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Lee HY, Nazmul T, Lan J, Oyoshi MK. Maternal influences on offspring food allergy. Immunol Rev 2024; 326:130-150. [PMID: 39275992 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergies has been globally escalating. While allergies could appear at any age, they often develop in early life. However, the significant knowledge gap in the field is the mechanisms by which allergies affect certain people but not others. Investigating early factors and events in neonatal life that have a lasting impact on determining the susceptibilities of children to develop allergies is a significant area of the investigation as it promotes the understanding of neonatal immune system that mediates tolerance versus allergies. This review focuses on the research over the recent 10 years regarding the potential maternal factors that influence offspring allergies with a view to food allergy, a potentially life-threatening cause of anaphylaxis. The role of breast milk, maternal diet, maternal antibodies, and microbiota that have been suggested as key maternal factors regulating offspring allergies are discussed here. We also suggest future research area to expand our knowledge of maternal-offspring interactions on the pathogenesis of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Yeong Lee
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tanuza Nazmul
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michiko K Oyoshi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Vijayan S, Kandi V, Palacholla PS, Rajendran R, Jarugu C, Ca J, Pravallika M, Reddy SC, Sucharitha AS. Probiotics in Allergy and Immunological Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55817. [PMID: 38590477 PMCID: PMC10999892 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergy and immunological disorders like autoimmune diseases are vastly prevalent worldwide. These conditions account for a substantial amount of personal and social burden. Such illnesses have lengthy, uncertain, and spotted courses with unpredictable exacerbations. A definite tendency for improving the overall quality of life of individuals suffering from such diseases is crucial to tackling these diseases, especially through diet or lifestyle modification. Further, interventions like microbiome-based therapeutics such as prebiotics or probiotics were explored. Changes in the microbial population were evident during the flare-up of autoimmune and allergic conditions. The realization that the human microbiome is a central player in immunological diseases is a hallmark of its potential usefulness in therapy for such illnesses. This review focuses on the intricate symphony in the orchestra of the human microbiome and the immune system. New therapeutic strategies involving probiotics appear to be the future of personalized medicine. Through this review, we explore the narrative of probiotics and reaffirm their use as therapeutic and preventive agents in immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Vijayan
- Pediatrics, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata (CV) Raman General Hospital, Bangalore, IND
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Pratyusha S Palacholla
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | | | - Chandrasagar Jarugu
- General Practice, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Jayashankar Ca
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Mundla Pravallika
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Shruthi C Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Atul S Sucharitha
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
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3
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Świrkosz G, Szczygieł A, Logoń K, Wrześniewska M, Gomułka K. The Role of the Microbiome in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis-A Literature Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3144. [PMID: 38137365 PMCID: PMC10740415 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the colon and rectum. UC's pathogenesis involves colonic epithelial cell abnormalities and mucosal barrier dysfunction, leading to recurrent mucosal inflammation. The purpose of the article is to show the complex interplay between ulcerative colitis and the microbiome. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. After a screening process of studies published before October 2023, a total of 136 articles were selected. It has been discovered that there is a fundamental correlation of a robust intestinal microbiota and the preservation of gastrointestinal health. Dysbiosis poses a grave risk to the host organism. It renders the host susceptible to infections and has been linked to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, with particular relevance to conditions such as ulcerative colitis. Current therapeutic strategies for UC involve medications such as aminosalicylic acids, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive agents, although recent breakthroughs in monoclonal antibody therapies have significantly improved UC treatment. Furthermore, modulating the gut microbiome with specific compounds and probiotics holds potential for inflammation reduction, while fecal microbiota transplantation shows promise for alleviating UC symptoms. This review provides an overview of the gut microbiome's role in UC pathogenesis and treatment, emphasizing areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Świrkosz
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (G.Ś.); (K.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Szczygieł
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (G.Ś.); (K.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Logoń
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (G.Ś.); (K.L.)
| | - Martyna Wrześniewska
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland; (G.Ś.); (K.L.)
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland;
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4
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Singh P, Al Mohannadi N, Murugesan S, Almarzooqi F, Kabeer BSA, Marr AK, Kino T, Brummaier T, Terranegra A, McGready R, Nosten F, Chaussabel D, Al Khodor S. Unveiling the dynamics of the breast milk microbiome: impact of lactation stage and gestational age. J Transl Med 2023; 21:784. [PMID: 37932773 PMCID: PMC10629158 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk (BM) provides complete nutrition for infants for the first six months of life and is essential for the development of the newborn's immature immune and digestive systems. While BM was conventionally believed to be sterile, recent advanced high throughput technologies have unveiled the presence of diverse microbial communities in BM. These insights into the BM microbiota have mainly originated from uncomplicated pregnancies, possibly not reflecting the circumstances of mothers with pregnancy complications like preterm birth (PTB). METHODS In this article, we investigated the BM microbial communities in mothers with preterm deliveries (before 37 weeks of gestation). We compared these samples with BM samples from healthy term pregnancies across different lactation stages (colostrum, transitional and mature milk) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that the microbial communities became increasingly diverse and compositionally distinct as the BM matured. Specifically, mature BM samples were significantly enriched in Veillonella and lactobacillus (Kruskal Wallis; p < 0.001) compared to colostrum. The comparison of term and preterm BM samples showed that the community structure was significantly different between the two groups (Bray Curtis and unweighted unifrac dissimilarity; p < 0.001). Preterm BM samples exhibited increased species richness with significantly higher abundance of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Propionibacterium acnes, unclassified Corynebacterium species. Whereas term samples were enriched in Staphylococcus epidermidis, unclassified OD1, and unclassified Veillonella among others. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the significant influence of pregnancy-related complications, such as preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation), on the composition and diversity of BM microbiota. Given the established significance of the maternal microbiome in shaping child health outcomes, this investigation paves the way for identifying modifiable factors that could optimize the composition of BM microbiota, thereby promoting maternal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Singh
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tobias Brummaier
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | | | - Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - François Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- The Jackson Laboratories, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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5
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Wei M, Gao Q, Liu J, Yang Y, Yang J, Fan J, Lv S, Yang S. Development programming: Stress during gestation alters offspring development in sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1497-1511. [PMID: 37697713 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate management practices of domestic animals during pregnancy can be potential stressors, resulting in complex behavioural, physiological and neurological consequences in the developing offspring. Some of these consequences can last into adulthood or propagate to subsequent generations. We systematically summarized the results of different experimental patterns using artificially increased maternal glucocorticoid levels or prenatal maternal physiological stress paradigms, mediators between prenatal maternal stress (PMS) and programming effects in the offspring and the effects of PMS on offspring phenotypes in sheep. PMS can impair birthweight, regulate the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, modify behavioural patterns and cognitive abilities and alter gene expression and brain morphology in offspring. Further research should focus on the effects of programming on gene expression, immune function, gut microbiome, sex-specific effects and maternal behaviour of offspring, especially comparative studies of gestational periods when PMS is applied, continual studies of programming effects on offspring and treatment strategies that effectively reverse the detrimental programming effects of prenatal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingji Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Qian Gao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linyi, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Jingchang Fan
- Jiaxiang County Sheep Breeding Farm, Jiaxiang, China
| | - Shenjin Lv
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Scialò F, Vitale M, D'Agnano V, Mariniello DF, Perrotta F, Castaldo A, Campbell SFM, Pastore L, Cazzola M, Bianco A. Lung Microbiome as a Treatable Trait in Chronic Respiratory Disorders. Lung 2023; 201:455-466. [PMID: 37752217 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Once thought to be a sterile environment, it is now established that lungs are populated by various microorganisms that participate in maintaining lung function and play an important role in shaping lung immune surveillance. Although our comprehension of the molecular and metabolic interactions between microbes and lung cells is still in its infancy, any event causing a persistent qualitative or quantitative variation in the composition of lung microbiome, termed "dysbiosis", has been virtually associated with many respiratory diseases. A deep understanding of the composition and function of the "healthy" lung microbiota and how dysbiosis can cause or participate in disease progression will be pivotal in finding specific therapies aimed at preventing diseases and restoring lung function. Here, we review lung microbiome dysbiosis in different lung pathologies and the mechanisms by which these bacteria can cause or contribute to the severity of the disease. Furthermore, we describe how different respiratory disorders can be caused by the same pathogen, and that the real pathogenetic mechanism is not only dependent by the presence and amount of the main pathogen but can be shaped by the interaction it can build with other bacteria, fungi, and viruses present in the lung. Understanding the nature of this bacteria crosstalk could further our understanding of each respiratory disease leading to the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Scialò
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vitale
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Vito D'Agnano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alice Castaldo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan F M Campbell
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate-Franco Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
