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Brown HD, Boonme K, Imrhan V, Juma S, Vijayagopal P, Prasad C. Should 'Omics' education be a part of allied health profession curricula? Genomics 2019; 112:169-173. [PMID: 30735794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sequencing of human genome followed by monumental progress in omics sciences within last two decades has made personalized nutrition for better health is a reality for near future. The complexity of underlying science in making personalized nutrition recommendation has led to the need for training of health care providers. The International Society of Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics (ISNN) has mission to increase the understanding among both professionals and the general public of the role of genetic variation and nutrients in gene expression. To bring this mission to fruition, we need trained healthcare professionals ready to educate public. With this in mind, we have surveyed allied health students for their omics knowledge, desire to learn more and their perception of the need of omics education. The results show a need for training in omics in all allied health disciplines and desire of the students to learn more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadley D Brown
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | | | - Victorine Imrhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Shanil Juma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Parakat Vijayagopal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Chandan Prasad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA; Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Langley G, Austin CP, Balapure AK, Birnbaum LS, Bucher JR, Fentem J, Fitzpatrick SC, Fowle JR, Kavlock RJ, Kitano H, Lidbury BA, Muotri AR, Peng SQ, Sakharov D, Seidle T, Trez T, Tonevitsky A, van de Stolpe A, Whelan M, Willett C. Lessons from Toxicology: Developing a 21st-Century Paradigm for Medical Research. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:A268-72. [PMID: 26523530 PMCID: PMC4629751 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1510345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical developments in the 21st century provide an unprecedented opportunity to gain a dynamic systems-level and human-specific understanding of the causes and pathophysiologies of disease. This understanding is a vital need, in view of continuing failures in health research, drug discovery, and clinical translation. The full potential of advanced approaches may not be achieved within a 20th-century conceptual framework dominated by animal models. Novel technologies are being integrated into environmental health research and are also applicable to disease research, but these advances need a new medical research and drug discovery paradigm to gain maximal benefits. We suggest a new conceptual framework that repurposes the 21st-century transition underway in toxicology. Human disease should be conceived as resulting from integrated extrinsic and intrinsic causes, with research focused on modern human-specific models to understand disease pathways at multiple biological levels that are analogous to adverse outcome pathways in toxicology. Systems biology tools should be used to integrate and interpret data about disease causation and pathophysiology. Such an approach promises progress in overcoming the current roadblocks to understanding human disease and successful drug discovery and translation. A discourse should begin now to identify and consider the many challenges and questions that need to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Langley
- Research and Toxicology Department, Humane Society International, London, United Kingdom
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De Vilder EYG, Hosen MJ, Vanakker OM. The ABCC6 Transporter as a Paradigm for Networking from an Orphan Disease to Complex Disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:648569. [PMID: 26356190 PMCID: PMC4555454 DOI: 10.1155/2015/648569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge on the genetic etiology of complex disorders largely results from the study of rare monogenic disorders. Often these common and rare diseases show phenotypic overlap, though monogenic diseases generally have a more extreme symptomatology. ABCC6, the gene responsible for pseudoxanthoma elasticum, an autosomal recessive ectopic mineralization disorder, can be considered a paradigm gene with relevance that reaches far beyond this enigmatic orphan disease. Indeed, common traits such as chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular disorders have been linked to the ABCC6 gene. While during the last decade the awareness of the wide ramifications of ABCC6 has increased significantly, the gene itself and the transmembrane transporter it encodes have not unveiled all of the mysteries that surround them. To gain more insights, multiple approaches are being used including next-generation sequencing, computational methods, and various "omics" technologies. Much effort is made to place the vast amount of data that is gathered in an integrated system-biological network; the involvement of ABCC6 in common disorders provides a good view on the wide implications and potential of such a network. In this review, we summarize the network approaches used to study ABCC6 and the role of this gene in several complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Y. G. De Vilder
