi and antifungal compounds are relevant to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. However, the modes-of-action of antifungals-whether they are naturally occurring substances or anthropogenic fungicides-are often unknown or are misallocated in terms of their mechanistic category. Here, we consider the most effective approaches to identifying whether antifungal substances are cellular stressors, toxins/toxicants (that are target-site-specific), or have a hybrid mode-of-action as Toxin-stressors (that induce cellular stress yet are target-site-specific). This newly described 'toxin-stressor' category includes some photosensitisers that target the cell membrane and, once activated by light or ultraviolet radiation, cause oxidative damage. We provide a glossary of terms and a diagrammatic representation of diverse types of stressors, toxic substances, and Toxin-stressors, a classification that is pertinent to inhibitory substances not only for fungi but for all types of cellular life. A decision-tree approach can also be used to help differentiate toxic substances from cellular stressors (Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015 33: 228-259). For compounds that target specific sites in the cell, we evaluate the relative merits of using metabolite analyses, chemical genetics, chemoproteomics, transcriptomics, and the target-based drug-discovery approach (based on that used in pharmaceutical research), focusing on both ascomycete models and the less-studied basidiomycete fungi. Chemical genetic methods to elucidate modes-of-action currently have limited application for fungi where molecular tools are not yet available; we discuss ways to circumvent this bottleneck. We also discuss ecologically commonplace scenarios in which multiple substances act to limit the functionality of the fungal cell and a number of as-yet-unresolved questions about the modes-of-action of antifungal compounds pertaining to the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, Nancy, France
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5
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Ni Y, Wang Y, Tabor AB, Ward JM, Hailes HC. The use of tyrosinases in a chemoenzymatic cascade as a peptide ligation strategy. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:132-137. [PMID: 36794017 PMCID: PMC9906322 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00237j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides play many key roles in biological systems and numerous methods have been developed to generate both natural and unnatural peptides. However, straightforward, reliable coupling methods that can be achieved under mild reactions conditions are still sought after. In this work, a new N-terminal tyrosine-containing peptide ligation method with aldehydes, utilising a Pictet-Spengler reaction is described. In a key step, tyrosinase enzymes have been used to convert l-tyrosine to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl alanine (l-DOPA) residues, generating suitable functionality for the Pictet-Spengler coupling. This new chemoenzymatic coupling strategy can be used for fluorescent-tagging and peptide ligation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeke Ni
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Alethea B. Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College LondonBernard Katz Building, Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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6
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Changes in structural and functional properties of whey protein cross-linked by polyphenol oxidase. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112377. [PMID: 36737962 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The natural whey protein is unstable, to achieve more efficient utilization, the functional properties of whey protein were modified by changing its structure, and enzymatic cross-linking is one of the common methods in dairy products to change the functional characterization. This study was conducted with objective to evaluate the structural and functional of whey protein which was cross-linked by polyphenol oxidase from Agaricus bisporus. Whey protein was cross-linked by polyphenol oxidase, and the polymers and dimers were revealed by SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS, the structural alterations of the polymers were analyzed by UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy and SEM, and the effects of functional properties of whey protein after cross-linked were also explored. Results showed that dimer and high polymer of β-lactoglobulin were formed, the secondary structure of whey protein was exhibited a significant variation, and the microstructure changed obviously. Moreover, the foaming and antioxidant activity of whey protein was enhanced although the emulsifying was reduced after cross-linked. These findings emphasize the feasible application of enzymatic cross-linking in improving the functional properties of whey protein, and provide a new direction for changing the traditional processing technology of whey protein and developing high-quality products.
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7
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Modifying a bacterial tyrosinase zymogen for use in protease activity assays. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8285-8294. [PMID: 36404357 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current clinical laboratory assays are not sufficient for determining the activity of many specific human proteases yet. In this study, we developed a general approach that enables the determination of activities of caspase-3 based on the proteolytic activation of the engineered zymogen of the recombinant tyrosinase from Verrucomicrobium spinosum (Vs-tyrosinase) by detecting the diphenolase activity in an increase in absorbance at 475 nm. Here, we designed three different zymogen constructs of Vs-tyrosinase, including RSL-pre-pro-TYR, Pre-pro-TYR, and Pro-TYR. The active domain was fused to the reactive site loop (RSL) of α1-proteinase inhibitor and/or its own signal peptide (pre) and/or its own C-terminal domain (pro) via a linker containing a specific caspase-3 cleavage site. Further studies revealed that both RSL peptide and TAT signal peptide were able to inhibit tyrosinase diphenolase activity, in which RSL-pre-pro-TYR had the lowest background signals. Therefore, a specific protease activity such as caspase-3 could be detected when a suitable zymogen was established. Our results could provide a new way to directly detect the activities of key human proteases, for instance, to monitor the efficacy and safety of tumor therapy by determining the activity of apoptosis-related caspase-3 in patients. KEY POINTS: • RSL inhibited the activity of Verrucomicrobium spinosum tyrosinase. • N-pre and C-terminal domain exerted stronger dual inhibition on the Vs-tyrosinase. • The activity of caspase-3 could be measured by the zymogen activation system.
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8
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Cao S, Wang D, Cheng R, Shi W, Zhang Q, Zeng H, Chen J. Modulation of the lipophilicity and molecular size of thiosemicarbazone inhibitors to regulate tyrosinase activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121590. [PMID: 35850043 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A group of 5-methylsalicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives (HMTs) bearing different lipophilic and steric substituents attached at the 3-position of cresol ring were synthesized and investigated as mushroom tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors. The ability of HMTs to inhibit the diphenolase activity of TYR was evaluated with L-DOPA as substrate by determining IC50 values in relation to their structure modifications. HMTs displayed distinct inhibitory competencies towards TYR activity with IC50 values in the range of 1.02-143.56 μM. A close correlation between their inhibition potency and both lipophilicity and molecular size was observed. The inhibitory effect of the hydroxyethyl-containing derivatives was much higher than the hydroxyethyl-free ones overall. Among them, HMT-NBO exhibited the most potent effect with IC50 of 5.85 μM, which was nearly 25-fold and 3.8-fold lower than its parent HMT-NBE and the control kojic acid, respectively. The hydroxyethyl clearly benefited the improvement of the inhibitory competences and acted as a regulating group of lipophilicity of the inhibitors. The kinetic analyses showed that HMTs were reversible and mixed type inhibitors against mushroom TYR. The inhibition mechanism was studied by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, FT-IR, ESI-MS and molecular docking analysis. The results indicated that the observed inhibitory effect of HMTs was accomplished by acting on the amino acid residues rather than by chelating the centre copper ions of TYR. Each of HMTs can insert the hydrophobic pocket and interact with the residues of TYR through Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds, with additional electrostatic interactions for HMT-NEE and HMT-NEO further strengthening the affinity. Meanwhile, the inhibitors were observed to bind with L-DOPA or/and L-DOPAquinone forming 1:1 stoichiometric complexes, probably exerting indirect inhibition against TYR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Run Cheng
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Wenyan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
| | - Huajin Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Industrial Technology Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
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9
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Villa F, Wu YL, Zerboni A, Cappitelli F. In Living Color: Pigment-Based Microbial Ecology At the Mineral-Air Interface. Bioscience 2022; 72:1156-1175. [PMID: 36451971 PMCID: PMC9699719 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigment-based color is one of the most important phenotypic traits of biofilms at the mineral-air interface (subaerial biofilms, SABs), because it reflects the physiology of the microbial community. Because color is the hallmark of all SABs, we argue that pigment-based color could convey the mechanisms that drive microbial adaptation and coexistence across different terrestrial environments and link phenotypic traits to community fitness and ecological dynamics. Within this framework, we present the most relevant microbial pigments at the mineral-air interface and discuss some of the evolutionary landscapes that necessitate pigments as adaptive strategies for resource allocation and survivability. We report several pigment features that reflect SAB communities' structure and function, as well as pigment ecology in the context of microbial life-history strategies and coexistence theory. Finally, we conclude the study of pigment-based ecology by presenting its potential application and some of the key challenges in the research.
