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SHIMADA S, ABOUBAKR M, ELBADAWY M, USUI T, SASAKI K, SHIMODA M. Biliary excretion and pharmacokinetics of several fluoroquinolones after intravenous injection in rabbits. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1099-1105. [PMID: 37635088 PMCID: PMC10600534 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of enrofloxacin (ERFX) and other fluoroquinolones; orbifloxacin (OBFX), marbofloxacin (MBFX), and ofloxacin (OFLX) in the plasma and bile of rabbits after a single intravenous (IV) injection. Twenty male rabbits were divided into four groups and given each drug by IV injection into the ear vein at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg BW. The concentration of ERFX, ciprofloxacin (CPFX), OBFX, MBFX and OFLX in plasma and bile were determined by HPLC. CPFX, metabolite of ERFX, was also measured by HPLC in plasma and bile of rabbits receiving ERFX. Several pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma were calculated and biliary clearance (CLbile) was calculated from extent of biliary excretion and accumulation of AUC of each drug. After IV injection, elimination half-life (t1/2β) was 4.13, 3.68, 6.60, 5.14 hr; volume of distribution at a steady state (Vdss) was 1.24, 0.503, 0.771, 1.02 L/kg; and total body clearance (CLtot) was 1.05, 0.418, 0.271, 0.453 L/kg/hr, respectively. The values for CLbile for ERFX, OBFX, MBFX, and OFLX were 0.0048, 0.0050, 0.0057, and 0.0094 L/kg/hr, respectively. These values represent 0.48%, 1.2%, 2.1%, and 2.3% of the total body clearance (CLtot) of each drug, respectively. The biliary clearance of CPFX was also measured and found to be 0.0199 L/kg/hr with ERFX administration. The results showed that ERFX, OBFX, MBFX, and OFLX were not excreted into the bile to a significant extent, making them safe drugs to use in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire SHIMADA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Mohamed ABOUBAKR
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Benha University, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed ELBADAWY
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Benha University, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Tatsuya USUI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Kazuaki SASAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Minoru SHIMODA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
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2
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Xie S, Trott DJ, Saputra S, Ebrahimie E, Dehcheshmeh MM, Page C, Woodward N, Griffiths N, Kimble B, Govendir M. Pharmacokinetic profile and effect on the faecal microbiome of a single dose of pradofloxacin oral suspension in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 45:203-212. [PMID: 34897751 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are often administered to pet rabbits given their perceived safety and limited effects on anaerobic gut microbiota. However, the pharmacokinetics and relative safety of pradofloxacin, a third-generation veterinary fluoroquinolone with a much broader spectrum of activity, have not been reported in this species. Here, we determined the pharmacokinetic profile of a single dose of oral pradofloxacin in rabbits and evaluated effects on the faecal microbiome. Four mature female rabbits were administered pradofloxacin (25 mg/ml oral suspension), at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg. The pradofloxacin median (range) Tmax was 4.50 (2.00-5.00) h, Cmax 600.66 (395.85-886.72) ng/ml and t½ was 1.27 (0.12-1.39) h. These results indicated that oral absorption of pradofloxacin was slower, and elimination faster compared with other fluoroquinolones in healthy rabbits, as well as relative to cats and dogs. Following treatment with pradofloxacin, faecal microbiota profiling showed some compositional differences between treated and control animals. This was the result of a significant decrease in the abundance of Proteobacteria, in particular bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas, Atopostipes and Parabacteroides genera. The pharmacokinetic profile of pradofloxacin in rabbits should be further studied by increasing the sample size and using multiple-dose protocols (i.e. 7 days) to confirm safety. Further information on the effects of protein binding, higher dosages and disease on pradofloxacin pharmacokinetics in rabbits are needed before an accurate dosing regimen can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhe Xie
- Mandai Wildlife Group, Singapore, Singapore.,Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Sugiyono Saputra
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.,La Trobe Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Manijeh Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Caitlyn Page
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Nicola Woodward
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Neil Griffiths
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin Kimble
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Merran Govendir
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Sitovs A, Voiko L, Kustovs D, Kovalcuka L, Bandere D, Purvina S, Giorgi M. Pharmacokinetic profiles of levofloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to rabbits ( Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e32. [PMID: 32233138 PMCID: PMC7113567 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Levofloxacin pharmacokinetic profiles were evaluated in 6 healthy female rabbits after intravenous (I/V), intramuscular (I/M), or subcutaneous (S/C) administration routes at a single dose of 5 mg/kg in a 3 × 3 cross-over study. Plasma levofloxacin concentrations were detected using a validated Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography method with a fluorescence detector. Levofloxacin was quantifiable up to 10 h post-drug administration. Mean AUC0-last values of 9.03 ± 2.66, 9.07 ± 1.80, and 9.28 ± 1.56 mg/h*L were obtained via I/V, I/M, and S/C, respectively. Plasma clearance was 0.6 mL/g*h after I/V administration. Peak plasma concentrations using the I/M and S/C routes were 3.33 ± 0.39 and 2.91 ± 0.56 μg/mL. Bioavailability values, after extravascular administration were complete, - 105% ± 27% (I/M) and 118% ± 40% (S/C). Average extraction ratio of levofloxacin after I/V administration was 7%. Additionally, levofloxacin administration effects on tear production and osmolarity were evaluated. Tear osmolarity decreased within 48 h post-drug administration. All 3 levofloxacin administration routes produced similar pharmacokinetic profiles. The studied dose is unlikely to be effective in rabbits; however, it was calculated that a daily dose of 29 mg/kg appears effective for I/V administration for pathogens with MIC < 0.5 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrejs Sitovs