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Odom AR, McClintock J, Gill CJ, Pieciak R, Ismail A, MacLeod WB, Johnson WE, Lapidot R. Analysis of nasopharyngeal microbiome patterns in Zambian infants with fatal acute febrile illness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559805. [PMID: 37808661 PMCID: PMC10557644 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Associative connections have previously been identified between nasopharyngeal infections and infant mortality. The nasopharyngeal microbiome may potentially influence the severity of these infections. Methods We conducted an analysis of a longitudinal prospective cohort study of 1,981 infants who underwent nasopharyngeal sampling from 1 week through 14 weeks of age at 2-3-week intervals. In all, 27 microbiome samples from 9 of the infants in the cohort who developed fatal acute febrile illness (fAFI) were analyzed in pooled comparisons with 69 samples from 10 healthy comparator infants. We completed 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing all infant NP samples and characterized the maturation of the infant NP microbiome among the fAFI(+) and fAFI(-) infant cohorts. Results Beta diversity measures of fAFI(-) infants were markedly higher than those of fAFI(+) infants. The fAFI(+) infant NP microbiome was marked by higher abundances of Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Leuconostoc, and Weissella, with low relative presence of Alkalibacterium, Dolosigranulum, Moraxella, and Streptococcus. Conclusions Our results suggest that nasopharyngeal microbiome dysbiosis precedes fAFI in young infants. Early dysbiosis, involving microbes such as Escherichia, may play a role in the causal pathway leading to fAFI or could be a marker of other pathogenic forces that directly lead to fAFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey R. Odom
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jessica McClintock
- Division of Infectious Disease, Center for Data Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Christopher J. Gill
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rachel Pieciak
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Arshad Ismail
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 2131 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - William B. MacLeod
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - W. Evan Johnson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Center for Data Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Rotem Lapidot
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Anthoulaki X, Oikonomou E, Bothou A, Papanikolopoulou S, Nikolettos K, Damaskos C, Garbis N, Kyriakou D, Nalbanti T, Iatrakis G, Nikolettos N, Tsikouras P. Comparison of Gut Microbiome in Neonates Born by Caesarean Section and Vaginal Seeding with Gut Microbiomes of Neonates Born by Caesarean Section Without Vaginal Seeding and Neonates Born by Vaginal Delivery. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:234-243. [PMID: 37795168 PMCID: PMC10545928 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.234-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is an admirable biological process, resulting in significant changes in many of the body's normal systems so that they can support the development of the fetus. These changes involve hormonal changes, weight gain, immune system regulation, and others that need to be synchronized to maintain both maternal and fetal health. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare gut microbiome in neonates born by caesarean section and vaginal seeding with gut microbiomes of neonates born by caesarean section without vaginal seeding and neonates born by vaginal delivery. Methods In Democritus University of Thrace, from 2019 to 2022, gut microbiomes were compared for three groups of neonates. Group A included 110 neonates born by CS who underwent vaginal seeding, group B included 85 neonates born by CS without vaginal seeding and group C included 95 neonates born by vaginal delivery. Results Vaginal seeding in neonates born with CS resulted in gut microbiome which was similar to the gut microbiome of neonates born by vaginal delivery (including lactobacillus species and bacteroides). On the contrary, gut microbiome of neonates born by CS without vaginal seeding was "limited". Conclusion According to our findings, vaginal seeding alters the gut microbiome of the neonates born with CS. However, there is a need for further investigation to prove its efficacy and its safety for the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthi Anthoulaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - Efthimios Oikonomou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - Anastasia Bothou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | | | | | - Christos Damaskos
- Nikolaos Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece and Renal Transplantation Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garbis
- Nikolaos Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kyriakou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Iatrakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nikolettos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsikouras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
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Chen JF, Ou-Yang MC, Hsia KC, Li CM, Yeh YT, Ho HH. A Three-Arm, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety of Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 and Bifidobacterium animalis CP-9 Used Individually in Healthy Infants. Nutrients 2023; 15:3426. [PMID: 37571365 PMCID: PMC10421338 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are considered safe and beneficial to human health. However, the safety of Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32 and Bifidobacterium animalis CP-9 in infants has not been confirmed. This study was to assess the safety of long-term oral administration of L. salivarius AP-32 and B. animalis CP-9 in healthy infants compared with placebo. A three-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in healthy, full-term infants. Eighty-eight infants between 7 days and 2 months (60 ± 7 days) of age were selected and randomized to treatment with L. salivarius AP-32, B. animalis CP-9 or placebo for 4 months. The unblinding indicated subjects were randomized to receive B. animalis CP-9 (N = 28), L. salivarius AP-32 (N = 29), or placebo (N = 31). A total of 76 infants completed the 4-month treatment with fully compliance. The primary outcome was weight gain, with no significant difference in infant weight at 4 months when comparing AP-32 or CP-9 group with the placebo group, either. The head circumference and recumbent length of the CP-9 group were not significantly different from those of the placebo group. The recumbent length of the AP-32 group was slightly lower than that in the placebo group at month 4, but there was no difference between the two groups in head circumference. Overall, the growth trend of all treatments was similar without significant difference. Furthermore, there were no apparent differences between each group in digestive tolerance, the occurrence of adverse events, crying/fussing time and episodes, alpha diversity, and beta diversity. The CP-9 group showed a significant increase in the abundance of the Bacteroides genus, while the AP-32 group demonstrated a significant increase in the abundance of the Lactobacillus genus when comparing the two probiotic groups. Our study findings indicate that the oral administration of both AP-32 and CP-9 strains has a positive impact on the maintenance of a healthy gut flora in infants. Long-term use of L. salivarius AP-32 or B. animalis CP-9 is safe for infants from 7 days to 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Fen Chen
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (C.-M.L.)
| | - Mei-Chen Ou-Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Ko-Chiang Hsia
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (C.-M.L.)
| | | | - Ching-Min Li
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (C.-M.L.)
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Hsun Ho
- Department of Research and Design, Glac Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan 744, Taiwan; (J.-F.C.); (K.-C.H.); (C.-M.L.)
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10
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Rahman T, Sarwar PF, Potter C, Comstock SS, Klepac-Ceraj V. Role of human milk oligosaccharide metabolizing bacteria in the development of atopic dermatitis/eczema. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1090048. [PMID: 37020647 PMCID: PMC10069630 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1090048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite affecting up to 20% of infants in the United States, there is no cure for atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema. Atopy usually manifests during the first six months of an infant's life and is one predictor of later allergic health problems. A diet of human milk may offer protection against developing atopic dermatitis. One milk component, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), plays an important role as a prebiotic in establishing the infant gut microbiome and has immunomodulatory effects on the infant immune system. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available information about bacterial members of the intestinal microbiota capable of metabolizing HMOs, the bacterial genes or metabolic products present in the intestinal tract during early life, and the relationship of these genes and metabolic products to the development of AD/eczema in infants. We find that specific HMO metabolism gene sets and the metabolites produced by HMO metabolizing bacteria may enable the protective role of human milk against the development of atopy because of interactions with the immune system. We also identify areas for additional research to further elucidate the relationship between the human milk metabolizing bacteria and atopy. Detailed metagenomic studies of the infant gut microbiota and its associated metabolomes are essential for characterizing the potential impact of human milk-feeding on the development of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Prioty F. Sarwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Cassie Potter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
| | - Sarah S. Comstock
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Vanja Klepac-Ceraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, United States
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11
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Valverde-Molina J, García-Marcos L. Microbiome and Asthma: Microbial Dysbiosis and the Origins, Phenotypes, Persistence, and Severity of Asthma. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030486. [PMID: 36771193 PMCID: PMC9921812 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the microbiome, and of the gut-lung axis in the origin and persistence of asthma, is an ongoing field of investigation. The process of microbial colonisation in the first three years of life is fundamental for health, with the first hundred days of life being critical. Different factors are associated with early microbial dysbiosis, such as caesarean delivery, artificial lactation and antibiotic therapy, among others. Longitudinal cohort studies on gut and airway microbiome in children have found an association between microbial dysbiosis and asthma at later ages of life. A low α-diversity and relative abundance of certain commensal gut bacterial genera in the first year of life are associated with the development of asthma. Gut microbial dysbiosis, with a lower abundance of Phylum Firmicutes, could be related with increased risk of asthma. Upper airway microbial dysbiosis, especially early colonisation by Moraxella spp., is associated with recurrent viral infections and the development of asthma. Moreover, the bacteria in the respiratory system produce metabolites that may modify the inception of asthma and is progression. The role of the lung microbiome in asthma development has yet to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, the most consistent finding in studies on lung microbiome is the increased bacterial load and the predominance of proteobacteria, especially Haemophilus spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis. In this review we shall update the knowledge on the association between microbial dysbiosis and the origins of asthma, as well as its persistence, phenotypes, and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Valverde-Molina
- Department of Paediatrics, Santa Lucía General University Hospital, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Luis García-Marcos
- Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children’s Hospital, University of Murcia and IMIB Biomedical Research Institute, 20120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhao J, Lu W, Huang S, Le Maho Y, Habold C, Zhang Z. Impacts of Dietary Protein and Niacin Deficiency on Reproduction Performance, Body Growth, and Gut Microbiota of Female Hamsters (Tscherskia triton) and Their Offspring. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0015722. [PMID: 36318010 PMCID: PMC9784777 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00157-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Food resources are vital for animals to survive, and gut microbiota play an essential role in transferring nutritional materials into functional metabolites for hosts. Although the fact that diet affects host microbiota is well known, its impacts on offspring remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the effects of low-protein and niacin-deficient diets on reproduction performance, body growth, and gut microbiota of greater long-tailed hamsters (Tscherskia triton) under laboratory conditions. We found that maternal low-protein diet (not niacin deficiency) had a significant negative effect on reproduction performance of female hamsters (longer mating latency with males and smaller litter size) and body growth (lower body weight) of both female hamsters and their offspring. Both protein- and niacin-deficient diets showed significant maternal effects on the microbial community in the offspring. A maternal low-protein diet (not niacin deficiency) significantly reduced the abundance of major bacterial taxa producing short-chain fatty acids, increased the abundance of probiotic taxa, and altered microbial function in the offspring. The negative effects of maternal nutritional deficiency on gut microbiota are more pronounced in the protein group than the niacin group and in offspring more than in female hamsters. Our results suggest that a low-protein diet could alter gut microbiota in animals, which may result in negative impacts on their fitness. It is necessary to conduct further analysis to reveal the roles of nutrition, as well as its interaction with gut microbes, in affecting fitness of greater long-tailed hamsters under field conditions. IMPORTANCE Gut microbes are known to be essential for hosts to digest food and absorb nutrients. Currently, it is still unclear how maternal nutrient deficiency affects the fitness of animals by its effect on gut microbes. Here, we evaluated the effects of protein- and niacin-deficient diets on mating behavior, reproduction, body growth, and gut microbiota of both mothers and offspring of the greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton) under laboratory conditions. We found that a low-protein diet significantly reduced maternal reproduction performance and body growth of both mothers and their offspring. Both protein and niacin deficiencies showed significant maternal effects on the microbial community of the offspring. Our results hint that nutritional deficiency may be a potential factor in causing the observed sustained population decline of the greater long-tailed hamsters due to intensified monoculture in the North China Plain, and this needs further field investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Security, Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yvon Le Maho
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
- Scientific Centre of Monaco, Monaco Principality, Monaco
| | - Caroline Habold
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Du Y, Qiu Q, Cheng J, Huang Z, Xie R, Wang L, Wang X, Han Z, Jin G. Comparative study on the microbiota of colostrum and nipple skin from lactating mothers separated from their newborn at birth in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932495. [PMID: 36262322 PMCID: PMC9574262 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies have found breast milk (BM) contains its own microbiota. However, the route through which microbes enter the BM is still unclear. In order to verify the entero-mammary pathway of BM, we designed a rigorous study that prevented oral bacteria from contaminating the breast and nipple skin (NS) during baby nursing. Thirty-one healthy, postpartum mothers living in southern China who were immediately separated from their newborn after delivery were enrolled in this study. Using an aseptic protocol for sampling, sterile water was used to wash the NS and was then collected. Then the first drop of BM was discarded and colostrum was collected manually. Amplicon sequencing was performed targeting the V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, and the differences between the microbiota of the colostrum and NS were analyzed. Additionally, the effects of environmental factors, such as the delivery mode and intrapartum antibiotic exposure, on the diversity of the colostrum microbiota were also analyzed. We found significant differences in the α diversity and richness between the BM and NS as evidenced by richness, Chao1, and Simpson indices. There were 170 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared by colostrum and NS, while 111 and 87 OTUs were unique, respectively, as well as a clear distinction in OTUs was observed by unifrac binary analysis between them. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis found that anaerobes, such as Bifidobacterium and Pantoea at the genus level and enterobacteria including Enterobacteriaceae at the family level, were predominant in the colostrum, while the predominant bacteria on the NS were Bacteroides, Staphylococcus, and Parabacteroides at the genus level. BM is colonized by bacteria prior to baby suckling, and the diversity of the colostrum microbiota differs from that of the NS. The predominant microbiota taxa in BM indicated that they were likely to be transferred to the breast through the intestinal tract. Our study provides direct evidence for the revolutionary active migration hypothesis. Additionally, factors like intrapartum antibiotic exposure did not significantly affect the diversity of the microbiota in the BM. Therefore, it is suggested that mothers continue to provide BM for their newborns during separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Du
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Qiu
- Department of Women Health Care, Shenzhen Luohu Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhili Huang
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruixia Xie
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Delivery Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Xiangyu Wang,
| | - Zongli Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zongli Han,
| | - Gang Jin
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
- Gang Jin,
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14
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DAİF A, ZER Y, ERİNMEZ M. Lactobacillus Species in Breast Milk: Do They Get Affected by Birth Style? CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.915721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective; Breast milk has an important function in the formation of the intestinal flora. Cesarean section bypasses the vertical transition of vaginal flora to the baby also usually causes the late start of lactation. The difference is in birth style and lactation period may affect the microbiota of breast milk. In this study, it was aimed to investigate how Lactobacillus species found in breast milk differ by the birth style and stages of milk.
Methods; Milk samples were taken from 72 mothers who had a vaginal birth (n:36) and cesarean (n:36) were divided into three groups as colostrum (n:12), early milk (n:12), and mature milk (n:12). Lactobacillus species were investigated from milk samples by real-time PCR.
Results: While Lactobacillus was detected in 70 (97.2%) of the samples, it was not detected in 2 (2.8%) of the samples taken from women with cesarean delivery. L. acidophilus and L. rhamnosus were detected simultaneously in all transitional milk samples of women who had a vaginal birth, and 82 Lactobacillus species were detected. The species identified were 33(39.3%) L. rhamnosus, 25(29.8%) Lactobacillus spp., and 24(28.6%) L. acidophilus. The rate of detection of L. acidophilus in milk samples taken from women who gave birth was found to be significantly higher than that found in milk samples taken from women who gave birth by cesarean section (p <0.05).
Conlusion: Breast milk is not only a nutritional source but an important source of probiotics. Lactobacilli were found to be concentrated in breast milk. Also, Lactobacillus species detected in breast milk may differ according to the mode of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya DAİF
- Gaziantep University School of Medicine Medical Microbiology
| | - Yasemin ZER
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine Medical Microbiology
| | - Mehmet ERİNMEZ
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine Medical Microbiology
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15
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Yuan L, Zhang X, Luo B, Li X, Tian F, Yan W, Ni Y. Ethnic Specificity of Species and Strain Composition of Lactobacillus Populations From Mother–Infant Pairs, Uncovered by Multilocus Sequence Typing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:814284. [PMID: 35387090 PMCID: PMC8979337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.814284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal gut is thought to be the principal source of potential probiotic bacteria in the infant gut during the lactation stage. It is not clear whether facultative symbiont lactobacilli strictly follow vertical transmission from mother to infant and display the ethnic specificity in terms of species and strain composition in mother–infant cohorts. In the present study, a total of 16 former Lactobacillus species (365 strains) and 11 species (280 strains) were retrieved from 31 healthy mother–infant pairs of two ethnic groups, which have never intermarried, respectively. The result showed that the composition and number of Lactobacillus species between the two ethnic groups varied. Among 106 Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strains isolated, 64 representative strains were classified into 27 sequence types (ST) by means of multilocus sequence typing (MLST), of which 20 STs derived from 33 Uighur strains and 7 STs from 31 Li strains, and no homologous recombination event of genes was detected between strains of different ethnic groups. A go-EBURST analysis revealed that except for a few mother–infant pairs in which more than one STs were detected, L. paracasei isolates from the same mother–infant pair were found to be monophyletic in most cases, confirming vertical transfer of Lactobacillus at the strain level. More notably, L. paracasei isolates from the same ethnic group were more likely than strains from another to be incorporated into a specific phylogenetic clade or clonal complex (CC) with similar metabolic profile of glycan, supporting the hypothesis of ethnic specificity to a large degree. Our study provides evidence for the development of personalized probiotic tailored to very homogenous localized populations from the perspective of maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xueling Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Baolong Luo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenli Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Wenli Yan,
| | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Yongqing Ni,
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16
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Cabrera SM, Coren AT, Pant T, Ciecko AE, Jia S, Roethle MF, Simpson PM, Atkinson SN, Salzman NH, Chen YG, Hessner MJ. Probiotic normalization of systemic inflammation in siblings of type 1 diabetes patients: an open-label pilot study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3306. [PMID: 35228584 PMCID: PMC8885673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has increased, coinciding with lifestyle changes that have likely altered the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis, gut barrier dysfunction, and elevated systemic inflammation consistent with microbial antigen exposure, have been associated with T1D susceptibility and progression. A 6-week, single-arm, open-label pilot trial was conducted to investigate whether daily multi-strain probiotic supplementation could reduce this familial inflammation in 25 unaffected siblings of T1D patients. Probiotic supplementation was well-tolerated as reflected by high participant adherence and no adverse events. Community alpha and beta diversity were not altered between the pre- and post-supplement stool samplings. However, LEfSe analyses identified post-supplement enrichment of the family Lachnospiraceae, producers of the anti-inflammatory short chain fatty acid butyrate. Systemic inflammation was measured by plasma-induced transcription and quantified with a gene ontology-based composite inflammatory index (I.I.com). Post-supplement I.I.com was significantly reduced and pathway analysis predicted inhibition of numerous inflammatory mediators and activation of IL10RA. Subjects with the greatest post-supplement reduction in I.I.com exhibited significantly lower CD4+ CD45RO+ (memory):CD4+ CD45RA+ (naïve) T-cell ratios after supplementation. Post-supplement IL-12p40, IL-13, IL-15, IL-18, CCL2, and CCL24 plasma levels were significantly reduced, while post-supplement butyrate levels trended 1.4-fold higher. Probiotic supplementation may modify T1D susceptibility and progression and warrants further study.