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Arshad R, Khan MA, Mutahir S, Hussain S, Al-Hazmi GH, Refat MS. DFT, Molecular Docking and ADME Studies of Thiazolidinones as Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2124286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raqeeba Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Sadaf Mutahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Sufyan Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S. Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Shehzadi SA, Saeed A, Perveen F, Channar PA, Arshad I, Abbas Q, Kalsoom S, Yousaf S, Simpson J. Identification of two novel thiazolidin-2-imines as tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis, crystal structure, molecular docking and DFT studies. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10098. [PMID: 36046526 PMCID: PMC9421195 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various N- and S-containing 5-membered heterocycles such as imidazole-2-thiones, thiazolidinones and thiazolidin-2-imines are among the most eminent biologically active organic heterocycles and are present in many marketed drugs. In view of their synthetic and biological significance, an efficient synthesis of two novel thiazolidine-2-imines (4a-b) utilizing a three-component one-pot approach starting from an aldimine, an alkyne and isothiocyanates has been developed. The reaction proceeded via a 5-exo digonal (5-exo dig) cyclization of a propargyl thiourea, formed in situ in the presence of Zn(II)-catalyst. The structures of the resulting products are elucidated by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. A DFT study explored the structural, thermodynamic and molecular electrostatic potential parameters for the compounds. The newly synthesized compounds (4a & 4b) were evaluated for the inhibition of tyrosinase both in vitro and in silico. The in vitro results revealed that the synthesized thiazolidine-2-imines (4a-b) showed good inhibition activity towards mushroom tyrosinase (IC50 = 1.151 ± 1.25 and 2.079 ± 0.87 μM respectively) in comparison to the kojic acid standard (IC50 = 16.031 ± 1.27 μM) a commonly used anti-pigment agent in plant and animal tissues. The experimental inhibition was further assessed by molecular docking studies between synthesized ligands and the human tyrosinase protein complex to investigate the intermolecular interactions responsible for tyrosinase inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Aaliya Shehzadi
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Perveen
- Research Center for Modelling and Simulations (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ifzan Arshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology, Sialkot, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Department of Physiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kalsoom
- Department of Chemistry, Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousaf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jim Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Cha GS, Mok JA, Yun CH, Park CM. Production of 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine using novel tyrosinases from Bacillus megaterium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 160:110069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Martínková L, Křístková B, Křen V. Laccases and Tyrosinases in Organic Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3462. [PMID: 35408822 PMCID: PMC8998183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases (Lac) and tyrosinases (TYR) are mild oxidants with a great potential in research and industry. In this work, we review recent advances in their use in organic synthesis. We summarize recent examples of Lac-catalyzed oxidation, homocoupling and heterocoupling, and TYR-catalyzed ortho-hydroxylation of phenols. We highlight the combination of Lac and TYR with other enzymes or chemical catalysts. We also point out the biological and pharmaceutical potential of the products, such as dimers of piceid, lignols, isorhamnetin, rutin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxychalcones, thiols, hybrid antibiotics, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, pyrimidine derivatives, hydroxytyrosols, alkylcatechols, halocatechols, or dihydrocaffeoyl esters, etc. These products include radical scavengers; antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor compounds; and building blocks for bioactive compounds and drugs. We summarize the available enzyme sources and discuss the scalability of their use in organic synthesis. In conclusion, we assume that the intensive use of laccases and tyrosinases in organic synthesis will yield new bioactive compounds and, in the long-term, reduce the environmental impact of industrial organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Barbora Křístková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (B.K.); (V.K.)
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14
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Zhao Y, Hu JJ, Bai XL, Liu HP, Qi XW, Liao X. Fast screening of tyrosinase inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicinal plants by ligand fishing in combination with in situ fluorescent assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2265-2273. [PMID: 34982177 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for screening of tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors present in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) was developed by combining ligand fishing and the fluorescent enzymatic assay based on dopamine-functionalized carbon quantum dots (CQDs-Dopa). Ligands of the enzyme present in the TCM extractions were firstly adsorbed on the enzyme-modified magnetic beads, and then the beads were magnetically separated and subjected directly to the CQDs-Dopa-based fluorescent assay. Finally, compounds were desorbed from the "active" beads and identified with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. A known natural TYR inhibitor quercetin was selected to assess the feasibility and quantification performance of this method, and good linearity in the range of 0.01-0.16 mM (R2 = 0.992) with a low detection limit of 0.004 mM was obtained. This method was then applied to screen TYR inhibitors present in Scutellaria baicalensis and Sophora flavescens. Six TYR inhibitors including baicalin (1), baicalein (2), wogonin (3), oroxylin A (4), kurarinone (5), and sophoraflavanone G (6) were found, among which 1-4 were firstly discovered in this work. This is the first report on the in situ assessment of the target compounds obtained by ligand fishing in the form of a mixture, which exhibited the combined advantages of specific extraction ability of ligand fishing and the high sensitivity of CQDs-based fluorescent assay, showing great potential for fast screening of enzyme inhibitors from TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Jin-Jie Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Bai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao-Peng Liu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Xu-Wei Qi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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15
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Choi H, Young Ryu I, Choi I, Ullah S, Jin Jung H, Park Y, Hwang Y, Jeong Y, Hong S, Chun P, Young Chung H, Ryong Moon H. Identification of (Z)-2-benzylidene-dihydroimidazothiazolone derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors: anti-melanogenic effects and in silico studies. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:899-912. [PMID: 35242283 PMCID: PMC8861568 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - YeJi Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sojeong Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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16
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Choi J, Neupane T, Baral R, Jee JG. Hydroxamic Acid as a Potent Metal-Binding Group for Inhibiting Tyrosinase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020280. [PMID: 35204163 PMCID: PMC8868331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a metalloenzyme containing a dicopper cofactor, plays a central role in synthesizing melanin from tyrosine. Many studies have aimed to identify small-molecule inhibitors of tyrosinase for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural purposes. In this study, we report that hydroxamic acid is a potent metal-binding group for interacting with dicopper atoms, thereby inhibiting tyrosinase. Hydroxamate-containing molecules, including anticancer drugs targeting histone deacetylase, vorinostat and panobinostat, significantly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase, with inhibitory constants in the submicromolar range. Of the tested molecules, benzohydroxamic acid was the most potent. Its inhibitory constant of 7 nM indicates that benzohydroxamic acid is one of the most potent tyrosinase inhibitors. Results from differential scanning fluorimetry revealed that direct binding mediates inhibition. The enzyme kinetics were studied to assess the inhibitory mechanism of the hydroxamate-containing molecules. Experiments with B16F10 cell lysates confirmed that the new inhibitors are inhibitory against mammalian tyrosinase. Docking simulation data revealed intermolecular contacts between hydroxamate-containing molecules and tyrosinase.