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Jakir Hosen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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Bancroft EK, Castro E, Ardern-Jones A, Moynihan C, Page E, Taylor N, Eeles RA, Rowley E, Cox K. "It's all very well reading the letters in the genome, but it's a long way to being able to write": Men's interpretations of undergoing genetic profiling to determine future risk of prostate cancer. Fam Cancer 2014; 13:625-35. [PMID: 24980079 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A family history of prostate cancer (PC) is one of the main risk factors for the disease. A number of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that confer small but cumulatively substantial risks of PC have been identified, opening the possibility for the use of SNPs in PC risk stratification for targeted screening and prevention in the future. The objective of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of receiving information about genetic risk of PC. The participants were men who had a family history of PC and were enrolled in a screening study providing research genetic profiling alongside screening for PC. A combination of questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used. Questionnaires were completed by men at two time points: both before and after joining the study and going through the genetic profiling process. The interviews were completed after all study process were complete and were analysed using a framework analysis. In total 95 men completed both questionnaires and 26 men were interviewed. A number of issues facing men at risk of PC were identified. The results fell into two main categories: personal relevance and societal relevance. The strength of men's innate beliefs about their risk, shaped by genetic and environmental assumptions, outweigh the information provided by genetic testing. Men felt genetic profile results would have future use for accessing prostate screening, being aware of symptoms and in communicating with others. The findings reinforce the importance of providing contextual information alongside genetic profiling test results, and emphasises the importance of the counselling process in providing genetic risk information. This research raises some key issues to facilitate clinical practice and future research related to the use of genetic profiling to determine risk of PC and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Bancroft
- Cancer Genetics Unit and Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, London, SM2 5PT, UK,
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Abstract
Developments in genomics continue to increase the number of disorders for which genetic testing is available, whether in the primary healthcare system, through direct-to-consumer testing, or as part of expanded newborn screening panels. This paper reviews a robust literature on public attitudes toward genetics and genetic testing. In general, attitudes are positive about genetic research and new genomic technologies, with majorities indicating an interest in genetic testing. However, complex beliefs comprise the public's thinking about genetics. Attitudes are driven by beliefs about the type of genetic research, the personal and clinical utility of tests, and the area of genetics in which testing is applied. Limitations of current research are noted and suggestions made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Etchegary
- Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, Room H1407, Level 1, Health Sciences Centre, 300 Prince Phillip Drive, St John's, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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Weng ZQ, Saatchi M, Schnabel RD, Taylor JF, Garrick DJ. Recombination locations and rates in beef cattle assessed from parent-offspring pairs. Genet Sel Evol 2014; 46:34. [PMID: 24885305 PMCID: PMC4071795 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-46-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombination events tend to occur in hotspots and vary in number among individuals. The presence of recombination influences the accuracy of haplotype phasing and the imputation of missing genotypes. Genes that influence genome-wide recombination rate have been discovered in mammals, yeast, and plants. Our aim was to investigate the influence of recombination on haplotype phasing, locate recombination hotspots, scan the genome for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and identify candidate genes that influence recombination, and quantify the impact of recombination on the accuracy of genotype imputation in beef cattle. METHODS 2775 Angus and 1485 Limousin parent-verified sire/offspring pairs were genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 chip. Haplotype phasing was performed with DAGPHASE and BEAGLE using UMD3.1 assembly SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) coordinates. Recombination events were detected by comparing the two reconstructed chromosomal haplotypes inherited by each offspring with those of their sires. Expected crossover probabilities were estimated assuming no interference and a binomial distribution for the frequency of crossovers. The BayesB approach for genome-wide association analysis implemented in the GenSel software was used to identify genomic regions harboring QTL with large effects on recombination. BEAGLE was used to impute Angus genotypes from a 7K subset to the 50K chip. RESULTS DAGPHASE was superior to BEAGLE in haplotype phasing, which indicates that linkage information from relatives can improve its accuracy. The estimated genetic length of the 29 bovine autosomes was 3097 cM, with a genome-wide recombination distance averaging 1.23 cM/Mb. 427 and 348 windows containing recombination hotspots were detected in Angus and Limousin, respectively, of which 166 were in common. Several significant SNPs and candidate genes, which influence genome-wide recombination were localized in QTL regions detected in the two breeds. High-recombination rates hinder the accuracy of haplotype phasing and genotype imputation. CONCLUSIONS Small population sizes, inadequate half-sib family sizes, recombination, gene conversion, genotyping errors, and map errors reduce the accuracy of haplotype phasing and genotype imputation. Candidate regions associated with recombination were identified in both breeds. Recombination analysis may improve the accuracy of haplotype phasing and genotype imputation from low- to high-density SNP panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qing Weng
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Mahdi Saatchi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Robert D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jeremy F Taylor
- Division of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dorian J Garrick