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17
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Blum J, Silva M, Byrne SJ, Butler CA, Adams GG, Reynolds EC, Dashper SG. Temporal development of the infant oral microbiome. Crit Rev Microbiol 2022; 48:730-742. [PMID: 35015598 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.2025042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human oral microbiome is becoming recognized as playing roles in health and disease well beyond the oral cavity over the lifetime of the individual. The oral microbiome is hypothesized to result from specific colonization events followed by a reproducible and ordered development of complex bacterial communities. Colonization events, proliferation, succession and subsequent community development are dependent on a range of host and environmental factors, most notably the neonate diet. It is now becoming apparent that early childhood and prenatal influences can have long term effects on the development of human oral microbiomes. In this review, the temporal development of the infant human oral microbiome is examined, with the effects of prenatal and postnatal influences and the roles of specific bacteria. Dietary and environmental factors, especially breastfeeding, have a significant influence on the development of the infant oral microbiome. The evidence available regarding the roles and functions of early colonizing bacteria is still limited, and gaps in knowledge where further research is needed to elucidate these specific roles in relation to health and disease still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Blum
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Mihiri Silva
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Samantha J Byrne
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Catherine A Butler
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Geoffrey G Adams
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Stuart G Dashper
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
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18
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Core fucosylation of maternal milk N-glycan prevents intestinal inflammation by regulating Treg/Th17 balance in infant gut microbiota. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Rendina DN, Lubach GR, Lyte M, Phillips GJ, Gosain A, Pierre JF, Vlasova RM, Styner MA, Coe CL. Proteobacteria abundance during nursing predicts physical growth and brain volume at one year of age in young rhesus monkeys. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21682. [PMID: 34042210 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002162r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, multiple studies have highlighted the essential role of gut microbiota in normal infant development. However, the sensitive periods during which gut bacteria are established and become associated with physical growth and maturation of the brain are still poorly defined. This study tracked the assembly of the intestinal microbiota during the initial nursing period, and changes in community structure after transitioning to solid food in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Anthropometric measures and rectal swabs were obtained at 2-month intervals across the first year of life and bacterial taxa identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At 12 months of age, total brain and cortical regions volumes were quantified through structural magnetic resonance imaging. The bacterial community structure was dynamic and characterized by discrete maturational phases, reflecting an early influence of breast milk and the later transition to solid foods. Commensal microbial taxa varied with diet similar to findings in other animals and human infants; however, monkeys differ in the relative abundances of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, two taxa predominant in breastfed human infants. Higher abundances of taxa in the phylum Proteobacteria during nursing were predictive of slower growth trajectories and smaller brain volumes at one year of age. Our findings define discrete phases of microbial succession in infant monkeys and suggest there may be a critical period during nursing when endogenous differences in certain taxa can shift the community structure and influence the pace of physical growth and the maturational trajectory of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N Rendina
- Harlow Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gregory J Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Roza M Vlasova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin A Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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20
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Berry ASF, Pierdon MK, Misic AM, Sullivan MC, O’Brien K, Chen Y, Murray SJ, Ramharack LA, Baldassano RN, Parsons TD, Beiting DP. Remodeling of the maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy is shaped by parity. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:146. [PMID: 34176489 PMCID: PMC8237508 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maternal microbiome has emerged as an important factor in gestational health and outcome and is associated with risk of preterm birth and offspring morbidity. Epidemiological evidence also points to successive pregnancies-referred to as maternal parity-as a risk factor for preterm birth, infant mortality, and impaired neonatal growth. Despite the fact that both the maternal microbiome and parity are linked to maternal-infant health, the impact of parity on the microbiome remains largely unexplored, in part due to the challenges of studying parity in humans. RESULTS Using synchronized pregnancies and dense longitudinal monitoring of the microbiome in pigs, we describe a microbiome trajectory during pregnancy and determine the extent to which parity modulates this trajectory. We show that the microbiome changes reproducibly during gestation and that this remodeling occurs more rapidly as parity increases. At the time of parturition, parity was linked to the relative abundance of several bacterial species, including Treponema bryantii, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Lactobacillus reuteri. Strain tracking carried out in 18 maternal-offspring "quadrads"-each consisting of one mother sow and three piglets-linked maternal parity to altered levels of Akkermansia muciniphila, Prevotella stercorea, and Campylobacter coli in the infant gut 10 days after birth. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results identify parity as an important environmental factor that modulates the gut microbiome during pregnancy and highlight the utility of a swine model for investigating the microbiome in maternal-infant health. In addition, our data show that the impact of parity extends beyond the mother and is associated with alterations in the community of bacteria that colonize the offspring gut early in life. The bacterial species we identified as parity-associated in the mother and offspring have been shown to influence host metabolism in other systems, raising the possibility that such changes may influence host nutrient acquisition or utilization. These findings, taken together with our observation that even subtle differences in parity are associated with microbiome changes, underscore the importance of considering parity in the design and analysis of human microbiome studies during pregnancy and in infants. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. F. Berry
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Meghann K. Pierdon
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ana M. Misic
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Megan C. Sullivan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Kevin O’Brien
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Samuel J. Murray
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Lydia A. Ramharack
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Robert N. Baldassano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Thomas D. Parsons
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Daniel P. Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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21
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Yan W, Luo B, Zhang X, Ni Y, Tian F. Association and Occurrence of Bifidobacterial Phylotypes Between Breast Milk and Fecal Microbiomes in Mother-Infant Dyads During the First 2 Years of Life. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:669442. [PMID: 34163448 PMCID: PMC8215152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.669442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk acts as an intermediary for the transfer of functionally important commensal bacteria from mother to infant, especially for Bifidobacterium that can colonize the infant gut. However, the vast majority of rRNA amplicon-based studies reported the conspicuous intercohort and interindividual variation for the prevalence of Bifidobacterium in breast milk. In order to elucidate whether Bifidobacterium phylotypes persistently co-occured at the species or strain level in mother–breast milk–infant triads, we analyzed collectively the next-generation sequencing (NGS) datasets of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the Bifidobacterium-specific groEL gene from maternal feces, breast milk, and infant feces in a small yet very homogeneous cohort of 25 healthy Uyghur mother–infant pairs (lactation for 7–720 days) in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China. Overall, 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that microbiome in the newborn gut was closer to that of breast milk in the first 4 months of lactation, and subsequently showed an obvious trend of adulthood at 6–12 months. Based on the BLAST accurate taxonomic result of the representative sequences of all ASVs (amplicon sequencing variants), only three sets of ASVs could be clearly assigned into Bifidobacterium species, whereas the remaining eight sets of ASVs corresponded to four indefinite Bifidobacterium species group. By contrast, the groEL gene dataset was partitioned into 376 ASVs, at least belonging to 13 well-known Bifidobacterium species or subspecies, of which 15 ASVs, annotated to seven well-known Bifidobacterium species or subspecies, showed triadic synchronism in most 23 mother–infant pairs tested. However, several other rare bifidobacterial phylotypes, which were frequently encountered in animals, were found to display no correspondence of the presence between the three ecosystems of mother–infant pairs. Our test results were obviously to support the hypothesis that breast milk acts as an intermediary for the transfer of probiotic commensal bacteria from mother to infant, especially for endosymbiotic Bifidobacterium that can colonize the infant gut. Some oxygen-insensitive exogenous Bifidobacterium phylotypes with a cosmopolitan lifestyle may be indirectly transferred to breast milk and the infant’s intestinal tract through environmental contamination. Thus, the groEL gene proved to be a very effective target for the depth resolution of Bifidobacterium community by high-throughput sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Baolong Luo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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22
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Stinson LF, Sindi ASM, Cheema AS, Lai CT, Mühlhäusler BS, Wlodek ME, Payne MS, Geddes DT. The human milk microbiome: who, what, when, where, why, and how? Nutr Rev 2021; 79:529-543. [PMID: 32443154 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk (HM) contains an incredible array of microorganisms. These likely contribute to the seeding of the infant gastrointestinal microbiome, thereby influencing infant immune and metabolic development and later-life health. Given the importance of the HM microbiota in this context, there has been an increase in research efforts to characterize this in different populations and in relation to different maternal and infant characteristics. However, despite a decade of intensive research, there remain several unanswered questions in this field. In this review, the "5 W+H" approach (who, what, when, where, why, and how) is used to comprehensively describe the composition, function, and origin of the HM microbiome. Here, existing evidence will be drawn together and critically appraised to highlight avenues for further research, both basic and applied. Perhaps the most interesting of these is the potential to modulate the HM microbiome using pre/probiotics or dietary interventions. Another exciting possibility is the personalization of donor milk for women with insufficient supply. By gaining a deeper understanding of the HM microbiome, opportunities to intervene to optimize infant and lifelong health may be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Azhar S M Sindi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ali S Cheema
