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Sun WJ, Liu YJ. The Impact of Social Support on Sleep Quality in Elderly Care Institutions in Northeast China: the Chain-Mediating Effect of Psychological Adjustment and Coping Style. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:1119-1130. [PMID: 38863944 PMCID: PMC11164688 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s461449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the sleep quality as well as the influence of social support on the sleep quality of elderly people in nursing homes in northeast China, and analyze the chain-mediating role of psychological adjustment and coping styles in social support and sleep quality, thereby to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective intervention measures in this direction. Patients and Methods This study was conducted during January-March 2023 and adopted a cluster sampling method to select 5 elderly care institutions from across the Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Self-mate General Situation Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Nursing Home Adjustment Scale for the Elderly, Social Support Rating Scale, and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire. Statistical analysis methods, including ANOVA, logistic multi-factor regression, and Pearson's correlation were employed in SPSS 26.0, while Amos 26.0 was used to build a structural equation model to analyze the interaction path and the mediating role between the variables. Results The sleep quality of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions was relatively low 8.43(3.456). Social support of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions affected their sleep quality through i) both psychological adjustment and face-to-face coping style (B = 0.493, P < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.050-0.122) and ii) both psychological adjustment and avoidance coping style (B = -0.302, P < 0.001, 95% CI = -0.119 to -0.048). Psychological adjustment, confrontation coping, and avoidance coping played a mediating role in the sequential relationship between social support and the sleep quality of elderly individuals in elderly care institutions. Conclusion Psychological adjustment and coping styles have a chain-mediating effect between social support and sleep quality of the elderly in northeast China's elderly care institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jing Sun
- Department of Nursing Welfare, Changchun Humanities and Sciences College, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Dongshin University, Naju-si, Jeollanam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Liu
- Department of Nursing Welfare, Changchun Humanities and Sciences College, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Lin Y, Zhang B, Ma Y. How Do Aging Self-Stereotypes Relate to Social Isolation in Older Adults? The Intervening Roles of Sense of Coherence and Cellphone Use. Psychol Rep 2024; 127:1100-1116. [PMID: 36282146 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221135483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among aging self-stereotype, sense of coherence (SOC), and social isolation, as well as further explore the moderating role of cellphone use in older adults. The 817 Chinese older adults were assessed with regard to aging self-stereotypes, social isolation, SOC and cellphone use. Results from mediation analyses revealed that the negative effect of aging self-stereotype on social isolation was mediated by SOC. Moderated mediation analyses further indicated that the path from SOC to social isolation was stronger and the path from aging self-stereotype to social isolation was weaker for older adults with a higher level of cellphone use. These findings indicated that negative stereotypes were related to weaker SOC and are associated with more severe social isolation. Frequent use of cellphones can alleviate the negative effect of aging self-stereotype on social isolation and enhance the positive effect of SOC on social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lin
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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3
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Sen Q, Lei Z. The impact of community care services on older people's psychological health: an empirical study in Liaoning Province, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1199830. [PMID: 37601200 PMCID: PMC10436539 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid population aging in China means it is imperative to establish a comprehensive care service system for older people. Currently, China is vigorously promoting the development of community care services for older people which should, ideally, focus on psychological health in addition to physical health. This study examined the impact of community care services on older people's psychological health. Methods Survey data (n = 741) were collected from people aged 60 years and older in Liaoning Province, China, in which various community care services for older people were provided. Information was collected regarding the types of services provided (e.g., meal services, medical and social care), participants' demographic details (age, gender, economic circumstances, etc.), and their psychological health (e.g., loneliness, life satisfaction). The impact of the various care services on older people's psychological health was subsequently examined through the construction of a structural equation model. Results Community care services for older people had a significant positive impact on their psychological health, with the most significant positive impact on cultural and sports activities, visiting and chat services, and emotional counseling. The impact of community care services on sub-groups of older people (e.g., those who were disabled, socially isolated and/or poor) was different. Conclusion It is necessary to provide comprehensive and high-quality community care services, organize diverse cultural, sports, and recreational activities, provide differentiated and specific services for older people, and formulate corresponding service guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sen
- School of Humanity and Law, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Wang S, Tang Q, Lv Y, Tao Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Liu G. The Temporal Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Loneliness: The Moderating Role of Self-Compassion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:472. [PMID: 37366723 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and depression are significant mental health challenges among college students; however, the intricate relationship between these phenomena remains unclear, particularly in the context of self-compassion. In this comprehensive study, we employ a cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis to investigate the symptom-level association between depression and loneliness while exploring the potential moderating influence of self-compassion. Our sample consisted of 2785 college students, who were categorized into high- and low-self-compassion groups based on scores from the Self-Compassion Scale. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, while the UCLA Loneliness Scale-8 measured loneliness expressions. Our findings indicate that self-compassion plays a crucial role in the relationship between depression and loneliness. Specifically, we observed distinctive patterns within the high and low-self-compassion groups. In the low-self-compassion group, "energy" emerged as the most influential symptom, whereas "motor function" exhibited the highest influence in the high-self-compassion group. Furthermore, among individuals with high self-compassion, the pathway from depression to loneliness was characterized by "guilt-being alone when desired," while the reverse path from loneliness to depression encompassed "left out-feeling sad" and "left out-anhedonia." Conversely, in the low-self-compassion group, depression and loneliness demonstrated a more intricate mutual triggering relationship, suggesting that self-compassion effectively moderates the association between these variables. This study provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms driving the interplay between depression and loneliness, shedding light on the pivotal role of self-compassion in this intricate dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qihui Tang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yichao Lv
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanqiang Tao
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College Students' Mental Health Education Center, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Wang H, Hou Y, Zhang L, Yang M, Deng R, Yao J. Chinese elderly migrants' loneliness, anxiety and depressive symptoms: The mediation effect of perceived stress and resilience. Front Public Health 2022; 10:998532. [PMID: 36091520 PMCID: PMC9452831 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.998532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly migrants who face the dual challenges of aging and migration are more likely to suffer psychological disorders. Existing research has demonstrated a link between loneliness and psychological disorders in the general elderly population. However, we know little about the relationships among elderly migrants, and the psychological mechanisms linking them. This study aims to examine the effects of loneliness on anxiety and depressive symptoms among Chinese elderly migrants, and explore the mediating roles of perceived stress and resilience. All 654 participants were recruited in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that loneliness was significantly correlated with anxiety and depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Perceived stress and resilience mediated the relationship between loneliness and anxiety symptoms. The mediating effect of perceived stress was 0.128 (Bootstrap 95% CI: 0.092-0.168, Ratio = 37.4%). Resilience was 0.026 (Bootstrap 95% CI: 0.005-0.049, Ratio = 7.6%). Furthermore, perceived stress and resilience also mediated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms. The mediating effects were 0.111 and 0.043, respectively (Bootstrap 95% CI: 0.073-0.151, Ratio = 27.9%; Bootstrap 95% CI: 0.020-0.069, Ratio = 10.8%). All the mediating effects were significant because the bootstrap 95% CIs did not contain zero. Overall, our findings suggested that loneliness not only can directly influence elderly migrants' anxiety and depressive symptoms but also by increasing perceived stress or decreasing resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjie Hou
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Yang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyue Deng
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Healthy Jiangsu Development, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Jun Yao
