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Samuel AZ, Horii S, Nakashima T, Shibata N, Ando M, Takeyama H. Raman Microspectroscopy Imaging Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis by Filamentous Fungus Penicilium chrysogenum. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2101322. [PMID: 35277945 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their molecular contents are of great interest due to their diverse roles in biological systems and are far from being completely understood. Even though cellular cargo releases mediated by EVs have been demonstrated in several cases, their role in secondary metabolite production and release remains elusive. In this study, this aspect is investigated in detail using Raman microspectroscopic imaging. Considerable evidence is provided to suggest that the release of antibiotic penicillin by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum involves EVs. Further, the study also reveals morphological modifications of the fungal body during biogenesis, changes in cell composition at the locus of biogenesis, and major molecular contents of the released EVs. The results suggest a possible general role of EVs in the release of antibiotics from the producing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Zachariah Samuel
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovations, Waseda University, 513, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Shumpei Horii
- Department of Advanced Science Engineering, Waseda University, Japan, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Waseda University, Japan, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takuji Nakashima
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovations, Waseda University, 513, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Naoko Shibata
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovations, Waseda University, 513, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ando
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovations, Waseda University, 513, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovations, Waseda University, 513, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan.,Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Waseda University, Japan, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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OVAT Analysis and Response Surface Methodology Based on Nutrient Sources for Optimization of Pigment Production in the Marine-Derived Fungus Talaromyces albobiverticillius 30548 Submerged Fermentation. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050248. [PMID: 33925595 PMCID: PMC8146719 DOI: 10.3390/md19050248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment production from filamentous fungi is gaining interest due to the diversity of fungal species, the variety of compounds synthesized, and the possibility of controlled massive productions. The Talaromyces species produce a large panel of metabolites, including Monascus-like azaphilone pigments, with potential use as natural colorants in industrial applications. Optimizing pigment production from fungal strains grown on different carbon and nitrogen sources, using statistical methods, is widespread nowadays. The present work is the first in an attempt to optimize pigments production in a culture of the marine-derived T. albobiverticillius 30548, under the influence of several nutrients sources. Nutrient combinations were screened through the one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) analysis. Sucrose combined with yeast extract provided a maximum yield of orange pigments (OPY) and red pigments (RPY) (respectively, 1.39 g/L quinizarin equivalent and 2.44 g/L Red Yeast pigment equivalent), as well as higher dry biomass (DBW) (6.60 g/L). Significant medium components (yeast extract, K2HPO4 and MgSO4·7H2O) were also identified from one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) analysis for pigment and biomass production. A five-level central composite design (CCD) and a response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to evaluate the optimal concentrations and interactive effects between selected nutrients. The experimental results were well fitted with the chosen statistical model. The predicted maximum response for OPY (1.43 g/L), RPY (2.59 g/L), and DBW (15.98 g/L) were obtained at 3 g/L yeast extract, 1 g/L K2HPO4, and 0.2 g/L MgSO4·7H2O. Such optimization is of great significance for the selection of key nutrients and their concentrations in order to increase the pigment production at a pilot or industrial scale.
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Effects of Selenium on Differentiation and Antioxidant Activity of Sclerotium of Penicillium thomii Q1 Strain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2368245. [PMID: 32420330 PMCID: PMC7201467 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2368245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element, which has certain antioxidant properties. Na2SeO3 is toxic, and its use is limited. SeMet, as an organic selenium, is less toxic than Na2SeO3. In this experiment, different concentrations of Na2SeO3 and SeMet were added to MEA and PDA media to observe the effect of selenium on the sclerotium differentiation of Q1 strain, and the contents of carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and total phenol and their reducing power, DPPH free radical scavenging ability, ferrous ion chelating ability, and superoxide anion scavenging ability were determined. Meanwhile, the orthogonal design was used to optimize the selenium enrichment culture conditions of Q1. The results showed that the addition of selenium in the PDA medium was not conducive to the differentiation of Q1 strain. The addition of inorganic and organic selenium in the MEA medium at different concentrations resulted in the accumulation of carotenoids, ascorbic acid, phenols, and selenium in the sclerotia of Q1 strain, and the contents of carotenoids, ascorbic acids, and selenium in the sclerotia of Q1 strain were increased to different degrees, but it cannot increase the content of total phenol. In addition, when the concentration of Na2SeO3 and SeMet in the medium was 10 μg/mL, the reducing power of the extract was improved. The experimental results can provide a new research idea for the utilization and development of Penicillium sclerotium and selenium.
