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Ferroptosis in Different Pathological Contexts Seen through the Eyes of Mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5537330. [PMID: 34211625 PMCID: PMC8205588 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5537330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently described form of regulated cell death characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and severe lipid peroxidation due to an impaired cysteine-glutathione-glutathione peroxidase 4 antioxidant defence axis. One of the hallmarks of ferroptosis is a specific morphological phenotype characterized by extensive ultrastructural changes of mitochondria. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a significant role in the induction and execution of ferroptosis. The present review summarizes existing knowledge about the mitochondrial impact on ferroptosis in different pathological states, primarily cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we highlight pathologies in which the ferroptosis/mitochondria relation remains to be investigated, where the process of ferroptosis has been confirmed (such as liver- and kidney-related pathologies) and those in which ferroptosis has not been studied yet, such as diabetes. We will bring attention to avenues that could be followed in future research, based on the use of mitochondria-targeted approaches as anti- and proferroptotic strategies and directed to the improvement of existing and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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The Unity of Redox and Structural Remodeling of Brown Adipose Tissue in Hypothyroidism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040591. [PMID: 33921249 PMCID: PMC8068806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important for maintaining whole-body metabolic and energy homeostasis. However, the effects of hypothyroidism, one of the most common diseases worldwide, which increases the risk of several metabolic disorders, on BAT redox and metabolic homeostasis remain mostly unknown. We aimed to investigate the dynamics of protein expression, enzyme activity, and localization of antioxidant defense (AD) enzymes in rat interscapular BAT upon induction of hypothyroidism by antithyroid drug methimazole for 7, 15, and 21 days. Our results showed an increased protein expression of CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutamyl-cysteine ligase, thioredoxin, total glutathione content, and activity of catalase and thioredoxin reductase in hypothyroid rats, compared to euthyroid control. Concomitant with the increase in AD, newly established nuclear, mitochondrial, and peroxisomal localization of AD enzymes was found. Hypothyroidism also potentiated associations between mitochondria, peroxisomes, and lipid bodies, creating specific structural-functional units. Moreover, hypothyroidism induced protein expression and nuclear translocation of a master regulator of redox-metabolic homeostasis, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and an increased amount of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts. The results indicate that spatiotemporal overlap in the remodeling of AD is orchestrated by Nrf2, implicating the role of 4-HNE in this process and suggesting the potential mechanism of redox-structural remodeling during BAT adaptation in hypothyroidism.
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Krämer L, Groh C, Herrmann JM. The proteasome: friend and foe of mitochondrial biogenesis. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1223-1238. [PMID: 33249599 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently translocated as unfolded polypeptides into mitochondria. Cytosolic chaperones maintain precursor proteins in an import-competent state. This post-translational import reaction is under surveillance of the cytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome system, which carries out several distinguishable activities. On the one hand, the proteasome degrades nonproductive protein precursors from the cytosol and nucleus, import intermediates that are stuck in mitochondrial translocases, and misfolded or damaged proteins from the outer membrane and the intermembrane space. These surveillance activities of the proteasome are essential for mitochondrial functionality, as well as cellular fitness and survival. On the other hand, the proteasome competes with mitochondria for nonimported cytosolic precursor proteins, which can compromise mitochondrial biogenesis. In order to balance the positive and negative effects of the cytosolic protein quality control system on mitochondria, mitochondrial import efficiency directly regulates the capacity of the proteasome via transcription factor Rpn4 in yeast and nuclear respiratory factor (Nrf) 1 and 2 in animal cells. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of how the proteasome regulates mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Krämer
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Carina Groh