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17
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Lee KE, Bharadwaj S, Sahoo AK, Yadava U, Kang SG. Determination of tyrosinase-cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and (-/+)-catechin binding modes reveal mechanistic differences in tyrosinase inhibition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24494. [PMID: 34969954 PMCID: PMC8718538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, exquisitely catalyzes the phenolic compounds into brown or black pigment, inhibition is used as a treatment for dermatological or neurodegenerative disorders. Natural products, such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and (-/+)-catechin, are considered safe and non-toxic food additives in tyrosinase inhibition but their ambiguous inhibitory mechanism against tyrosinase is still elusive. Thus, we presented the mechanistic insights into tyrosinase with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and (-/+)-catechin using computational simulations and in vitro assessment. Initial molecular docking results predicted ideal docked poses (- 9.346 to - 5.795 kcal/mol) for tyrosinase with selected flavonoids. Furthermore, 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations and post-simulation analysis of docked poses established their stability and oxidation of flavonoids as substrate by tyrosinase. Particularly, metal chelation via catechol group linked with the free 3-OH group on the unconjugated dihydropyran heterocycle chain was elucidated to contribute to tyrosinase inhibition by (-/+)-catechin against cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Also, predicted binding free energy using molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area for each docked pose was consistent with in vitro enzyme inhibition for both mushroom and murine tyrosinases. Conclusively, (-/+)-catechin was observed for substantial tyrosinase inhibition and advocated for further investigation for drug development against tyrosinase-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
- Stemforce, 313 Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, 211015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Umesh Yadava
- Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India.
| | - Sang Gu Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
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18
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Zeng H, Zhou S, Xie L, Zhang X, Zeng J, Yan M, Liang Q, Liu T, Liang K, Zhang L, Chen P, Jiang L, Kong B. Interfacially Super-Assembled Tyramine-Modified Mesoporous Silica-Alumina Oxide Heterochannels for Label-Free Tyrosinase Detection. Anal Chem 2021; 94:2589-2596. [PMID: 34962369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) is a multifunctional copper-containing enzyme that plays a critical role in the biosynthetic pathway of melanin. Thus, the detection of TYR activity possesses vast importance from clinical diagnosis to the food industry. However, most TYR detection methods are expensive, complicated, and time-consuming. Herein, a functional nanofluidic heterochannel composed of an ultrathin tyramine-modified mesoporous silica layer (Tyr-MS) and alumina oxide (AAO) arrays is constructed by an interfacial super-assembly method. The heterochannel with plenty of enzyme catalytic sites for TYR provides the response of the ion current signal against TYR concentrations. Introducing enzymatic reaction paves the way for the heterochannel to achieve label-free, selective, specific detection of TYR. Notably, a highly sensitive detection of TYR with a limit of 2 U mL-1 was obtained by optimizing the modified conditions. Detailed investigations and theoretical calculations further reveal the mechanism for the detection performance. This work provides a simple, low-cost, quick response, and label-free platform based on functional nanofluidic devices for enzyme-sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Qirui Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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19
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Kitsanayanyong L, Ohshima T. Ergothioneine: a potential antioxidative and anti-melanosis agent for food quality preservation. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:1330-1347. [PMID: 34951485 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The global population increase has increased the demand for food products. However, post-harvest deterioration due to oxidation and discoloration results in a drastic loss of food quality and supply. Thus, research has focused on developing strategies to minimize such losses. One of those strategies includes the application of ergothioneine (ET), a potent hydrophilic antioxidant, to several food products so as to overcome their short shelf-life. ET can be synthetic or derived from several species of edible mushrooms and their extracts, which are known sources of natural ET. Given the reported potential of ET in food quality preservation, this review compiles the recent applications of ET as a preservative for maintaining the quality of food commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitphan Kitsanayanyong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
| | - Toshiaki Ohshima
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
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20
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Yu Y, Tan H, Liu T, Liu L, Tang J, Peng W. Dual RNA-Seq Analysis of the Interaction Between Edible Fungus Morchella sextelata and Its Pathogenic Fungus Paecilomyces penicillatus Uncovers the Candidate Defense and Pathogenic Factors. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:760444. [PMID: 34925269 PMCID: PMC8675245 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.760444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morels (Morchella spp.) are economically important mushrooms cultivated in many countries. However, their production and quality are hindered by white mold disease because of Paecilomyces penicillatus infection. In this study, we aimed to understand the genetic mechanisms of interactions between P. penicillatus and Morchella. M. sextelata, the most prevalent species of Morchella in China, was inoculated with P. penicillatus; then, the expression profiles of both fungi were determined simultaneously at 3 and 6 days post-inoculation (dpi) using a dual RNA-Seq approach. A total of 460 and 313 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in P. penicillatus and M. sextelata, respectively. The CAZymes of β-glucanases and mannanases, as well as subtilase family, were upregulated in P. penicillatus, which might be involved in the degradation of M. sextelata cell walls. Chitin recognition protein, caffeine-induced death protein, and putative apoptosis-inducing protein were upregulated, while cyclin was downregulated in infected M. sextelata. This indicates that P. penicillatus could trigger programmed cell death in M. sextelata after infection. Laccase-2, tyrosinases, and cytochrome P450s were also upregulated in M. sextelata. The increased expression levels of these genes suggest that M. sextelata could detoxify the P. penicillatus toxins and also form a melanin barrier against P. penicillatus invasion. The potential pathogenic mechanisms of P. penicillatus on M. sextelata and the defense mechanisms of M. sextelata against P. penicillatus were well described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,National Observing and Experimental Station of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Tan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,National Observing and Experimental Station of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China.,School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianhai Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,National Observing and Experimental Station of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixu Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,National Observing and Experimental Station of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,National Observing and Experimental Station of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Peng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.,National Observing and Experimental Station of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
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21
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Kumar A, Yadav AN, Mondal R, Kour D, Subrahmanyam G, Shabnam AA, Khan SA, Yadav KK, Sharma GK, Cabral-Pinto M, Fagodiya RK, Gupta DK, Hota S, Malyan SK. Myco-remediation: A mechanistic understanding of contaminants alleviation from natural environment and future prospect. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131325. [PMID: 34216922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and modernization of agricultural systems contaminated lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere of the Earth. Sustainable remediation of contamination is essential for environmental sustainability. Myco-remediation is proposed to be a green, economical, and efficient technology over conventional remediation technologies to combat escalating pollution problems at a global scale. Fungi can perform remediation of pollutants through several mechanisms like biosorption, precipitation, biotransformation, and sequestration. Myco-remediation significantly removes or degrades metal metals, persistent organic pollutants, and other emerging pollutants. The current review highlights the species-specific remediation potential, influencing factors, genetic and molecular control mechanism, applicability merits to enhance the bioremediation efficiency. Structure and composition of fungal cell wall is crucial for immobilization of toxic pollutants and a subtle change on fungal cell wall structure may significantly affect the immobilization efficiency. The utilization protocol and applicability of enzyme engineering and myco-nanotechnology to enhance the bioremediation efficiency of any potential fungus was proposed. It is advocated that the association of hyper-accumulator plants with plant growth-promoting fungi could help in an effective cleanup strategy for the alleviation of persistent soil pollutants. The functions, activity, and regulation of fungal enzymes in myco-remediation practices required further research to enhance the myco-remediation potential. Study of the biotransformation mechanisms and risk assessment of the products formed are required to minimize environmental pollution. Recent advancements in molecular "Omic techniques"and biotechnological tools can further upgrade myco-remediation efficiency in polluted soils and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat, Assam, 785700, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India
| | - Raju Mondal
- Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre (CSGRC), Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Thally Road, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, 635109, India
| | - Divjot Kour
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India
| | - Gangavarapu Subrahmanyam
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat, Assam, 785700, India
| | - Aftab A Shabnam
- Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat, Assam, 785700, India
| | - Shakeel A Khan
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, M.P., India.
