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Maculewicz E, Pabin A, Kowalczuk K, Dziuda Ł, Białek A. Endogenous Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) in Military Professionals with a Special Emphasis on Military Pilots. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154314. [PMID: 35893405 PMCID: PMC9332217 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors can be categorized as non-modifiable and modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include some exogenous and behavioral factors that can be easily modified, whereas endogenous modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, or obesity may be modified to a limited extend. An increased prevalence of CVDs as well as their risk factors have been observed in military personnel, as specific military-related stressors are highly correlated with acute cardiac disorders. Military pilots are a subpopulation with great CVD risk due to an accumulation of different psychological and physical stressors also considered to be CVD risk factors. This review presents data concerning CVD risk in military professionals, with a special emphasis on military pilots and crew members. We also discuss the usefulness of novel indicators related to oxidative stress, inflammation, or hormonal status as well as genetic factors as markers of CVD risk. For a correct and early estimation of CVD risk in asymptomatic soldiers, especially if no environmental risk factors coexist, the scope of performed tests should be increased with novel biomarkers. An indication of risk group among military professional, especially military pilots, enables the implementation the early preventive activities, which will prolong their state of health and military suitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Maculewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agata Pabin
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.); (Ł.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Kowalczuk
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.); (Ł.D.)
| | - Łukasz Dziuda
- Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.); (K.K.); (Ł.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Animal Genetics and Biotechnology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(22)-7367128
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2
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Brauner S, Jiang X, Thorlacius GE, Lundberg AM, Östberg T, Yan ZQ, Kuchroo VK, Hansson GK, Wahren-Herlenius M. Augmented Th17 differentiation in Trim21 deficiency promotes a stable phenotype of atherosclerotic plaques with high collagen content. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:158-167. [PMID: 29016728 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Patients with hyperlipidemia are at risk of atherosclerosis, but not all develop cardiovascular disease, highlighting the importance of other risk factors such as inflammation. Both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system have been suggested in the initiation and propagation of plaque formation. Tri-partite motif (TRIM) 21 is a regulator of tissue inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and has been implicated in chronic inflammatory disease. Here, we investigate a potential role for TRIM21 in coronary artery disease. Methods and results Trim21-deficient or wild-type bone marrow was transplanted into Ldlr-/- mice fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. The Trim21-/-->Ldlr-/- mice developed larger atherosclerotic plaques, with significantly higher collagen content compared to mice transplanted with wild-type cells. High collagen content of the atheroma is stabilizing, and has recently been linked to IL-17. Interestingly, Trim21-/-->Ldlr-/- mice had elevated CD4 and IL-17 mRNA expression in plaques, and increased numbers of activated CD4+ T cells in the periphery. An increased differentiation of naïve T cells lacking Trim21 into Th17 cells was confirmed in vitro, with transcriptomic analysis revealing upregulation of genes of a non-pathogenic Th17 phenotype. Also, decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was noted in aortic plaques. Analysis of human carotid plaques confirmed that TRIM21 expression negatively correlates with the expression of key Th17 genes and collagen, but positively to MMPs also in patients, linking our findings to a clinical setting. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrate that TRIM21 influences atherosclerosis via regulation of Th17 responses, with TRIM21 deficiency promoting IL-17 expression and a more fibrous, stable, phenotype of the plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Brauner
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xintong Jiang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gudny Ella Thorlacius
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna M Lundberg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Östberg
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhong-Qun Yan
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Unit of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet, Center for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Synergic predisposing effect of G894T (eNOS), 4G/5G (PAI) and T1131C (APOA5) polymorphisms to myocardial infarction. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Hirschler V, Molinari C, Gonzalez C, Maccallini G, Castano LA. Prevalence of hypertension in argentinean indigenous children living at high altitudes versus US children. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 40:752-757. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1431258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Hirschler
- The University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Nutrition Department, Argentina
| | - Claudia Molinari
- The University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Nutrition Department, Argentina
| | - Claudio Gonzalez
- The University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Nutrition Department, Argentina
| | | | - Luis A Castano
- Hospital San Antonio de los Cobres, Salta