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Zeinali Khosroshahi M, Asbaghi O, Moradi S, Rezaei kelishadi M, Kaviani M, Mardani M, Jalili C. The effects of supplementation with L-arginine on anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight or obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Boon MR, Hanssen MJW, Brans B, Hülsman CJM, Hoeks J, Nahon KJ, Bakker C, van Klinken JB, Havekes B, Schaart G, Jazet IM, Rensen PCN, van Marken Lichtenbelt WD. Effect of L-arginine on energy metabolism, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in South Asian and Europid prediabetic men: a randomised double-blinded crossover study. Diabetologia 2019; 62:112-122. [PMID: 30377712 PMCID: PMC6290676 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Individuals of South Asian origin are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated comorbidities compared with Europids. Disturbances in energy metabolism may contribute to this increased risk. Skeletal muscle and possibly also brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in human energy metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) is suggested to play a pivotal role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in both tissues. We aimed to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of supplementation with L-arginine, a precursor of NO, on energy metabolism by BAT and skeletal muscle, as well as glucose metabolism in South Asian men compared with men of European descent. METHODS We included ten Dutch South Asian men (age 46.5 ± 2.8 years, BMI 30.1 ± 1.1 kg/m2) and ten Dutch men of European descent, that were similar with respect to age and BMI, with prediabetes (fasting plasma glucose level 5.6-6.9 mmol/l or plasma glucose levels 2 h after an OGTT 7.8-11.1 mmol/l). Participants took either L-arginine (9 g/day) or placebo orally for 6 weeks in a randomised double-blind crossover study. Participants were eligible to participate in the study when they were aged between 40 and 55 years, had a BMI between 25 and 35 kg/m2 and did not have type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, ethnicity was defined as having four grandparents of South Asian or white European origin, respectively. Blinding of treatment was done by the pharmacy (Hankintatukku) and an independent researcher from Leiden University Medical Center randomly assigned treatments by providing a coded list. All people involved in the study as well as participants were blinded to group assignment. After each intervention, glucose tolerance was determined by OGTT and basal metabolic rate (BMR) was determined by indirect calorimetry; BAT activity was assessed by cold-induced [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography scanning. In addition, a fasting skeletal muscle biopsy was taken and analysed ex vivo for respiratory capacity using a multisubstrate protocol. The primary study endpoint was the effect of L-arginine on BAT volume and activity. RESULTS L-Arginine did not affect BMR, [18F]FDG uptake by BAT or skeletal muscle respiration in either ethnicity. During OGTT, L-arginine lowered plasma glucose concentrations (AUC0-2 h - 9%, p < 0.01), insulin excursion (AUC0-2 h - 26%, p < 0.05) and peak insulin concentrations (-26%, p < 0.05) in Europid but not South Asian men. This coincided with enhanced cold-induced glucose oxidation (+44%, p < 0.05) in Europids only. Of note, in skeletal muscle biopsies several respiration states were consistently lower in South Asian men compared with Europid men. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION L-Arginine supplementation does not affect BMR, [18F]FDG uptake by BAT, or skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in Europid and South Asian overweight and prediabetic men. However, L-arginine improves glucose tolerance in Europids but not in South Asians. Furthermore, South Asian men have lower skeletal muscle oxidative capacity than men of European descent. FUNDING This study was funded by the EU FP7 project DIABAT, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation and the Dutch Heart Foundation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02291458.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëtte R Boon
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, post zone C7Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Mark J W Hanssen
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Brans
- Dept of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy J M Hülsman
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kimberly J Nahon
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, post zone C7Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Bakker
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Dept of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Jazet
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, post zone C7Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, post zone C7Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Dept of Human Biology & Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Velickovic KD, Ukropina MM, Glisic RM, Cakic-Milosevic MM. Effects of long-term sucrose overfeeding on rat brown adipose tissue: a structural and immunohistochemical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.166538. [PMID: 29496784 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.166538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term sucrose overfeeding on functional capacity and ultrastructural characteristics of the rat brown adipose tissue (BAT). For the study, 16 male Wistar rats, chow-fed and kept under standard laboratory conditions, were divided into 2 equal groups. The rats from a control group drank tap water, whereas those from a sucrose overfed group were allowed to drink 10% sucrose solution for 21 days. Structural changes of BAT were analysed at the level of light and electron microscopy on routinely prepared tissue sections or using immunohistochemical staining, in combination with stereological methods. Obtained results have shown that the significantly increased energy intake in sucrose overfed rats did not result in a higher gain of body mass compared with controls. The light microscopy analysis revealed that the BAT acquired the appearance of a thermogenically active tissue, with intensified vascularisation, reduced size of brown adipocytes and increased