| | - Gulshan Kumar Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Dadwara Kota 324002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Marina Cabral-Pinto
- Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ram Kishor Fagodiya
- Division of Soil and Crop Management, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, Barhi, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825411, India
| | - Surabhi Hota
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Dadwara Kota 324002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Jalvigyan Bhawan, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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22
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Bird LJ, Kundu BB, Tschirhart T, Corts AD, Su L, Gralnick JA, Ajo-Franklin CM, Glaven SM. Engineering Wired Life: Synthetic Biology for Electroactive Bacteria. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2808-2823. [PMID: 34637280 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive bacteria produce or consume electrical current by moving electrons to and from extracellular acceptors and donors. This specialized process, known as extracellular electron transfer, relies on pathways composed of redox active proteins and biomolecules and has enabled technologies ranging from harvesting energy on the sea floor, to chemical sensing, to carbon capture. Harnessing and controlling extracellular electron transfer pathways using bioengineering and synthetic biology promises to heighten the limits of established technologies and open doors to new possibilities. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements in genetic tools for manipulating native electroactive bacteria to control extracellular electron transfer. After reviewing electron transfer pathways in natively electroactive organisms, we examine lessons learned from the introduction of extracellular electron transfer pathways into Escherichia coli. We conclude by presenting challenges to future efforts and give examples of opportunities to bioengineer microbes for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina J. Bird
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Biki B. Kundu
- PhD Program in Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tanya Tschirhart
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Anna D. Corts
- Joyn Bio, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Lin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey A. Gralnick
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | | | - Sarah M. Glaven
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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23
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Liu X, Rao J, Wang K, Wang M, Yao T, Qiu F. Highly Potent Inhibition of Tyrosinase by Mulberrosides and the Inhibitory Mechanism in Vitro. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100740. [PMID: 34752017 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many stilbene glycosides can alleviate skin hyperpigmentation due to their inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. Mulberrosides in Morus alba L. are stilbene glycosides. In the present study, the inhibition of tyrosinase by five mulberrosides (S1-5), isolated from Morus alba L. was investigated and compared, and the inhibitory mechanism was explored. These five mulberrosides exhibited obvious inhibitory effects on tyrosinase only in a concentration-dependent manner, without time-dependence, indicating that they are reversible inhibitors of tyrosinase. S2, S1 and S5 inhibited tyrosinase activity with IC50 values of 28.93, 75.94 and 151.72 μM, respectively, and were more active than kojic acid (IC50 =169.13 μM). Kinetic studies revealed that S1, S2 and S4 were competitive inhibitors, while S3 and S5 were mixed inhibitors. Analysis of the fluorescent spectra showed that mulberrosides S1, S2 and S4 quenched the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of tyrosinase. A molecular docking study indicated that the interaction of tyrosinase with mulberrosides was reflected by compound scores as follows: S2>S5>S1>S3/S4>kojic acid, and hydroxy groups in the side chain of mulberrosides may play a crucial role in the binding of the enzyme. Our results suggest that mulberrosides in Morus alba L. could be further developed as whitening agents for enhanced performance against hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiu Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Meijun Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Tie Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, P. R. China
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Li Y, Deng B, Yang S, Tian H, Sun B. A colorimetric fluorescent probe for the detection of tyrosinase and its application for the food industry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Li Y, Deng B, Yang S, Tian H, Liu Y, Sun B. A Fluorescent Probe for The Visible Colorimetric Detection of Tyrosinase. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
| | - Bing Deng
- Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
| | - Shaoxiang Yang
- Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
| | - Hongyu Tian
- Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
| | - Yongguo Liu
- Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Key laboratory of Flavor Chemistry Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 PR China
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26
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Ilesanmi OS, Adedugbe OF, Adewale IO. Potentials of purified tyrosinase from yam ( Dioscorea spp) as a biocatalyst in the synthesis of cross-linked protein networks. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07831. [PMID: 34485728 PMCID: PMC8405987 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the usefulness of yam tyrosinase as a catalyst in the synthesis of cross-linked protein networks for biopolymers. The enzyme was purified using aqueous two-phase partitioning (ATPs) and peptide mapping on SDS-PAGE was carried out to ascertain degree of similarities of tyrosinase from the yam species. The mapping revealed distinct peptide bands of 3, 4, 4 and 2 for tyrosinase from D. praehensilis, D. alata, D. rotundata and C. esculenta respectively purified using conventional method. In contrast, continuous broad band was noticed for the ATPS-purified enzymes due to bound polyethylene glycol (PEG). Tyrosinase from D. praehensilis with overall better properties was used in the synthesis of cross-linked protein networks. The enzyme catalyzed conversion of soluble proteins from whey, moringa leaves, pumpkin leaves and cow blood into fibrous (cross-linked) protein networks for improved properties and functionalities. The purified tyrosinase from D. praehensilis was also covalently bonded to bovine serum albumin (BSA) forming tyrosinase-BSA adduct with molecular weight of 118 ± 2.0 kDa, revealing its potential as a reporter enzyme by reporting BSA. The overall result further reinforces yam tyrosinase as an enzyme of interest in various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isaac Olusanjo Adewale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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27
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Freitas DF, da Rocha IM, Vieira-da-Motta O, de Paula Santos C. The Role of Melanin in the Biology and Ecology of Nematophagous Fungi. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:597-613. [PMID: 34232439 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is a heteropolymer formed by the polymerization of phenolic and indolic compounds. It occurs in organisms across all biological kingdoms and has a range different of functions, thus indicating its important evolutionary role. The presence of melanin offers several protective advantages, including against ultraviolet radiation, traumatic damage, oxidative stress, extreme temperatures, and pressure. For many species of fungi, melanin also participates directly in the process of virulence and pathogenicity. These organisms can synthesize melanin in two main ways: using a substrate of endogenous origin, involving 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN); alternatively, in an exogenous manner with the addition of L-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA or levodopa). As melanin is an amorphous and complex substance, its study requires expensive and inaccessible technologies and analyses are often difficult to perform with conventional biochemical techniques. As such, details about its chemical structure are not yet fully understood, particularly for nematophagous fungi that remain poorly studied. Thus, this review presents an overview of the different types of melanin, with an emphasis on fungi, and discusses the role of melanin in the biology and ecology of nematophagous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivid França Freitas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Izabelli Martins da Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Olney Vieira-da-Motta
- Animal Health Laboratory - Infectious Contagious Diseases Sector, State University of North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil
| | - Clóvis de Paula Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Tissue Biology-LBCT, State University of the North Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro-UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Cep. 28013‑600, Brazil.