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A tale of two generations: Case study of intergenerational living in residential aged care. Collegian 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Eriksen KS, Lode K, Husebø SIE, Kørner H. Exploring variables affecting sense of coherence and social support in recovery after colorectal cancer surgery among the oldest old. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 47:81-86. [PMID: 35878524 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the associations between sense of coherence, perceived social support, and demographic and clinical characteristics among survivors ≥80 years treated for curable colorectal cancer. METHODS This exploratory, cross-sectional survey investigates 56 individuals surgically treated for stage I-III colorectal cancer between one and five years prior. Statistical analysis permitted exploration of associations between sense of coherence, perceived social support, and demographic- and clinical variables. RESULTS Lower sense of coherence was associated with higher age, limitations in physical function, and the need for homecare nursing. Lower perceived social support was associated with re-admission, higher age at time of surgery, and male gender. No correlations were found between sense of coherence and perceived social support. CONCLUSION The results are important for healthcare professionals to consider when dealing with older people who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer, especially in the discharge process to facilitate optimal follow-up care and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sundt Eriksen
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Kirsten Lode
- Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Caring and Ethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sissel Iren Eikeland Husebø
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Quality and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Hartwig Kørner
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Health effects of loneliness and social isolation in older adults living in congregate long term care settings: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 102:104728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hussain MA, Sun-Suslow N, Montoya JL, Iudicello JE, Heaton RK, Grant I, Morgan EE. Loneliness, Risky Beliefs and Intentions about Practicing Safer Sex among Methamphetamine Dependent Individuals. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 57:295-307. [PMID: 34889707 PMCID: PMC8922988 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2003404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine use is a known predictor of riskier sexual behaviors, which can have important public health implications (e.g., HIV-transmission risk). Loneliness also is associated with riskier sexual behaviors, though the relationship between loneliness and beliefs and/or intentions to practice safer sex has not been examined among people dependent on methamphetamine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals who met DSM-IV criteria for lifetime methamphetamine dependence and current (≤ 18-months) methamphetamine abuse or dependence (METH+ n = 56) were compared to those without severity and recency of methamphetamine use (METH- n = 59). These groups did not differ on social network size or proportion of people with HIV (∼58% HIV+). Participants completed the NIH Toolbox Loneliness Scale and the Sexual Risks Scale's "Norms" and "Intentions" subscales. RESULTS METH+ individuals were significantly lonelier than METH- controls (t(113) = 2.45, p = .02). Methamphetamine dependence remained significantly associated with greater loneliness, after controlling for HIV status and other relevant covariates (e.g., neurocognitive impairment, history of mood disorder, social network size; F = 3.70, Adjusted R2 = 0.18, p = .0009). Loneliness, above and beyond the aforementioned covariates, was significantly associated with riskier beliefs and intentions to practice safer sex among METH+, but not METH-, individuals (β = 2.92, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Loneliness is prevalent among individuals dependent on methamphetamine, and is uniquely associated with riskier beliefs and intentions regarding practicing safer sex. Findings may aid in identifying individuals at-risk of engaging in riskier sexual behaviors and guide risk prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A. Hussain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ni Sun-Suslow
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jessica L. Montoya
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Iudicello
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert K. Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Igor Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Erin E. Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - TMARC Group
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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Influence of Attachment Anxiety on the Relationship between Loneliness and Depression among Long-Term Care Residents. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121675. [PMID: 34946399 PMCID: PMC8701072 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attachment styles influence an individual's ability to maintain relationships throughout their lifespan. Insecure attachment has been associated with many aspects of mental health. The study aimed to explore the influence of attachment on loneliness and depression among old-age residents in long-term care facilities. METHODS A survey was conducted among residents from long term care facilities (LTC) in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic; 221 older people participated in the study. The mean aged was 73.60 ± 7.45 years old, and 57.5% female. All participants completed the Geriatric Depression Scale, the six-item revised version of the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and the Revised Experience of Close Relationships questionnaire to measure depressive symptoms, loneliness, and attachment style. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to find the predictors for depressive symptoms. RESULTS In all, 40.7% of residents in LTC facilities experienced depression. Male sex, education, loneliness, and attachment anxiety predicted the increased level of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Loneliness was confirmed to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and attachment anxiety was found to be a strong predicting factor of depressive symptoms. Intervention and research regarding reducing loneliness and attachment anxiety should be promoted in LTC settings.
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Kuru Alici N, Kalanlar B. Attitudes toward aging and loneliness among older adults: A mixed methods study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1838-1845. [PMID: 33651388 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to comprehensively investigate attitudes toward aging and loneliness in Turkish older adults living at a nursing home (n = 110). DESIGN AND METHODS A convergent mixed methods design was used. Data were collected using Europe-attitudes to aging questionnaire (AAQ) and De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale (DJGLS); and through semi structured interviews. FINDINGS The participants obtained mean scores of 19.98 ± 3.0 on the DJGLS and 71.84 ± 7.7 on the AAQ. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Healthcare professionals should improve their awareness about nursing home-dwelling older adults' attitudes toward aging and their experiences of loneliness so that they are better informed to address these issues and develop appropriate interventions that foster adaptive coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Kuru Alici
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilge Kalanlar
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
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Drageset J, Haugan G. Associations between nurse-patient interaction and loneliness among cognitively intact nursing home residents - a questionnaire survey. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:828-832. [PMID: 34090227 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nursing home (NH) residents risk loneliness because of many losses. Nurse-patient interaction includes core aspects contributing to thriving and well-being among long-term NH residents. We performed a cross-sectional observation study of 188 residents 65 years and older from 27 NHs with ≥3 months' residence. All had informed consent competence recognized by the responsible doctor and nurse and could converse. We asked "Do you sometimes feel lonely?" and used the Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale (NPIS) in face-to-face interviews. We identified associations between nurse-patient interaction and loneliness and investigated the prevalence of loneliness. Eighty-eight (47%) respondents reported loneliness often or sometimes and 100 (53%) rarely or never. Adjusted for sex and age, 10 of the 14 NPIS items were significantly correlated with loneliness. Loneliness is common among cognitively intact NH residents. Nurse-patient interaction associates with residents' loneliness and might be important in alleviating loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Drageset
- Department of Global Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Gørill Haugan
- Department of Public Health and Nursing and Center for Health Promoting Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postbox 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Nord University, Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Bodø, Norway.
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Experiences of loneliness among older people living alone. A qualitative study in Quebec (Canada). AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x21000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this article, we analyse experiences of loneliness among older people living alone. Current knowledge suggests that loneliness is a significant social issue that can compromise health and wellbeing, and that seniors living alone are at a higher risk of loneliness. Based on a qualitative methodological approach and semi-structured interviews conducted with 43 people aged 65 or over living alone in Montreal (Quebec, Canada), this study sought to understand how they perceive, reflect on and react to loneliness. The results show that these seniors perceive loneliness as a dynamic, and rarely static, experience, which has a very different significance, depending on whether it is chosen or circumstantially imposed. The experience of loneliness recounted by the seniors we met is characterised by its heterogeneity, and involves, to varying degrees, their relationship to themselves (solitude), to others (family (and friends) loneliness and loneliness in love) and/or to the world (existential loneliness and aloneness). Lastly, our analyses highlight how social factors, such as age, gender, marital status, social network and socio-economic conditions, shape the experience of loneliness among seniors. These factors also influence the strategies that seniors develop to prevent or alleviate loneliness, strategies that yield very mixed results.