multilocularity. At the ultrastructural level, mitochondria of brown adipocytes became more abundant, enlarged and contained more cristae in comparison to control animals. The immunoexpression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and noradrenaline, as markers of BAT thermogenic status, was increased, whereas the pattern of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) was slightly modified. Taken together, the results of this investigation indicated that BAT possesses the ability to increase thermogenic capacity/activity in response to high energy intake and to prevent body mass gain. These findings are particularly relevant in view of recent reports on the existence of functional BAT in adult humans and its potential use to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija D Velickovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chair of Cell and Tissue Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Centre for Electron Microscopy, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirela M Ukropina
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chair of Cell and Tissue Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila M Glisic
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovica 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Maja M Cakic-Milosevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chair of Cell and Tissue Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Tian Y, Li Y, Li J, Xie Y, Wang M, Dong Y, Li L, Mao J, Wang L, Luo S. Bufei Yishen granule combined with acupoint sticking improves pulmonary function and morphormetry in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:266. [PMID: 26253241 PMCID: PMC4529718 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrated therapy of Bufei Yishen granule and acupoint sticking has been used in the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinically, with remarkable benefits. This study was initiated to observe the effects of the combination of Bufei Yishen granule and acupoint sticking on pulmonary function and morphormetry in a COPD rat model. METHODS Rats were randomized into Control, Model, Bufei Yishen (BY), Acupoint sticking (AS), Bufei Yishen + Acupoint sticking (BY + AS) and aminophyline (APL) groups. COPD rats were duplicated by repeated cigarette smoke and bacterial exposures. The rats were treated with normal saline, Bufei Yishen granule, acupoint sticking, Bufei Yishen + Acupoint sticking and aminophylline, respectively, from week 9 through 20. Pulmonary function was measured by using a whole body plethysmograph every 4 weeks. The rats were sacrificed at the end of week 20, and lung tissue histology and ultrastructure was observed under light and electron microscopes. RESULTS The pulmonary function, including tidal volume (VT), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and expiratory flow at 50 % tidal volume (EF50), was markedly decreased from week 8 in COPD rats (P < 0.05). At week 20, VT, PEF and EF50 were significantly lower in Model group (P < 0.05). Compared with Model group, VT, PEF and EF50 were higher in BY and BY + AS groups (P < 0.05), and EF50 was higher in AS group, while VT was higher in APL group (P < 0.05). Markedly histological and ultrastructural changes, including respiratory membrane thickening, volume density of lamellar corpuscle decreasing, mitochondria reducing in type II alveolar cell, were found in COPD rats and were alleviated in the treated groups, especially in BY and BY + AS groups. CONCLUSION Bufei Yishen granule and acupoint sticking can improve pulmonary function and lung pathological impairment in COPD rats, the curative effect of the combination is better than acupoint sticking or aminophylline only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Tian
- Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- The collaborative innovation center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- The collaborative innovation center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- The collaborative innovation center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- Institute for Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longzihu University Town, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yang Xie
- Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- The collaborative innovation center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- Institute for Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longzihu University Town, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, China.
| | - Minghang Wang
- Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- The collaborative innovation center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- Institute for Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longzihu University Town, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, China.
| | - Yuqiong Dong
- Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- The collaborative innovation center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
| | - Linlin Li
- Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- The collaborative innovation center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
| | - Jing Mao
- Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- The collaborative innovation center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- The collaborative innovation center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
| | - Shan Luo
- Institute for Geriatrics, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
- The collaborative innovation center for Respiratory Diseases Diagnostics, Treatment and New Drug Research and Development, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China.