- Centro Mater Salta Hospital Universitario Cruces, BioCruces, UPV-EHU, CIBERDEM, CIBERER Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Goodarzynejad H, Boroumand M, Behmanesh M, Ziaee S, Jalali A. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphism (I405V) and premature coronary artery disease in an Iranian population. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2016; 16:114-20. [PMID: 26773179 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2016.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) expression on atherogenesis is still under debate. The rs5882 (I405V) polymorphism affect CETP function. We aimed to examine the relationship between the rs5882 polymorphism and the risk of angiographically determined coronary artery disease (CAD). To define premature CAD (PCAD), an age cutoff of 55 years for women and 45 years for men was used. An age- and sex-matched case-control study was conducted in 560 patients with newly diagnosed angiographically documented PCAD (≥50% luminal stenosis of any coronary vessel) and an equal number of control patients with normal coronary arteries (no luminal stenosis at coronary arteries). The severity of CAD was determined by vessel score and Gensini score. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and high resolution melting analysis were used to distinguish between genotypes. The I405V genotype distributions were not statistically different in CAD and non-CAD groups in univariate and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyzes. The median and inter-quartile range for Gensini score was not significantly different among the AA (43, 24 to 73), AG (40, 20 to 66), and GG (45, 25 to 72) genotypes (p = 0.097). Furthermore, the distribution of vessel score did not statistically differ between these genotypes (p = 0.691). Our results suggest that there is no significant association between CETP I405V polymorphism and the risk of PCAD presence and severity. Larger prospective studies are needed to investigate such associations in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Goodarzynejad
- Department of Cardiac Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Frånberg M, Gertow K, Hamsten A, Lagergren J, Sennblad B. Discovering Genetic Interactions in Large-Scale Association Studies by Stage-wise Likelihood Ratio Tests. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005502. [PMID: 26402789 PMCID: PMC4581725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of genome-wide association studies in medical genetics, the underlying genetics of many complex diseases remains enigmatic. One plausible reason for this could be the failure to account for the presence of genetic interactions in current analyses. Exhaustive investigations of interactions are typically infeasible because the vast number of possible interactions impose hard statistical and computational challenges. There is, therefore, a need for computationally efficient methods that build on models appropriately capturing interaction. We introduce a new methodology where we augment the interaction hypothesis with a set of simpler hypotheses that are tested, in order of their complexity, against a saturated alternative hypothesis representing interaction. This sequential testing provides an efficient way to reduce the number of non-interacting variant pairs before the final interaction test. We devise two different methods, one that relies on a priori estimated numbers of marginally associated variants to correct for multiple tests, and a second that does this adaptively. We show that our methodology in general has an improved statistical power in comparison to seven other methods, and, using the idea of closed testing, that it controls the family-wise error rate. We apply our methodology to genetic data from the PROCARDIS coronary artery disease case/control cohort and discover three distinct interactions. While analyses on simulated data suggest that the statistical power may suffice for an exhaustive search of all variant pairs in ideal cases, we explore strategies for a priori selecting subsets of variant pairs to test. Our new methodology facilitates identification of new disease-relevant interactions from existing and future genome-wide association data, which may involve genes with previously unknown association to the disease. Moreover, it enables construction of interaction networks that provide a systems biology view of complex diseases, serving as a basis for more comprehensive understanding of disease pathophysiology and its clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Frånberg
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Karl Gertow
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jens Lagergren
- School of Computer Science and Communications, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Swedish e-Science Research Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Sennblad
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vinué Á, Andrés-Blasco I, Herrero-Cervera A, Piqueras L, Andrés V, Burks DJ, Sanz MJ, González-Navarro H. Ink4/Arf locus restores glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity by reducing hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice with impaired IRS2-dependent signalling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1729-42. [PMID: 26022372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms near the Ink4/Arf locus have been associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies indicate a protective role of the locus in the carbohydrate metabolism derangement associated with ageing in wild-type mice. The present study demonstrates that the increased Ink4/Arf locus expression in 1-year-old mice, partially-deficient for the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)2 (Irs2+/-SuperInk4/Arf mice) ameliorates hepatic steatosis, inflammation and insulin resistance. Irs2+/-SuperInk4/Arf mice displayed improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared with Irs2+/- mice which were glucose intolerant and insulin resistant compared with age-matched wild-type mice. These changes in Irs2+/- mice were accompanied by enhanced hepatic steatosis, proinflammatory macrophage phenotype, increased Ly6C(hi)-monocyte percentage, T-lymphocyte activation and MCP1 and TNF-α cytokine levels. In Irs2+/-SuperInk4/Arf mice, steatosis and inflammatory parameters were markedly reduced and similar to those of wild-type counterparts. In vivo insulin signalling also revealed reduced activation of the IRS/AKT-dependent signalling in Irs2+/- mice. This was restored upon increased locus expression in Irs2+/-SuperInk4/Arf mice which display similar activation levels as those for wild-type mice. In vivo treatment of Irs2+/-SuperInk4/Arf mice with TNF-α diminished insulin canonical IRS/AKT-signalling and enhanced the stress SAPK/JNK-phosphoSer307IRS1-pathway suggesting that cytokine levels might potentially affect glucose homeostasis through changes in these insulin-signalling pathways. Altogether, these results indicate that enhanced Ink4/Arf locus expression restores glucose homeostasis and that this is associated with diminished hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice with insulin resistance. Therefore, pharmacological interventions targeted to modulate the Ink4/Arf locus expression could be a tentative therapeutic approach to alleviate the inflammation associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vinué
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Piqueras
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Department of Atherothrombosis, Imaging and Epidemiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah J Burks
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), 46012 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - María Jesús Sanz
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Spain.