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A Novel Tyrosinase from Armillaria ostoyae with Comparable Monophenolase and Diphenolase Activities Suffers Substrate Inhibition. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0027521. [PMID: 33741625 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00275-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a bifunctional enzyme mediating the o-hydroxylation and two-electron oxidation of monophenols to o-quinones. The monophenolase activity of tyrosinase is much desired for the industrial synthesis of catechols. However, the generally low ratio of monophenolase/diphenolase activity of tyrosinase limited its utilization in the industry. In this study, a novel tyrosinase from Armillaria ostoyae strain C18/9 (AoTyr) was characterized, and the results showed that the enzyme has an optimal temperature of 25°C and an optimal pH of 6. The enzyme has comparable monophenolase and diphenolase activities and exhibits substrate inhibition in both of the activities. In silico analysis and mutagenesis experiments showed that residues 262 and 266 play important roles in modulating the substrate inhibition and enzymatic activities of AoTyr, and the replacement of D262 with asparagine significantly increased the monophenolase/diphenolase catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km ratios) (1.63-fold) of the enzyme. The results from this study indicated that this novel tyrosinase could be a potential candidate for the industrial biosynthesis of catechols. IMPORTANCE Tyrosinase is able to oxidize various phenolic compounds, and its ability to convert monophenols into diphenols has caught great attention in the research field and industrial applications. However, the utilization of tyrosinase for the industrial synthesis of catechols has been limited due to the fact that the monophenolase activity of most of the known tyrosinases is much lower than the diphenolase activity. In the present study, a novel tyrosinase with comparable monophenolase and diphenolase activities was characterized. The enzyme exhibits substrate inhibition in both monophenolase and diphenolase activities. In silico analysis followed by mutagenesis experiments confirmed the important roles of residues 262 and 266 in the substrate inhibition and activity modulation of the enzyme, and the D262N variant showed an enhanced monophenolase/diphenolase catalytic efficiency ratio compared to the wild-type enzyme.
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29
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Lee S, Choi H, Park Y, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Choi I, Kang D, Park C, Ryu IY, Jeong Y, Hwang Y, Hong S, Chun P, Moon HR. Urolithin and Reduced Urolithin Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Tyrosinase and Melanogenesis: Importance of the 4-Substituted Resorcinol Moiety. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115616. [PMID: 34070680 PMCID: PMC8199067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported (E)-β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl scaffold ((E)-PUSC) played an important role in showing high tyrosinase inhibitory activity and that derivatives with a 4-substituted resorcinol moiety as the β-phenyl group of the scaffold resulted in the greatest tyrosinase inhibitory activity. To examine whether the 4-substituted resorcinol moiety could impart tyrosinase inhibitory activity in the absence of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety of the (E)-PUSC scaffold, 10 urolithin derivatives were synthesized. To obtain more candidate samples, the lactone ring in synthesized urolithins was reduced to produce nine reduced urolithins. Compounds 1c (IC50 = 18.09 ± 0.25 μM), 1h (IC50 = 4.14 ± 0.10 μM), and 2a (IC50 = 15.69 ± 0.40 μM) had greater mushroom tyrosinase-inhibitory activities than kojic acid (KA) (IC50 = 48.62 ± 3.38 μM). The SAR results suggest that the 4-substituted resorcinol motif makes an important contribution to tyrosinase inhibition. To investigate whether these compounds bind to human tyrosinase, a human tyrosinase homology model was developed. Docking simulations with mushroom and human tyrosinases showed that 1c, 1h, and 2a bind to the active site of both tyrosinases with higher binding affinities than KA. Pharmacophore analyses showed that two hydroxyl groups of the 4-substituted resorcinol entity act as hydrogen bond donors in both mushroom and human tyrosinases. Kinetic analyses indicated that these compounds were all competitive inhibitors. Compound 2a inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in α-MSH plus IBMX-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells more strongly than KA. These results suggest that 2a is a promising candidate for the treatment of skin pigment disorders, and show the 4-substituted resorcinol entity importantly contributes to tyrosinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggwon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA;
| | - Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Yeongmu Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - YeJi Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Sojeong Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (S.L.); (H.C.); (Y.P.); (H.J.J.); (I.C.); (D.K.); (C.P.); (I.Y.R.); (Y.J.); (Y.H.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2815; Fax: +82-51-513-6754
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30
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Rigling M, Liu Z, Hofele M, Prozmann J, Zhang C, Ni L, Fan R, Zhang Y. Aroma and catechin profile and in vitro antioxidant activity of green tea infusion as affected by submerged fermentation with Wolfiporia cocos (Fu Ling). Food Chem 2021; 361:130065. [PMID: 34023683 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to the increasing interest of western consumers in high antioxidant activity of green tea but their low acceptance of its green odor, we employed a new starter culture, Wolfiporia cocos to tune flavor of green tea infusion. After submerged fermentation for 17 h, W. cocos changed the characteristic green odor to an attractive floral, jasmine-like, and slightly citrus-like flavor while preserving most of in vitro antioxidant activity. By application of mSBSE-GC-MS-O combined with sensorial tests, the formed pleasant aroma was mainly attributed to methyl anthranilate (OAV 802), linalool (OAV 190), 2-phenylethanol (OAV165), and geraniol (OAV 118). Concurrently, the catechin profile determined by UHPLC-MS showed diverse reduction rates (10-50%) for the individual catechins after fermentation. Nevertheless, up to 80% of in vitro antioxidant activity in DPPH assay was preserved. Overall, our findings provide an innovative approach to naturally flavor green tea while retaining the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rigling
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Flavor Chemistry, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Zhibin Liu
- Fuzhou University, Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Miriam Hofele
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Flavor Chemistry, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Prozmann
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Flavor Chemistry, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chen Zhang
- Fuzhou University, Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Ni
- Fuzhou University, Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, 350108 Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong Fan
- University of Applied Science Mittelhessen, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Wiesenstraße 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Flavor Chemistry, Fruwirthstraße 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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31
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Oates NC, Abood A, Schirmacher AM, Alessi AM, Bird SM, Bennett JP, Leadbeater DR, Li Y, Dowle AA, Liu S, Tymokhin VI, Ralph J, McQueen-Mason SJ, Bruce NC. A multi-omics approach to lignocellulolytic enzyme discovery reveals a new ligninase activity from Parascedosporium putredinis NO1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2008888118. [PMID: 33903229 PMCID: PMC8106297 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008888118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose, the structural component of plant cells, is a major agricultural byproduct and the most abundant terrestrial source of biopolymers on Earth. The complex and insoluble nature of lignocellulose limits its conversion into value-added commodities, and currently, efficient transformation requires expensive pretreatments and high loadings of enzymes. Here, we report on a fungus from the Parascedosporium genus, isolated from a wheat-straw composting community, that secretes a large and diverse array of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) when grown on lignocellulosic substrates. We describe an oxidase activity that cleaves the major β-ether units in lignin, thereby releasing the flavonoid tricin from monocot lignin and enhancing the digestion of lignocellulose by polysaccharidase mixtures. We show that the enzyme, which holds potential for the biorefining industry, is widely distributed among lignocellulose-degrading fungi from the Sordariomycetes phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C Oates
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Amira Abood
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Schirmacher
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Anna M Alessi
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Susannah M Bird
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph P Bennett
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Leadbeater
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Li
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Adam A Dowle
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Vitaliy I Tymokhin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
- Department of Energy's Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726
| | - Simon J McQueen-Mason
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Bruce
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;
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32
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Hariri R, Saeedi M, Akbarzadeh T. Naturally occurring and synthetic peptides: Efficient tyrosinase inhibitors. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3329. [PMID: 33860571 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of melanin pigment, which is the most important photo protective agent against skin photo carcinogenesis. Excess production of melanin causes hyperpigmentation leading to undesired browning in human skin, fruits, and vegetable as well as plant-derived foods. Moreover, the role of tyrosinase in the onset and progression of various diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson diseases has been well documented in the literature. In this respect, tyrosinase inhibitors have been in the center of attention particularly as the efficient skin whitening agents. Among a wide range of compounds possessing anti-tyrosinase activity, peptides both natural and synthetic derivatives have attracted attention due to high potency and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Hariri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Biochemical Properties of Tyrosinase from Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium copticola; Undecanoic Acid from Aspergillus flavus, an Endophyte of Moringa oleifera, Is a Novel Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051309. [PMID: 33804376 PMCID: PMC7957516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing monooxygenase catalyzing the O-hydroxylation of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine then to dopaquinone that is profoundly involved in melanin synthesis in eukaryotes. Overactivation of tyrosinase is correlated with hyperpigmentation that is metabolically correlated with severe pathological disorders, so, inhibition of this enzyme is the most effective approach in controlling the overproduction of melanin and its hazardous effects. Thus, searching for a powerful, selective inhibitor of human tyrosinase to limit the hyper-synthesis of melanin is a challenge. Unlike the difficulty of overexpression of human tyrosinase, using fungal tyrosinase as a model enzyme to the human one to evaluate the mechanistics of enzyme inhibition in response to various compounds is the most feasible strategy. Thus, the purification of highly catalytic-efficient fungal tyrosinase, exploring a novel inhibitor, and evaluating the mechanistics of enzyme inhibition are the main objectives of this work. Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium copticola were reported as the most potential tyrosinase producers. The biochemical properties suggest that this enzyme displays a higher structural and catalytic proximity to human tyrosinase. Upon nutritional bioprocessing by Plackett–Burman design, the yield of tyrosinase was increased by about 7.5-folds, compared to the control. The purified tyrosinase was strongly inhibited by kojic acid and A. flavus DCM extracts with IC50 values of 15.1 and 12.6 µg/mL, respectively. From the spectroscopic analysis, the main anti-tyrosinase compounds of A. flavus extract was resolved, and verified as undecanoic acid. Further studies are ongoing to unravel the in vivo effect and cytotoxicity of this compound in fungi and human, that could be a novel drug to various diseases associated with hyperpigmentation by melanin.