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Defects in tendon, ligament, and enthesis in response to genetic alterations in key proteoglycans and glycoproteins: a review. ARTHRITIS 2013; 2013:154812. [PMID: 24324885 PMCID: PMC3842050 DOI: 10.1155/2013/154812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the genetic alterations and knockdown approaches published in the literature to assess the role of key proteoglycans and glycoproteins in the structural development, function, and repair of tendon, ligament, and enthesis. The information was collected from (i) genetically altered mice, (ii) in vitro knockdown studies, (iii) genetic variants predisposition to injury, and (iv) human genetic diseases. The genes reviewed are for small leucine-rich proteoglycans (lumican, fibromodulin, biglycan, decorin, and asporin); dermatan sulfate epimerase (Dse) that alters structure of glycosaminoglycan and hence the function of small leucine-rich proteoglycans by converting glucuronic to iduronic acid; matricellular proteins (thrombospondin 2, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc), periostin, and tenascin X) including human tenascin C variants; and others, such as tenomodulin, leukocyte cell derived chemotaxin 1 (chondromodulin-I, ChM-I), CD44 antigen (Cd44), lubricin (Prg4), and aggrecan degrading gene, a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 5 (Adamts5). Understanding these genes represents drug targets for disrupting pathological mechanisms that lead to tendinopathy, ligamentopathy, enthesopathy, enthesitis and tendon/ligament injury, that is, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
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Dondorp WJ, de Wert GMWR. The 'thousand-dollar genome': an ethical exploration. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21 Suppl 1:S6-26. [PMID: 23677179 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing an individual's complete genome is expected to be possible for a relatively low sum 'one thousand dollars' within a few years. Sequencing refers to determining the order of base pairs that make up the genome. The result is a library of three billion letter combinations. Cheap whole-genome sequencing is of greatest importance to medical scientific research. Comparing individual complete genomes will lead to a better understanding of the contribution genetic variation makes to health and disease. As knowledge increases, the 'thousand-dollar genome' will also become increasingly important to healthcare. The applications that come within reach raise a number of ethical questions. This monitoring report addresses the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wybo J Dondorp
- Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Research Institutes CAPHRI and GROW, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Cox AJ, Moscovis SM, Blackwell CC, Scott RJ. Cytokine gene polymorphism among Indigenous Australians. Innate Immun 2013; 20:431-9. [PMID: 23940076 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913498911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The health profile of Indigenous Australians is characterised by high rates of classic 'lifestyle' diseases. Potential roles of inflammation in pathophysiology of these diseases requires investigation. It is not clear if genetic regulation of inflammation in Indigenous Australians is similar to other populations. This study characterised frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for eight cytokine genes for 100 individuals from a remote Indigenous Australian community and assessed novel genetic variants in four cytokine genes. We used a commercially-available allelic discrimination assay for SNP genotyping; re-sequencing was undertaken by standard Sanger sequencing methodologies for 26 samples. Frequencies of cytokine gene SNPs differed significantly from the Caucasian population (P < 0.001-0.044). Twenty-five novel variants were identified across four re-sequenced genes; frequencies ranged from <5% to 100%. Genotype frequencies observed in Indigenous Australians did not consistently resemble reported HapMap frequencies in Northern and Western European populations, Yoruba Nigerian or Han Chinese. Our findings indicate Indigenous Australians might have an inherited propensity for strong inflammatory responses. Preliminary evidence of novel genetic variants highlights the need to catalogue the extent of genetic variation in specific population groups. Improved understanding of differences in genetic variation between specific population groups could assist in assessment of risk for lifestyle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Cox
- 1Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphism is associated with the outcome of trauma patients in Chinese Han population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 70:954-8. [PMID: 20805766 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3181e88adf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a major role in the sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction secondary to major trauma. The purpose of this article was to research the clinical relevance of the TNF gene polymorphism in patients with major trauma. METHODS Three hundred six patients with major trauma were prospectively recruited. The TNF gene polymorphisms were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Plasma TNF-α levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sepsis morbidity rate and multiple organ dysfunction scores were accessed. RESULTS The TNF-α/-308 polymorphism was shown to be well associated with increased capacity of peripheral leukocytes to produce TNF-α in response to ex vivo lipopolysaccharide stimulation in trauma patients at admission. Results from association study indicated that trauma patients carrying the TNF-α/-308/A allele were more likely complicated with sepsis. CONCLUSIONS The TNF-α/-308 polymorphism might be used as a biomarker for the assessment of outcome of trauma patients, but the TNF-β/252 gene polymorphism might not influence the development of complications in patients with major trauma.