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A profile of social isolation and the influence of demographics in older persons living in residential care, Durban, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Bethell J, Aelick K, Babineau J, Bretzlaff M, Edwards C, Gibson JL, Hewitt Colborne D, Iaboni A, Lender D, Schon D, McGilton KS. Social Connection in Long-Term Care Homes: A Scoping Review of Published Research on the Mental Health Impacts and Potential Strategies During COVID-19. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2020; 22:228-237.e25. [PMID: 33347846 PMCID: PMC9186333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Good social connection is associated with better health and wellbeing. However, social connection has distinct considerations for people living in long-term care (LTC) homes. The objective of this scoping review was to summarize research literature linking social connection to mental health outcomes, specifically among LTC residents, as well as research to identify strategies to help build and maintain social connection in this population during COVID-19. Design Scoping review. Settings and Participants Residents of LTC homes, care homes, and nursing homes. Methods We searched MEDLINE(R) ALL (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus, Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest), Embase and Embase Classic (Ovid), Emcare Nursing (Ovid), and AgeLine (EBSCO) for research that quantified an aspect of social connection among LTC residents; we limited searches to English-language articles published from database inception to search date (July 2019). For the current analysis, we included studies that reported (1) the association between social connection and a mental health outcome, (2) the association between a modifiable risk factor and social connection, or (3) intervention studies with social connection as an outcome. From studies in (2) and (3), we identified strategies that could be implemented and adapted by LTC residents, families and staff during COVID-19 and included the articles that informed these strategies. Results We included 133 studies in our review. We found 61 studies that tested the association between social connection and a mental health outcome. We highlighted 12 strategies, informed by 72 observational and intervention studies, that might help LTC residents, families, and staff build and maintain social connection for LTC residents. Conclusions and Implications Published research conducted among LTC residents has linked good social connection to better mental health outcomes. Observational and intervention studies provide some evidence on approaches to address social connection in this population. Although further research is needed, it does not obviate the need to act given the sudden and severe impact of COVID-19 on social connection in LTC residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bethell
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Katelynn Aelick
- Behavioural Supports Ontario Provincial Coordinating Office, North Bay Regional Health Centre, North Bay, Canada
| | - Jessica Babineau
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; The Institute for Education Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Monica Bretzlaff
- Behavioural Supports Ontario Provincial Coordinating Office, North Bay Regional Health Centre, North Bay, Canada
| | | | | | - Debbie Hewitt Colborne
- Behavioural Supports Ontario Provincial Coordinating Office, North Bay Regional Health Centre, North Bay, Canada
| | - Andrea Iaboni
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dee Lender
- Ontario Association of Residents' Councils, Newmarket, Canada
| | - Denise Schon
- Lakeside Long-Term Care Centre Family Council, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine S McGilton
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Arora S, Straiton M, Bergland A, Rechel B, Debesay J. Renegotiating formal and informal care while ageing abroad: Older Pakistani women's healthcare access, preferences and expectations in Norway. J Migr Health 2020; 1-2:100002. [PMID: 34405158 PMCID: PMC8352009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores older Pakistani women's preferences and expectations of formal and informal care while ageing in Norway. Our study is based on qualitative interviews with older Pakistani women living in Oslo municipality, Norway. The participants were aged between 48 and 81 years and had been living in Norway for 26 to 46 years. Our analyses resulted in five themes: 1) renegotiating the expectations of informal care in light of the 'nazaam' (or social system and practices) of Norway, 2) fear of being left behind in residential care homes, 3) disloyalty and shame of being cared for by outsiders, 4) perceptions about the quality of formal care and 5) concerns about mixing with other cultures and genders. Our findings point to potential barriers beyond culture that influence older Pakistani women's preferences for, expectations of and access to formal care services. The study further highlights the structural barriers that older Pakistani women perceive and experience in accessing formal care services in a majority society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Arora
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Melanie Straiton
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Bergland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernd Rechel
- European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Debesay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway
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17
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van Dyck LI, Wilkins KM, Ouellet J, Ouellet GM, Conroy ML. Combating Heightened Social Isolation of Nursing Home Elders: The Telephone Outreach in the COVID-19 Outbreak Program. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:989-992. [PMID: 32593495 PMCID: PMC7274114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Social isolation and loneliness-common concerns in older adults-are exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. To address social isolation in nursing home residents, the Yale School of Medicine Geriatrics Student Interest Group initiated a Telephone Outreach in the COVID-19 Outbreak (TOCO) Program that implements weekly phone calls with student volunteers. METHODS Local nursing homes were contacted; recreation directors identified appropriate and interested elderly residents. Student volunteers were paired with elderly residents and provided phone call instructions. RESULTS Three nursing homes opted to participate in the program. Thirty elderly residents were paired with student volunteers. Initial reports from recreation directors and student volunteers were positive: elderly residents look forward to weekly phone calls and express gratitude for social connectedness. CONCLUSIONS The TOCO program achieved initial success and promotes the social wellbeing of nursing home residents. We hope to continue this program beyond the COVID-19 pandemic in order to address this persistent need in a notably vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I van Dyck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine (LIVD, KMW, MLC), New Haven, CT.
| | - Kirsten M Wilkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine (LIVD, KMW, MLC), New Haven, CT; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System (KMW, MLC), West Haven, CT
| | - Jennifer Ouellet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine (JO), New Haven, CT
| | - Gregory M Ouellet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine (JO), New Haven, CT
| | - Michelle L Conroy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine (LIVD, KMW, MLC), New Haven, CT; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System (KMW, MLC), West Haven, CT
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18
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Jansson AH, Savikko N, Kautiainen H, Roitto HM, Pitkälä KH. Changes in prevalence of loneliness over time in institutional settings, and associated factors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 89:104043. [PMID: 32442846 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine changes in the prevalence of loneliness over time from 2011 to 2017 in long-term care facilities; and its related factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Repeated cross-sectional studies exploring loneliness and its associated factors among residents in long-term care facilities were conducted in Helsinki, Finland in 2011 (N = 4966) and 2017 (N = 3767). Residents in temporary respite care or with severe cognitive impairment, and those unable or refusing to respond to the loneliness item were excluded. The total number of participants in this analysis was 1563 in 2011, and 1367 in 2017. In both samples, we used the same loneliness measurement by asking "Do you suffer from loneliness?" (never/sometimes/often or always). When comparing the samples in order to reduce the effect of confounding between them, we used propensity score matching. A multivariable logistic regression model explored the relationship between various characteristics and loneliness. RESULTS Loneliness showed no change in prevalence over time: propensity score-adjusted loneliness was 36 % in 2011 and 2017. In the multivariate logistic regression model, feeling depressed was the only independent characteristic associated with loneliness. Of the respondents who did not feel depressed, 24 % suffered from loneliness at least sometimes. Among the respondents who felt depressed, the respective figure was 55 %. CONCLUSION Loneliness is common in institutional settings. It remained stable, and not decreased over time. Because loneliness impairs the well-being, quality of life and health of residents, it needs to be addressed. Screening loneliness and developing interventions to alleviate it, is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Jansson
- Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Unit of Primary Health Care, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - N Savikko
- Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Unit of Primary Health Care, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; City of Espoo, Asemakuja 2 A, FI-02070, Espoo, Finland.
| | - H Kautiainen
- Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Unit of Primary Health Care, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Unit of Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - H-M Roitto
- Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Unit of Primary Health Care, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Social Services and Health Care, Helsinki Hospital, Helsinki Hospital Geriatric Clinic, PO Box 6600, FI-00099, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - K H Pitkälä
- Department of General Practice and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Unit of Primary Health Care, PO Box 20, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Unit of Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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19
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Remembering the past, enhancing the present and sharing the future: a qualitative study of the impact of film screenings in care home communities. AGEING & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x20000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMany care home residents lack opportunities for meaningful activity and social connection, resulting in poor physical and emotional wellbeing. Providing residents with varied activities and social opportunities can improve their quality of life. In this paper, we examine the potential for film to provide a meaningful, social activity. The limited existing research on film in care homes has predominantly examined the use of film clips and materials in stimulating reminiscence for people with dementia. In this paper, we adopt a broader, trans-disciplinary perspective of film, drawing on evidence from Film Studies that shared spectatorship has social and emotional benefits for the viewer. We offer the first qualitative study of care home residents’ social, emotional and embodied engagement with feature-length film and identify the key benefits of film in this setting. We ran social film screenings in two Scottish care homes over six weeks. Underpinned by psycho-cinematic theory, we collected and analysed observational data alongside interviews with care home staff and discussion groups with residents. Our findings identified three ways in which film screenings benefit residents and supports social connection: prompting reminiscence; enhancing residents’ experiences in the present; and creating a shared future and intergenerational connections. The paper offers useful insights into the rich potential for film to enhance the care home community, facilitate social connectivity and promote resident wellbeing.