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Goh YK, Ting ASY. Microbial Biocontrol Agents for Agricultural Soil Remediation: Prospects and Application. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54422-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Choi I, Park Y, Ryu IY, Jung HJ, Ullah S, Choi H, Park C, Kang D, Lee S, Chun P, Young Chung H, Moon HR. In silico and in vitro insights into tyrosinase inhibitors with a 2-thioxooxazoline-4-one template. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:37-50. [PMID: 33363708 PMCID: PMC7753086 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-phenyl-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl (PUSC) scaffold confers tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and in the present study, 16 (Z)-5-(substituted benzylidene)-3-phenyl-2-thioxooxazolidin-4-one analogues containing this scaffold were synthesized. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activities were examined. Compound 1c (IC50 = 4.70 ± 0.40 μM) and compound 1j (IC50 = 11.18 ± 0.54 μM) inhibited tyrosinase by 4.9 and 2.1-fold, respectively, and did so more potently than kojic acid (IC50 = 23.18 ± 0.11 μM). Kinetic analysis of tyrosinase inhibition revealed that 1c and 1j inhibited tyrosinase competitively. Results of docking simulation with mushroom tyrosinase using four docking programs suggested that 1c and 1j bind more strongly than kojic acid to the active site of tyrosinase and supported kinetic findings that both compounds are competitive inhibitors. The docking results of human tyrosinase homology model indicated that 1c and 1j can also strongly inhibit human tyrosinase. EZ-cytox assays revealed 1c and 1j were not cytotoxic to B16F10 melanoma cells. The effects of 1c and 1j on cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin production were also investigated in α-MSH- and IBMX-co-stimulated these cells. Both compounds significantly and dose-dependently reduced tyrosinase activity, and at 10 µM were more potent than kojic acid at 20 µM. Compounds 1c and 1j also inhibited melanogenesis, which suggested that the inhibitory effects of these compounds on melanin production were mainly attributable to their inhibitions of tyrosinase. These results indicate that compounds 1c and 1j with the PUSC scaffold have potential use as whitening agents for the treatment of hyperpigmentation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yujin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Il Young Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sultan Ullah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, FL 33458, USA
| | - Heejeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Chaeun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dongwan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Sanggwon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 50834, South Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
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Abstract
Rhododendrol (RD) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in many plants. Tyrosinase (Ty) converts RD to RD-catechol and subsequently RD-quinone via two-step oxidation reactions, after which RD-melanin forms spontaneously from RD-quinone. RD is cytotoxic in melanocytes and lung cancer cells, but not in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. However, the function of RD metabolites has not been possible to investigate due to the lack of available high purity metabolites. In this study, an enzymatic strategy for RD-catechol production was devised using engineered cytochrome P450 102A1 (CYP102A1) and Ty, and the product was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), LC-MS, and NMR spectroscopy. Engineered CYP102A1 regioselectively produced RD-catechol via hydroxylation at the ortho position of RD. Although RD-quinone was subsequently formed by two step oxidation in Ty catalyzed reactions, L-ascorbic acid (LAA) inhibited RD-quinone formation and contributed to regioselective production of RD-catechol. When LAA was present, the productivity of RD-catechol by Ty was 5.3-fold higher than that by engineered CYP102A1. These results indicate that engineered CYP102A1 and Ty can be used as effective biocatalysts to produce hydroxylated products, and Ty is a more cost-effective biocatalyst for industrial applications than engineered CYP102A1.
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Kim S. Antioxidant Compounds for the Inhibition of Enzymatic Browning by Polyphenol Oxidases in the Fruiting Body Extract of the Edible Mushroom Hericium erinaceus. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070951. [PMID: 32709087 PMCID: PMC7404559 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are attractive resources for novel enzymes and bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, mushrooms spontaneously form brown pigments during food processing as well as extraction procedures for functional compounds. In this study, the dark browning pigment in the extract derived from the edible mushroom Hericium erinaceus was determined to be caused by the oxidation of endogenous polyphenol compounds by the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme family. These oxidized pigment compounds were measured quantitatively using a fluorospectrophotometer and, through chelation deactivation and heat inactivation, were confirmed to be enzymatic browning products of reactions by a metalloprotein tyrosinase in the PPO family. Furthermore, a transcript analysis of the identified putative PPO-coding genes in the different growth phases showed that tyrosinase and laccase isoenzymes were highly expressed in the mushroom fruiting body, and these could be potential PPOs involved in the enzymatic browning reaction. A metabolite profiling analysis of two different growth phases also revealed a number of potential enzymatic browning substances that were grouped into amino acids and their derivatives, phenolic compounds, and purine and pyrimidine nucleobases. In addition, these analyses also demonstrated that the mushroom contained a relatively high amount of natural antioxidant compounds that can effectively decrease the browning reaction via PPO-inhibitory mechanisms that inhibit tyrosinase and scavenge free radicals in the fruiting body. Altogether, these results contribute to an understanding of the metabolites and PPO enzymes responsible for the enzymatic browning reaction of H. erinaceus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; ; Tel.: +82-63-570-5113; Fax: +82-63-570-5109
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Ni QZ, Sierra BN, La Clair JJ, Burkart MD. Chemoenzymatic elaboration of the Raper-Mason pathway unravels the structural diversity within eumelanin pigments. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7836-7841. [PMID: 34123072 PMCID: PMC8163323 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02262d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is a central polymer in living organisms, yet our understanding of its molecular structure remains unresolved. Here, we apply a biosynthetic approach to explore the composite structures accessible in one type of melanin, eumelanin. Using a combination of solid-state NMR, dynamic nuclear polarization, and electron microscopy, we reveal how a variety of monomers are enzymatically polymerized into their corresponding eumelanin pigments. We demonstrate how this approach can be used to unite structure with an understanding of enzymatic activity, substrate scope, and the regulation of nanostructural features. Overall, this data reveals how intermediate metabolites of the Raper–Mason metabolic pathway contribute to polymerization, allowing us to revisit the original proposal of how eumelanin is biosynthesized. Melanin is a central polymer in living organisms, yet our understanding of its molecular structure remains unresolved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhe Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Brianna N Sierra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - James J La Clair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Michael D Burkart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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Effectivity of tyrosinase purification by membrane techniques versus fractionation by salting out. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe main goal of this study was to select micro- and ultrafiltration membranes that can be used for the purification of mushroom tyrosinase, replacing salting-out dual-step processes followed by centrifugations. In experiments, a raw extract from white mushrooms was used with high level of ballast proteins and brownish impurities. Four microfiltration membranes for the removal of undesired high molecular weight compounds were screened and that made of nitrocellulose was selected due to high recovery of enzymatic activity. Then diafiltration and concentration on the membrane made of polyethersulphone (300 kDa) was selected to recover 8% of proteins and 58% of tyrosinase activity with five- to seven purification fold, 10% of proteases, and 8% of brown impurities. It was shown that tyrosinase can be pre-purified by selected membranes yielding the enzyme quality at least comparable to that after double salting-out method but in one device. In both cases, subsequent purification by ion-exchange chromatography slightly increased purification degree of the enzyme and brown impurity removal. The surplus of membrane pre-purification is substantially higher thermal stability of the enzyme, enlarged after the chromatographic step, due to very low content of proteolytic enzymes.