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8
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Bayoglu B, Arslan C, Gode S, Kaya Dagistanli F, Arapi B, Burc Deser S, Dirican A, Cengiz M. The Severity of Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis is Associated with the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A Gene Expression. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:659-71. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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9
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Chromosome 9p21 rs10757278 polymorphism is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 379:77-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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González-Navarro H, Vinué Á, Sanz MJ, Delgado M, Pozo MA, Serrano M, Burks DJ, Andrés V. Increased dosage of Ink4/Arf protects against glucose intolerance and insulin resistance associated with aging. Aging Cell 2013; 12:102-11. [PMID: 23107464 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies have linked type-2 diabetes mellitus to a genomic region in chromosome 9p21 near the Ink4/Arf locus, which encodes tumor suppressors that are up-regulated in a variety of mammalian organs during aging. However, it is unclear whether the susceptibility to type-2 diabetes is associated with altered expression of the Ink4/Arf locus. In the present study, we investigated the role of Ink4/Arf in age-dependent alterations of insulin and glucose homeostasis using Super-Ink4/Arf mice which bear an extra copy of the entire Ink4/Arf locus. We find that, in contrast to age-matched wild-type controls, Super-Ink4/Arf mice do not develop glucose intolerance with aging. Insulin tolerance tests demonstrated increased insulin sensitivity in Super-Ink4/Arf compared with wild-type mice, which was accompanied by higher activation of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-PI3K-AKT pathway in liver, skeletal muscle and heart. Glucose uptake studies in Super-Ink4/Arf mice showed a tendency toward increased (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in skeletal muscle compared with wild-type mice (P = 0.079). Furthermore, a positive correlation between glucose uptake and baseline glucose levels was observed in Super-Ink4/Arf mice (P < 0.008) but not in wild-type mice. Our studies reveal a protective role of the Ink4/Arf locus against the development of age-dependent insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ángela Vinué
- Vascular Biology Unit; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology and Therapy; Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV); Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC); Valencia; 46010; Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Delgado
- CAI Cartografía Cerebral; Instituto Pluridisciplinar; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid; 28040; Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Pozo
- CAI Cartografía Cerebral; Instituto Pluridisciplinar; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid; 28040; Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO); Madrid; 28029; Spain
| | - Deborah J. Burks
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas (CIBERDEM); Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF); Valencia; 46012; Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology; Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC); Madrid; 28029; Spain
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11
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Bacci S, Prudente S, Copetti M, Spoto B, Rizza S, Baratta R, Di Pietro N, Morini E, Di Paola R, Testa A, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Zhang YY, Mercuri L, Di Silvestre S, Lauro R, Malatino L, Consoli A, Pellegrini F, Pandolfi A, Frittitta L, Zoccali C, Federici M, Doria A, Trischitta V. Joint effect of insulin signaling genes on cardiovascular events and on whole body and endothelial insulin resistance. Atherosclerosis 2012; 226:140-5. [PMID: 23107043 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share a common soil. We investigated the combined role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting insulin signaling (ENPP1 K121Q, rs1044498; IRS1 G972R, rs1801278; TRIB3 Q84R, rs2295490) on CVD, age at myocardial infarction (MI), in vivo insulin sensitivity and in vitro insulin-stimulated nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. DESIGN AND SETTING 1. We first studied, incident cardiovascular events (a composite endpoint comprising myocardial infarction-MI, stroke and cardiovascular death) in 733 patients (2186 person-years, 175 events). 2. In a replication attempt, age at MI was tested in 331 individuals. 3. OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was assessed in 829 individuals with fasting glucose <126 mg/dl. 4. NOS activity was measured in 40 strains of human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS 1. Risk variants jointly predicted cardiovascular events (HR = 1.181; p = 0.0009) and, when added to clinical risk factors, significantly improved survival C-statistics; they also allowed a significantly correct reclassification (by net reclassification index) in the whole sample (135/733 individuals) and, even more, in obese patients (116/204 individuals). 2. Risk variants were jointly associated with age at MI (p = 0.006). 3. A significant association was also observed with ISI (p = 0.02). 4. Finally, risk variants were jointly associated with insulin-stimulated NOS activity in HUVECs (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Insulin signaling genes variants jointly affect cardiovascular disease, very likely by promoting whole body and endothelium-specific insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to address whether their genotyping help identify very high-risk patients who need specific and/or more aggressive preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Bacci
- Clinical Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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12
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Ianni M, Callegari S, Rizzo A, Pastori P, Moruzzi P, Corradi D, Porcellini E, Campo G, Ferrari R, Ferrario MM, Bitonte S, Carbone I, Licastro F. Pro-inflammatory genetic profile and familiarity of acute myocardial infarction. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2012; 9:14. [PMID: 22726231 PMCID: PMC3408330 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-9-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathogenesis where lifestyle, individual genetic background and environmental risk factors are involved. Altered inflammatory responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and a premature AMI of parents is associated with an increased risk of the disease in their offspring (Offs). However, the genetic background of familiarity for AMI is still largely unknown. To understand which genes may predispose to increased risk of cardiovascular disease gene polymorphism of immune regulatory genes, and clinical events from the Offs of parents with an early AMI were investigated. Genetics data from Offs were compared with those obtained from healthy subjects and an independent cohort of patients with clinical sporadic AMI. Rates of clinical events during a 24 years follow up from Offs and from an independent Italian population survey were also evaluated. Results This study showed that a genetic signature consisting of the concomitant presence of the CC genotype of VEGF, the A allele of IL-10 and the A allele of IFN-γ was indeed present in the Offs population. In fact, the above genetic markers were more frequent in unaffected Offs (46.4%) and patients with sporadic AMI (31.8%) than in the CTR (17.3%) and the differences were highly statistically significant (Offs vs CTR: p = 0.0001, OR = 4.129; AMI vs CTR: p = 0.0001, OR = 2.224). During the 24-year follow-up, Offs with a positive familiarity in spite of a relatively young age showed an increased prevalence of diabetes, ischemic heart disease and stroke. These findings reinforce the notion that subjects with a familial history of AMI are at risk of an accelerated aging of cardiovascular system resulting in cardiovascular events. Conclusion Our data suggest that selected genes with immune regulatory functions are part of the complex genetic background contributing to familiarity for cardiovascular diseases. This inflammatory genetic profile, along with classical cardiovascular risk factors, may be used for better defining individual risk of AMI in unaffected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ianni
- Department of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via S, Giacomo 14, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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13
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Renin-angiotensin system genes polymorphism in Egyptians with premature coronary artery disease. Gene 2012; 498:270-5. [PMID: 22387727 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetics polymorphism of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) affects the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to investigate the association between the RAS genes and premature CAD (PCAD) in Egyptians. 116 patients with PCAD, 114 patients with late onset CAD and 119 controls were included in the study. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (ATR1) and angiotensinogen (AGT) genes polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that ACE DD, AGT TT and ATR1 CC increased the risk of PCAD by 2.7, 2.8 and 2.86 respectively). Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol were independent risk factors for the development of PCAD. We conclude that the ACE DD, AGT TT and ATR1 CC genotypes may increase the susceptibility of an individual to have PCAD. The coexistence of CAD risk factors with these risky RAS genotypes may lead to the development of PCAD in Egyptian patients.