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ching Tat Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Beverly S Mühlhäusler
- CSIRO, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew S Payne
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Donna T Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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23
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Baniel A, Amato KR, Beehner JC, Bergman TJ, Mercer A, Perlman RF, Petrullo L, Reitsema L, Sams S, Lu A, Snyder-Mackler N. Seasonal shifts in the gut microbiome indicate plastic responses to diet in wild geladas. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:26. [PMID: 33485388 PMCID: PMC7828014 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive shifts in gut microbiome composition are one route by which animals adapt to seasonal changes in food availability and diet. However, outside of dietary shifts, other potential environmental drivers of gut microbial composition have rarely been investigated, particularly in organisms living in their natural environments. RESULTS Here, we generated the largest wild nonhuman primate gut microbiome dataset to date to identify the environmental drivers of gut microbial diversity and function in 758 samples collected from wild Ethiopian geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Because geladas live in a cold, high-altitude environment and have a low-quality grass-based diet, they face extreme thermoregulatory and energetic constraints. We tested how proxies of food availability (rainfall) and thermoregulatory stress (temperature) predicted gut microbiome composition of geladas. The gelada gut microbiome composition covaried with rainfall and temperature in a pattern that suggests distinct responses to dietary and thermoregulatory challenges. Microbial changes were driven by differences in the main components of the diet across seasons: in rainier periods, the gut was dominated by cellulolytic/fermentative bacteria that specialized in digesting grass, while during dry periods the gut was dominated by bacteria that break down starches found in underground plant parts. Temperature had a comparatively smaller, but detectable, effect on the gut microbiome. During cold and dry periods, bacterial genes involved in energy, amino acid, and lipid metabolism increased, suggesting a stimulation of fermentation activity in the gut when thermoregulatory and nutritional stress co-occurred, and potentially helping geladas to maintain energy balance during challenging periods. CONCLUSION Together, these results shed light on the extent to which gut microbiota plasticity provides dietary and metabolic flexibility to the host, and might be a key factor to thriving in changing environments. On a longer evolutionary timescale, such metabolic flexibility provided by the gut microbiome may have also allowed members of Theropithecus to adopt a specialized diet, and colonize new high-altitude grassland habitats in East Africa. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Baniel
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Katherine R Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Thore J Bergman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arianne Mercer
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rachel F Perlman
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lauren Petrullo
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Laurie Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Sierra Sams
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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24
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Bayaga CLT, Tanguilig KMN, Aba RPM, Pico MB, Gabriel AA. Culturable micro-organisms in human milk were found to be associated with maternal weight, diet and age during early lactation. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:925-937. [PMID: 33336459 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the influence of maternal factors on the total plate count, Staphylococci, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria populations in the milk of lactating Filipino women for the first 4 months of lactation period. METHODS AND RESULTS Milk samples (n = 136), 24 h diet recalls and responses from a qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were collected from 34 healthy lactating women classified according to their BMI: underweight (n = 7), normal weight (n = 16) and overweight (n = 11). The FFQ was useful in assessing prebiotic and probiotic food items consumed by the participants. Microbial populations were enumerated using culture-plating method, and showed a nonsignificant decreasing trend suggesting their relative stability throughout the first 4 months of lactation. Carbohydrate and fat intakes were associated with TPC, and with both TPC and Staphylococci respectively (P ≤ 0·05); and consumption of root crop is linked with Staphylococci, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria (P ≤ 0·05). Interestingly, age was found to be a positive determinant for Bifidobacteria (P = 0·00), whereas being normal- or overweight as negative determinants of Lactobacilli (P = 0·017). Consumption of milk also seems to positively influence both Lactobacilli (P = 0·00) and Bifidobacteria (P = 0·05) counts. CONCLUSIONS Certain populations of culturable micro-organisms were found to be associated with maternal diet, weight classification and age. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study offered new discoveries in the recently growing endeavor on the role of maternal factors in modulating certain microbial populations in human milk. Ultimately, the findings of this study could provide a basis in crafting lactation policies and guidelines that may help enhance the microbial quality of human milk through adjustments in maternal diet or weight during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L T Bayaga
- Breast Milk Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - K M N Tanguilig
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - R P M Aba
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - M B Pico
- Breast Milk Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - A A Gabriel
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Home Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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25
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Ruiz L, Alba C, García-Carral C, Jiménez EA, Lackey KA, McGuire MK, Meehan CL, Foster J, Sellen DW, Kamau-Mbuthia EW, Kamundia EW, Mbugua S, Moore SE, Prentice AM, Gindola K D, Otoo GE, Pareja RG, Bode L, McGuire MA, Williams JE, Rodríguez JM. Comparison of Two Approaches for the Metataxonomic Analysis of the Human Milk Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:622550. [PMID: 33842385 PMCID: PMC8027255 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.622550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated the existence of large inter-individual and inter-population variability in the microbiota of human milk from healthy women living across variable geographical and socio-cultural settings. However, no studies have evaluated the impact that variable sequencing approaches targeting different 16S rRNA variable regions may have on the human milk microbiota profiling results. This hampers our ability to make meaningful comparisons across studies. In this context, the main purpose of the present study was to re-process and re-sequence the microbiome in a large set of human milk samples (n = 412) collected from healthy women living at diverse international sites (Spain, Sweden, Peru, United States, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana and Kenya), by targeting a different 16S rRNA variable region and reaching a larger sequencing depth. Despite some differences between the results obtained from both sequencing approaches were notable (especially regarding alpha and beta diversities and Proteobacteria representation), results indicate that both sequencing approaches revealed a relatively consistent microbiota configurations in the studied cohorts. Our data expand upon the milk microbiota results we previously reported from the INSPIRE cohort and provide, for the first time across globally diverse populations, evidence of the impact that different DNA processing and sequencing approaches have on the microbiota profiles obtained for human milk samples. Overall, our results corroborate some similarities regarding the microbial communities previously reported for the INSPIRE cohort, but some differences were also detected. Understanding the impact of different sequencing approaches on human milk microbiota profiles is essential to enable meaningful comparisons across studies. Clinical Trial Registration www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02670278.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lorena Ruiz, ; Juan Miguel Rodriguez,
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Carral
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther A. Jiménez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kimberly A. Lackey
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Michelle K. McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Courtney L. Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - James Foster
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Daniel W. Sellen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Samwel Mbugua
- Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Sophie E. Moore
- Division of Women’s Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Unit, Serekunda, Gambia
| | - Andrew M. Prentice
- MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debela Gindola K
- Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Gloria E. Otoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CoRE), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mark A. McGuire
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Janet E. Williams
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lorena Ruiz, ; Juan Miguel Rodriguez,
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26
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Zhao Y, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. An optimized culture medium to isolate Lactobacillus fermentum strains from the human intestinal tract. Food Funct 2021; 12:6740-6754. [PMID: 34105590 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00209k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Research studies have shown that Lactobacillus fermentum generally exists in the human gut and has potential health benefits on host health due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. However, the lack of an effective culture medium for the isolation of L. fermentum has presented a significant obstacle on the path to screen L. fermentum strains from the human intestinal tract with a large diversity of commensal microbes. In this study, a total of 51 Lactobacillus species are detected in 200 human fecal samples and we aim to distinguish L. fermentum from these common existing Lactobacillus species and design a more efficient culture medium for isolating L. fermentum strains from the human gut. Based on antibiotic susceptibility and sugar utilization tests, a new optimized medium called LFMATA containing arabinose as the carbon source and 20 mg L-1 vancomycin, 64 mg L-1 gentamicin and 256 mg L-1 streptomycin was developed. Genotype and phenotype analysis for antibiotic resistance and carbohydrate metabolism showed that though glycometabolism-related genes (araA, xylA, manX, bglX, treP and rbsK) correlated with the carbon utilization of Lactobacillus, the genes conferring resistance to streptomycin (gidB and rpsL) and gentamicin (tlyA) were not directly associated with the antibiotic resistance of Lactobacillus strains. This new selective medium greatly increased the efficiency of screening L. fermentum strains from human fecal samples, with the rate of L. fermentum isolation on LFMATA being 10-fold higher than that on LAMVAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R China.
