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Baier V, Paini A, Schaller S, Scanes CG, Bone AJ, Ebeling M, Preuss TG, Witt J, Heckmann D. A generic avian physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) model and its application in three bird species. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107547. [PMID: 36179644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) models are effective tools for designing toxicological studies and conducting extrapolations to inform hazard characterization in risk assessment by filling data gaps and defining safe levels of chemicals. In the present work, a generic avian PBK model for male and female birds was developed using PK-Sim and MoBi from the Open Systems Pharmacology Suite (OSPS). The PBK model includes an ovulation model (egg development) to predict concentrations of chemicals in eggs from dietary exposure. The model was parametrized for chicken (Gallus gallus), bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and was tested with nine chemicals for which in vivo studies were available. Time-concentration profiles of chemicals reaching tissues and egg compartment were simulated and compared to in vivo data. The overall accuracy of the PBK model predictions across the analyzed chemicals was good. Model simulations were found to be in the range of 22-79% within a 3-fold and 41-89% were within 10- fold deviation of the in vivo observed data. However, for some compounds scarcity of in-vivo data and inconsistencies between published studies allowed only a limited goodness of fit evaluation. The generic avian PBK model was developed following a "best practice" workflow describing how to build a PBK model for novel species. The credibility and reproducibility of the avian PBK models were scored by evaluation according to the available guidance documents from WHO (2010), and OECD (2021), to increase applicability, confidence and acceptance of these in silico models in chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Baier
- esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany
| | - Alicia Paini
- esqLABS GmbH, Hambierich 34, 26683 Saterland, Germany
| | | | - Colin G Scanes
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States; Department of Biological Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Audrey J Bone
- Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO 63017, United States
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Bello A, Henri J, Viel A, Mochel JP, Poźniak B. Ionophore coccidiostats - disposition kinetics in laying hens and residues transfer to eggs. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102280. [PMID: 36410065 PMCID: PMC9676626 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry production is linked with the use of veterinary medicinal products to manage diseases. Ionophore coccidiostats have been permitted for use as feed additives within the European Union (EU) for the prevention of coccidiosis in various species of poultry with except of laying hens. The presence of chemical residues in eggs is a matter of major concern for consumers' health. Despite such prohibition of use in laying hens, they were identified as the most common non-target poultry species being frequently exposed to these class of coccidiostats. Many factors can influence the presence of residues in eggs. Carryover of these class of coccidiostat feed additives in the feed of laying hens has been identified as the main reason of their occurrence in commercial poultry eggs. The physicochemical properties of individual compounds, the physiology of the laying hen, and the biology of egg formation are believed to govern the residue transfer rate and its distribution between the egg white and yolk compartments. This paper reviews the causes of occurrence of residues of ionophore coccidiostats in eggs within the EU with special emphasis on their disposition kinetics in laying hens, and residue transfer into eggs. Additional effort was made to highlight future modeling perspectives on the potential application of pharmacokinetic modeling in predicting drug residue transfer and its concentration in eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Bello
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland
| | - Jérôme Henri
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), Fougères Laboratory, 35306, Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Viel
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety), Fougères Laboratory, 35306, Fougères Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Paul Mochel
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Błażej Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw 50-375, Poland,Corresponding author:
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Lautz LS, Nebbia C, Hoeks S, Oldenkamp R, Hendriks AJ, Ragas AMJ, Dorne JLCM. An open source physiologically based kinetic model for the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus): Calibration and validation for the prediction residues in tissues and eggs. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105488. [PMID: 31991240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Xenobiotics from anthropogenic and natural origin enter animal feed and human food as regulated compounds, environmental contaminants or as part of components of the diet. After dietary exposure, a chemical is absorbed and distributed systematically to a range of organs and tissues, metabolised, and excreted. Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models have been developed to estimate internal concentrations from external doses. In this study, a generic multi-compartment PBK model was developed for chicken. The PBK model was implemented for seven compounds (with log Kow range -1.37-6.2) to quantitatively link external dose and internal dose for risk assessment of chemicals. Global sensitivity analysis was performed for a hydrophilic and a lipophilic compound to identify the most sensitive parameters in the PBK model. Model predictions were compared to measured data according to dataset-specific exposure scenarios. Globally, 71% of the model predictions were within a 3-fold change of the measured data for chicken and only 7% of the PBK predictions were outside a 10-fold change. While most model input parameters still rely on in vivo experiments, in vitro data were also used as model input to predict internal concentration of the coccidiostat monensin. Future developments of generic PBK models in chicken and other species of relevance to animal health risk assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lautz