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Kifagi C, Makni K, Boudawara M, Mnif F, Hamza N, Abid M, Granier C, Ayadi H. Association of Genetic Variations in TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, LOC387761, and EXT2 with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tunisia. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 15:399-405. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chamseddine Kifagi
- “Targets for Diagnosis and Therapeutic in the Human Pathology” Research Unit, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratoire International Associé N° 135, “Gènes et protéines dans les maladies multigéniques,” Sfax (Tunisia)/Montpellier (France)
| | - Kaouthar Makni
- “Targets for Diagnosis and Therapeutic in the Human Pathology” Research Unit, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratoire International Associé N° 135, “Gènes et protéines dans les maladies multigéniques,” Sfax (Tunisia)/Montpellier (France)
| | | | - Fatma Mnif
- Department of Endocrinology, Hédi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Hamza
- Laboratory of Analyses, Social National Case of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouhamed Abid
- Department of Endocrinology, Hédi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Claude Granier
- Laboratoire International Associé N° 135, “Gènes et protéines dans les maladies multigéniques,” Sfax (Tunisia)/Montpellier (France)
- SysDiag CNRS UMR3145, Montpellier, France
| | - Hammadi Ayadi
- “Targets for Diagnosis and Therapeutic in the Human Pathology” Research Unit, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratoire International Associé N° 135, “Gènes et protéines dans les maladies multigéniques,” Sfax (Tunisia)/Montpellier (France)
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Becker F, van El CG, Ibarreta D, Zika E, Hogarth S, Borry P, Cambon-Thomsen A, Cassiman JJ, Evers-Kiebooms G, Hodgson S, Janssens ACJW, Kaariainen H, Krawczak M, Kristoffersson U, Lubinski J, Patch C, Penchaszadeh VB, Read A, Rogowski W, Sequeiros J, Tranebjaerg L, van Langen IM, Wallace H, Zimmern R, Schmidtke J, Cornel MC. Genetic testing and common disorders in a public health framework: how to assess relevance and possibilities. Background Document to the ESHG recommendations on genetic testing and common disorders. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 19 Suppl 1:S6-44. [PMID: 21412252 PMCID: PMC3327518 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Becker
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Human Genetics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carla G van El
- Department of Clinical Genetics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dolores Ibarreta
- IPTS Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Seville, Spain
| | - Eleni Zika
- IPTS Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Seville, Spain
| | - Stuart Hogarth
- Department of Social Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Pascal Borry
- Department of Clinical Genetics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Medical Humanities and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Cambon-Thomsen
- Inserm, U 558, Department of Epidemiology, Health Economics and Public Health, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Gerry Evers-Kiebooms
- Psychosocial Genetics Unit University Hospitals, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shirley Hodgson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - A Cécile J W Janssens
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Andrew Read
- Division of Human Development, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Wolf Rogowski
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- IBMC – Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, and ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lisbeth Tranebjaerg
- Department of Audiology, H:S Bispebjerg Hospital and Wilhelm Johannsen Centre of Functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene M van Langen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Wallace
- GeneWatch UK, The Mill House, Tideswell, Derbyshire, UK
| | - Ron Zimmern
- PHG Foundation, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jörg Schmidtke
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Human Genetics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina C Cornel