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Yu J, Zhang S, Cui L, Wang W, Na H, Zhu X, Li L, Xu G, Yang F, Christian M, Liu P. Lipid droplet remodeling and interaction with mitochondria in mouse brown adipose tissue during cold treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:918-28. [PMID: 25655664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) maintains animal body temperature by non-shivering thermogenesis, which is through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and utilizes β-oxidation of fatty acids released from triacylglycerol (TAG) in lipid droplets (LDs). Increasing BAT activity and "browning" other tissues such as white adipose tissue (WAT) can enhance the expenditure of excess stored energy, and in turn reduce prevalence of metabolic diseases. Although many studies have characterized the biology of BAT and brown adipocytes, BAT LDs especially their activation induced by cold exposure remain to be explored. We have isolated LDs from mouse interscapular BAT and characterized the full proteome using mass spectrometry. Both morphological and biochemical experiments showed that the LDs could tightly associate with mitochondria. Under cold treatment mouse BAT started expressing LD structure protein PLIN-2/ADRP and increased expression of PLIN1. Both hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose TAG lipase (ATGL) were increased in LDs. In addition, isolated BAT LDs showed increased levels of the mitochondrial protein UCP1, and prolonged cold exposure could stimulate BAT mitochondrial cristae biogenesis. These changes were in agreement with the data from transcriptional analysis. Our results provide the BAT LD proteome for the first time and show that BAT LDs facilitate heat production by coupling increasing TAG hydrolysis through recruitment of ATGL and HSL to the organelle and expression of another LD resident protein PLIN2/ADRP, as well as by tightly associating with activated mitochondria. These findings will benefit the study of BAT activation and the interaction between LDs and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liujuan Cui
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huimin Na
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linghai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Guoheng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mark Christian
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Vaughan RA, Gannon NP, Carriker CR. Nitrate-containing beetroot enhances myocyte metabolism and mitochondrial content. J Tradit Complement Med 2015; 6:17-22. [PMID: 26870674 PMCID: PMC4737966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Beetroot (甜菜 tián cài) juice consumption is of current interest for improving aerobic performance by acting as a vasodilator and possibly through alterations in skeletal muscle metabolism and physiology. This work explored the effects of a commercially available beetroot supplement on metabolism, gene expression, and mitochondrial content in cultured myocytes. C2C12 myocytes were treated with various concentrations of the beetroot supplement for various durations. Glycolytic metabolism and oxidative metabolism were quantified via measurement of extracellular acidification and oxygen consumption, respectively. Metabolic gene expression was measured using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and mitochondrial content was assessed with flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Cells treated with beetroot exhibited significantly increased oxidative metabolism, concurrently with elevated metabolic gene expression including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and glucose transporter 4, leading to increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Our data show that treatment with a beetroot supplement increases basal oxidative metabolism. Our observations are also among the first to demonstrate that beetroot extract is an inducer of metabolic gene expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. These observations support the need for further investigation into the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of nitrate-containing supplements for health and athletic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, PO Box 41270, Lubbock 79409, TX, USA; Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, NM, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque 87131, NM, USA; Department of Individual, Family, and Community Education: Nutrition, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, NM, USA
| | - Nicholas P Gannon
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, NM, USA
| | - Colin R Carriker
- Department of Health, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, NM, USA; Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Indiana State University, Terre Haute 47809, IN, USA
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Golic I, Velickovic K, Markelic M, Stancic A, Jankovic A, Vucetic M, Otasevic V, Buzadzic B, Korac B, Korac A. Calcium-induced alteration of mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum contacts in rat brown adipocytes. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2377. [PMID: 25308841 PMCID: PMC4194389 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles maintaining cellular bioenergetics and integrity, and their regulation of [Ca2+]i homeostasis has been investigated in many cell types. We investigated the short-term Ca-SANDOZ® treatment on brown adipocyte mitochondria, using imaging and molecular biology techniques. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Ca-SANDOZ® drinking or tap water (control) drinking for three days. Alizarin Red S staining showed increased Ca2+ level in the brown adipocytes of treated rats, and potassium pyroantimonate staining localized electron-dense regions in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and around lipid droplets. Ca-SANDOZ® decreased mitochondrial number, but increased their size and mitochondrial cristae volume. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous enlarged and fusioned-like mitochondria in the Ca-SANDOZ® treated group compared to the control, and megamitochondria in some brown adipocytes. The Ca2+ diet affected mitochondrial fusion as mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) were increased, and mitochondrial fission as dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1) was decreased. Confocal microscopy showed a higher colocalization rate between functional mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The level of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) was elevated, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. These results suggest that Ca-SANDOZ® stimulates mitochondrial fusion, increases mitochondrial-ER contacts and the thermogenic capacity of brown adipocytes.