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Elias Moreira AL, Milhomem Cruz-Leite VR, O'Hara Souza Silva L, Alves Parente AF, Bailão AM, Maria de Almeida Soares C, Parente-Rocha JA, Ruiz OH, Borges CL. Proteome characterization of Paracoccidioides lutzii conidia by using nanoUPLC-MS E. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:766-780. [PMID: 32883428 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fungi of the genus Paracoccidioides are the etiological agents of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most prevalent mycosis in Latin America. Paracoccidioidomycosis infection is acquired by inhalation of Paracoccidioides conidia, which have first contact with the lungs and can subsequently spread to other organs/tissues. Until now, there have been no proteomic studies focusing on this infectious particle of Paracoccidioides. In order to identify the Paracoccidioides lutzii conidia proteome, conidia were produced and purified. Proteins were characterized by use of the nanoUPLC-MSE approach. The strategy allowed us to identify a total of 242 proteins in P. lutzii conidia. In the conidia proteome, proteins were classified in functional categories such as protein synthesis, energy production, metabolism, cellular defense/virulence processes, as well as other processes that can be important for conidia survival. Through this analysis, a pool of ribosomal proteins was identified, which may be important for the initial processes of dimorphic transition. In addition, molecules related to energetic and metabolic processes were identified, suggesting a possible basal metabolism during this form of resistance of the fungus. In addition, adhesins and virulence factors were identified in the P. lutzii conidia proteome. Our results demonstrate the potential role that these molecules can play during early cell-host interaction processes, as well as the way in which these molecules are involved in environmental survival during this form of propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luís Elias Moreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | | | - Lana O'Hara Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | | | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Alves Parente-Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| | - Orville Hernandez Ruiz
- Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación MICROBA, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Biundo A, Braunschmid V, Pretzler M, Kampatsikas I, Darnhofer B, Birner-Gruenberger R, Rompel A, Ribitsch D, Guebitz GM. Polyphenol oxidases exhibit promiscuous proteolytic activity. Commun Chem 2020; 3:62. [PMID: 36703476 PMCID: PMC9814219 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinases catalyse both the cresolase and catecholase reactions for the formation of reactive compounds which are very important for industrial applications. In this study, we describe a proteolytic activity of tyrosinases. Two different tyrosinases originating from mushroom and apple are able to cleave the carboxylesterase EstA. The cleavage reaction correlates with the integrity of the active site of tyrosinase and is independent of other possible influencing factors, which could be present in the reaction. Therefore, the cleavage of EstA represents a novel functionality of tyrosinases. EstA was previously reported to degrade synthetic polyesters, albeit slowly. However, the EstA truncated by tyrosinase shows higher degradation activity on the non-biodegradable polyester polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is a well-established environmental threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Biundo
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 22, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Edoardo Orabona, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - V Braunschmid
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 22, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Straße 22, 3430 Tulln, Austria and Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - M Pretzler
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - I Kampatsikas
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - B Darnhofer
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Straße 22, 3430 Tulln, Austria and Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Medical University of Graz, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - R Birner-Gruenberger
- Medical University of Graz, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - D Ribitsch
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 22, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Straße 22, 3430 Tulln, Austria and Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - G M Guebitz
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 22, 3430, Tulln, Austria
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Konrad Lorenz Straße 22, 3430 Tulln, Austria and Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
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VanArsdale E, Hörnström D, Sjöberg G, Järbur I, Pitzer J, Payne GF, van Maris AJA, Bentley WE. A Coculture Based Tyrosine-Tyrosinase Electrochemical Gene Circuit for Connecting Cellular Communication with Electronic Networks. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:1117-1128. [PMID: 32208720 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in mediating information transfer between biology and electronics. By the addition of redox mediators to various samples and cells, one can both electronically obtain a redox "portrait" of a biological system and, conversely, program gene expression. Here, we have created a cell-based synthetic biology-electrochemical axis in which engineered cells process molecular cues, producing an output that can be directly recorded via electronics-but without the need for added redox mediators. The process is robust; two key components must act together to provide a valid signal. The system builds on the tyrosinase-mediated conversion of tyrosine to L-DOPA and L-DOPAquinone, which are both redox active. "Catalytic" transducer cells provide for signal-mediated surface expression of tyrosinase. Additionally, "reagent" transducer cells synthesize and export tyrosine, a substrate for tyrosinase. In cocultures, this system enables real-time electrochemical transduction of cell activating molecular cues. To demonstrate, we eavesdrop on quorum sensing signaling molecules that are secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone and pyocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric VanArsdale
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - David Hörnström
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Sjöberg
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Järbur
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juliana Pitzer
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gregory F. Payne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Antonius J. A. van Maris
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William E. Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Direct Exposure of Dry Enzymes to Atmospheric Pressure Non-Equilibrium Plasmas: The Case of Tyrosinase. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092181. [PMID: 32397486 PMCID: PMC7254212 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The direct interaction of atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasmas with tyrosinase (Tyr) was investigated under typical conditions used in surface processing. Specifically, Tyr dry deposits were exposed to dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) fed with helium, helium/oxygen, and helium/ethylene mixtures, and effects on enzyme functionality were evaluated. First of all, results show that DBDs have a measurable impact on Tyr only when experiments were carried out using very low enzyme amounts. An appreciable decrease in Tyr activity was observed upon exposure to oxygen-containing DBD. Nevertheless, the combined use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and white-light vertical scanning interferometry revealed that, in this reactive environment, Tyr deposits displayed remarkable etching resistance, reasonably conferred by plasma-induced changes in their surface chemical composition as well as by their coffee-ring structure. Ethylene-containing DBDs were used to coat tyrosinase with a hydrocarbon polymer film, in order to obtain its immobilization. In particular, it was found that Tyr activity can be fully retained by properly adjusting thin film deposition conditions. All these findings enlighten a high stability of dry enzymes in various plasma environments and open new opportunities for the use of atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasmas in enzyme immobilization strategies.