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14
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Shay CM, Stamler J, Dyer AR, Brown IJ, Chan Q, Elliott P, Zhao L, Okuda N, Miura K, Daviglus ML, Van Horn L. Nutrient and food intakes of middle-aged adults at low risk of cardiovascular disease: the international study of macro-/micronutrients and blood pressure (INTERMAP). Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:917-26. [PMID: 22057680 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with favorable levels of readily measured cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (low risk, LR) experience low long-term rates of CVD mortality and greater longevity. The purpose of the current study was to compare nutrient/food intakes of LR participants with participants not LR in the INTERMAP study. METHODS Men and women (40-59 years) from 17 population samples in four countries (China, Japan, UK, US) provided four 24-h dietary recalls and two timed 24-h urine collections. LR was defined as meeting all of the following CVD risk criteria: systolic/diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≤ 120/ ≤ 80 mmHg; no drug treatment for high BP, hyperlipidemia, or CVD; non-smoking; BMI <25.0 kg/m(2) (US, UK) or <23.0 kg/m(2) (China, Japan); alcohol consumption <26.0 g/day (men)/<13.0 g/day (women); and no history of diabetes or CVD. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations of nutrient/food intakes with LR. RESULTS LR individuals reported higher intake of vegetable protein, fiber, magnesium, non-heme iron, potassium; lower energy intake; lower intake of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, animal protein; and lower 24-h urinary sodium compared with individuals not LR. With regard to foods, LR individuals reported higher intake of fruits, vegetables, grains, pasta/rice, fish; lower intakes of meats, processed meats, high-fat dairy, and sugar-sweetened beverages than individuals not LR. CONCLUSIONS Lower energy intake and differential intake of multiple specific nutrients and foods are characteristic of individuals at low risk for developing CVD. Identification of dietary habits associated with LR is important for further development of public health efforts aimed at reduction/prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Shay
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Palmer BR, Frampton CM, Skelton L, Yandle TG, Doughty RN, Whalley GA, Ellis CJ, Troughton RW, Richards AM, Cameron VA. KCNE5 polymorphism rs697829 is associated with QT interval and survival in acute coronary syndromes patients. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011; 23:319-24. [PMID: 21985337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2011.02192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The KCNE family is a group of small transmembrane channel proteins involved in potassium ion (K(+)) conductance. The X-linked KCNE5 gene encodes a regulator of the K(+) current mediated by the potassium channel KCNQ1. Polymorphisms in KCNE5 have been associated with altered cardiac electrophysiological properties in human studies. We investigated associations of the common rs697829 polymorphism from KCNE5 with baseline characteristics, baseline electrocardiographic (ECG) measurements, and patient survival in a cohort of post-acute coronary syndromes (ACS) patients (the Coronary Disease Cohort Study cohort). METHODS AND RESULTS DNA samples (n = 1,740) were genotyped for rs697829 using a TaqMan assay. Baseline ECG data revealed corrected QT (QTc) interval was associated with rs697829 in male, but not female, patients, being extended in the G genotype group (A 416 ± 1.71; G 431 ± 4.25 ms, P = 0.002). Covariate-adjusted survival was poorest in G genotype patients in Cox proportional hazard modeling of mortality data of males (P(overall) = 0.020). Male patients with G genotype had a hazard ratio of 1.44 (1.11-2.33) for death when compared to the A genotype male patients (P = 0.048) after adjustment for age, baseline log-transformed N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP), β-blocker and insulin treatment, QTc interval, history of myocardial infarction, and physical activity score. CONCLUSION This study suggests an association between rs697829, a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from KCNE5, and ECG measurements and survival in postacute ACS patients. Prolonged subclinical QT interval may be a marker of adverse outcome in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry R Palmer
- Christchurch Cardioendocrine Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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DeAngelis MM, Silveira AC, Carr EA, Kim IK. Genetics of age-related macular degeneration: current concepts, future directions. Semin Ophthalmol 2011; 26:77-93. [PMID: 21609220 PMCID: PMC4242505 DOI: 10.3109/08820538.2011.577129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive degenerative disease which leads to blindness, affecting the quality of life of millions of Americans. More than 1.75 million individuals in the United States are affected by the advanced form of AMD. The etiological pathway of AMD is not yet fully understood, but there is a clear genetic influence on disease risk. To date, the 1q32 (CFH) and 10q26 (PLEKHA1/ARMS2/HTRA1) loci are the most strongly associated with disease; however, the variation in these genomic regions alone is unable to predict disease development with high accuracy. Therefore, current genetic studies are aimed at identifying new genes associated with AMD and their modifiers, with the goal of discovering diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, these studies provide the foundation for further investigation into the pathophysiology of AMD by utilizing a systems-biology-based approach to elucidate underlying mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. DeAngelis
- Ocular Molecular Genetics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Silveira
- Ocular Molecular Genetics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Carr