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Gmoser R, Ferreira JA, Lennartsson PR, Taherzadeh MJ. Filamentous ascomycetes fungi as a source of natural pigments. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2017; 4:4. [PMID: 28955473 PMCID: PMC5611665 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-017-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi, including the ascomycetes Monascus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Neurospora, are being explored as novel sources of natural pigments with biological functionality for food, feed and cosmetic applications. Such edible fungi can be used in biorefineries for the production of ethanol, animal feed and pigments from waste sources. The present review gathers insights on fungal pigment production covering biosynthetic pathways and stimulatory factors (oxidative stress, light, pH, nitrogen and carbon sources, temperature, co-factors, surfactants, oxygen, tricarboxylic acid intermediates and morphology) in addition to pigment extraction, analysis and identification methods. Pigmentation is commonly regarded as the output of secondary protective mechanisms against oxidative stress and light. Although several studies have examined pigmentation in Monascus spp., research gaps exist in the investigation of interactions among factors as well as process development on larger scales under submerged and solid-state fermentation. Currently, research on pigmentation in Neurospora spp. is at its infancy, but the increasing interest for biorefineries shows potential for booming research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gmoser
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden.,University of Borås, Allégatan 1, 503 32 Borås, Sweden
| | - Jorge A Ferreira
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
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Urista CM, Rodríguez JG, Corona AA, Cuenca AA, Jurado AT. Pigments from fungi, an opportunity of production for diverse applications. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Oxalic acid and sclerotial differentiation of Polyporus umbellatus. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10759. [PMID: 26030006 PMCID: PMC5377064 DOI: 10.1038/srep10759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to uncover the effects of exogenous oxalic acid during the sclerotial formation of Polyporus umbellatus, with an emphasis on determining the content of the endogenic oxalic acid in the fungus. To this end, the oxalic acid content of the vegetative mycelia, sclerotia, culture mediums and sclerotial exudate were measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the lipid peroxidation was estimated by detecting thiobarbituric bituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The results showed that the exogenous oxalic acid caused a delay in sclerotial differentiation (of up to 9 or more days), suppressed the sclerotial biomass and decreased the lipid peroxidation significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. Oxalic acid was found at very low levels in the mycelia and the maltose medium, whereas it was found at high levels in the mycelia and sucrose medium. After sclerotial differentiation, oxalic acid accumulated at high levels in both the sclerotia and the sclerotial exudate. Oxalic acid was therefore found to inhibit P. umbellatus sclerotial formation.
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Zhao W, Han J, Long D. Effect of copper−induced oxidative stress on sclerotial differentiation, endogenous antioxidant contents, and antioxidative enzyme activities of Penicillium thomii PT95. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Zhang ZQ, Zhao WJ, Long DD, Niu LR, Han JR. Effect of copper-induced oxidative stress on sclerotial differentiation and antioxidant properties of Penicillium thomii PT95 strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:1519-25. [PMID: 24307499 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium thomii PT95 strain was able to form abundant orange, sand-shaped sclerotia in which carotenoids were accumulated. The aim of this work was to determine the effects of copper-induced oxidative stress on the sclerotial differentiation and antioxidant properties of PT95 strain. The results showed that the time of exudates initiation, sclerotial initiation and sclerotial maturation of PT95 strain were advanced in 1-2 days under the copper-induced oxidative stress growth conditions. The analytical results of sclerotial biomass, carotenoids content in sclerotia showed that copper-induced oxidative stress favored the sclerotial differentiation and biosynthesis of carotenoids. Under the copper-induced oxidative stress growth conditions, the total phenolics content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of sclerotia of this fungus were decreased as compared with the control. However, the oxidative stress induced by a lower amount of CuSO₄ in media could enhance significantly the reducing power of sclerotia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Qing Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Zhao WJ, An CH, Long DD, Zhang ZQ, Han JR. Effect of copper-induced oxidative stress on sclerotial differentiation and antioxidants contents ofPenicillium thomiiQ1. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:1395-402. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhao
- School of Life Science; Shanxi University; Taiyuan P. R. China
- Taiyuan Normal University; Taiyuan P. R. China
| | - Cui-Hong An
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province; Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Long
- School of Life Science; Shanxi University; Taiyuan P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Qing Zhang
- School of Life Science; Shanxi University; Taiyuan P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Han
- School of Life Science; Shanxi University; Taiyuan P. R. China
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Zhao WJ, An CH, Han JR. Wet-plate culture studies of Penicillium sp. PT95 and Q1 for mass production of sclerotia. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:327-32. [PMID: 23553829 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium sp. PT95 and Q1 strains were able to form abundant orange, sand-shaped sclerotia in which carotenoids were accumulated. To determine the potential availability of the wet-plate method for mass production of sclerotia, nine kinds of liquid media were used culture the PT95 and Q1 strains. The results of the wet-plate culture showed that on 25% glycerol nitrate broth medium, the growth of both strains was relatively slow, and no sclerotia were found. Q1 strain cultured on Czapek's yeast extract broth medium could not form sclerotia. On other media, both strains could form sclerotia. For PT95 strain, the highest sclerotial biomass (380 mg plate(-1) ) and carotenoids yield (20.88 µg plate(-1) ) could be obtained on Czapek's yeast extract broth and Georgiou's liquid medium, respectively. For Q1 strain, malt extract broth medium gave the highest sclerotial biomass (340 mg plate(-1) ) and omitting iron Joham's liquid medium gave the highest carotenoids yield (18.29 µg plate(-1) ). The results from this study suggest the potential usage of wet-plate method in the mass production of sclerotia of the PT95 and Q1 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, China
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A pH control strategy for increased β-carotene production during batch fermentation by recombinant industrial wine yeast. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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A new method to induce sclerotial differentiation in Polyporus umbellatus by split-plate culture. Mycol Prog 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-011-0802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Vlasova EA, Hessenauer-Ilicheva N, Salnikov DS, Kudrik EV, Makarov SV, van Eldik R. Kinetics and mechanism of the Co(II)-assisted oxidation of l-ascorbic acid by dioxygen and nitrite in aqueous solution. Dalton Trans 2009:10541-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b906478h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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