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20
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Haugan G, Eide WM, André B, Wu VX, Rinnan E, Taasen SE, Kuven BM, Drageset J. Joy-of-life in cognitively intact nursing home residents: the impact of the nurse-patient interaction. Scand J Caring Sci 2020; 35:208-219. [PMID: 32200564 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nursing-home population is at a high risk of declined well-being and quality of life. Finding approaches to increase well-being among older adults in nursing-homes is highly warranted. Responding to this need, the approach framed 'Joy-of-Life-Nursing-Homes' (JoLNH) was developed in Norway. AIM To investigate the association between nurse-patient interaction and joy-of-life in the nursing-home population. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected in 2017 and 2018 using the Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale and the Joy-of-Life Scale. A total of 204 cognitively intact nursing-home residents met the inclusion criteria and 188 (92%) participated. A structural equation model (SEM) of the relationship between nurse-patient interaction and joy-of-life was tested by means of STATA/MP 15.1. Ethical approval was given and each participant provided voluntarily written informed consent. RESULTS The SEM-model yielded a good fit with the data (χ2 = 162.418, p = 0.004, df = 118, χ2 /df = 1.38, RMSEA = 0.046, p-close 0.652, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, and SRMR = 0.054). As hypothesised, nurse-patient interaction related significantly with joy-of-life (γ1,1 = 0.61, t = 7.07**). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design does not allow for conclusions on causality. The fact that the researchers visited the participants to help fill in the questionnaire might have introduced some bias into the respondents' reporting. CONCLUSION Relational qualities of the nurse-patient interaction should be essential integral aspects of nursing-home care. Consequently, such qualities should be emphasised in clinical practice, and research and education should pay more attention to nurse-patient interaction as an important, integral part of the caring process promoting joy-of-life and thereby well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gørill Haugan
- NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Wenche Mjanger Eide
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Beate André
- NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vivien Xi Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eva Rinnan
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv Eriksen Taasen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Britt Moene Kuven
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jorunn Drageset
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.,University of Bergen, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Bergen, Norway
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21
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Haugan G, Drageset J, André B, Kukulu K, Mugisha J, Utvær BKS. Assessing quality of life in older adults: psychometric properties of the OPQoL-brief questionnaire in a nursing home population. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:1. [PMID: 31898546 PMCID: PMC6941243 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Well-adapted and validated quality-of-life measurement models for the nursing home population are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the psychometrical properties of the OPQoL-brief questionnaire among cognitively intact nursing home residents. The research question addressed evidence related to the dimensionality, reliability and construct validity, all of which considered interrelated measurement properties. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected during 2017–2018, in 27 nursing homes representing four different Norwegian municipalities, located in Western and Mid-Norway. The total sample comprised 188 of 204 (92% response rate) long-term nursing home residents who met the inclusion criteria: (1) municipality authority’s decision of long-term nursing home care; (2) residential time 3 months or longer; (3) informed consent competency recognized by responsible doctor and nurse; and (4) capable of being interviewed. Results Principal component analysis and confirmative factor analyses indicated a unidimensional solution. Five of the original 13 items showed low reliability and validity; excluding these items revealed a good model fit for the one-dimensional 8-items measurement model, showing good internal consistency and validity for these 8 items. Conclusion Five out of the 13 original items were not high-quality indicators of quality-of-life showing low reliability and validity in this nursing home population. Significant factor loadings, goodness-of-fit indices and significant correlations in the expected directions with the selected constructs (anxiety, depression, self-transcendence, meaning-in-life, nurse-patient interaction, and joy-of-life) supported the psychometric properties of the OPQoL-brief questionnaire. Exploring the essence of quality-of-life when residing in a nursing home is highly warranted, followed by development and validation of new tools assessing quality-of-life in this population. Such knowledge and well-adapted scales for the nursing home population are beneficial and important for the further development of care quality in nursing homes, and consequently for quality-of-life and wellbeing in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gørill Haugan
- NTNU Center for health promotion research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Jorunn Drageset
- Faculty of Health and Social Science, Western University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway.,University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Beate André
- NTNU Center for health promotion research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kamile Kukulu
- Faculty of Nursing, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - James Mugisha
- Social Worker, Kyambogo University and Butabika National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Britt Karin S Utvær
- Department of Teacher Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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22
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McHugh Power J, Hannigan C, Hyland P, Brennan S, Kee F, Lawlor BA. Depressive symptoms predict increased social and emotional loneliness in older adults. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:110-118. [PMID: 30345800 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1517728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Explorations of relationships between loneliness and depression have focused on loneliness as a uni-dimensional construct. We hypothesised that reciprocal relationships may exist between depressive symptomatology and social and emotional subtypes of loneliness.Methods: Using data from 373 adults aged over 50, who participated in an observational cohort study, we employed a cross-lagged approach within a Structural Equation Modelling framework, to investigate reciprocal links between depressive symptomatology, and social and emotional loneliness, across two waves of data collection, two years apart (controlling for age, sex, education, comorbidities, social network index, and perceived stress).Results: Both depressive symptomatology and loneliness decreased slightly between waves. Auto-regressive effects were strong for all three variables of interest. Cross-lagged pathways were evident, such that depressive symptomatology at baseline predicted both emotional (β = 0.26, p < 0.05) and social (β = 0.17, p < 0.05) loneliness at follow-up. Neither emotional (β = 0.07, p > 0.05) nor social (β = 0.05, p > 0.05) loneliness at baseline predicted depressive symptomatology at follow-up.Conclusions: Results challenge existing understanding of the associations between loneliness and depression. Further investigation of emotional and social loneliness in individuals with depressive disorders is warranted. Findings are discussed in relation to mechanisms that may explain the relationships observed, and possible implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna McHugh Power
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.,Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.,UK CRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Caoimhe Hannigan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Philip Hyland
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Sabina Brennan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Frank Kee
- UK CRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Brian A Lawlor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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23
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Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of the study is to explore feelings of loneliness among residents in assisted living facilities in terms of how loneliness is experienced and articulated, and what specific factors are related to the experiences. The study used a mixed-method approach. We individually interviewed 13 residents twice over six months. We conducted two focus group interviews and noted our observations each time we met the respondents. Data analysis leaned on abductive reasoning. The respondents described loneliness in versatile, rich ways. It proved to be time and place dependent. It was dependent on the time of day, days of the week and seasons. Lonely time was meaningless and filled with a feeling of waiting. Loneliness was also intertwined with place. None of the respondents called their apartment home; instead they called it a hospital, even a prison. They had to spend long periods of time in their apartments against their will, and their desire to interact with other residents was not met. The respondents felt invisible. Residents’ experiences of loneliness in assisted living facilities are unique and distinctive. Time- and place-dependent experiences of loneliness act as important signals for reflection on how care practices in these facilities could be more satisfying. Loneliness should therefore be a key topic and the target of prevention and interventions.
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24
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Hyland P, Shevlin M, Cloitre M, Karatzias T, Vallières F, McGinty G, Fox R, Power JM. Quality not quantity: loneliness subtypes, psychological trauma, and mental health in the US adult population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:1089-1099. [PMID: 30293176 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Loneliness is a recognised public-health concern that is traditionally regarded as a unidimensional construct. Theories of loneliness predict the existence of subtypes of loneliness. In this study, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to test for the presence of loneliness subtypes and to examine their association with multiple mental health variables. METHODS A nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 1839) completed the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, along with self-report measures of childhood and adulthood trauma, psychological wellbeing, major depression, and generalized anxiety. RESULTS When treated as a unidimensional construct, 17.1% of US adults aged 18-70 were classified as lonely. However, the LCA results identified four loneliness classes which varied quantitatively and qualitatively: 'low' (52.8%), 'social' (8.2%), 'emotional' (26.6%), and 'social and emotional' (12.4%) loneliness. The 'social and emotional' class were characterised by the highest levels of psychological distress, followed by the 'emotional' class. The 'social' loneliness class had similar mental health scores as the 'low' loneliness class. Childhood and adulthood trauma were independently related to the most distressed loneliness classes. CONCLUSIONS Current findings provide support for the presence of subtypes of loneliness and show that they have unique associations with mental health status. Recognition of these subtypes of loneliness revealed that the number of US adults aged 18-70 experiencing loneliness was twice as high as what was estimated when loneliness was conceptualized as a unidimensional construct. The perceived quality, not the quantity, of interpersonal connections was associated with poor mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Hyland
- Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,School of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Thanos Karatzias
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.,Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frédérique Vallières
- Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gráinne McGinty
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert Fox
- School of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
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25
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Hsu YC, Wright CL. The effects of a Socially Supportive Activities Program (SSAP) on mood in long term care: A pilot study. Geriatr Nurs 2019; 40:572-578. [PMID: 31174888 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a facilitated 10-week Socially Supportive Activities Program (SSAP) designed to improve mood in a geriatric institutional setting. A sample of 68 Taiwanese elders in long-term care facilities with depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (N = 35) or a control group (N = 33). Outcomes were measured before the intervention, week 1, and at week 12, one-week post intervention. In the experimental group, pre-post measurement results demonstrated significant reductions in depressive symptoms, measured by Geriatric Depression Scale, and significantly higher levels of self-transcendence, measured by the Self-Transcendence Scale. An additional post-intervention measure of mood was collected with the Apparent Emotional Rating Scale. The AERS also demonstrated a significantly higher score (better mood) in the experimental group than in the control group. This study supports the use of a structured, facilitated, well-designed social activities program like the SSAP, to enhance and improve mood in elders who live in long-term care facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chuan Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainai City, Taiwan.