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27
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Zhang X, Mushajiang S, Luo B, Tian F, Ni Y, Yan W. The Composition and Concordance of Lactobacillus Populations of Infant Gut and the Corresponding Breast-Milk and Maternal Gut. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:597911. [PMID: 33408705 PMCID: PMC7779531 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.597911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal gut is the principal source of commensal bacteria in the infant gut during the lactation stage, where breast milk acts as an intermediary for the transfer of potential probiotic bacteria consortia, including Lactobacillus. This study aimed to characterize the bacterial communities in human milk, maternal, and infant feces in a small yet very homogeneous cohort of 25 healthy mother–infant pairs in northwestern China (n = 25, infant age from 7 days to 2 years), with special emphasis on the cooccurrence and vertical transfer of Lactobacillus phylotypes at the species or strain level in mother-breast milk-infant triads. Accurate sequencing analysis revealed that among 73 Lactobacillus zero-radius operational classification units (ZOTUs) identified, 58 belonging to 18 recognized species or species groups were distributed in all three types of samples. Lactobacillus ruminis, L. mucosae and L. gasseri-johnsonii as true residents were the most represented in all three ecosystems, whereas the content of Lactobacillus phylotypes commonly developed as probiotics was not dominant. While the numbers of Lactobacillus species in breast milk and infant feces were greater than that in maternal feces, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on beta diversity, coupled with the frequency of isolates determined by culture methods, showed that the Lactobacillus community in the infant gut was more similar to that in the maternal gut than to that in breast milk, suggesting that the gut is niche selective for Lactobacillus populations. In addition, identical strains of L. ruminis, L. paracasei, L. mucosae and L. salivarius were isolated from multiple mother–infant pairs, supporting the hypothesis that vertical transfer of bacteria via breastfeeding contributes to the initial establishment of the microbiota in the developing infant intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | | | - Baolong Luo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenli Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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28
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Łubiech K, Twarużek M. Lactobacillus Bacteria in Breast Milk. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3783. [PMID: 33321792 PMCID: PMC7764098 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is an optimal food for infants and toddlers. The composition of breast milk adapts to the needs of the developing organism, satisfying nutritional needs at an early stage of growth and development. The results of research to date have shown that breast milk is the best food for a child, containing not only nutrients but also biologically active substances that aid in the optimal, proper growth and development of infants. Among the many components of breast milk, an important element is the probiotic microflora, including bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus spp. These organisms exert a multidirectional, health-promoting effect on the body of children who consume breast milk. The number of lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus, colonizing the breast milk environment and their species diversity varies and depends on many factors, both maternal and environmental. Breast milk, as a recommended food for infants, is an important source of probiotic microflora. The aim of this study was to present the current understanding of probiotic bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus present in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Łubiech
- Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30 St., 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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29
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Fernández L, Pannaraj PS, Rautava S, Rodríguez JM. The Microbiota of the Human Mammary Ecosystem. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:586667. [PMID: 33330129 PMCID: PMC7718026 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.586667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains a dynamic and complex site-specific microbiome, which is not assembled in an aleatory way, formed by organized microbial consortia and networks. Presence of some genera, such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Cutibacterium (formerly known as Propionibacterium), Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Bifidobacterium, has been detected by both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches. DNA from some gut-associated strict anaerobes has also been repeatedly found and some studies have revealed the presence of cells and/or nucleic acids from viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa in human milk. Colostrum and milk microbes are transmitted to the infant and, therefore, they are among the first colonizers of the human gut. Still, the significance of human milk microbes in infant gut colonization remains an open question. Clinical studies trying to elucidate the question are confounded by the profound impact of non-microbial human milk components to intestinal microecology. Modifications in the microbiota of human milk may have biological consequences for infant colonization, metabolism, immune and neuroendocrine development, and for mammary health. However, the factors driving differences in the composition of the human milk microbiome remain poorly known. In addition to colostrum and milk, breast tissue in lactating and non-lactating women may also contain a microbiota, with implications in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and in some of the adverse outcomes associated with breast implants. This and other open issues, such as the origin of the human milk microbiome, and the current limitations and future prospects are addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pia S. Pannaraj
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samuli Rautava
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, New Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Anjum J, Nazir S, Tariq M, Barrett K, Zaidi A. Lactobacillus commensals autochthonous to human milk have the hallmarks of potent probiotics. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:966-980. [PMID: 32886600 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maternal milk is an important source of essential nutrients for the optimal growth of infants. Breastfeeding provides a continuous supply of beneficial bacteria to colonize the infant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and offers health benefits for disease prevention and immunity. The purpose of this study was to isolate novel probiotic strains from the breast milk of native Pakistani mothers and to evaluate their probiotic potential. We isolated 21 strains of bacteria from the colostrum and mature milk of 20 healthy mothers, who had vaginal deliveries and were not taking antibiotics. After phenotypic and genotypic characterization, these isolates were tested for survival in the GIT using in vitro acid and bile tests. Nine strains showing good acid tolerance were assessed for their growth rate, bile resistance and ability to hydrolyze bile salts. Out of the four Lactobacillus isolates adjudged to be most promising as probiotics, three were Lactobacillus fermentum strains and one was a strain of Lactobacillus oris. This study demonstrates that human milk is a viable source of commensal bacteria beneficial to both adults and babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasia Anjum
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Nazir
- Dept of Pediatrics, Shifa International Hospitals Ltd, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.,National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kim Barrett
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093-0063, USA
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Lab, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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31
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The Impact of the Postpartum "Doing-the-Month" Practice on Human Milk Microbiota: A Pilot Study in Taiwan. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091283. [PMID: 32842688 PMCID: PMC7564682 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk microorganisms could benefit the healthy development of the immune system in infants. In Asia, the practice of “doing-the-month” indicates a month-long period of postpartum recuperation for new mothers. This is composed of cultural practices, traditional beliefs, behavioral, dietary, and herbal therapies. In this pilot study, we evaluated the effect of “doing-the-month” on the human milk microbiota using a molecular approach. We collected two “doing-the-month” milk groups from randomly recruited mothers who had completed their “doing-the-month” program in either postpartum care center A (milk-PCA, n = 14) or postpartum care center B (milk-PCB, n = 27) for 20 to 30 days. As for the control group, milk samples were selected from postpartum mothers (milk-H, n = 46), who did not conduct the “doing-the-month” program. We found that the “doing-the-month” milk samples were associated with more diverse and unique milk microbiota and that these samples were also linked with more abundant Lactobacillus (milk-PCB) and prevalent Bifidobacteria (milk-PCA and milk-PCB). In addition, the milk samples from “doing-the-month” mothers could be enriched with more Archaea bacterial members, but the “non-doing-the-month” milk samples were enriched with more common skin-, oral-, and environmental-related bacterial members. This study highlights the impact maternal practices may have on the milk microbiome. More research is needed to investigate the effects this may have on infant immune health.
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32
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Human milk and mucosa-associated disaccharides impact on cultured infant fecal microbiota. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11845. [PMID: 32678209 PMCID: PMC7366668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a mixture of structurally diverse carbohydrates that contribute to shape a healthy gut microbiota composition. The great diversity of the HMOs structures does not allow the attribution of specific prebiotic characteristics to single milk oligosaccharides. We analyze here the utilization of four disaccharides, lacto-N-biose (LNB), galacto-N-biose (GNB), fucosyl-α1,3-GlcNAc (3FN) and fucosyl-α1,6-GlcNAc (6FN), that form part of HMOs and glycoprotein structures, by the infant fecal microbiota. LNB significantly increased the total levels of bifidobacteria and the species Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The Lactobacillus genus levels were increased by 3FN fermentation and B. breve by GNB and 3FN. There was a significant reduction of Blautia coccoides group with LNB and 3FN. In addition, 6FN significantly reduced the levels of Enterobacteriaceae family members. Significantly higher concentrations of lactate, formate and acetate were produced in cultures containing either LNB or GNB in comparison with control cultures. Additionally, after fermentation of the oligosaccharides by the fecal microbiota, several Bifidobacterium strains were isolated and identified. The results presented here indicated that each, LNB, GNB and 3FN disaccharide, might have a specific beneficial effect in the infant gut microbiota and they are potential prebiotics for application in infant foods.
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Dedrick S, Sundaresh B, Huang Q, Brady C, Yoo T, Cronin C, Rudnicki C, Flood M, Momeni B, Ludvigsson J, Altindis E. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Environmental Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:78. [PMID: 32174888 PMCID: PMC7057241 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is regarded as an autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency resulting from destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The incidence rates of T1D have increased worldwide. Over the past decades, progress has been made in understanding the complexity of the immune response and its role in T1D pathogenesis, however, the trigger of T1D autoimmunity remains unclear. The increasing incidence rates, immigrant studies, and twin studies suggest that environmental factors play an important role and the trigger cannot simply be explained by genetic predisposition. Several research initiatives have identified environmental factors that potentially contribute to the onset of T1D autoimmunity and the progression of disease in children/young adults. More recently, the interplay between gut microbiota and the immune system has been implicated as an important factor in T1D pathogenesis. Although results often vary between studies, broad compositional and diversity patterns have emerged from both longitudinal and cross-sectional human studies. T1D patients have a less diverse gut microbiota, an increased prevalence of Bacteriodetes taxa and an aberrant metabolomic profile compared to healthy controls. In this comprehensive review, we present the data obtained from both animal and human studies focusing on the large longitudinal human studies. These studies are particularly valuable in elucidating the environmental factors that lead to aberrant gut microbiota composition and potentially contribute to T1D. We also discuss how environmental factors, such as birth mode, diet, and antibiotic use modulate gut microbiota and how this potentially contributes to T1D. In the final section, we focus on existing recent literature on microbiota-produced metabolites, proteins, and gut virome function as potential protectants or triggers of T1D onset. Overall, current results indicate that higher levels of diversity along with the presence of beneficial microbes and the resulting microbial-produced metabolites can act as protectors against T1D onset. However, the specifics of the interplay between host and microbes are yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Dedrick
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | | | - Qian Huang
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Claudia Brady
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Tessa Yoo
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Cronin
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Caitlin Rudnicki
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Michael Flood
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Babak Momeni
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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Ville A, Levine E, Zhi D, Lararia B, Wojcicki JM. Alterations in the Gut Microbiome at 6 Months of Age in Obese Latino Infants. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 39:47-53. [PMID: 31498715 PMCID: PMC6949412 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1606744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate gut microbial composition in Latino infants in relation to breastfeeding, obesity, and antibiotic exposure.Method: We analyzed the gut microbiome in 6-month-old Latino infants from an ongoing urban mother-child cohort. Alpha and beta diversity were assessed in relation to infants' early dietary exposure and anthropometrics including obesity.Results: Infants exclusively breastfed at 4 to 6 weeks had lower alpha diversity and less bacterial abundance compared with those who did not. Breastfeeding status at 4 to 6 weeks and 6 months of age accounted for differences in alpha and beta diversity. Infants who were obese at 6 months of age had higher levels of alpha diversity compared with non-obese infants.Conclusions: Early exclusive breastfeeding and obesity impacts microbial diversity by 6 months of age in Latino infants, a group at high risk for future obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Ville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Emma Levine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Degui Zhi
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara Lararia
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Janet M Wojcicki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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The Ecology of Breastfeeding and Mother-Infant Immune Functions. THE MOTHER-INFANT NEXUS IN ANTHROPOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27393-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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The vaginal microbial communities of healthy expectant Brazilian mothers and its correlation with the newborn's gut colonization. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:159. [PMID: 31602538 PMCID: PMC6787113 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The female lower genital tract harbors a complex microbial community essential for homeostasis and health. During pregnancy, the female body undergoes unique hormonal changes that contribute to weight gain as well as modulations in immune function that can affect microbiota composition. Several studies have described the vaginal microbiota of pregnant women from the USA, Europe and Mexico. Here we expand our knowledge about the vaginal microbial communities during the third trimester to healthy expectant Brazilian mothers. Vaginal samples were collected from patients delivering at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. Microbial DNA was isolated from samples and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the PGM Ion Torrent. Brazilian pregnant women presented three distinct types of microbial community at the time of labor. Two microbial communities, Cluster 1 and Cluster 3, presented an overall dominance of Lactobacillus while Cluster 2 tended to present higher diversity and richness, with the presence of Pseudomonas, Prevotella and other vaginosis related bacteria. About half of the Brazilian mothers sampled here had dominance of L. iners. The proportion of mothers without dominance of any Lactobacillus was higher in Brazil (22%) compared to UK (2.4%) and USA, where this community type was not detected. The vaginal microbiota showed significant correlation with the composition of the babies' gut microbiota (p-value = 0.002 with a R2 of 15.8%). Mothers presenting different vaginal microbiota shared different microorganisms with their newborns, which would reflect on initial colonizers of the developing newborns' gut.