- Department of Clinical Genetics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Survival in common cancers defined by risk and survival of family members. Oncol Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12156-010-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Schanze D, Ekici AB, Gawlik M, Pfuhlmann B, Reis A, Stöber G. Evaluation of risk loci for schizophrenia derived from genome-wide association studies in a German population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156:198-203. [PMID: 21302348 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the genome-wide association study (GWAS) on schizophrenia [O'Donovan et al. (2008); Nat Genet 40:1053–1055] a UK-sample of 479 cases with DSM-IV schizophrenia was genotyped in comparison to control subjects with follow up of 12 putative loci in international replication sets of approximately 15,000 cases and controls. In these cohorts and a combined bipolar and schizophrenia UK-sample, six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) supported association, with the strongest evidence for SNP-marker rs1344706 at the zinc finger ZNF804A locus on chromosome 2q32.1 (P = 1.61 × 10−7). We attempted replication of these findings in a German population of 2,154 individuals (632 with affective disorders, 937 with schizophrenia, and 585 controls), but found none of the GWAS risk alleles significantly associated with psychosis. Particularly rs1344706, initially surpassing the genome-wide significance level in an extended phenotype of schizophrenia and affective disorder, produced consistently negative results. At the ZNF804A locus estimated Odds ratios reached 1.08 (0.93–1.26 95% CI) for the schizophrenia sample and 1.04 (0.90–1.20 95% CI) for the combined set of cases with schizophrenia and affective disorder. The main limitation of our study may be the reduced power of the sample size, but our data may be useful for future meta-analysis of GWA data sets. Although GWAS have proven extraordinary successful in identifying susceptibility genes for complex genetic disorders, the hypothesis of common genetic variants in the complex group of the schizophrenic psychoses with small effect size but relatively high frequency is still put to further scrutiny.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Beery TA, Smith CR. Genetics/Genomics Advances to Influence Care for Patients with Chronic Disease. Rehabil Nurs 2011; 36:54-9, 88. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2048-7940.2011.tb00066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kerr SM, Liewald DCM, Campbell A, Taylor K, Wild SH, Newby D, Turner M, Porteous DJ. Generation Scotland: Donor DNA Databank; A control DNA resource. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:166. [PMID: 21092308 PMCID: PMC3002899 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many medical disorders of public health importance are complex diseases caused by multiple genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Recent technological advances have made it possible to analyse the genetic variants that predispose to complex diseases. Reliable detection of these variants requires genome-wide association studies in sufficiently large numbers of cases and controls. This approach is often hampered by difficulties in collecting appropriate control samples. The Generation Scotland: Donor DNA Databank (GS:3D) aims to help solve this problem by providing a resource of control DNA and plasma samples accessible for research. METHODS GS:3D participants were recruited from volunteer blood donors attending Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service (SNBTS) clinics across Scotland. All participants gave full written consent for GS:3D to take spare blood from their normal donation. Participants also supplied demographic data by completing a short questionnaire. RESULTS Over five thousand complete sets of samples, data and consent forms were collected. DNA and plasma were extracted and stored. The data and samples were unlinked from their original SNBTS identifier number. The plasma, DNA and demographic data are available for research. New data obtained from analysis of the resource will be fed back to GS:3D and will be made available to other researchers as appropriate. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment of blood donors is an efficient and cost-effective way of collecting thousands of control samples. Because the collection is large, subsets of controls can be selected, based on age range, gender, and ethnic or geographic origin. The GS:3D resource should reduce time and expense for investigators who would otherwise have had to recruit their own controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona M Kerr
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK.