| | - Cheryl L Wright
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, USA
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26
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Xiao H, Yong B, Liu X, Lin Y. A psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Nursing Home Adjustment Scale. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:2535-2542. [PMID: 31054045 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For older adults, psychological adjustment has a great impact on successfully making the transition to living in a nursing home. However, a tailored Nursing Home Adjustment Scale (NHAS) for Chinese nursing home residents is not available. The aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test properties of the NHAS for Chinese residents. METHODS A total of 425 residents were recruited from 10 nursing homes from September 2017 to February 2018 in Fujian, China, to examine the psychometrics of the NHAS Chinese version. exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was applied to evaluate the NHAS scale. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity were examined. RESULTS The final structure for the NHAS was categorized into five domains, including emotional distress, relationship development, acceptance of new residence, depressed mood, and feeling at home. The goodness-of-fit indices of ESEM supported the five-factor model with satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.87) and test-retest reliability of 0.72 for the entire scale. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the NHAS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess the level of nursing home adjustment among nursing home residents in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xiao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, NO 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Binbin Yong
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, NO 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, NO 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, NO 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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27
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Haugan G, Rinnan E, Espnes GA, Drageset J, Rannestad T, André B. Development and psychometric properties of the Joy-of-Life Scale in cognitively intact nursing home patients. Scand J Caring Sci 2019; 33:801-814. [PMID: 30866075 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop and psychometrically test the Joy-of-Life Scale. The research question addressed evidence related to the dimensionality, reliability and construct validity, all of which considered inter-related measurement properties. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected during 2017-2018, in 27 nursing homes representing four different Norwegian municipalities, located in Western and Mid-Norway. The total sample comprised 188 of 204 (92% response rate) long-term nursing home patients who met the inclusion criteria: (i) local authority's decision of long-term nursing home care; (ii) residential time 3 months or longer; (iii) informed consent competency recognised by responsible doctor and nurse; and (iv) capable of being interviewed. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmative factor analyses clearly suggested a unidimensional solution. Five of the original 18 items showed low reliability and validity; excluding these items revealed an acceptable model fit for the one-dimensional 13-item measurement model. Reliability and construct validity were acceptable, indicating good internal consistency. CONCLUSION Significant factor loadings, several goodness-of-fit indices and significant correlations in the expected directions with the selected constructs (anxiety, depression, self-transcendence, meaning-in-life, sense of coherence, nurse-patient interaction and quality of life) supported the psychometric properties of the Joy-of-Life Scale. IMPACT The 'Joy-of-Life-Nursing-Home' is a national strategy for promoting quality of life, meaning and quality of life among nursing home patients in Norway. Therefore, exploring the essence of the Joy-of-Life phenomenon and developing a measurement scale assessing joy-of-life in this population is important for the further development of care quality in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gørill Haugan
- NTNU Center for health promotion research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eva Rinnan
- NTNU Center for health promotion research, Trondheim, Norway.,NTNU Department of public health and nursing, Trondheim, Norway.,Trondheim municipality, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Arild Espnes
- NTNU Center for health promotion research, Trondheim, Norway.,NTNU Department of public health and nursing, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jorunn Drageset
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Western University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Toril Rannestad
- NTNU Center for health promotion research, Trondheim, Norway.,NTNU Department of public health and nursing, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Beate André
- NTNU Center for health promotion research, Trondheim, Norway.,NTNU Department of public health and nursing, Trondheim, Norway
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28
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Wei M, Guo L, Zhu Y, Guo Y, Yv S, Namassevayam G, Xue W, Li J, Li L, Shen Z, Yv J, Zhu Z, Wang W, Liu Y, Zhao J, Chen F. Type C Personality and Depression Among Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients: The Mediating Role of Sense of Coherence. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:3519-3529. [PMID: 31920312 PMCID: PMC6935278 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s230278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to explore the mediating role of sense of coherence in the relationship of type C personality and depression among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. METHODS A descriptive and correlational survey was conducted in 600 breast cancer patients aged ≥18 years from September 2018 to March 2019 in Zhengzhou, China. The demographic questionnaire, Cancer Behavior Scale, Sense of Coherence Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale were included in this study. Data analysis was performed by correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and structural equation modeling. RESULTS The valid questionnaires were 575 (effective response rate: 95.8%). The score of sense of coherence was negatively correlated with type C personality and depression (r = -0.41, P < 0.01; r = -0.58, P < 0.01); the score of type C personality and depression were positively correlated (r = 0.51, P < 0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the effect of type C personality on depression was partly mediated by sense of coherence, which was confirmed by structural equation modeling. The mediation effect accounts for 45.2% (0.269/0.594) of the total effect. CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed that sense of coherence as a partial mediating role is essential for reducing the influence of type C personality on depression. Early and targeted psychological interventions on sense of coherence are needed to alleviate the symptom of depression in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yvru Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyuan Yv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Genoosha Namassevayam
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Yv
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjin Liu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Medical Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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Paque K, Bastiaens H, Van Bogaert P, Dilles T. Living in a nursing home: a phenomenological study exploring residents’ loneliness and other feelings. Scand J Caring Sci 2018; 32:1477-1484. [DOI: 10.1111/scs.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Paque
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Nursing Science; Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC); University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Hilde Bastiaens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care (ELIZA); Centre for General Practice (CHA); University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Peter Van Bogaert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Nursing Science; Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC); University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Tinne Dilles
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Nursing Science; Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC); University of Antwerp; Wilrijk Belgium
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery; Thomas More University College; Lier Belgium
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative emotions, which have a common, chronic and recurrent structure, play a vital role in the development and maintenance of psychopathology. In this study, loneliness as a negative emotion was considered to be a predisposing factor in depression. AIM The aim of this meta-analysis is to determine the effect of loneliness on depression. METHOD Initially, a literature scan was performed and all related literature was pooled together ( n = 531). Based on scales determined by the researchers, it was decided to include 88 studies in the analysis. This study obtained a sampling group of 40,068 individuals. RESULTS The results of using a random effects model for analysis showed that loneliness had a moderately significant effect on depression. None of the variables of study sampling group, type of publication and publication year were found to be moderator variables. CONCLUSION According to the results of the research, loneliness may be said to be a significant variable affecting depression. The findings obtained are discussed in light of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Erzen
- 1 Department of Primary Education, Faculty of Education, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Özkan Çikrikci