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Faber C, Zhu ZJ, Castellino S, Wagner DS, Brown RH, Peterson RA, Gates L, Barton J, Bickett M, Hagerty L, Kimbrough C, Sola M, Bailey D, Jordan H, Elangbam CS. Cardiolipin profiles as a potential biomarker of mitochondrial health in diet-induced obese mice subjected to exercise, diet-restriction and ephedrine treatment. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:1122-9. [PMID: 25132005 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is crucial for mitochondrial energy metabolism and structural integrity. Alterations in CL quantity or CL species have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in several pathological conditions and diseases, including mitochondrial dysfunction-related compound attrition and post-market withdrawal of promising drugs. Here we report alterations in the CL profiles in conjunction with morphology of soleus muscle (SM) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, subjected to ephedrine treatment (EPH: 200 mg kg(-1) day(-1) orally), treadmill exercise (EX: 10 meters per min, 1 h per day), or dietary restriction (DR: 25% less of mean food consumed by the EX group) for 7 days. Mice from the DR and EPH groups had a significant decrease in percent body weight and reduced fat mass compared with DIO controls. Morphologic alterations in the BAT included brown adipocytes with reduced cytoplasmic lipid droplets and increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia in the EX, DR and EPH groups. Increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia in the BAT was ultrastructurally manifested by increased mitochondrial cristae, fenestration of mitochondrial cristae, increased electron density of mitochondrial matrix, and increased complexity of shape and elongation of mitochondria. Mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations in the SM of the EX and DR groups included increased mitochondrial cristae, cup-shaped mitochondria and mitochondrial degeneration. All four CL species (tri-linoleoyl-mono-docosahexaenoyl, tetralinoleoyl, tri-linoleoyl-mono-oleoyl, and di-linoleoyl-di-oleoyl) were increased in the BAT of the DR and EPH groups and in the SM of the EPH and EX groups. In conclusion, cardiolipin profiling supported standard methods for assessing mitochondrial biogenesis and health, and may serve as a potential marker of mitochondrial dysfunction in preclinical toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Faber
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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12
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Buzadzic B, Vucetic M, Jankovic A, Stancic A, Korac A, Korac B, Otasevic V. New insights into male (in)fertility: the importance of NO. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:1455-67. [PMID: 24601995 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a global problem that is on the rise, especially during the last decade. Currently, infertility affects approximately 10-15% of the population worldwide. The frequency and origin of different forms of infertility varies. It has been shown that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are involved in the aetiology of infertility, especially male infertility. Various strategies have been designed to remove or decrease the production of ROS and RNS in spermatozoa, in particular during in vitro fertilization. However, in recent years it has been shown that spermatozoa naturally produce a variety of ROS/RNS, including superoxide anion radical (O2 (⋅-)), hydrogen peroxide and NO. These reactive species, in particular NO, are essential in regulating sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction, two processes that need to be acquired by sperm in order to achieve fertilization potential. In addition, it has recently been shown that mitochondrial function is positively correlated with human sperm fertilization potential and quality and that NO and NO precursors increase sperm motility by increasing energy production in mitochondria. We will review the new link between sperm NO-driven redox regulation and infertility herein. A special emphasis will be placed on the potential implementation of new redox-active substances that modulate the content of NO in spermatozoa to increase fertility and promote conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Buzadzic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Velickovic K, Cvoro A, Srdic B, Stokic E, Markelic M, Golic I, Otasevic V, Stancic A, Jankovic A, Vucetic M, Buzadzic B, Korac B, Korac A. Expression and subcellular localization of estrogen receptors α and β in human fetal brown adipose tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:151-9. [PMID: 24217905 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has the unique ability of generating heat due to the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). A recent discovery regarding functional BAT in adult humans has increased interest in the molecular pathways of BAT development and functionality. An important role for estrogen in white adipose tissue was shown, but the possible role of estrogen in human fetal BAT (fBAT) is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether human fBAT expresses estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ. In addition, we examined their localization as well as their correlation with crucial proteins involved in BAT differentiation, proliferation, mitochondriogenesis and thermogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and UCP1. DESIGN The fBAT was obtained from 4 human male fetuses aged 15, 17, 20, and 23 weeks gestation. ERα and ERβ expression was assessed using Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry. Possible correlations with PPARγ, PCNA, PGC-1α, and UCP1 were examined by double immunofluorescence. RESULTS Both ERα and ERβ were expressed in human fBAT, with ERα being dominant. Unlike ERβ, which was present only in mature brown adipocytes, we detected ERα in mature adipocytes, preadipocytes, mesenchymal and endothelial cells. In addition, double immunofluorescence supported the notion that differentiation in fBAT probably involves ERα. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed mitochondrial localization of both receptors. CONCLUSION The expression of both ERα and ERβ in human fBAT suggests a role for estrogen in its development, primarily via ERα. In addition, our results indicate that fBAT mitochondria could be targeted by estrogens and pointed out the possible role of both ERs in mitochondriogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Velickovic
- University of Belgrade (K.V., M.M., I.G., A.K.), Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, and Department of Physiology (V.O., A.S., A.J., M.V., B.B., B.K.), Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic," University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Genomic Medicine (A.C.), The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030; Department of Anatomy (B.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; and Department of Endocrinology (E.S.), Institute of Internal Disease, Clinical Center Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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14
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Dietary stimulators of the PGC-1 superfamily and mitochondrial biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. A mini-review. J Physiol Biochem 2013; 70:271-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-013-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Sai Y, Zou Z, Peng K, Dong Z. The Parkinson's disease-related genes act in mitochondrial homeostasis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:2034-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Protein expression of ubiquitin in interscapular brown adipose tissue during acclimation of rats to cold: the impact of (∙)NO. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 368:189-93. [PMID: 22729739 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of L-arginine-nitric-oxide ((∙)NO)-producing pathway on protein content of ubiquitin, as an important component of ubiquitin-proteasome system for protein removal, were investigated. We showed that L-arginine markedly decreased ubiquitin protein content in interscapular brown adipose tissue, both in thermogenic inactive (at room temperature) and thermogenic active (on cold) states; while in L-NAME-treated groups this effect was abolished. This result suggests that nitric oxide ((∙)NO), besides well established roles, is involved in this aspect of structure remodeling, as well.