- Department of Pharmacology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Laura Voiko
- Clinical Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, LV-3001, Latvia
| | - Dmitrijs Kustovs
- Department of Pharmacology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Liga Kovalcuka
- Clinical Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, LV-3001, Latvia
| | - Dace Bandere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Santa Purvina
- Department of Pharmacology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
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4
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Yang F, Yang F, Wang G, Shi W, Kong T, Yang P, Bai D, Zhou B. Pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after intravenous and intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:599-604. [PMID: 29465160 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin was studied after a single dose (7.5 mg/kg) of intravenous or intramuscular administration to crucian carp (Carassius auratus) reared in freshwater at 25°C. Plasma samples were collected from six fish per sampling point. Orbifloxacin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a 0.02 μg/ml limit of detection, then were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. After intravenous injection, initial concentration of 5.83 μg/ml, apparent elimination rate constant (λz ) of 0.039 hr-1 , apparent elimination half-life (T1/2λz ) of 17.90 hr, systemic total body clearance (Cl) of 75.47 ml hr-1 kg-1 , volume of distribution (Vz) of 1,948.76 ml/kg, and volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) of 1,863.97 ml/kg were determined, respectively. While after intramuscular administration, the λz , T1/2λz , mean absorption time (MAT), absorption half-life (T1/2ka ), and bioavailability were determined as 0.027 hr-1 , 25.69, 10.26, 7.11 hr, and 96.46%, respectively, while the peak concentration was observed as 3.11 ± 0.06 μg/ml at 2.0 hr. It was shown that orbifloxacin was completely but relatively slowly absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in crucian carp, and an orbifloxacin dosage of 10 mg/kg administered intravenously or intramuscularly would be expected to successfully treat crucian carp infected by strains with MIC values ≤0.5 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Jiangxi Bolai Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Jiujiang, China
| | - F Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - G Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - W Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - T Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - P Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - D Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - B Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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5
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Yang F, Yang F, Shi W, Si H, Kong T, Wang G, Zhang J. Development of a multiroute physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for orbifloxacin in rabbits. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:622-631. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang China
| | - F. Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang China
| | - W. Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang China
| | - H. Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Guangxi University; Nanning China
| | - T. Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang China
| | - G. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang China
| | - J. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Henan University of Science and Technology; Luoyang China
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6
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Marín P, García-Martínez F, Hernándis V, Escudero E. Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to rabbits. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:137-141. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Marín
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Campus de Espinardo; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - F. García-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Campus de Espinardo; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - V. Hernándis
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Campus de Espinardo; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - E. Escudero
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Campus de Espinardo; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
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7
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Cazedey ECL, Salgado HRN. Development and validation of UV spectrophotometric method for orbifloxacin assay and dissolution studies. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502014000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
New, simple and cost effective UV-spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of orbifloxacin in pharmaceutical formulation. Orbifloxacin was estimated at 290 nm in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. Linearity range was found to be 1.0-6.0 μg mL-1. The method was tested and validated for various parameters according to main guidelines. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of orbifloxacin in tablets. The results demonstrated that the procedure is accurate, precise and reproducible, while being simple, economical and less time consuming. It can be suitably applied for the estimation of orbifloxacin in routine quality control and dissolution studies.