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Lee JY, Lee J, Min D, Kim J, Kim HJ, No KT. Tyrosinase-Targeting Gallacetophenone Inhibits Melanogenesis in Melanocytes and Human Skin-Equivalents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093144. [PMID: 32365630 PMCID: PMC7246559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Demands for safe depigmentation compounds are constantly increasing in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, since the numerous relevant compounds reported to date have shown undesirable side effects or low anti-melanogenic effects. In this study, we reported three novel inhibitors of tyrosinase, which is the key enzyme in melanogenesis, identified using docking-based high throughput virtual screening of an in-house natural compound library followed by mushroom tyrosinase inhibition assay. Of the three compounds, gallacetophenone showed high anti-melanogenic effect in both human epidermal melanocytes and a 3D human skin model, MelanoDerm. The inhibitory effect of gallacetophenone on tyrosinase was elucidated by computational molecular modeling at the atomic level. Binding of gallacetophenone to the active site of tyrosinase was found to be stabilized by hydrophobic interactions with His367, Ile368, and Val377; hydrogen bonding with Ser380 and a water molecule bridging the copper ions. Thus, our results strongly suggested gallacetophenone as an anti-melanogenic ingredient that inhibits tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Lee
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin City, Gyunggi-do 17074, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
- Department of Bioengineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jooyun Lee
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea;
| | - Daejin Min
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin City, Gyunggi-do 17074, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Juewon Kim
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin City, Gyunggi-do 17074, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin City, Gyunggi-do 17074, Korea; (J.Y.L.); (D.M.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.-J.K.); (K.T.N.); Tel.: +82-31-280-5827 (H.-J.K.); +82-2-2123-5882 (K.T.N.)
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Bioengineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.K.); (K.T.N.); Tel.: +82-31-280-5827 (H.-J.K.); +82-2-2123-5882 (K.T.N.)
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Deri-Zenaty B, Bachar S, Rebroš M, Fishman A. A coupled enzymatic reaction of tyrosinase and glucose dehydrogenase for the production of hydroxytyrosol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4945-4955. [PMID: 32285177 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a diphenolic compound prevalent mainly in olives with pronounced antioxidant activity and proven benefits for human health. Current production limitations have motivated studies concerning the hydroxylation of tyrosol to HT with tyrosinase; however, accumulation of the diphenol is restricted due to its rapid subsequent oxidation to 3,4-quinone-phenylethanol. In this study, a continuous two-enzyme reaction system of sol-gel-immobilized tyrosinase and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was developed for the synthesis of HT. Purified tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium (TyrBm) and E. coli cell extract expressing GDH from B. megaterium were encapsulated in a sol-gel matrix based on triethoxysilane precursors. While tyrosinase oxidized tyrosol to 3,4-quinone-phenylethanol, GDH catalyzed the simultaneous reduction of the cofactor NAD+ to NADH, which was the reducing agent enabling the accumulation of HT. Using 50 mM tyrosol, the immobilized system under optimized conditions, enabled a final HT yield of 7.68 g/L with productivity of 2.30 mg HT/mg TyrBm beads. Furthermore, the immobilized bi-enzyme system showed the feasibility for HT production from 1 mM tyrosol using a 0.5-L bioreactor as well as stable activity over 8 repeated cycles. The production of other diphenols with commercial importance such as L-dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or piceatannol may be synthesized with this efficient approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batel Deri-Zenaty
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shani Bachar
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Martin Rebroš
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ayelet Fishman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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Iraji A, Adelpour T, Edraki N, Khoshneviszadeh M, Miri R, Khoshneviszadeh M. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking analysis of vaniline-benzylidenehydrazine hybrids as potent tyrosinase inhibitors. BMC Chem 2020; 14:28. [PMID: 32280949 PMCID: PMC7137441 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, 11 novel compounds based on vaniline and benzylidenehydrazine structure were synthesized with various substituents on phenyl aromatic ring of the molecule and evaluated as tyrosinase inhibitors. These new derivatives showed significant anti-tyrosinase activities, among which 4i demonstrated to be the most potent compound, with IC50 values of 1.58 µM . The structure–activity relationship study of the novel constructed analogs was fully discussed. Kinetic study of compound 4i showed uncompetitive inhibition towards tyrosinase. Furthermore, the high potency of 4i was supported theoretically by molecular docking evaluations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- 1Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tina Adelpour
- 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- 1Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- 1Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ramin Miri
- 1Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- 1Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Shi L, Dong P, Song W, Li C, Lu H, Wen Z, Wang C, Shen Z, Chen Y. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals novel insights into the response to Cr(VI) exposure in Cr(VI) tolerant ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus sp. 1 LS-2017. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109935. [PMID: 31740233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and a health hazard to millions of people worldwide. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can assist plants in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. Cr tolerance differs among ECM fungal varieties, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of Cr tolerance in ECM fungi are not clear. This study identified, analysed and compared the Cr(VI)-induced transcriptional changes between Cr(VI)-tolerant strain (Pisolithus sp. 1 LS-2017) and Cr(VI)-sensitive strain (Pisolithus sp. 2 LS-2017) by de novo transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that 93,642 assembled unique transcripts representing the 22,353 (46.76%) unigenes matched the proteins we have known in the Nr database and 47,801 unigenes were got from the Pisolithus spp. For DEGs between the control and 10 mg/L Cr(VI) treatment, cyanoamino acid metabolic, type I diabetes mellitus metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and beta-Alanine metabolism pathways were significantly enriched (p < 0.05) in Pisolithus sp. 1 LS-2017. Two nitrate reductase family genes (nidD, niiA) provide Cr(VI) tolerance for Pisolithus sp. 1 LS-2017 by regulating Cr(VI) reduction. In addition, NO produced by nidD, niiA regulated denitrification can alleviate Cr(VI) induced oxidative stress. In Pisolithus sp. 2 LS-2017, the alcC, aldA and lcf2 gene may alleviate Cr(VI) induced oxidative stress by protecting SH groups and increasing secondary metabolism, reducing detoxify aldehydes to carboxylic acids and producing LCPUFAs respectively; .T gene regulate Cr(VI) induced wound healing by pigmentation and stability of melanin in spore; MKP2 gene accelerate Cr(VI) induced cell death and gpmA gene regulated Cr(VI) induced energy emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Wuyu Song
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Chenxi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Haining Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Zhugui Wen
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China.
| | - Chunchun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; The Collaborated Lab. of Plant Molecular Ecology (between College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University and Asian Natural Environmental Science Center of the University of Tokyo), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agiricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agiricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; The Collaborated Lab. of Plant Molecular Ecology (between College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University and Asian Natural Environmental Science Center of the University of Tokyo), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agiricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agiricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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48
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Li X, Bai H, Wu Y, Cheng W, Wu Y, Wu Z, Yang A, Tong P, Chen H. Structural analysis and allergenicity assessment of an enzymatically cross-linked bovine α-lactalbumin polymer. Food Funct 2020; 11:628-639. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic cross-linking is frequently used in bio-processing of dairy products since it could change the physiochemical and functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Hao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Wei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute
| | - Anshu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute
| | - Ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- P.R. China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute
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49
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Role of Algae–Fungi Relationship in Sustainable Agriculture. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45971-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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A dual-channel ratiometric fluorescent probe for determination of the activity of tyrosinase using nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots and dopamine-modified CdTe quantum dots. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:635. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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