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ivana K. Kim
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Scheffold T, Kullmann S, Huge A, Binner P, Ochs HR, Schöls W, Thale J, Motz W, Hegge FJ, Stellbrink C, Dorsel T, Gülker H, Heuer H, Dinh W, Stoll M, Haltern G. Six sequence variants on chromosome 9p21.3 are associated with a positive family history of myocardial infarction: a multicenter registry. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2011; 11:9. [PMID: 21385355 PMCID: PMC3061953 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic loci linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). The 9p21.3 locus was verified by numerous replication studies to be the first common locus for CAD and MI. In the present study, we investigated whether six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs1333049, rs1333040, rs10757274, rs2383206, rs10757278, and rs2383207 representing the 9p21.3 locus were associated with the incidence of an acute MI in patients with the main focus on the familial aggregation of the disease. Methods The overall cohort consisted of 976 unrelated male patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with ST-elevated (STEMI) as well as non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Genotyping data of the investigated SNPs were generated and statistically analyzed in comparison to previously published findings of matchable control cohorts. Results Statistical evaluation confirmed a highly significant association of all analyzed SNP's with the occurrence of MI (p < 0.0001; OR: 1.621-2.039). When only MI patients with a positive family disposition were comprised in the analysis a much stronger association of the accordant risk alleles with incident disease was found with odds ratios up to 2.769. Conclusions The findings in the present study confirmed a strong association of the 9p21.3 locus with MI particularly in patients with a positive family history thereby, emphasizing the pathogenic relevance of this locus as a common genetic cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scheffold
- Institute for Heart and Circulation Research, University of Witten/Herdecke, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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18
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Bacci S, Rizza S, Prudente S, Spoto B, Powers C, Facciorusso A, Pacilli A, Lauro D, Testa A, Zhang YY, Di Stolfo G, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, Xu R, Mangiacotti D, Aucella F, Lauro R, Gervino EV, Hauser TH, Copetti M, De Cosmo S, Pellegrini F, Zoccali C, Federici M, Doria A, Trischitta V. The ENPP1 Q121 variant predicts major cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals: evidence for interaction with obesity in diabetic patients. Diabetes 2011; 60:1000-7. [PMID: 21282363 PMCID: PMC3046818 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease may share a common genetic background. We investigated the role of IR-associated ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism (rs1044498) on cardiovascular disease in high-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective study (average follow-up, 37 months) was conducted for major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, cardiovascular death) from the Gargano Heart Study (GHS; n = 330 with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease), the Tor Vergata Atherosclerosis Study (TVAS; n = 141 who had MI), and the Cardiovascular Risk Extended Evaluation in Dialysis (CREED) database (n = 266 with end-stage renal disease). Age at MI was investigated in cross-sectional studies of 339 type 2 diabetic patients (n = 169 from Italy, n = 170 from the U.S.). RESULTS Incidence of cardiovascular events per 100 person--years was 4.2 in GHS, 10.8 in TVAS, and 11.7 in CREED. Hazard ratios (HRs) for KQ+QQ versus individuals carrying the K121/K121 genotype (KK) individuals were 1.47 (95% CI 0.80-2.70) in GHS, 2.31 (95% CI 1.22-4.34) in TVAS, and 1.36 (95% CI 0.88-2.10) in CREED, and 1.56 (95% CI 1.15-2.12) in the three cohorts combined. In the 395 diabetic patients, the Q121 variant predicted cardiovascular events among obese but not among nonobese individuals (HR 5.94 vs. 0.62, P = 0.003 for interaction). A similar synergism was observed in cross-sectional studies, with age at MI being 3 years younger in Q121 carriers than in KK homozygotes among obese but not among nonobese patients (P = 0.035 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is an independent predictor of major cardiovascular events in high-risk individuals. In type 2 diabetes, this effect is exacerbated by obesity. Future larger studies are needed to confirm our finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Bacci
- Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Rizza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Belinda Spoto
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Christine Powers
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Unit of Cardiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pacilli
- Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Testa
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giuseppe Di Stolfo
- Unit of Cardiology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rui Xu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Davide Mangiacotti
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Filippo Aucella
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Renato Lauro
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernest V. Gervino
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas H. Hauser
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Cosmo
- Unit of Endocrinology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegrini
- Unit of Biostatistics, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IBIM, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, ‘Sapienza’ University, Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author: Vincenzo Trischitta,