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8
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Marín P, Álamo L, Escudero E, Fernández-Varón E, Hernandis V, Cárceles C. Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in rabbit after intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration. Res Vet Sci 2013; 94:698-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Cazedey ECL, Salgado HRN. Orbifloxacin: A Review of Properties, Its Antibacterial Activities, Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Characteristics, Therapeutic Use, and Analytical Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2012.746855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Dudhatra GB, Kumar A, Awale MM, Kamani DR, Chauhan BN, Patel HB, Mody SK. Determination of orbifloxacin in sheep plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection after intravenous and intramuscular administration. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2012; 67:50-3. [PMID: 23231925 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Single-dose pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin (2.5mg/kg body weight) were determined in clinically normal female Patanwadi sheep (n=6) following intravenous and intramuscular administration. METHODS Orbifloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The concentration-time data were analyzed by non-compartmental kinetic method. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Following a single intravenous injection, an elimination half-life (t(1/2β)) of 8.31±0.102h. Steady-state volume of distribution (Vd(ss)) and total body clearance (Cl(B)) were 3.09±0.282L/kg and 0.158±0.006L/kg/h, respectively. Following intramuscular administration, an elimination rate constant (β), the area under the curve from zero to infinity (AUC(0-∞)) and the mean absorption time (MAT) were 0.015±0.001h(-1), 23.49±1.722μg·h/mL and 7.50±0.58h, respectively. The peak plasma concentration (C(max)) of 1.81±0.005µg/mL was achieved at 1.00±0.00h. The mean residence time (MRT) was 26.25±1.083h and the absolute bioavailability was 150.8±12.35%, respectively. Orbifloxacin could be useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in sheep that are sensitive to this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Dudhatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, Gujarat, India.
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11
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Marín P, Álamo L, Escudero E, Gómez-Martín A, Corrales JC, De la Fe C, Fernández-Varón E, Cárceles CM. Fluoroquinolone susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from commercial rabbit farms in Spain. Vet Rec 2012; 170:519. [PMID: 22472539 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Marín
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30.071-Murcia, Spain.
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12
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Tohamy M. Comparative pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin in healthy andPasteurella multocidainfected ducks. Br Poult Sci 2011; 52:639-44. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2011.616953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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13
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Development and validation of a microbiological agar assay for determination of orbifloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutics 2011; 3:572-81. [PMID: 24310597 PMCID: PMC3857083 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Orbifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and belongs to the third generation of quinolones. Regarding the quality control of medicines, a validated microbiological assay for determination of orbifloxacin in pharmaceutical formulations has not as yet been reported. For this purpose, this paper reports the development and validation of a simple, sensitive, accurate and reproducible agar diffusion method to quantify orbifloxacin in tablet formulations. The assay is based on the inhibitory effect of orbifloxacin upon the strain of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 used as test microorganism. The results were treated statistically by analysis of variance and were found to be linear (r = 0.9992) in the selected range of 16.0–64.0 μg/mL, precise with relative standard deviation (RSD) of repeatability intraday = 2.88%, intermediate precision RSD = 3.33%, and accurate (100.31%). The results demonstrated the validity of the proposed bioassay, which allows reliable orbifloxacin quantitation in pharmaceutical samples and therefore can be used as a useful alternative methodology for the routine quality control of this medicine.