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Tan B, Li X, Yin Y, Wu Z, Liu C, Tekwe CD, Wu G. Regulatory roles for L-arginine in reducing white adipose tissue. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2012; 17:2237-46. [PMID: 22652774 PMCID: PMC3422877 DOI: 10.2741/4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the nitrogenous precursor of nitric oxide, L-arginine regulates multiple metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, glucose, amino acids, and proteins through cell signaling and gene expression. Specifically, arginine stimulates lipolysis and the expression of key genes responsible for activation of fatty acid oxidation to CO2 and water. The underlying mechanisms involve increases in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha), mitochondrial biogenesis, and the growth of brown adipose tissue growth. Furthermore, arginine regulates adipocyte-muscle crosstalk and energy partitioning via the secretion of cytokines and hormones. In addition, arginine enhances AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression and activity, thereby modulating lipid metabolism and energy balance toward the loss of triacylglycerols. Growing evidence shows that dietary supplementation with arginine effectively reduces white adipose tissue in Zucker diabetic fatty rats, diet-induced obese rats, growing-finishing pigs, and obese patients with type II diabetes. Thus, arginine can be used to prevent and treat adiposity and the associated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi’e Tan
- Research Center of Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry and Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China 410125
| | - Xinguo Li
- Hunan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China 410131
| | - Yulong Yin
- Research Center of Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry and Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China 410125
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193
| | - Chuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193
| | - Carmen D. Tekwe
- Department of Statistics, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA 77843-3143
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Research Center of Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry and Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China 410125
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 100193
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA 77843-2471
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Interscapular brown adipose tissue metabolic reprogramming during cold acclimation: Interplay of HIF-1α and AMPKα. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:1252-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Otašević V, Buzadžić B, Korać A, Stančić A, Janković A, Vučetić M, Korać B. Effects of l-arginine and l-NAME supplementation on mRNA, protein expression and activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in brown adipose tissue of rats acclimated to different temperatures. J Therm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Venditti P, Di Stefano L, Di Meo S. Oxidative stress in cold-induced hyperthyroid state. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 213:2899-911. [PMID: 20709918 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.043307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of homeothermic animals to low environmental temperature is associated with oxidative stress in several body tissues. Because cold exposure induces a condition of functional hyperthyroidism, the observation that tissue oxidative stress also happens in experimental hyperthyroidism, induced by 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) treatment, suggests that this hormone is responsible for the oxidative damage found in tissues from cold-exposed animals. Examination of T(3)-responsive tissues, such as brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver, shows that changes in factors favoring oxidative modifications are similar in experimental and functional hyperthyroidism. However, differences are also apparent, likely due to the action of physiological regulators, such as noradrenaline and thyroxine, whose levels are different in cold-exposed and T(3)-treated animals. To date, there is evidence that biochemical changes underlying the thermogenic response to cold as well as those leading to oxidative stress require a synergism between T(3)- and noradrenaline-generated signals. Conversely, available results suggest that thyroxine (T(4)) supplies a direct contribution to cold-induced BAT oxidative damage, but contributes to the liver response only as a T(3) precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Venditti
- Department of the Biological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University Federico II of Naples, 80134, Naples, Italy.