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Agirbasli M, Guney AI, Ozturhan HS, Agirbasli D, Ulucan K, Sevinc D, Kirac D, Ryckman KK, Williams SM. Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis of MTHFR, PAI-1, ACE, PON1, and eNOS gene polymorphisms in patients with early onset coronary artery disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:803-9. [PMID: 21450592 DOI: 10.1177/1741826711398806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association studies in the Turkish population have investigated the single locus effects of different gene polymorphisms on coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is a complex polygenic disease that involves complex interactions among multiple genetic and environmental conditions. DESIGN We evaluated associations of five candidate genetic polymorphisms (methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, plasminogen activator inhibitor 4G/5G, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) 3-27 base pair repeat, insertion, or deletion of a 287 bp Alu repeat sequence polymorhism of angiotensin I converting enzyme, and paraoxonase Gln192Arg PON1 polymorphisms) with the presence and extent of early onset CAD. METHODS DNA was isolated and amplified from 90 consecutive patients with angiographically proven early onset CAD (ages 41 ± 5 for men, 49 ± 7 for women) and also from 90 control subjects with no significant coronary obstruction angiographically (ages 42 ± 5 for men, 48 ± 6 for women). Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was performed to identify a model of CAD based on both genetic and conventional risk factors. RESULTS MDR analysis detected a significant model with four genes (prediction success ∼ 61%, p = 0.03). When the total number of the conventional risk factors is analysed with the candidate polymorphisms, a different model is identified that includes three of the four genes from the above model and achieves a similar prediction of CAD as the gene only model. CONCLUSION These data indicate that gene-gene and gene-environmental risk interactions form significant models in predicting early onset CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agirbasli
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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20
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Stahelova A, Petrkova J, Motakova N, Taborsky M, Mrazek F, Petrek M. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is not associated with myocardial infarction in Czech patients. Cytokine 2010; 53:13-4. [PMID: 20846878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Weakley SM, Jiang J, Kougias P, Lin PH, Yao Q, Brunicardi FC, Gibbs RA, Chen C. Role of somatic mutations in vascular disease formation. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2010; 10:173-85. [PMID: 20214536 DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, pulmonary artery hypertension and Alzheimer's disease all lead to substantial morbidity and mortality, and we currently lack effective treatments for these vascular diseases. Since the discovery, decades ago, that atherosclerotic lesions display clonal growth, atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases have been postulated to be neoplastic processes, arising through a series of critical somatic mutations. There is conflicting evidence supporting this but studies of DNA damage and mutagenesis, both genomic and mitochondrial, in atherosclerotic and vascular lesions, have yielded evidence that somatic mutations are involved in atherogenesis and vascular disease development. The roles of mitochondrial DNA damage, oxidative stress and signaling by members of the TGF-beta receptor family are implicated. With the increasing convenience and cost-effectiveness of genome sequencing, it is feasible to continue to seek specific genetic targets in the pathogenesis of these devastating diseases, with the hope of developing personalized genomic medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Weakley
- Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop: BCM391, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Wijsman EM, Rothstein JH, Igo RP, Brunzell JD, Motulsky AG, Jarvik GP. Linkage and association analyses identify a candidate region for apoB level on chromosome 4q32.3 in FCHL families. Hum Genet 2010; 127:705-19. [PMID: 20383777 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-010-0819-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a complex trait leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Elevated levels and size of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are associated with FCHL, which is genetically heterogeneous and is likely caused by rare variants. We carried out a linkage-based genome scan of four large FCHL pedigrees for apoB level that is independent of LDL: apoB level that is adjusted for LDL level and size. Follow-up included SNP genotyping in the region with the strongest evidence of linkage. Several regions with the evidence of linkage in individual pedigrees support the rare variant model. Evidence of linkage was strongest on chromosome 4q, with multipoint analysis in one pedigree giving LOD = 3.1 with a parametric model, and a log Bayes Factor = 1.5 from a Bayesian oligogenic approach. Of the 293 SNPs spanning the implicated region on 4q, rs6829588 completely explained the evidence of linkage. This SNP accounted for 39% of the apoB phenotypic variance, with heterozygotes for this SNP having a trait value that was approximately 30% higher than that of the high-frequency homozygote, thus identifying and considerably refining a strong candidate region. These results illustrate the advantage of using large pedigrees in the search for rare variants: reduced genetic heterogeneity within single pedigrees coupled with the large number of individuals segregating otherwise-rare single variants leads to high power to implicate such variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M Wijsman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Box 359460, Seattle, WA 98195-9460, USA.