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Sedor JR, Freedman BI. Genetics and the kidney: promise, potential, and challenges. Introduction. Semin Nephrol 2010; 30:99-100. [PMID: 20347639 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R Sedor
- Department of Medicine, CWRU Center for the Study of Kidney Disease and Biology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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McBride CM, Koehly LM, Sanderson SC, Kaphingst KA. The behavioral response to personalized genetic information: will genetic risk profiles motivate individuals and families to choose more healthful behaviors? Annu Rev Public Health 2010; 31:89-103. [PMID: 20070198 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the use of information emerging from genetic discovery to motivate risk-reducing health behaviors. Most research to date has evaluated the effects of information related to rare genetic variants on screening behaviors, in which genetic risk feedback has been associated consistently with improved screening adherence. The limited research with common genetic variants suggests that genetic information, when based on single-gene variants with low-risk probabilities, has little impact on behavior. The effect on behavioral outcomes of more realistic testing scenarios in which genetic risk is based on numerous genetic variants is largely unexplored. Little attention has been directed to matching genetic information to the literacy levels of target audiences. Another promising area for research is consideration of using genetic information to identify risk shared within kinship networks and to expand the influence of behavior change beyond the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M McBride
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Bancroft EK. Genetic testing for cancer predisposition and implications for nursing practice: narrative review. J Adv Nurs 2010; 66:710-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Schulze TG. Genetic research into bipolar disorder: the need for a research framework that integrates sophisticated molecular biology and clinically informed phenotype characterization. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2010; 33:67-82. [PMID: 20159340 PMCID: PMC2824617 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Research into the genetic basis of bipolar disorder (BD) has reached a turning point. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), encompassing several thousand samples, have produced replicated evidence for some novel susceptibility genes; however, the genetic variants implicated so far account for only a fraction of disease liability, a phenomenon not limited to psychiatric phenotypes but characteristic of all complex genetic traits studied to date. It appears that pure genomic approaches, such as GWAS alone, will not suffice to unravel the genetic basis of a complex illness like BD. Genomic approaches will need to be complemented by a variety of strategies, including phenomics, epigenomics, pharmacogenomics, and neurobiology, as well as the study of environmental factors. This review highlights the most promising findings from recent GWAS and candidate gene studies in BD. It furthermore sketches out a potential research framework integrating various lines of research into the molecular biological basis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Schulze
- Unit on the Genetic Basis of Mood & Anxiety Disorders, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
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Comuzzie AG, Higgins PB, Voruganti S, Cole S. Cutting the Fat. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-375003-7.00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Scherer D, Nagore E, Bermejo JL, Figl A, Botella-Estrada R, Thirumaran RK, Angelini S, Hemminki K, Schadendorf D, Kumar R. Melanocortin receptor 1 variants and melanoma risk: A study of 2 European populations. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:1868-75. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Survival in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by histology and family history. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135:1711-6. [PMID: 19533171 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although survival has been studied for various subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), there have been few comprehensive studies to quantify the prognosis, including all specific histologies. The effect of family history on survival in NHL has not been examined. METHODS We used the Swedish Family-Cancer Database to estimate hazard ratios in NHL by histology and family history. RESULTS Using diffuse centroblastic lymphoma as reference (HR 1.0), patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and hairy-cell leukemia had the best survival. Survival advantage was also noted among patients with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma and different kinds of follicular lymphomas. For T-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides showed a favorable prognosis. As for survival by family history, a total of 98 familial cases were noted in our Database with a similar prognosis compared to sporadic cases in both parental and offspring generations. A non-significant familial concordance of either good or poor survival was noted among family members when probands' prognosis was stratified by survival time. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide quantitative prognosis data for patients with NHL according to specific histologies. Patients with a familial NHL had a similar prognosis compared to patients with sporadic disease. The data suggest familial concordance in either good or poor survival among family members.