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Yang B, Chen Y, Stanton C, Ross RP, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Composition at Species Level and Gut Microbiota Diversity in Infants before 6 Weeks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3306. [PMID: 31284413 PMCID: PMC6650860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the effects of different delivery and feeding modes on the gut microbiota composition of early infants with special emphasis on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus profiles at species level. 16S rRNA V3-V4 regions, bifidobacterial, and lactobacilli groEL genes from infant feces were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Gut microbiota abundance was significantly different, where standard vaginally delivered (SVD) and breast-fed (BF) groups were higher in comparison with caesarean section (CS), milk-powder-fed (MPF), and mixed-fed (MF) groups. The genus unclassified Enterobacteriaceae was dominant, followed by Bifidobacterium, which was highly abundant in SVD and BF groups. The dominant Bifidobacterium species in all groups were B. longum subsp. longum, B. longum subsp. infantis and B. animalis subsp. lactis. B. dentium and the diversity of Bifidobacterium in SVD and BF groups were significantly higher. For Lactobacillus profiles, L. rhamnosus and L. gasseri were dominant among all the groups, while Lactobacillus species in CS and MPF groups were more diverse. Functional predictions showed significant differences between delivery mode and feeding groups, such as phosphotransferase system as well as taurine and hypotaurine metabolism. In early infants with different delivery and feeding methods, gut microbiota-particularly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli communities-showed significant differences, with strong implications for physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 102488, China.
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Ruiz L, García-Carral C, Rodriguez JM. Unfolding the Human Milk Microbiome Landscape in the Omics Era. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1378. [PMID: 31293535 PMCID: PMC6604669 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies conducted in the last years have demonstrated that human milk represents a continuous supply of beneficial bacteria to the infant gut, which contribute to the maturation of the digestive and immune functions in the developing infant. Nevertheless, the origin of bacterial populations in milk is not fully understood yet and they have been proposed to originate from maternal skin, infant’s mouth, and (or) endogenously, from the maternal digestive tract through a mechanism involving immune cells. Understanding the composition, functions and assembly of the human milk microbiota has important implications not only for the infant gut microbiota establishment, but also for the mammary health since dysbiosis in the milk bacteria may lead to mastitis. Besides, host, microbial, medical and environmental factors may affect the composition of the human milk microbiome, with implications for the mother-infant health. Application of both culture-dependent and -independent techniques to assess the milk microbiome faces some practical limitations but, together, have allowed providing novel and complementary views on its origin, composition and functioning as summarized in this minireview. In the next future, the application of the ultimate advances in next-generation sequencing and omics approaches, including culturomics, will allow a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the composition and functions of these microbial communities, including their interactions with other milk components, expanding the opportunities to design novel microbiome-based modulation strategies for this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Carral
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodriguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Petrullo L, Jorgensen MJ, Snyder‐Mackler N, Lu A. Composition and stability of the vervet monkey milk microbiome. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22982. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Petrullo
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological SciencesStony Brook UniversityStony Brook NY
| | - Matthew J. Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐Salem NC
| | - Noah Snyder‐Mackler
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattle WA
- Center for Studies in Demography & EcologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattle WA
- Washington National Primate Research CenterUniversity of WashingtonSeattle WA
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of AnthropologyStony Brook UniversityStony Brook NY
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40
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Lackey KA, Williams JE, Meehan CL, Zachek JA, Benda ED, Price WJ, Foster JA, Sellen DW, Kamau-Mbuthia EW, Kamundia EW, Mbugua S, Moore SE, Prentice AM, K DG, Kvist LJ, Otoo GE, García-Carral C, Jiménez E, Ruiz L, Rodríguez JM, Pareja RG, Bode L, McGuire MA, McGuire MK. What's Normal? Microbiomes in Human Milk and Infant Feces Are Related to Each Other but Vary Geographically: The INSPIRE Study. Front Nutr 2019; 6:45. [PMID: 31058158 PMCID: PMC6479015 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microbial communities in human milk and those in feces from breastfed infants vary within and across populations. However, few researchers have conducted cross-cultural comparisons between populations, and little is known about whether certain “core” taxa occur normally within or between populations and whether variation in milk microbiome is related to variation in infant fecal microbiome. The purpose of this study was to describe microbiomes of milk produced by relatively healthy women living at diverse international sites and compare these to the fecal microbiomes of their relatively healthy infants. Methods: We analyzed milk (n = 394) and infant feces (n = 377) collected from mother/infant dyads living in 11 international sites (2 each in Ethiopia, The Gambia, and the US; 1 each in Ghana, Kenya, Peru, Spain, and Sweden). The V1-V3 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced to characterize and compare microbial communities within and among cohorts. Results: Core genera in feces were Streptococcus, Escherichia/Shigella, and Veillonella, and in milk were Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, although substantial variability existed within and across cohorts. For instance, relative abundance of Lactobacillus was highest in feces from rural Ethiopia and The Gambia, and lowest in feces from Peru, Spain, Sweden, and the US; Rhizobium was relatively more abundant in milk produced by women in rural Ethiopia than all other cohorts. Bacterial diversity also varied among cohorts. For example, Shannon diversity was higher in feces from Kenya than Ghana and US-California, and higher in rural Ethiopian than Ghana, Peru, Spain, Sweden, and US-California. There were limited associations between individual genera in milk and feces, but community-level analyses suggest strong, positive associations between the complex communities in these sample types. Conclusions: Our data provide additional evidence of within- and among-population differences in milk and infant fecal bacterial community membership and diversity and support for a relationship between the bacterial communities in milk and those of the recipient infant's feces. Additional research is needed to understand environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors driving this variation and association, as well as its significance for acute and chronic maternal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Lackey
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Janet E Williams
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Courtney L Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Jessica A Zachek
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Benda
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - William J Price
- Statistical Programs, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - James A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Daniel W Sellen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Samwel Mbugua
- Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Debela Gindola K
- Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Gloria E Otoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mark A McGuire
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Michelle K McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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Palakawong Na Ayudthaya S, van der Oost H, van der Oost J, van Vliet DM, Plugge CM. Microbial Diversity and Organic Acid Production of Guinea Pig Faecal Samples. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:425-434. [PMID: 30747258 PMCID: PMC6427046 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) or cavy is a grass-eating rodent. Its main diet consists of grass or hay, which comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and their derivatives. Here, the microbial diversity of faecal samples of two guinea pigs and microbial enrichments made with substrates, including starch waste and dried grass, were investigated along with organic acid production profiles. The microbial communities of the faecal samples were dominated by the phyla Bacteroidetes (40%) and Firmicutes (36%). Bacteroidales S24-7 (11% in Cavy 1 and 21% in Cavy 2) was the most abundant order. At genus level, many microorganisms remained unclassified. Different carbon sources were used for organic acid production in faecal enrichments. The dominant bacterial groups in the secondary enrichments with dried grass, starch waste and xylose were closely related to Prevotella and Blautia. Acetate was the predominant organic acid from all enrichments. The organic acid production profiles corresponded to a mixed acid fermentation but differed depending on the substrate. Eight phylogenetically different isolates were obtained, including a novel Streptococcus species, strain Cavy grass 6. This strain had a low abundance (1%) in one of the faecal samples but was enriched in the dried grass enrichment (3%). Cavy grass 6, a fast-growing heterolactic bacterium, ferments cellobiose to lactate, acetate, formate and ethanol. Our results show that cavy faecal samples can be applied as microbial source for organic acid production from complex organic substrates. The cavy gut contains many as-yet-uncultivated bacteria which may be appropriate targets for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susakul Palakawong Na Ayudthaya
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Technopolis, Khlong Ha, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12110, Thailand.