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Marín P, Escudero E, Fernández-Varón E, Cárceles C, Corrales J, Gómez-Martín A, Martínez I. Short communication: Fluoroquinolone susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from caprine clinical mastitis in southeast Spain. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:5243-5. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Hawkins MG, Taylor IT, Byrne BA, Armstrong RD, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration of orbifloxacin in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) following oral and intravenous administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2010; 34:350-8. [PMID: 20950349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of single-dose administration of orbifloxacin were determined in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) at dosages of 5 mg/kg intravenous (i.v. n = 12) and 7.5 mg/kg oral (p.o.; n = 5), 10 mg/kg p.o. (n = 5), 15 mg/kg p.o. (n = 12) and 20 mg/kg p.o. (n = 5) via HPLC. Orbifloxacin minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against 22 microbial isolates from various bird species were performed to calculate pharmacodynamic surrogate markers. The concentration-time data were analyzed using a naïve pooled data (NPD) approach and compartmental and noncompartmental methods. Steady-state volume of distribution (Vd(ss)) and total body clearance (Cl) after i.v. administration were estimated to be 1.27 L/kg and 0.60 L/h·kg, respectively. Following 15 and 20 mg/kg p.o. dose, bioavailability was 102% and 117%, respectively. The harmonic mean of the corresponding terminal half-lives (T(1/2) λ(z) ) across all the dose groups was 1.71 h. The C(max) /MIC(90) and AUC(0∞24) /MIC(90) for the 15 and 20 mg/kg p.o. doses were ≥5.22 and ≥8.98, and ≥25.80 and ≥39.37 h, respectively. The results of this study suggest that 20 mg/kg orbifloxacin p.o. would be a rational daily dose to treat susceptible infections in Japanese quail not intended for food consumption. For more sensitive bacterial organisms, 15 mg/kg p.o. may also be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Hawkins
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Gebru E, Lee JS, Chang ZQ, Hwang MH, Cheng H, Park SC. Integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indices of orbifloxacin in beagle dogs after a single intravenous and intramuscular administration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:3024-9. [PMID: 19398644 PMCID: PMC2704630 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01346-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of orbifloxacin were studied in beagle dogs after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. An absolute bioavailability of 100.1% +/- 4.76%, a terminal half-life of 4.23 +/- 0.2 h and 3.95 +/- 0.15 h after i.v. and i.m. administration, a steady-state volume of distribution of 1.61 +/- 0.13 liters/kg, and clearance of 0.31 +/- 0.03 liters/h/kg were observed. Orbifloxacin showed rapid, concentration-dependent killing against the Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, and Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates. Computations based on PK-PD analysis indicated that the recommended dose is unlikely to be clinically effective against some strains like S. intermedius. Therefore, a higher dose of orbifloxacin would be worthy of consideration for treatment of certain bacterial infections in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Gebru
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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17
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ELIAS G, LEE JS, HWANG MH, PARK YS, CHO KH, KIM YH, PARK SC. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration of orbifloxacin in Korean Hanwoo cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 32:219-28. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Llorent-Martínez EJ, Ortega-Barrales P, Molina-Díaz A, Ruiz-Medina A. Implementation of terbium-sensitized luminescence in sequential-injection analysis for automatic analysis of orbifloxacin. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:1397-403. [PMID: 18958455 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Orbifloxacin (ORBI) is a third-generation fluoroquinolone developed exclusively for use in veterinary medicine, mainly in companion animals. This antimicrobial agent has bactericidal activity against numerous gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. A few chromatographic methods for its analysis have been described in the scientific literature. Here, coupling of sequential-injection analysis and solid-phase spectroscopy is described in order to develop, for the first time, a terbium-sensitized luminescent optosensor for analysis of ORBI. The cationic resin Sephadex-CM C-25 was used as solid support and measurements were made at 275/545 nm. The system had a linear dynamic range of 10-150 ng mL(-1), with a detection limit of 3.3 ng mL(-1) and an R.S.D. below 3% (n = 10). The analyte was satisfactorily determined in veterinary drugs and dog and horse urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Llorent-Martínez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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