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The associations of sequence variants in DNA-repair and cell-cycle genes with cancer risk: genotype–phenotype correlations. Biochem Soc Trans 2009; 37:527-33. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0370527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA-repair systems maintain the integrity of the human genome, and cell-cycle checkpoints are a critical component of the cellular response to DNA damage. Thus the presence of sequence variants in genes involved in these pathways that modulate their activity might have an impact on cancer risk. Many molecular epidemiological studies have investigated the association between sequence variants, particularly SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), and cancer risk. For instance, ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) SNPs have been associated with increased risk of breast, prostate, leukaemia, colon and early-onset lung cancer, and the intron 3 16-bp repeat in TP53 (tumour protein 53) is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. In contrast, the variant allele of the rare CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2 checkpoint homologue) missense variant (accession number rs17879961) was significantly associated with a lower incidence of lung and upper aerodigestive cancers. For some sequence variants, a strong gene–environment interaction has also been noted. For instance, a greater absolute risk reduction of lung and upper aerodigestive cancers in smokers than in non-smokers carrying the I157T CHEK2 variant has been observed, as has an interaction between TP53 intron 3 16-bp repeats and multiple X-ray exposures on lung cancer risk. The challenge now is to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Hansell NK, Agrawal A, Whitfield JB, Morley KI, Gordon SD, Lind PA, Pergadia ML, Montgomery GW, Madden PAF, Todd RD, Heath AC, Martin NG. Can we identify genes for alcohol consumption in samples ascertained for heterogeneous purposes? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:729-39. [PMID: 19183129 PMCID: PMC3164813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00890.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have identified evidence of genetic influence on alcohol use in samples selected to be informative for alcoholism research. However, there are a growing number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using samples unselected for alcohol consumption (i.e., selected on other traits and forms of psychopathology), which nevertheless assess consumption as a risk factor. Is it reasonable to expect that genes contributing to variation in alcohol consumption can be identified in such samples? METHODS An exploratory approach was taken to determine whether linkage analyses for heaviness of alcohol consumption, using a sample collected for heterogeneous purposes, could replicate previous findings. Quantity and frequency measures of consumption were collected in telephone interviews from community samples. These measures, and genotyping, were available for 5,441 individuals (5,067 quasi-independent sibling pairs). For 1,533 of these individuals, data were collected on 2 occasions, about 8.2 years apart, providing 2 datasets that maximize data collected at either a younger or an older age. Analyses were conducted to address the question of whether age and heavier levels of alcohol consumption effects outcome. Linkage results were compared in the younger and older full samples, and with samples in which approximately 10, 20, and 40 of drinkers from the lower end of the distribution of alcohol consumption were dropped. RESULTS Linkage peaks varied for the age differentiated samples and for percentage of light drinkers retained. Larger peaks (LOD scores >2.0) were typically found in regions previously identified in linkage studies and/or containing proposed candidate genes for alcoholism including AGT, CARTPT, OPRD1, PIK3R1, and PDYN. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that GWAS assessing alcohol consumption as a covariate for other conditions will have some success in identifying genes contributing to consumption-related variation. However, sample characteristics, such as participant age, and trait distribution, may have substantial effects on the strength of the genetic signal. These results can inform forthcoming GWAS where the same restrictions apply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narelle K Hansell
- Genetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Abstract
Common DNA sequence variants inadequately explain variability in fat mass among individuals. Abnormal body weights are characteristic of specific imprinted-gene disorders. However, the relevance of imprinted genes to our understanding of obesity among the general population is uncertain. Hitherto unidentified imprinted genes and epigenetic mosaicism are two of the challenges for this emerging field of epigenetics. Subtle epigenetic differences in imprinted genes and gene networks are likely to be present among cells, tissues and individuals. In order to advance obesity research it will be necessary to use genome-wide, next-generation sequencing approaches that allow the detection of such epigenetic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Stöger
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, 156 Kincaid Hall, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA.
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Millward CA, Burrage LC, Shao H, Sinasac DS, Kawasoe JH, Hill-Baskin AE, Ernest SR, Gornicka A, Hsieh CW, Pisano S, Nadeau JH, Croniger CM. Genetic factors for resistance to diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic traits on mouse chromosome 17. Mamm Genome 2009; 20:71-82. [PMID: 19137372 PMCID: PMC3831881 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-008-9165-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased susceptibility to dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension, a combination of traits that comprise the traditional definition of the metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that obesity is also associated with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Despite the high prevalence of obesity and its related conditions, their etiologies and pathophysiology remains unknown. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of obesity and NAFLD. Previous genetic analysis of high-fat, diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J (B6) and A/J male mice using a panel of B6-Chr(A/J)/NaJ chromosome substitution strains (CSSs) demonstrated that 17 CSSs conferred resistance to high-fat, diet-induced obesity. One of these CSS strains, CSS-17, which is homosomic for A/J-derived chromosome 17, was analyzed further and found to be resistant to diet-induced steatosis. In the current study we generated seven congenic strains derived from CCS-17, fed them either a high-fat, simple-carbohydrate (HFSC) or low-fat, simple-carbohydrate (LFSC) diet for 16 weeks and then analyzed body weight and related traits. From this study we identified several quantitative trait loci (QTLs). On a HFSC diet, Obrq13 protects against diet-induced obesity, steatosis, and elevated fasting insulin and glucose levels. On the LFSC diet, Obrq13 confers lower hepatic triglycerides, suggesting that this QTL regulates liver triglycerides regardless of diet. Obrq15 protects against diet-induced obesity and steatosis on the HFSC diet, and Obrq14 confers increased final body weight and results in steatosis and insulin resistance on the HFSC diet. In addition, on the LFSC diet, Obrq 16 confers decreased hepatic triglycerides and Obrq17 confers lower plasma triglycerides on the LFSC diet. These congenic strains provide mouse models to identify genes and metabolic pathways that are involved in the development of NAFLD and aspects of diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A. Millward