| | - Hans van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan M van Vliet
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Plugge
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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42
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Padilha M, Iaucci J, Cabral V, Diniz E, Taddei C, Saad S. Maternal antibiotic prophylaxis affects Bifidobacterium spp. counts in the human milk, during the first week after delivery. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:155-163. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human milk is an important source of microorganisms for infant gut colonisation. Although the maternal antibiotic prophylaxis is an important strategy to prevent maternal/neonatal sepsis, it has to be investigated how it may affect the human milk microbiota, especially the genus Bifidobacterium, which has been associated to health benefits. Here, we investigated the impact of the maternal antibiotic prophylaxis on the human milk Bifidobacterium spp. and total bacteria counts, in the first week (short-term) and first month (medium-term) after delivery. Human milk samples were collected from 55 healthy lactating women recruited from the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo at days 7±3 and 30±4 after vaginal delivery. Twenty one volunteers had received maternal antibiotic prophylaxis (MAP group) and 34 had not received MAP (no-MAP group) during or after labour. Total DNA was isolated from milk samples, and the bacterial counts were estimated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). We found lower levels of Bifidobacterium in the MAP group in the first week after delivery (median = 2.1 vs 2.4 log of equivalent cells/ml of human milk, for MAP and no-MAP groups, respectively; P=0.01), although there were no statistical differences in total bacteria count. However, no differences were found in Bifidobacterium counts between the groups at day 30±4 (median = 2.5 vs 2.2 log of equivalent cells/ml of human milk, for MAP and no-MAP groups, respectively; P=0.50). Our results suggest that MAP has a significant impact on Bifidobacterium counts in human milk, reducing this population in the first week after delivery. However, throughout the first month after delivery, the Bifidobacterium counts tend to recover, reaching similar counts to those found in no-MAP group at day 30±4 after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Padilha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, R. do Lago 250, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - J.M. Iaucci
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - V.P. Cabral
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, 03178-200, Brazil
| | - E.M.A. Diniz
- Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - C.R. Taddei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio 117, São Paulo, SP, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - S.M.I. Saad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, R. do Lago 250, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Wolkers-Rooijackers JCM, Rebmann K, Bosch T, Hazeleger WC. Fecal Bacterial Communities in Insectivorous Bats from the Netherlands and Their Role as a Possible Vector for Foodborne Diseases. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.2.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith C. M. Wolkers-Rooijackers
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen Campus, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Rebmann
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen Campus, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Bosch
- Ad Hoc Zoogdieronderzoek, 6708 GA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma C. Hazeleger
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen Campus, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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44
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Antão C, Teixeira C, Gomes M. Effect of Mode of Delivery on Early Oral Colonization and Childhood Dental Caries: A Systematic Review. PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1159/000495804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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45
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Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides and N-Glycans in the Milk of Chinese Mothers Regulate the Gut Microbiome of Their Breast-Fed Infants during Different Lactation Stages. mSystems 2018; 3:mSystems00206-18. [PMID: 30637338 PMCID: PMC6306508 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00206-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk glycans provide a broad range of carbon sources for gut microbes in infants. Levels of protein glycosylation in human milk vary during lactation and may also be affected by the stages of gestation and lactation and by the secretor status of the mother. This was the first study to evaluate systematically dynamic changes in human milk oligosaccharides and fucosylated N-glycans in the milk of Chinese mothers with different secretor statuses during 6 months of lactation. Given the unique single nucleotide polymorphism site (rs1047781, A385T) on the fucosyltransferase 2 gene among Chinese populations, our report provides a specific insight into the milk glycobiome of Chinese mothers, which may exert effects on the gut microbiota of infants that differ from findings from other study cohorts. The milk glycobiome has a significant impact on the gut microbiota of infants, which plays a pivotal role in health and development. Fucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and N-glycans on milk proteins are beneficial for the development of healthy gut microbiota, and the fucosylation levels of these glycans can be affected by the maternal fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2). Here, we present results of longitudinal research on paired milk and stool samples from 56 Chinese mothers (CMs) and their breast-fed children. Changes of HMOs and fucosylated N-glycans in milk of CMs at different lactation stages were detected, which allowed characterization of the major differences in milk glycans and consequential effects on the gut microbiome of infants according to maternal FUT2 status. Significant differences in the abundance of total and fucosylated HMOs between secretor and nonsecretor CMs were noted, especially during early lactation. Despite a tendency toward decreasing milk protein concentrations, the fucosylation levels of milk N-glycans increased during late lactation. The changes in the levels of fucosylated HMOs and milk N-glycans were highly correlated with the growth of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in the gut of infants during early and later lactation, respectively. Enriched expression of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and permeases in infants fed by secretor CMs contributed to the promotion of these bacteria in infants. Our data highlight the important role of fucosylated milk glycans in shaping the gut microbiome of infants and provide a solid foundation for development of “personalized” nutrition for Chinese infants. IMPORTANCE Human milk glycans provide a broad range of carbon sources for gut microbes in infants. Levels of protein glycosylation in human milk vary during lactation and may also be affected by the stages of gestation and lactation and by the secretor status of the mother. This was the first study to evaluate systematically dynamic changes in human milk oligosaccharides and fucosylated N-glycans in the milk of Chinese mothers with different secretor statuses during 6 months of lactation. Given the unique single nucleotide polymorphism site (rs1047781, A385T) on the fucosyltransferase 2 gene among Chinese populations, our report provides a specific insight into the milk glycobiome of Chinese mothers, which may exert effects on the gut microbiota of infants that differ from findings from other study cohorts.
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Knoop KA, Holtz LR, Newberry RD. Inherited nongenetic influences on the gut microbiome and immune system. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:1494-1503. [PMID: 30576093 PMCID: PMC8759455 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome and the immune system codevelop around the time of birth, well after genetic information has been passed from the parents to the offspring. Each of these "organ systems" displays plasticity. The immune system can mount highly specific adaptive responses to newly encountered antigens, and the gut microbiota is affected by changes in the environment. Despite this plasticity, there is a growing appreciation that these organ systems, once established, are remarkably stable. In health, the immune system rapidly mounts responses to infections, and once cleared, resolves inflammatory responses to return to homeostasis. However, a skewed immune system, such as seen in allergy, does not easily return to homeostasis. Allergic responses are often seen to multiple antigens. Likewise, a dysbiotic gut microbiota is seen in multiple diseases. Attempts to reset the gut microbiota as a therapy for disease have met with varied success. Therefore, how these codeveloping "organ systems" become established is a central question relevant to our overall health. Recent observations suggest that maternal factors encountered both in utero and after birth can directly or indirectly impact the development of the offspring's gut microbiome and immune system. Here, we discuss how these nongenetic maternal influences can have long-term effects on the progeny's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Knoop
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Lori R. Holtz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, MO 63110
| | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, MO 63110
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Larivière-Gauthier G, Thibodeau A, Letellier A, Yergeau É, Fravalo P. Salmonella
shedding status of the sow affects the microbiota of their piglets at weaning. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:411-423. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Larivière-Gauthier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - A. Thibodeau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - A. Letellier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
| | - É. Yergeau
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec; Laval QC Canada
| | - P. Fravalo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe QC Canada
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Biswas S, Turner L, Biswas I. Lactobacillus rhamnosusLRB mediated inhibition of oral streptococci. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:396-405. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Biswas
- Department of Microbiology; Molecular Genetics and Immunology; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City Kansas
| | - L. Turner
- Department of Microbiology; Molecular Genetics and Immunology; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City Kansas
| | - I. Biswas
- Department of Microbiology; Molecular Genetics and Immunology; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City Kansas
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is rising drastically for the past decades at a rate that cannot be explained by genetic changes alone. Environmental changes are considered to be the main drivers of this change. Recently, the gut microbiota has been suggested as a missing link between known environmental disease modulators and T1D promotion. Lifestyle factors have changed over time and have altered the gut microbiota-host interaction affecting T1D development. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent data emphasizing the modulatory potential of early lifestyle factors on gut microbiota and to elucidate their implication for T1D. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings show that lifestyle factors, especially those that affect the early establishment of gut homeostasis and the education of the immune system, are crucial disease modulators. Changing lifestyle factors affecting the early establishment of gut homeostasis are suggested to be key drivers of the rising T1D incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Gülden
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Zúñiga M, Monedero V, Yebra MJ. Utilization of Host-Derived Glycans by Intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Species. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1917. [PMID: 30177920 PMCID: PMC6109692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Lactobacillus are commonly found at the gastrointestinal tract and other mucosal surfaces of humans. This genus includes various species with a great number of potentially probiotic bacteria. Other often-used probiotic species belong to Bifidobacterium, a genus almost exclusively associated with the gut. As probiotics must survive and be metabolically active at their target sites, namely host mucosal surfaces, consumption of host-produced glycans is a key factor for their survival and activity. The ability to metabolize glycans such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), glycosaminoglycans and the glycan moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids found at the mucosal surfaces grants a competitive advantage to lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The analyses of the great number of sequenced genomes from these bacteria have revealed that many of them encode a wide assortment of genes involved in the metabolism and transport of carbohydrates, including several glycoside hydrolases required for metabolizing the carbohydrate moieties of mucins and HMOs. Here, the current knowledge on the genetic mechanisms, known catabolic pathways and biochemical properties of enzymes involved in the utilization of host-produced glycans by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - María J Yebra
- Laboratorio de Bacterias Lácticas y Probióticos, Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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