- 2 Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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Kirkevold M, Kildal Bragstad L, Bronken BA, Kvigne K, Martinsen R, Gabrielsen Hjelle E, Kitzmüller G, Mangset M, Angel S, Aadal L, Eriksen S, Wyller TB, Sveen U. Promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke: study protocol for a randomized, controlled trial. BMC Psychol 2018; 6:12. [PMID: 29615136 PMCID: PMC5883408 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-018-0223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a major public health threat globally. Psychosocial well-being may be affected following stroke. Depressive symptoms, anxiety, general psychological distress and social isolation are prevalent. Approximately one third report depressive symptoms and 20% report anxiety during the first months or years after the stroke. Psychosocial difficulties may impact significantly on long-term functioning and quality of life, reduce the effects of rehabilitation services and lead to higher mortality rates. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of a previously developed and feasibility tested dialogue-based psychosocial intervention aimed at promoting psychosocial well-being and coping following stroke among stroke survivors with and without aphasia. Methods The study will be conducted as a multicenter, randomized, single blind controlled trial with one intervention and one control arm. It will include a total of 330 stroke survivors randomly allocated into either an intervention group (dialogue-based intervention to promote psychosocial well-being) or a control group (usual care). Participants in the intervention group will receive eight individual sessions of supported dialogues in their homes during the first six months following an acute stroke. The primary outcome measure will be psychosocial well-being measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Secondary outcome measures will be quality of life (SAQoL), sense of coherence (SOC), and depression (Yale). Process evaluation will be conducted in a longitudinal mixed methods study by individual qualitative interviews with 15–20 participants in the intervention and control groups, focus group interviews with the intervention personnel and data collectors, and a comprehensive analysis of implementation fidelity. Discussion The intervention described in this study protocol is based on thorough development and feasibility work, guided by the UK medical research council framework for developing and testing complex interventions. It combines classical effectiveness evaluation with a thorough process evaluation. The results from this study may inform the development of further trials aimed at promoting psychosocial well-being following stroke as well as inform the psychosocial follow up of stroke patients living at home. Trial registration NCT02338869; registered 10/04/2014 (On-going trial).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Kirkevold
- Institute of Health and Society and Research Center for habilitation and rehabilitation services and models (CHARM), University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1130, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Line Kildal Bragstad
- Institute of Health and Society and Research Center for habilitation and rehabilitation services and models (CHARM), University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1130, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit A Bronken
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O.Box 400, 2418, Elverum, Norway
| | - Kari Kvigne
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O.Box 400, 2418, Elverum, Norway
| | - Randi Martinsen
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O.Box 400, 2418, Elverum, Norway
| | - Ellen Gabrielsen Hjelle
- Institute of Health and Society and Research Center for habilitation and rehabilitation services and models (CHARM), University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1130, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriele Kitzmüller
- Faculty of Health UIT, The Arctic University of Norway, Campus, Narvik, Norway
| | - Margrete Mangset
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanne Angel
- Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 6 A, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lena Aadal
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation and Research Centre, Voldbyvej 15 8450, Hammel, Denmark
| | - Siren Eriksen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health (Ageing and Health), P. O. Box 2136, 3103, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Torgeir B Wyller
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Department. of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O box 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unni Sveen
- Dept. of Geriatric Medicine, and Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, P.O box 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
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Hweidi IM, Gharaibeh BA, Al-Obeisat SM. Adult Day Care Services: Directions for Moving Forward. INT J GERONTOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Tosangwarn S, Clissett P, Blake H. Predictors of depressive symptoms in older adults living in care homes in Thailand. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2018; 32:51-56. [PMID: 29413072 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thai culture traditionally abhors elders living in care homes due to the belief that this represents a dereliction of filial piety by their children, thus care homes are stigmatized as the domain of poor older adults with no family. This may impact negatively on psychological wellbeing of residents, although little is known about the key factors influencing depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study explores factors associated with depressive symptoms, internalised stigma, self-esteem, social support and coping strategies among older adults residing in care homes in Thailand. METHOD/DESIGN A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted with 128 older residents recruited from two care homes in Northeast Thailand. Data were collected using the 15-Item Thai Geriatric Depression Scale, Internalised Stigma of Living in a Care Home Scale, Thai Version of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Thai Version of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Coping Strategies Inventory Short-Form. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with internalised stigma, self-esteem and social support (r=0.563, -0.574 and -0.333) (p<0.001), respectively. Perceived internalised stigma of living in a care home was the strongest predictor of care home residents reporting depressive symptoms (odds ratio=9.165). DISCUSSION Older adults who perceived high internalised stigma of living in a care home were over nine times as likely to report experiencing depressive symptoms. Efforts to decrease or prevent perceived internalised stigma might help to reduce depressive symptoms. Interventions might include media collaboration, educational interventions in the care home setting and organising social activities for residents and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhathai Tosangwarn
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand; School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre (QMC), Nottingham, UK.
| | - Philip Clissett
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre (QMC), Nottingham, UK.
| | - Holly Blake
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre (QMC), Nottingham, UK.
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Bica T, Castelló R, Toussaint LL, Montesó-Curto P. Depression as a Risk Factor of Organic Diseases:An International Integrative Review. J Nurs Scholarsh 2017; 49:389-399. [PMID: 28692781 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND DESIGN This integrative review offers a systematic synthesis of the international literature regarding the role of depression as a risk factor in physical illnesses and the mechanisms of this connection. Special attention is paid to those modifiable factors. FINDINGS Published studies of depression and physical illness and disease(N = 24) from five countries that were indexed in PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), APA PsycNET, Scopus, Dialnet, and CUIDEN were examined. Results suggest that depression is a significant risk factor for the development of physical illnesses and diseases. More commonly studied were the connections between depression and cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, biochemical alterations, diabetes, dementia, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, somatization and chronic pain, asthma, arthritis, and hyperlipidemia. Less frequently studied conditions connected to depression were cancer, infections, allergies, autoimmune disease, gastric ulcer, rhinitis, thyroiditis, bronchitis, migraines, fractures, and osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS Mechanisms connecting depression to physical illness appear to involve alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, unhealthy lifestyle, chronic or acute stressors including posttraumatic stress, an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) in men, taking antidepressant medication, and social and emotional loneliness. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A good patient-provider relationship can help to promote decreased acute or chronic stressors, increased family and social support, decreased loneliness, modification of unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol, control of CRP, and antidepressant medication. Nurses are well placed to help prevent physical diseases through detection and referral of patients who are depressed or undiagnosed and not receiving adequate mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Bica
- Staff Nurse, Comarcal Mora d'Ebre Hospital, Mora d'Ebre, Spain
| | - Ruth Castelló
- Staff Nurse, Emergency Department., Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, NHS Trust, Brighton, England
| | - Loren L Toussaint
- Professor, Department of Psychology, Luther College, Decorah, IA, USA
| | - Pilar Montesó-Curto
- Professor, Department of Nursing, Rovira I Virgili University, Tortosa, Spain
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Paque K, Goossens K, Elseviers M, Van Bogaert P, Dilles T. Autonomy and social functioning of recently admitted nursing home residents. Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:910-916. [PMID: 27177229 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1181711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper examines recently admitted nursing home residents' practical autonomy, their remaining social environment and their social functioning. METHOD In a cross-sectional design, 391 newly admitted residents of 67 nursing homes participated. All respondents were ≥65 years old, had mini-mental state examination ≥18 and were living in the nursing home for at least 1 month. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and validated measuring tools. RESULTS The mean age was 84, 64% were female, 23% had a partner, 80% children, 75% grandchildren and 59% siblings. The mean social functioning score was 3/9 (or 33%) and the autonomy and importance of autonomy score 6/9 (or 67%). More autonomy was observed when residents could perform activities of daily living more independently, and cognitive functioning, quality of life and social functioning were high. Residents with depressive feelings scored lower on autonomy and social functioning compared to those without depressive feelings. Having siblings and the frequency of visits positively correlated with social functioning. In turn, social functioning correlated positively with quality of life. Moreover, a higher score on social functioning lowered the probability of depression. CONCLUSION Autonomy or self-determination and maintaining remaining social relationships were considered to be important by the new residents. The remaining social environment, social functioning, quality of life, autonomy and depressive feelings influenced each other, but the cause--effect relation was not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Paque
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science , Centre For Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium.,d VTI Institute of Nursing , Hasselt , Belgium
| | | | - Monique Elseviers
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science , Centre For Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium.,c Heymans Institute of Pharmacology , University of Ghent , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Peter Van Bogaert
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science , Centre For Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Tinne Dilles
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science , Centre For Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium.,b Department of Nursing and Midwifery , Thomas More University College , Lier , Belgium