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21
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Expression pattern of thermogenesis-related factors in interscapular brown adipose tissue of alloxan-treated rats: Beneficial effect of l-arginine. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Petrović V, Buzadzić B, Korać A, Vasilijević A, Janković A, Korać B. NO modulates the molecular basis of rat interscapular brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 152:147-59. [PMID: 20363363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) thermogenesis were elucidated. Namely, gene and/or protein expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) - key molecules that regulate thermogenesis-related processes - mitochondriogenesis, angiogenesis and IBAT hyperplasia, in rats subjected to cold (4+/-1 degrees C) for 1, 3, 7, 12, 21 and 45days were investigated. Particularly, to examine influence of nitric oxide (NO) on IBAT thermogenic-program, cold-exposed animals were treated by l-arginine or N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME). Related to control (22+/-1 degrees C), cold induced time-coordinated UCP1, PPARgamma and PGC-1alpha transcriptional activation accompanied by PCNA activation and increased VEGF immunolabeling that correlate with endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) transcriptional activation suggesting NO involvement in these thermogenic-factors activation. Observed molecular changes were translated into increased mitochondrial-remodeling, angiogenesis, and IBAT hyperplasia. l-Arginine augmented and prolonged cold-induced increase of eNOS, inducible NOS and thermogenic-molecules expression, IBAT nerve supply, vascularity, hyperplasia and mitochondrial-remodeling, while L-NAME had an opposite effects. Results show that NO improves thermogenesis-related mitochondriogenesis, angiogenesis and tissue hyperplasia, positively affecting molecular basis of these processes, suggesting that NO is an essential regulator of IBAT thermogenic-program operating, at genes, proteins and tissue structure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Petrović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stanković", Department of Physiology, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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McKnight JR, Satterfield MC, Jobgen WS, Smith SB, Spencer TE, Meininger CJ, McNeal CJ, Wu G. Beneficial effects of L-arginine on reducing obesity: potential mechanisms and important implications for human health. Amino Acids 2010; 39:349-57. [PMID: 20437186 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, growing interest in the biochemistry, nutrition, and pharmacology of L-arginine has led to extensive studies to explore its nutritional and therapeutic roles in treating and preventing human metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence shows that dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces adiposity in genetically obese rats, diet-induced obese rats, finishing pigs, and obese human subjects with Type-2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of L-arginine are likely complex, but ultimately involve altering the balance of energy intake and expenditure in favor of fat loss or reduced growth of white adipose tissue. Recent studies indicate that L-arginine supplementation stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and brown adipose tissue development possibly through the enhanced synthesis of cell-signaling molecules (e.g., nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, polyamines, cGMP, and cAMP) as well as the increased expression of genes that promote whole-body oxidation of energy substrates (e.g., glucose and fatty acids) Thus, L-arginine holds great promise as a safe and cost-effective nutrient to reduce adiposity, increase muscle mass, and improve the metabolic profile in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R McKnight
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Antioxidative defense and mitochondrial thermogenic response in brown adipose tissue. GENES AND NUTRITION 2009; 5:225-35. [PMID: 20012899 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-009-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cold-exposure activates interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) non-shivering thermogenesis that relies primarily on intensification of metabolic rate and uncoupling. During cold-acclimation, uncoupling in IBAT decreases superoxide (O(2) (·-)) production and as an adaptive response the activities of manganese and copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Mn- and CuZn-SOD, respectively) are decreased, as well. However, molecular mechanisms governing this SODs adaptive response are still unsolved. Besides, knowing that NO reinforces IBAT uncoupling, we wondered whether nitric oxide (NO) is taking part in SODs regulation? Mn- and CuZn-SOD mRNA and protein expression, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), nitrotyrosine and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) immunolabeling, as well as total SOD (tSOD) activity in IBAT of rats subjected to cold (4 ± 1°C) for 1, 3, 7, 12, 21 and 45 days and treated by l-arginine or N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (l-NAME) were examined. Cold increased UCP1 immunopositivity and decreased tSOD activity during entire cold-acclimation and transiently, (day 3), activated NF-κB and increased Mn and CuZn-SOD mRNA expression and nitrotyrosine labeling, suggesting NO involvement in this signaling. However, SODs mRNA expression was decreasing from day 12 till the end of cold-acclimation. l-arginine augmented and prolonged cold-induced UCP1 and nitrotyrosine immunopositivity, NF-κB activation and SODs mRNA expression increase, while l-NAME expressed an opposite effect. Related to cold, l-arginine decreased, while l-NAME increased Mn-SOD protein expression. In contrast, neither low temperature nor both treatments applied affected CuZn-SOD protein expression. The results showed that adaptive decrease in SODs activity on uncoupling-decreased O(2) (·-) production was achieved already at the level of gene transcription and that NO takes part in the regulation of IBAT SOD isoforms.
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25
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l-Arginine supplementation induces glutathione synthesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue through activation of glutamate-cysteine ligase expression: The role of nitric oxide. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 182:204-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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