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building 925, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4955, USA
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Haifeng Shao
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David S. Sinasac
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jean H. Kawasoe
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Annie E. Hill-Baskin
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sheila R. Ernest
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Aga Gornicka
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building 925, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4955, USA
| | - Chang-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building 925, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4955, USA
| | - Sorana Pisano
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building 925, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4955, USA
| | - Joseph H. Nadeau
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Colleen M. Croniger
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building 925, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106–4955, USA
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Kim J. Association of CHRNA2 polymorphisms with overweight/obesity and clinical characteristics in a Korean population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:1085-9. [PMID: 18588430 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes correlated with nicotine may be important in obesity because of the role of nicotine in food intake. METHODS To determine if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha2 subunit gene (CHRNA2) are associated with overweight/obesity, 156 non-obese and 200 overweight/obese Koreans were genotyped for four CHRNA2 SNPs using an Affymetrix Array Chip. RESULTS Of four SNPs, only one, rs2043063, was associated with overweight/obesity in the study population (co-dominant, p=0.049; dominant, p=0.027). Associations between the significant SNP and obesity-related clinical characteristics were observed, but these were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The CHRNA2 rs2043063 SNP might be a risk factor for overweight/obesity in Koreans. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate whether mutations or common polymorphisms of the CHRNA2 gene represent a risk factor for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Kim
- Department of Oriental Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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Missing data imputation and haplotype phase inference for genome-wide association studies. Hum Genet 2008; 124:439-50. [PMID: 18850115 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Imputation of missing data and the use of haplotype-based association tests can improve the power of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In this article, I review methods for haplotype inference and missing data imputation, and discuss their application to GWAS. I discuss common features of the best algorithms for haplotype phase inference and missing data imputation in large-scale data sets, as well as some important differences between classes of methods, and highlight the methods that provide the highest accuracy and fastest computational performance.
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Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is associated with polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 CYP2C8 in multiple myeloma: a genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Blood 2008; 112:2709-12. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-04-147884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractWe have explored the potential role of genetics in the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients under bisphosphonate therapy. A genome-wide association study was performed using 500 568 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2 series of homogeneously treated MM patients, one with ONJ (22 MM cases) and another without ONJ (65 matched MM controls). Four SNPs (rs1934951, rs1934980, rs1341162, and rs17110453) mapped within the cytochrome P450-2C gene (CYP2C8) showed a different distribution between cases and controls with statistically significant differences (P = 1.07 × 10−6, P = 4.231 × 10−6, P = 6.22 × 10−6, and P = 2.15 × 10−6, respectively). SNP rs1934951 was significantly associated with a higher risk of ONJ development even after Bonferroni correction (P corrected value = .02). Genotyping results displayed an overrepresentation of the T allele in cases compared with controls (48% vs 12%). Thus, individuals homozygous for the T allele had an increased likelihood of developing ONJ (odds ratio 12.75, 95% confidence interval 3.7-43.5).
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Niemelä M, Frösen J, Hernesniemi J, Dashti R, Palotie A. Molecular pathology of aneurysms. SURGICAL NEUROLOGY 2008; 70:36-8. [PMID: 18440615 PMCID: PMC2719287 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Buraczynska M. Genetic predictors of renal failure. EXPERT OPINION ON MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS 2008; 2:651-664. [PMID: 23495776 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.6.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. The completion of the human genome sequence and advances in genomic technology make possible identification of gene variants associated with renal failure. OBJECTIVE This review discusses the relevant genetic studies in chronic kidney disease, with particular emphasis on the most common causes of end stage renal failure, diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis. METHODS Most of the studies presented were performed in recent years and employed association studies, both population-based and with candidate genes, as well as the genome-wide association and genome-wide scan approaches. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Increasing evidence supports an important role of genetic susceptibility in the development and progression of renal failure. Identification of disease genes will allow the identification of patients at high risk and the development of new strategies to prevent or delay the renal disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Buraczynska
- Professor of Medical Sciences Medical University of Lublin, Laboratory for DNA Analysis and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Nephrology, Dr K Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland +48 81 7244 716 ; +48 81 7244 716 ;
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