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Tomstad S, Dale B, Sundsli K, Saevareid HI, Söderhamn U. Who often feels lonely? A cross-sectional study about loneliness and its related factors among older home-dwelling people. Int J Older People Nurs 2017; 12. [PMID: 28752653 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of individuals who often feel lonely among a sample of Norwegian older home-dwelling people aged ≥65 years old, as well as to identify any possible factors explaining their loneliness. BACKGROUND Loneliness is known to be common among older people. To identify those older adults who are lonely, and to acquire knowledge about the complexity of their loneliness, is important to provide them with adequate help and support. DESIGN This study employed a cross-sectional design. METHOD A questionnaire was mailed to a randomised sample of 6,033 older home-dwelling persons aged ≥65 years. A total of 2,052 persons returned the questionnaire and were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of questions asking whether the subjects often felt lonely or not, as well as health-related and background questions and instruments to measure the participants' sense of coherence, mental problems, nutritional screening and self-care ability. The data were analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. RESULTS A total of 11.6% of the participants reported often feeling lonely. Six factors emerged to be independently associated with often feeling lonely among the respondents: Living alone, not being satisfied with life, having mental problems, a weak sense of coherence, not having contact with neighbours and being at risk for undernutrition. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that often feeling lonely among older home-dwelling persons is a health-related problem that includes social, psychological and physical aspects. Moreover, these persons have limited resources to overcome feelings of loneliness. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Lasting loneliness among older home-dwelling persons requires an overall, person-centred and time-consuming approach by nurses. Nurses with advanced knowledge on geriatric nursing may be required to offer appropriate care and support. Healthcare leaders and politicians should offer possibilities for adequate assessment, support and help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Tomstad
- Centre for Care Research, Southern Norway, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Bjørg Dale
- Centre for Care Research, Southern Norway, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Kari Sundsli
- Centre for Care Research, Southern Norway, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Hans Inge Saevareid
- Centre for Care Research, Southern Norway, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Ulrika Söderhamn
- Centre for Care Research, Southern Norway, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
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Siniscarco MT, Love-Williams C, Burnett-Wolle S. Video Conferencing: An Intervention for Emotional Loneliness in Long-Term Care. ACTIVITIES ADAPTATION & AGING 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01924788.2017.1326763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wiesmann U, Becker ML, Hannich HJ. Positive Aging in Nursing Home Residents. GEROPSYCH-THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOPSYCHOLOGY AND GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The main objective of nursing homes is to enable their residents a good life despite their existing physical, mental, and social health problems. In this cross-sectional study, we explored the mechanisms of positive aging in nursing-home residents from a salutogenic perspective. We interviewed 190 individuals (155 women) with a mean age of M = 84.3 years (SD = 7.60) and assessed selected resistance resources (subjective age, social network characteristics), the sense of coherence, and positive aging (psychological health and subjective well-being). The sense of coherence fully mediated perceived availability of social support and a younger age identification effects on positive aging. In line with salutogenic theory, it represents a superordinate concept which pools resource influences on positive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Wiesmann
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Becker
- Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
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Stickley A, Santini ZI, Koyanagi A. Urinary incontinence, mental health and loneliness among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland. BMC Urol 2017; 17:29. [PMID: 28388898 PMCID: PMC5385037 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-017-0214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urinary incontinence (UI) is associated with worse health among older adults. Little is known however, about its relation with loneliness or the role of mental health in this association. This study examined these factors among older adults in Ireland. Methods Data were analyzed from 6903 community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 50 collected in the first wave of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) in 2009–11. Information was obtained on the self-reported occurrence (yes/no) and severity (frequency/activity limitations) of UI in the past 12 months. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale short form. Information was also obtained on depression (CES-D), anxiety (HADS-A) and other sociodemographic variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between variables. Results In a model adjusted for all potential confounders except mental disorders, compared to no UI, any UI was associated with significantly higher odds for loneliness (odds ratio: 1.51). When depression was included in the analysis, the association was attenuated and became non-significant while the inclusion of anxiety had a much smaller effect. Similarly, although frequency of UI and activity limitations due to UI were both significantly associated with loneliness prior to adjustment for mental disorders, neither association remained significant after adjustment for both depression and anxiety. Conclusion UI is associated with higher odds for loneliness among older community-dwelling adults but this association is largely explained by comorbid mental health problems, in particular, depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stickley
- The Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, 141 89, Sweden.
| | - Ziggi Ivan Santini
- The Danish National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Oester Farimagsgade 5A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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Drageset J, Eide GE, Hauge S. Symptoms of depression, sadness and sense of coherence (coping) among cognitively intact older people with cancer living in nursing homes-a mixed-methods study. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2096. [PMID: 27330859 PMCID: PMC4906642 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of depression are often reported among patients with a cancer diagnosis. Strong sense of coherence (SOC) is shown to be associated with less depression in the general older population and among nursing homes (NH) residents in particular. Knowledge about mixed-methods perspectives that examine symptoms of depression and SOC among cognitively intact NH residents with cancer is scarce. AIM To investigate symptoms of depression and SOC among NH residents who are cognitively intact and have cancer. METHODS We used a quantitatively driven mixed-methods design with sequential supplementary qualitative components. We facilitated the collection of quantitative survey data of 60 NH residents (≥ 65 years) with cancer using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and SOC scale. The supplementary psychosocial component comprised qualitative research interviews about experiences related to depression with nine respondents from the same cohort. RESULTS In fully adjusted multiple regression analysis of the sociodemographic variables, the GDS was significantly correlated with SOC (P < 0.001). The experience of sadness was identified by the following theme: sadness. Coping with the experience of symptoms of depression was dominated by coping with sadness. CONCLUSION More than half the NH residents reported symptoms of depression, and the SOC was associated with reduced symptoms. A mixed-methods design contributed to nuanced and detailed information about the meaning of depression, and the supplementary component informs and supports the core component. To improve the situation of NH residents with cancer, more attention should be paid to the residents' experience of symptoms of depression and their SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Drageset
- Faculity of Health and Social Science, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Egil Eide
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research, Western Norway Health Region Authority, Bergen, Norway
| | - Solveig Hauge
- Faculty of Health and Social Studies and Centre for Caring Research–Southern Norway, Unversity College of Southeast, Porsgrunn, Norway
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Helvik AS, Bjørkløf GH, Corazzini K, Selbæk G, Laks J, Østbye T, Engedal K. Are coping strategies and locus of control orientation associated with health-related quality of life in older adults with and without depression? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 64:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sense of Coherence among Older Adult Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146912. [PMID: 26751949 PMCID: PMC4709091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence shows that sense of coherence (SOC) is related to health promotion. Knowledge of SOC among older adults in Taiwan is limited. The present study aimed to investigate SOC status and its relationship to personal and environmental factors among older adult residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in northeastern Taiwan. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in Yilan, Taiwan. With face-to-face interviews, we obtained data from 104 LTCF residents (aged 65 years and older) using the Chinese version of Antonovsky's short 13-item SOC scale. We also collected the information on personal characteristics, physical and social environmental resources. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze factors potentially influencing SOC. Results Of the participants, the mean score (±standard deviation) of SOC was 58.3 (±8.8), while scores on SOC subscales (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness) were 23.4 ±4.5, 17.9 ±3.8, and 17.0 ±3.2, respectively. Education level, activities of daily living and number of LTCF staff were found to be independently associated with SOC status after adjusting for demographic characteristics, health status, and environmental resources. In addition, interactions between personal and environmental factors had a crucial influence on SOC status. Conclusions Participants in this study had relatively low SOC scores compared to their counterparts in Western countries. In addition to personal factors, environmental factors can play a significant role in SOC status among older adult LTCF residents. Comprehensive evaluation of SOC status should consider person-environment interaction effects.