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Clarke R, Peden JF, Hopewell JC, Kyriakou T, Goel A, Heath SC, Parish S, Barlera S, Franzosi MG, Rust S, Bennett D, Silveira A, Malarstig A, Green FR, Lathrop M, Gigante B, Leander K, de Faire U, Seedorf U, Hamsten A, Collins R, Watkins H, Farrall M. Genetic variants associated with Lp(a) lipoprotein level and coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:2518-28. [PMID: 20032323 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0902604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1065] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased level of Lp(a) lipoprotein has been identified as a risk factor for coronary artery disease that is highly heritable. The genetic determinants of the Lp(a) lipoprotein level and their relevance for the risk of coronary disease are incompletely understood. METHODS We used a novel gene chip containing 48,742 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2100 candidate genes to test for associations in 3145 case subjects with coronary disease and 3352 control subjects. Replication was tested in three independent populations involving 4846 additional case subjects with coronary disease and 4594 control subjects. RESULTS Three chromosomal regions (6q26-27, 9p21, and 1p13) were strongly associated with the risk of coronary disease. The LPA locus on 6q26-27 encoding Lp(a) lipoprotein had the strongest association. We identified a common variant (rs10455872) at the LPA locus with an odds ratio for coronary disease of 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49 to 1.95) and another independent variant (rs3798220) with an odds ratio of 1.92 (95% CI, 1.48 to 2.49). Both variants were strongly associated with an increased level of Lp(a) lipoprotein, a reduced copy number in LPA (which determines the number of kringle IV-type 2 repeats), and a small Lp(a) lipoprotein size. Replication studies confirmed the effects of both variants on the Lp(a) lipoprotein level and the risk of coronary disease. A meta-analysis showed that with a genotype score involving both LPA SNPs, the odds ratios for coronary disease were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.38 to 1.66) for one variant and 2.57 (95% CI, 1.80 to 3.67) for two or more variants. After adjustment for the Lp(a) lipoprotein level, the association between the LPA genotype score and the risk of coronary disease was abolished. CONCLUSIONS We identified two LPA variants that were strongly associated with both an increased level of Lp(a) lipoprotein and an increased risk of coronary disease. Our findings provide support for a causal role of Lp(a) lipoprotein in coronary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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ASSOCIATION STUDY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) USING HUMANCVD 50K CHIP. Atherosclerosis 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Campisi G, Chiappelli M, De Martinis M, Franco V, Ginaldi L, Guiglia R, Licastro F, Lio D. Pathophysiology of age-related diseases. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2009; 6:12. [PMID: 19737378 PMCID: PMC2746174 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-6-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A Symposium regarding the Pathophysiology of Successful and Unsuccessful Ageing was held in Palermo, Italy on 7-8 April 2009. Three lectures from that Symposium by G. Campisi, L. Ginaldi and F. Licastro are here summarized. Ageing is a complex process which negatively impacts on the development of various bodily systems and its ability to function. A long life in a healthy, vigorous, youthful body has always been one of humanity's greatest dreams. Thus, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of age-related diseases is urgently required to improve our understanding of maintaining good health in the elderly and to program possible therapeutic intervention.
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MTAP and CDKN2B genes are associated with myocardial infarction in Chinese Hans. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:1071-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kubistova Z, Mrazek F, Petrek M. POLYMORPHISMS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES:SELECTED BIOLOGICAL, METHODICAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2009; 153:93-102. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2009.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Roy H, Bhardwaj S, Yla-Herttuala S. Molecular genetics of atherosclerosis. Hum Genet 2009; 125:467-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hansson GK, Nilsson J. Introduction: atherosclerosis as inflammation: a controversial concept becomes accepted. J Intern Med 2008; 263:462-3. [PMID: 18410589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G K Hansson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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