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - C Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - S Hoeks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - R Oldenkamp
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A J Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A M J Ragas
- Department of Environmental Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Houtlaan 4, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Science, Faculty of Management, Science &Technology, Open University, 6419 AT Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - J L C M Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Olejnik M, Radko L, Jedziniak P. Identification of metabolites of anticancer candidate salinomycin using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight and hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:629-634. [PMID: 29441626 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Salinomycin is an ionophore antibiotic with potential anticancer activity. The history of its use in veterinary medicine shows large differences in species susceptibility to its toxicity. At the same time, the results of research to date suggest a correlation between the extent and pathways of ionophore biotransformation and its toxicity. The biotransformation pattern of salinomycin has not been studied so far. METHODS Extracts from culture media of human hepatoma cells (HepG2) exposed to salinomycin were analysed with two mass spectrometry techniques. For the first one, micro-liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer was used. In the second approach, high-performance liquid chromatography was coupled with a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap. Both experiments were operated in positive electrospray ionization mode. To identify unknown salinomycin metabolites, information-dependent acquisition was applied. RESULTS Metabolites identified with tandem mass spectrometry included hydroxylated, demethylated and hydroxylated-demethylated derivatives, in total 14 compounds. Using high resolution, only eight isomers of hydroxysalinomycin were detected. The efficiency of biotransformation was low, and so was the abundance of the signals; only for two metabolites did the signal exceed 1% of the salinomycin signal. The analysis of fragmentation patterns narrowed the structure combinations but the actual modification site could not be specified. CONCLUSIONS Tandem mass spectrometry was more sensitive in the identification of salinomycin metabolites in comparison to the Q-TOF approach. Because of low efficiency of biotransformation of the applied model, the obtained fragmentation data are not sufficient to fully characterize the detected compounds. A study with more metabolically active primary hepatocytes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Olejnik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Lidia Radko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Piotr Jedziniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
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Henri J, Carrez R, Méda B, Laurentie M, Sanders P. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for chickens exposed to feed supplemented with monensin during their lifetime. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:370-382. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Henri
- Fougères Laboratory; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety; ANSES; Fougères France
| | - R. Carrez
- Fougères Laboratory; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety; ANSES; Fougères France
| | - B. Méda
- INRA; UR83 Recherches Avicoles; Nouzilly France
| | - M. Laurentie
- Fougères Laboratory; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety; ANSES; Fougères France
| | - P. Sanders
- Fougères Laboratory; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety; ANSES; Fougères France
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Rocha BA, Assis MD, Peti APF, Moraes LAB, Moreira FL, Lopes NP, Pospíšil S, Gates PJ, de Oliveira ARM. In vitrometabolism of monensin A: microbial and human liver microsomes models. Xenobiotica 2013; 44:326-35. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.845707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Henri J, Maurice R, Postollec G, Dubreil-Cheneau E, Roudaut B, Laurentie M, Sanders P. Comparison of the oral bioavailability and tissue disposition of monensin and salinomycin in chickens and turkeys. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:73-81. [PMID: 21615753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current study describes the pharmacokinetic parameters of two carboxylic polyether ionophores: monensin in turkeys and salinomycin in chickens. These data can be used to understand and predict the occurrence of undesirable residues of coccidiostats in edible tissues of these animal species. Special attention is paid to the distribution of residues between the different edible tissues during and at the end of the treatment period. For the bioavailability studies, monensin was administered to turkeys intravenously, in the left wing vein, at a dose of 0.4 mg /kg and orally at a dose of 20 mg /kg. Salinomycin was administered to chickens intravenously, in the left wing vein, at a dose of 0.25 mg /kg and orally at a dose of 2.5 mg /kg. Residue studies were carried out with supplemented feed at the rate of 100 mg /kg of feed for monensin in turkeys and 70 mg /kg for salinomycin in chickens, respectively. Coccidiostats had a low bioavailability in poultry (around 30% for monensin in chickens, around 1% for monensin in turkeys and around 15% for salinomycin in chickens). Monensin in chickens had a longer terminal half-life (between 3.07 and 5.55 h) than both monensin in turkeys (between 1.36 and 1.55 h) and salinomycin in chickens (between 1.33 and 1.79 h). The tissue /plasma partition coefficients showed a higher affinity of both monensin and salinomycin for fat, followed by liver and muscle tissue. The depletion data showed a fairly rapid elimination of coccidiostats in all the tissues after cessation of treatment. According to the results of depletion studies, a withdrawal period of 1 day seems sufficient to avoid undesirable exposure of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Henri
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Fougeres Laboratory, Javené, France
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