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Kirchhoff JW, Grøndahl VA, Andersen KL. Betydningen av sosiale nettverk og kvalitet på pleien for opplevelse av ensomhet blant brukere av hjemmesykepleie. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.18261/issn1892-2686-2015-03-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Drageset J, Haugan G. Psychometric properties of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire in nursing home residents. Scand J Caring Sci 2015; 30:623-30. [PMID: 26331368 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Older residents of nursing homes have several illnesses and face various challenges regarding losses of physical and mental functioning. Thus, coping and the quality of life are vital aspects in long-term care. Sense of coherence is considered an important resource for coping and the quality of life, and sense of coherence therefore needs to be validly and reliably measured in this population. We investigated the dimensionality, reliability and construct validity of the Orientation to Life Questionnaire in assessing sense of coherence among cognitively intact nursing home (NH) residents. METHODS We collected cross-sectional data from 227 cognitively intact NH residents (30 NHs) with one-on-one interviews. We performed confirmative factor analysis and correlations with the selected construct. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In accordance with the salutogenic theory of sense of coherence, the three-factor model revealed the best fit to our data. In particular, item OLQ2, defined as 'concerns the experience of being surprised by the behaviour of people whom you know well', seemed troublesome. Removing this item resulted in good fit to the present data. Rewording or deleting item OLQ2 seems needed to get a reliable instrument measuring sense of coherence among nursing home residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Drageset
- Faculty of Nursing, Bergen University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gørill Haugan
- Faculty of Nursing, Sør-Trøndelag University College, PhD candidate at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Peerenboom L, Collard RM, Naarding P, Comijs HC. The association between depression and emotional and social loneliness in older persons and the influence of social support, cognitive functioning and personality: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2015; 182:26-31. [PMID: 25965692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between old age depression and emotional and social loneliness. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed using data from the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons (NESDO). A total of 341 participants diagnosed with a depressive disorder, and 125 non-depressed participants were included. Depression diagnosis was confirmed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Emotional and social loneliness were assessed using the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale. Socio-demographic variables, social support variables, depression characteristics (Inventory of Depressive Symptoms), cognitive functioning (Mini Mental State Examination) and personality factors (the NEO- Five Factor Inventory and the Pearlin Mastery Scale) were considered as possible explanatory factors or confounders. (Multiple) logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Depression was strongly associated with emotional loneliness, but not with social loneliness. A higher sense of neuroticism and lower sense of mastery were the most important explanatory factors. Also, we found several other explanatory and confounding factors in the association of depression and emotional loneliness; a lower sense of extraversion and higher severity of depression. LIMITATIONS We performed a cross-sectional observational study. Therefore we cannot add evidence in regard to causation; whether depression leads to loneliness or vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Depression in older persons is strongly associated with emotional loneliness but not with social loneliness. Several personality traits and the severity of depression are important in regard to the association of depression and emotional loneliness. It is important to develop interventions in which both can be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peerenboom
- Department of Psychiatry, Pro Persona, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - R M Collard
- Departement of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P Naarding
- Department of Old-age Psychiatry, GGNet, Apeldoon/Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - H C Comijs
- GGZinGeest/VU University Medical Center/Department Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Murayama Y, Ohba H, Yasunaga M, Nonaka K, Takeuchi R, Nishi M, Sakuma N, Uchida H, Shinkai S, Fujiwara Y. The effect of intergenerational programs on the mental health of elderly adults. Aging Ment Health 2015; 19:306-14. [PMID: 25010219 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.933309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of an intergenerational program on elderly persons' symptoms of depressive mood and in improving their sense of coherence, which is an element for successful coping with stressors. METHOD We evaluated an intervention research project (Research of Productivity by Intergenerational Sympathy [REPRINTS]), in which volunteers >65 years old read picture books to children in a school setting. The intervention group (REPRINTS) was recruited through intensive weekly training seminars for three months. The no-contact control group members were also recreated to participate in health checks and surveys for data collection purposes. Eventually, 26 participants in the intervention group and 54 in the control group were included for data analysis. RESULTS The age or gender was not significantly different between the intervention and control groups. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA shows a time × group significant interaction effects. Analyses of the simple main effects showed that sense of meaningfulness significantly increased for members of the intervention group at all terms, with no changes in the control group over time. Multiple mediation analysis revealed that participation in the intergenerational program was associated with a sense of manageability which was also significantly related to depressive mood. CONCLUSION Intergenerational programs could serve as key health promoters among elderly people by decreasing the risk of social isolation and loneliness due to the greater sense of meaningfulness. However, given our limited sample size, generalizability was restricted and studies with larger cohorts are required to further validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Murayama
- a Research Teams for Social Participation and Community Health , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology , Tokyo , Japan
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Michielsen M, Comijs HC, Aartsen MJ, Semeijn EJ, Beekman ATF, Deeg DJH, Kooij JJS. The relationships between ADHD and social functioning and participation in older adults in a population-based study. J Atten Disord 2015; 19:368-79. [PMID: 24378286 DOI: 10.1177/1087054713515748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between ADHD and social functioning and participation among older adults. METHOD Data were used from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). In 2008/2009, respondents were asked about social functioning and participation. A diagnostic interview to diagnose ADHD was administered among a subsample (N = 231, age 60-94 years). ADHD diagnosis and level of ADHD symptoms were assessed. RESULTS ADHD diagnosis was associated with being divorced/never married, having less family members in their network, and emotional loneliness. Level of ADHD symptoms was associated with more emotional support given, emotional and social loneliness, greater recreational social participation, and lower income level. CONCLUSION ADHD in old age is related to being divorced/never married and loneliness but not to work participation. Psycho geriatric practices should direct their attention to loneliness when treating ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Michielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands Expertise Centre Adult ADHD, PsyQ, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Hannie C Comijs
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marja J Aartsen
- Department of Sociology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evert J Semeijn
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands Expertise Centre Adult ADHD, PsyQ, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Aartjan T F Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorly J H Deeg
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Consequences of interaction of functional, somatic, mental and social problems in community-dwelling older people. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121013. [PMID: 25898203 PMCID: PMC4405543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the combination of four common health problems in older people and whether problems on four domains result in an additional effect on indicators of poor health. For this purpose, a total of 2681 participants (32% male, mean age 82 years) of the Integrated Systematic Care for Older People (ISCOPE) study were screened on the presence of health problems on four domains (functional, somatic, mental, social) with the postal ISCOPE questionnaire. Extensive interview data on health indicators were obtained at baseline and at 12-months follow-up, including disability (Groningen Activities Restriction Scale, GARS), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale-15, GDS), loneliness (loneliness scale of De Jong Gierveld), and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D). General practitioner (GP) contact time (min/year) was estimated via GP electronic medical records. Of the study population, 9% had no health problems according to the screening, 8% had problems on one domain, 27% on two, 38% on three and 18% on four domains. At baseline, the number of health domains with problems was associated with poorer scores on the GARS, the MMSE, the GDS-15, the loneliness scale, the EQ-5D and with more GP contact time (p <0.001). Problems on all four domains had an additional negative effect on these health indicators (all pinteraction <0.001). At follow-up, an increased number of domains with problems was associated with an increased decline in health indicators (all p<0.001) and with an additional negative effect on GP contact time of the presence of problems on all four domains (pinteraction <0.001). We conclude that combinations of functional, somatic, mental and social problems are associated with poor health indicators in community-dwelling older people. Since problems on four domains have an additional effect on health, individuals with combined functional, somatic, mental and social problems could benefit from integrated care.
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Iden KR, Ruths S, Hjørleifsson S. Residents' perceptions of their own sadness--a qualitative study in Norwegian nursing homes. BMC Geriatr 2015; 15:21. [PMID: 25888453 PMCID: PMC4356108 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-015-0019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood symptoms are highly prevalent among frail old people residing in nursing homes. Systematic diagnostics of depression is scarce, and treatment is not always in accordance with best evidence. The distinction between non-pathological sadness and depression may be challenging, and we know little of the older peoples' perspectives. The aim of this qualitative interview study was to explore residents' perceptions of their own sadness. METHODS We performed individual, semi-structured interviews with twelve older people residing in nursing homes with no dementia. The interview guide comprised questions on what made the informants sad and what prevented sadness. We recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed the interviews using systematic text condensation. RESULTS The interviews revealed three main themes. I. Decay and loss of agency. The informants perceived their sadness to be caused by loss of health and functional ability, reliance on long-term care, dysfunctional technical aids and poor care. II. Loneliness in the middle of the crowd. Loss of family and friends, and lack of conversations with staff members and fellow patients were also sources of sadness. III. Relating and identity. The informants kept sadness at bay through: acceptance and re-orientation to their current life situation, maintaining narratives about their identity and belonging, and religiosity. CONCLUSIONS Nursing home nurses and doctors should identify and respond to sadness that is a rational response to manageable causes. Further, identifying and supporting residents' resources and coping strategies is a salutogenetic approach that may alleviate sadness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Riis Iden
- Research Unit for General Practice, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sabine Ruths
- Research Unit for General Practice, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Stefan Hjørleifsson
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Takegata M, Haruna M, Matsuzaki M, Shiraishi M, Okano T, Severinsson E. Antenatal fear of childbirth and sense of coherence among healthy pregnant women in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2014; 17:403-9. [PMID: 24493148 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-014-0415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
While antenatal fear of childbirth (FOC) has been associated with many psychosocial variables, few studies have focused on individual stress resiliency. Sense of coherence (SOC) is one of the essential components of individual stress resiliency. This study investigates the relationship between antenatal FOC and SOC in Japanese healthy pregnant women. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to 240 women at 37 gestational weeks at an obstetric clinic in Tokyo, Japan. Structural regression modeling was conducted to identify the causal relationships between FOC and SOC. The non-recursive model showed significant acceptance of fit (chi-square value/degree of freedom = 1.72, comparative fit index = 0.97, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.05). The model identified SOC as a direct cause of FOC (β = -0.89, p < 0.001), not a reflection of FOC. We found that SOC was negatively linked with antenatal fear of childbirth. High SOC works as a resiliency factor that helps pregnant women cope with the stress of their upcoming childbirth and reduces FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Takegata
- Department of Midwifery and Women's Health, Division of Health Sciences & Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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